【优化方案】2016高考(浙江、江苏)英语二轮复习(课件+检测):第一部分 语法突破 专题二 代词和介词(3份)

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名称 【优化方案】2016高考(浙江、江苏)英语二轮复习(课件+检测):第一部分 语法突破 专题二 代词和介词(3份)
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课件63张PPT。专题2 代词和介词[考情分析]
代词是用来代替名词或名词短语的词类。在单项填空考查中
主要考查人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、不定
代词以及it的特殊用法、代词的辨析、代词与否定词构成的
否定与半否定等。对介词的考查主要集中在介词的基本用法
上,最常见的是介词短语的考查及介词的固定搭配。考点一 人称代词、物主代词、指示代词和反身代词(2013·高考浙江卷,T11)Half of ________ surveyed in 16
countries say they go first to their closest friend to share their deepest wishes and darkest fears.
A.these B.some
C.ones D.those
解析:考查代词辨析。句意:来自16个国家的受访人当中有一半人说,在他们有最强烈的愿望和最恐惧的时候,他们首先想到他们最亲近的朋友。所以这里用those来指代前面提到的那些被调查的人。D1.在没有谓语动词的句子中,人称代词常用宾格。
—Glad to meet you.——很高兴见到你。
—Me,too.——我也是。
—I’d like to go to climb the mountain this weekend.
——这个周末我想去爬山。
—Me,too.——我也想去。2.形容词性物主代词通常在句中作定语。名词性物主代词通常在句中起名词作用,可以作主语、宾语和表语。名词 性 物主代词相当于名词,不能用于名词之前。
We took our fishing pole and headed for the lake.
我们带上鱼竿朝湖走去。
This camera is mine and that is yours.
这部相机是我的,那个是你的。3.反身代词的用法:
(1)反身代词可以在be,feel,look,seem 等系动词后作表
语,表示身体或精神状态。
She is not quite herself today.她今天身体不太舒服。
(2)含有反身代词的习惯用语:
①介词+反身代词:by oneself单独地,独自地;for oneself
亲自,为自己
②动词+反身代词:devote oneself to 致力于;apply oneself
to 专心致志于;enjoy oneself 过得愉快;help oneself to 随便
吃;随便用;make yourself at home 不拘束;seat oneself 坐
下;behave oneself 举止得体; come to oneself恢复知觉;苏醒过来;adapt/adjust oneself to适应于;abandon oneself
to沉迷于,放纵于;express oneself 表达某人的思想;lose
oneself in(=be lost in迷失);say to oneself心里想;talk to
oneself自言自语
4.指示代词常见用法有:指上文提到的事,一般用that或
those;指下文或将要提到的事物,常用this或these。此外,
this在电话用语中作自我介绍,that则为询问对方;this和
that还用作副词,相当于so。
Those are the facts;what do you conclude from them?
那些都是事实,你能从中得出什么结论?They are happy to learn in their own language,and that
makes them eager to know more.他们很高兴能用自己的语
言学习,这就激发了他们的求知欲。
习惯搭配有:
that is to say=that is... 也就是说……
That’s it! 正是如此!对了!
That’s enough. 那就够了。
That’s that. 就这么决定了。1.(2016·南通市调研)—Would you come and help me find
another pair of scissors?
—Why________? Tom has nothing to do all day.
A.I B.me
C.he D.that
解析:句意:——你能过来帮我再找一把剪刀吗?—— 为 什么是我?汤姆一整天都无所事事。此处Why me?为一种习惯表达。B2.(2016·盐城市模拟)—Mike,you don’t seem to be quite
________ today.
—Well,I hardly slept last night.I was preparing for a report.
A.itself B.yourself
C.you D.ourselves
解析:句意:——迈克,你今天的状态似乎不太好。—— 我昨晚几乎没有睡,我在准备一个报告。be o nese lf为固 定 用法,意为“(身体、精神等方面)处于正常状态”。根据主 语you可知,应选yourself。B考点二  it的用法1.(2015·高考浙江卷,T12)How would you like ________ if
you were watching your favorite TV program and someone came into the room and just shut it off without asking you? 
A.them B.one
C.those D.it
解析:考查代词的用法。句意:如果你正在看最喜欢的电视节目,有人走进来,不说一声就关掉了电视,你会作何感
想?it 指代if you were watching...asking you这件事。How do
you like it if...?如果……,你作何感想?D2.(2014·高考大纲全国卷,T25)—Who’s that at the door?
—________ is the milkman.
A.He B.It
C.This D.That
解析:考查代词。句意:——谁在门口?——是送奶的。由语境可知,此处指“不知道性别的某个人”,要用it表示,故B项正确。this与that均为指示代词,但是没有此用法。B1.指代前面所提到过的事物或说话者不清楚或没有必要说明说话对象的性别时。
The Smiths bought a new house but it will need a lot of work
before they can move in.史密斯一家买了一套新房子,但是在
入住之前有大量的工作要做。
2.it用作形式主语或形式宾语,而把真正的主语或宾语放在后
面,真正的主语或宾语往往由从句、动名词、不定式充当。
No matter where he is,he makes it a rule to go for a walk before breakfast.
不管在哪里,他养成了早餐前散步的习惯。It’s no use complaining without taking action.
不采取行动而只是抱怨是没有用的。
It occurred to me that I had visited him before.
我突然想起我以前曾拜访过他。
3.某些及物动词或短语不能直接加宾语从句,此时须先用it
作形式宾语,然后接宾语从句,有此用法的动词(短语):like,dislike,hate,appreciate,depend on,see to等。
They would appreciate it,to be frank,if the goods could be
delivered as soon as possible.
坦率地说,如果货物尽快被送到,他们会感激不尽。4.it的固定搭配:
it depends  视情况而定
Don’t mention it. 不客气。
believe it or not 信不信由你
make it 成功,做到,及时赶到
put it 表达
get it 明白了
when it comes to... 当谈到……
take it for granted that... 认为……是理所当然的
Laughter is the best medicine—at least when it comes to
protecting your heart.
笑是最好的药,至少当涉及保护心脏的时候。(2014·高考山东卷,T4)Susan made________ clear to me
that she wished to make a new life for herself.
A.that B.this
C.it D.herC2.(2015·江苏宿迁三校联考)He didn’t make________clear
when and where the meeting would be held.
A.this B.it
C.that D.these
解析:句意:他不清楚会议将在何时何地举行。在这个句子里he是主语,make是谓语,it做的是make的形式宾语,但真正的宾语是when and where the meeting would be held . 四 个选项只有it可做形式宾语。故选B。B考点三  it,one(s),that,those的用法区别1.(2015·高考天津卷,T2)The quality of education in this
small school is better than ________ in some larger schools.
A.that B.one
C.it D.This
解析:考查替代词的用法。句意:这所小型学校的教学质量比有些较大的学校的教学质量还要好.空格处指代the quality of education,为不可数名词,故用that。A2.(2014·高考浙江卷,T3)An average of just 18.75 cm of
rain fell last year,making ________ the driest year since
California became a state in 1850.
A.each B.it
C.this D.one
解析:考查替代词。句意:去年平均降雨量仅为18.75厘米,使其成为自1850年加利福尼亚成为州以来最干旱的一年。 由语境可知,此处考查的是代词的替代,替代前面 提 到的last year,为同名同物的指代,用it。each每一;this这个;one一个,泛指“同类当中的一个”。B代替“a/an+单数可数名词”代替“零冠词+复数名词”代替“the+单数可数名词”,有时可用that代替
(尤其在有后置定语的情况下)代替“the+复数名词”,有时可用those代替(尤其在有后置定语的情况下)代替“the+单数可数名词/不可数名词”代替“the+复数名词”代替上文替代的同名同物,即同一个。To her joy,Della earned first the trust of her students and
then that of her colleagues.
令戴拉高兴的是,她首先赢得了她的学生的信任,然后又赢得了同事的信任。
We’ve been looking for a cheap house but haven’t found one yet.我一直在找一个便宜的房子但是还没有找到。
I like this house with a beautiful garden in front,but I don’t have enough money to buy it.我喜欢这座前面有漂亮花园的房子,但是没有足够的钱来买它。1.The traffic on the main streets has a longer green signal
than ________on the small ones.
A.one B.this
C.that D.it
解析:句意:主街上交通灯的绿灯指示时间比小街上的绿 灯指示时间长。四个选项都为替代词,one指代上文中出现的单数可数名词,表泛指;that指代上文中出现 的不可数 名词 或单数可数名词,表特指,其后有修饰语限 制;it指代 上文 提到的同名同物。由句子结构和句意可知,空格处应 用that 替代上文中出现的不可数名词traffic。C2.(2015·江苏省启东中学调研)Everyone doesn’t agree to the
plan.Some support it while I’m one of________opposed to it.
A.those who B.who
C.those D.that
解析:句意:并不是每个人都同意这个计划。有的支持它而我是反对中的一个。此处those后的opposed to it是过 去分 词短语作定语,相当于定语从句who are opposed to it,A选 项错在who后没系动词。C考点四 不定代词all,both,either,any,none,neither的用法区别1.(2014·高考江西卷,T32)—When shall I call,in the morning or afternoon?
—________.I’ll be in all day.
A.Any
B.None
C.Neither
D.Either D解析:考查代词。句意:——我什么时候(给你) 打 电 话 方
便,上午还是下午?——都可以,我将一整天都在家。根据
文中提到的in the morning or afternoon可知,此处指在两者
之间作出选择,故排除A、B两项;又根据“I’ll be in all
day.”可知应该是两个时间段均可以。2.(2014·高考四川卷,T1)She’d lived in London and Manchester,but she liked ________ and moved to Cambridge.
A.both B.neither
C.none D.either
解析:考查代词。句意:她曾经在伦敦和曼彻斯特生活过,但是她不喜欢这两个地方就搬到了剑桥。both“两者都”;
neither“两者都不”;none“三者或三者以上都不”;
either“二者任选其一”。由关键信息London and Manchester可知,此处表示“两者”,排除C项;再由but以及moved to Cambridge(搬到剑桥)可知,此处表示“两 地 都不喜欢”,故B项正确。Bbotheitherneither=not eitherboth和not连用allanynone=
not anyall和not连用As the two dictionaries are useful,I’ll take both and either
of them is very important to me.由于这两本词典都有用,我
会把它们都带走,每一本对我来说都非常重要。All that’s important is that you are doing your best and
moving in the right direction.
重要的是你尽力朝正确的方向前进。
—Would you like tea or coffee?
——你想要茶还是咖啡?
—Neither,thank you.I’ve just had some water.
——都不要,谢谢。我刚喝过一些水。
My brother would like to buy a good watch but none was
available from that shop.
我哥哥想买一块好表,但是在那家店里没有一块合适的。1.(2015·江苏盐城三模)Of the forces shaping higher
education________is more sweeping than the movement
across borders.
A.nothing B.none
C.either D.anything
解析:句意:在影响高等教育发展的各种力量中,没有比出
国留学的影响更广泛的。A.nothing没有什么东西;
B.none一点也没有,一个也没有;C.either两者中的任何
一个;D.anything任何东西。根据前面的of短语,可知应用
none。故选B。B2.It’s an either-or situation—we can buy a new car this
year or we can go on holiday but we can’t do________.
A.others B.either
C.another D.both
解析:考查代词。句意:这是一种二选一的情况,我们今年要么买一辆新车,要么去度假,但两者不可兼得。空格处表示部分否定,应用not...both,故本题选D。D考点五 不定代词other,the other,others,the others,another的用法区别1.(2015·高考陕西卷,T13)To warm himself,the sailor sat
in front of the fire rubbing one bare foot against ________.
A.another B.the other
C.other D.eitherB解析:考查不定代词。句意:为了暖和自己,那个海员坐 在火堆前,两只光脚丫互相蹭着。another另一个,指三者或三者以上中的另外一个; the other另一个,指两者中的另外 一个;other别的,其他的;either表示两者中的任意 一个。 由语境可知,此处表示“另一只赤着的脚”,指“两者中的 另外一个”,故用the other。2.(2014·高考福建卷,T21)In some countries,people eat
with chopsticks,while in________,knives and forks.
A.another B.others
C.both D.all
解析:考查代词辨析。句意:在一些国家里,人们用筷子 吃饭,而在________,人们用刀叉吃饭。another“另一个”,指三者或三者以上中的另一个;others“其他的”,表示 泛指;both两者,两个都;all(三者或三者以上)都。根 据句 中的关键词some countries(一些国家)可知,空格处表示“其他的国家”,所以选择B项(others)。B表示“另一个;另一些”,用作泛指,只作定语,
常与复数名词或不可数名词连用,但如果前有any,
every等时,则可与单数名词连用,如any other
plant,every other day。表示“两者中的另一个”。常用结构:one...the other...指“一个……另一个……”。表示“(三者或三者以上中的)另一个”,指代或修饰单数可数名词。另外,another后可接“基数词/few+复数名词”表示“另外的……(多少)”。泛指别的人或物,可作主语、宾语或表语。
常用结构:some...others...。特指其余的人或物,可作主语、宾语或表语。
常用结构:some...the others...。I felt so bad all day yesterday that I decided this morning I
couldn’t face another day like that.昨天一整天我都感觉很糟
糕,所以今天早晨我决定不能像那样面对另一天了。
I’ll spend half of my holiday practising English and the other
half learning drawing.我准备把我假日时间的一半用来练习
英语,另一半时间学习绘画。
Some are singing and dancing,some are drawing,others are
climbing the hill.
一些人在唱歌跳舞,一些人在画画,还有一些人在爬山。1.(2015·浙江宁波二模)It’s one thing to send a short message but________to have the person receiving the message actually do something.
A.another B.other
C.the other D.others
解析:考查代词。 句意:发短信是一回事,而让收到短信的人做某事又是另外一回事.another表示另外一个,故选A项。A2.Lily was the only person who noticed me coming into the
classroom,________ all absorbed in reading.
A.others B.the other
C.the others D.another
解析:句意:Lily是唯一注意到我进教室的人,所有 其他 人都沉浸在阅读中。从题干可以看出,这里的其他人是指教室里除Lily之外的人,故此处有范围,且表示特指,并且 有 复数,故选C。C考点六 不定代词none,nothing,nobody(no one)的用法区别1.(2015·高考重庆卷,T2)The meeting will be held in
September,but ________ knows the date for sure.
A.everybody B.nobody
C.anybody D.somebody
解析:考查不定代词。句意:会议将在九月份举行,但是
______知道确切的日期。句中的转折连词but是解题的关键,表明人们现在只知道会议在九月份开,但确切日期不知道。B2.(2015·高考四川卷,T10)Niki is always full of ideas,but
________ is useful to my knowledge.
A.nothing B.no one
C.neither D.none
解析:考查不定代词的用法。句意:尼基点子总是很多,但是据我所知,没有一个是有用的。由前面的full of ideas 可以得知他有“很多点子”,再结合but的转折可知“没有一个有用”,所以此处要用none。D既可指人,也可指物,侧重数量,通常指三者或三者以上的人或物,后可接of短语,作主语时谓语动词可以用单数,也可用复数,常用于回答由how much/many提问的疑问句。只用于指物,且表示泛指概念,常用于回答由what引导的疑问句。只用于指人,且表示泛指概念,常用于回答由who引导的疑问句,且不可与of短语连用,作主语时,谓语动词用单数。Sophia waited for a reply,but none came.
索菲亚等待答复,但一个都没有。
—How many students in your class went to the lecture?
——你们班有多少学生去听报告?
—None.
——一个也没有。
—Who did you see enter the lonely house?
——你看见谁进了那间僻静的房间?
—Nobody.
——没看见一个人。
—How much money do you have?
——你有多少钱?
—Nothing.
——一点也没有。 部分否定和全部否定:no one,none,nobody,
nothing,not...any以及“no+名词”都表示全部否定;all,
both,everyone/everybody/everything以及“every+名词”都表示全部肯定;当not出现在含有全部肯定意义的不定代词的句子中,不管not在它们之前还是在它们之后,都表示部分否定。
Both of them haven’t read this story.
并非他俩都读过这个故事。
Not all of them smoke.=All of them don’t smoke.
他们当中不是所有人都吸烟。1.(2015·江苏泰州二模)________can help but be fascinated
by the world into which he is taken by the science fiction.
A.Nobody B.Anybody
C.Somebody D.Everybody
解析:句意:大家都不禁为这个他由科幻故事带入的那个世界所吸引了。can’t help but+动词原形,“禁不住”。A2.This project requires close teamwork.________ will be
achieved unless we work well together.
A.Nothing B.Anything
C.Something D.Everything
解析:考查不定代词。句意:这个项目需要密切的合作,除非我们通力合作,否则一事无成。根据句意可知此处应用表示否定意义的词语,故选A。A考点七 介词的用法1.(2015·高考浙江卷,T3)Have you ever heard of the trees
that are homes ________ animals both on land and sea?
A.about B.to
C.with D.over
解析:考查固定搭配。句意:你听说过是海陆两栖动物栖息
地的树吗?be home to为固定搭配, 意为“是…… 的 栖 息 地,是……的家园”。B2.(2015·高考重庆卷,T10)Last year was the warmest year on record,with global temperature 0.68℃ ___________ the average.
A.below B.on
C.at D.above
解析:考查固定搭配与介词用法辨析。句意:去年是有史以来最暖和的一年,全球温度比平均值高出0.68摄氏度 。根 据逗号前面的the warmest year可知,去年的温度应该是在平均值之上的,因此选择D项,above the average在平均值之上;
below the average在平均值之下;on the average平均而言,一
般说来;没有at the average这样的搭配。D常考介词归纳
1.against (表示方位)依靠着……;碰,撞;反对;以……为背景,衬托;预防
An agreement seems to be impossible because the majority of the committee members are against it.看来意见达成一致是不可能的,因为大多数委员会委员都表示反对。
2.off (表示位置)在……的外面;(表示方向)偏离;从……离开
Two miles off the coast,we sailed right into the storm.
在离海岸两英里处,我们迎面遇上了暴风雨。3.by 不迟于;在……旁边;到……为止;按照,根据;通
过……方式;增减的幅度
This one is shorter than that one by three inches.
这一个比那一个短三英寸。
4.beyond (时间) 过了,比……晚,迟于;(位置) 在……
另一边,超出……之外;(表示程度)为……所不及,超
出……的范围
No one hopes that the situation between China and Japan is
beyond control due to the Diaoyu Islands.
没人希望中日局势因钓鱼岛事件失控。5.with 和……在一起;带有,拥有;随着;用……工具;就……来说;对于,关于;(表示原因)由于,因为
I have an appointment with Dr.Smith,but I need to change it.
我与史密斯医生有约,但是我需要改变一下。
6.over 在……上方;越过;超过;(表示时间或过程)
在……期间
I’m sorry I didn’t phone you,but I’ve been very busy over the past couple of weeks.
很抱歉没给你打电话,可是这几个星期我一直很忙。7.for 为了;代表;因为,由于;对于,关于,在……方
面;以……为代价;赞成,支持;就……而言
Before you pay a visit to a place of interest,look in your local library for a book about it.
在你到某一旅游胜地去浏览之前,先在你当地的图书馆找本
有关的书看看。
The Smiths are praised for the way they bring up their
children.
史密斯夫妇因为养育孩子的方式而受到了赞扬。1.(2015·高考福建卷,T22)A common memory they all have ________ their school days is the school uniform.
A.of B.on
C.to D.with
解析:考查固定搭配中的介词辨析。句意:他们都拥有的有关学校时光的共同记忆是校服。“对……的记忆”应用have a memory of表达。故答案为A项。A2.(2015·高考陕西卷,T12)The little pupil took his grandma
________ the arm and walked her across the street.
A.on B.by
C.in D.at
解析:考查固定搭配。句意:那个小学生 搀着他奶 奶的 胳膊,送她过了街道。“take sb.by+the+身体部位”为固定搭配,意为“抓住/触及某人的……”,故选B项。B考点八 介词短语和介词的固定搭配1.(2015·高考江苏卷,T34)Many of the things we now
benefit from would not be around ________ Thomas Edison.
A.thanks to B.regardless of
C.aside from D.but for
解析:考查介词短语意义辨析。句意:要不 是托 马斯·爱 迪生,我们现在从中受益的很多东西就不会存在 。由would 可以看出本句用了虚拟语气,在所给选项中只有but for可以 引出含蓄虚拟条件,故选D项。thanks to由于;regardless of不管;aside from除了……之外;but for要不是。D2.(2014·高考浙江卷,T10)While staying in the village,
James unselfishly shared whatever he had with the villagers
without asking for anything ________ .
A.in return B.in common
C.in turn D.in place
解析:考查介词短语辨析。句意:在村子里待的那段时间,
詹姆斯无私地同村民分享他所拥有的一切,而不要任何东 西回报。in return“作为回报”;in common“共有,共用”;
in turn“相应地,轮流地,反过来,转而”;in place“在 恰当的位置”。由关 键 信息unselfishly shared和without asking for anything可知,此处表示 “不 要 任何东 西作为 回 报(in return)”。A1.at+名词
at sea茫然,在大海上;at will任意地;at work在上班;at
lunch在吃午饭;at table在吃饭;at peace处于和平状态
2.by+名词
by accident偶然地;by chance碰巧;by mistake错误地;by
the way顺便说
3.beyond+名词
beyond description难以形容;beyond words无法用语言形
容;beyond doubt无疑;beyond one’s reach够不着4.in+名词
in advance在前头,事先,预先;in case如果,万一;in
charge主管,看管;in common共有,共同;in demand很需
要;in order按顺序,井然有序,情况良好;in progress进行
中;in return作为回报;in turn依次,转而;in vain徒劳;
in shape健康状况良好
5.on+名词
on purpose故意地;on leave在休假;on holiday在度假;on
sale出售;on time准时;on the air正在广播
6.under+名词
under construction在建设中;under consideration在考虑
中;under repair在修理中7.out of+名词
out of breath上气不接下气;out of balance失去平衡;out of
date过时;out of patience不耐烦;out of control失去控制;
out of touch失去联系
8.in+名词+of
in case of如果;in fear of担心,害怕;in honour of为纪
念……,对……表示敬意;in memory of为纪念……;in
place of代替;in search of寻找,寻求;in sight of在看得
见……的地方;in support of支持,支援;in face of面对;
in exchange of 与……交换9.其他常考介词短语
in terms of就……而言,依据;in view of鉴于,根据;for the sake of为了;on behalf of 代表;apart from除了;in addition to除了;on the basis of 以……为基础;regardless of不管;
with regard to至于,关于
(2014·高考福建卷,单项填空,改编)Our club is open to everyone regardless of age,sex or educational background.
我们的俱乐部对任何人开放,不管年龄、性别或教育背景。
I am always delighted when I receive an e-mail from you.With regard to the party on July 1st,I shall be pleased to
attend.
当我收到你的e-mail时,我总是很高兴。至于7月1日的聚
会,我将很乐意参加。1.(2015·高考浙江卷,T17)These comments came ________ specific questions often asked by local newsmen.
A.in memory of B.in response to
C.in touch with D.in possession of
解析:考查短语意义辨析。句意:这些评论是________当地记者常提出的各种具体问题的。in memory of为 了 纪 念;in response to回答, 响 应;in touch with 与……有 联 系;in possession of拥 有, 占 有。 根 据 句子 的 关 键 信 息these comments和specific questions可知,此处表示这些评论是 对 各种具体问题的回答,故选B项。B2.(2016·江苏四市三次调研)I like that bookstore because
whenever I buy a book there,they will offer me a book
cover________.
A.for good measure B.at any cost
C.beyond my reach D.on their own
解析:句意:我喜欢那家书店,因为无论何时我在那里买书
时,他们就会________一个书皮.for good measure作为额外
增添;at any cost无论如何,在任何情况下;beyond my
reach我够不到;on their own独自,单独。故选A。A本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放
[模拟题组一]
1.(2015·苏、锡、常、镇四市调研二)One well of the oil field was still burning with huge fire twisting crazily________the night sky.
A.in B.on
C.against D.across
解析:选C。考查介词。句意:石油区的一个井仍在燃烧,在夜空的映衬下火苗疯狂扭曲。against the night sky在夜空的映衬下,故选C。
2.(2015·宿迁市三校3月质检)________the cold,thin air and low oxygen levels also can cause mountain sickness.
A.On behalf of B.In terms of
C.Apart from D.Except for
解析:选C。考查介词短语。句意:且不说冷空气,稀薄的空气和含氧量低也能引起高山反应。on behalf of代表;in terms of依……来讲;apart from且不说……(实际上是包括的);except for要不是,除……之外(从整体中排除)。而the cold,thin air 也是会cause mountain sickness的,所以不能排除,只能用“且不说”apart from,用besides也可以,是一个递进关系,表示“而且……”。故选C。
3.(2015·盐城市三次模拟)To survive in the world,we have to act ________others,but to survive as ourselves,we have to act alone.
A.in honor of B.in concert with
C.in light of D.in contact with
解析:选B。考查介词短语。句意:为了在世界上生存下去,我们必须与别人合作,但为了自我生存下去我们必须单独行动。A.in honor of以……的荣誉;B.in concert with和……相呼应,与……合作,和……一致;C.in light of根据,鉴于,从……观点来看;D.in contact with和……相联系。故选B。
4.(2015·江苏省扬州中学质检)Please fetch the bunch of purple flowers and put it here,for purple flowers look more beautiful ________a light yellow wall.
A.at B.in
C.under D.against
解析:选D。考查介词短语。句意:去拿一束紫色的花来放到这里,因为以淡黄色的墙为背景,紫色的花看上去更漂亮。against以……为背景。故选D。
5.(2015·泰州市二次模拟)________the previous approach to offering low-cost models for the market,Chinese car makers are focusing on displaying alternative energy-driven vehicles to meet environmental concerns.
A.With regard to B.On account of
C.In contrast to D.In response to
解析:选C。考查介词短语。句意:与先前提供低消耗汽车的方式相比,中国的汽车制造商开始注重展示利用可替代能源驱动的汽车以满足环保的需求。A.With regard to关于;B.On account of由于,因为;C.In contrast to与……相比;D.In response to作为回应。根据题干中的low-cost models和alternative energy-driven vehicles含有对比的意思。所以选C。
6.(2015·南京、盐城二模)By 2025,when the number of consumers worldwide has reached 4.2 billion,people with high income will be,for the first time,more than ________struggling to meet basic needs.
A.one B.that
C.ones D.those
解析:选D。考查代词。句意:到2025年,当世界各地消费者的数目已经达到42亿,那些高收入的人将会是第一次比努力解决温饱的人要多。空处指代的是人,而且是复数,those作替代词,既可指物,也可指人。故选D项。
7.(2016·浙江余姚中学第一次质检)Lei Feng is a hero,________,I think,that will be remembered by Chinese forever.
A.who B.it
C.which D.one
解析:选D。考查代词。句意:我认为雷锋是一位英雄,一位将被中国人民永远记住的英雄。句中one与前面的hero构成同位关系,并作后面定语从句的先行词。
8.(2015·浙江杭州市七校第三次质检)—How old can you guess your new English teacher is?
—It’s hard to say.But I guess him to be________between 35 and 40.
A.anybody B.anywhere
C.anyhow D.anything
解析:选B。考查不定代词。句意:——你猜一下你的新英语老师多大了?——很难说,但是我想差不多是35到40岁吧。A意为任何人;B意为任何地方、将近;C意为无论如何;D意为任何事。根据句意,选择B。
9.(2016·杭州市二次质检)Excuse me,but could you please stop! Such an argument is not getting you________.
A.anyhow B.anything
C.anywhere D.anyone
解析:选C。句意:打扰了,但是请你停下来好吗?这样的争论不会让你有什么好处。anyhow无论如何;anything任何东西;anywhere任何地方;anyone任何人。get anywhere为固定搭配,意为“有所成就,有进展”。故选C。
10.(2015·杭州市一模)My apartment is being decorated,so I have to rent________until it has been finished.
A.that B.it
C.one D.some
解析:选C。句意:我的公寓在装修,因此不得不租住一个公寓直到装修结束。one表示泛指,指代前面可数名词apartment。
[模拟题组二]
1.(2016·嘉兴市教学测试二)The pronunciation of the speakers living in London is judged to be more native than________of the speakers from Liverpool.
A.it B.that
C.one D.those
解析:选B。考查代词。句意:住在伦敦的讲话人发音比那些来自利物浦的说话人的发音被认定是更地道。that 可等于前文提到的the+名词,题干中=the pronunciation。one等于a+名词的“同类项”;those等于the+名词复数;it等于前文的名词单数或不可数名词的本身。故选B。
2.(2016·绍兴市模拟)We live in a world in which only the strongest can make________to the top.
A.one B.it
C.each D.that
解析:选B。考查代词。句意:我们生活在这样一个世界里——只有最强的人才能爬得最高。make it获得成功,为固定搭配。故选B。
3.(2015·温州市二模)With the loss of her husband in the earthquake,the two children mean________to the young mother.
A.everything B.anything
C.nothing D.something
解析:选A。考查不定代词。句意:地震中她失去了丈夫,对于这位年轻的母亲来说两个孩子就是她的一切。everything一切;anything任何东西;nothing什么也没有;something某事。根据题意选A。
4.(2015·浙江省严州中学仿真考试)Many people agree that there has never been a more splendid opening ceremony than________of the Beijing Olympic Games in history.
A.one B.what
C.that D.it
解析:选C。考查代词。句意:很多人同意历史上没有比北京奥林匹克运动会更好的开幕式。A.one一个;B.what什么;C.that那个;D.it它。比较级中出现代指,只能用that。故选C。
5.(2015·浙大附中模拟)We agreed to accept________they thought was the best tourist guide.
A.whatever B.anyone
C.whichever D.whoever
解析:选D。考查代词。句意:只要是他们认为的最好的导游,无论哪一个我们都接受。whoever指代 the best tourist guide,表示的是人,故选D项。
6.(2015·杭州市模拟)People keep to themselves in my neighborhood.We don’t drop by unannounced,________one night a year,December 30.
A.instead of B.more than
C.as to D.except for
解析:选D。考查介词短语。句意:我们社区的人常足不出户。除了一年中的12月30号,在这晚大家可以在互不通知的情况下拜访对方。A项意为“代替”;B项意为“超过”;C项意为“至于”;D项意为“除了”。
7.(2015·嘉兴市测试二)In the final,we narrowly won the game.________,I didn’t expect we had a chance of winning at first.
A.On the whole B.As a consequence
C.In other words D.To be honest
解析:选D。考查介词短语。句意:最后,我们勉强赢了比赛。说实话,最初我没想到我们有赢得比赛的机会。 A.On the whole大体来讲;B.As a consequence结果;C.In other words换句话说;D.To be honest说实话。根据句意选D。
8.(2015·浙江省金华十校模拟)________the shortage of time,the chairman decided that each candidate should finish the speech within 5 minutes.
A.In view of B.In contrast to
C.In terms of D.In preference to
解析:选A。考查介词短语。句意:考虑到时间不够,主持人决定每个参与者的演讲限定在5分钟内。in view of鉴于,考虑到;in contrast to与……相对照;in terms of依据;in preference to优于。根据题意选A。
9.(2016·宁波市十校联考)The disaster relief funds are already________so that people in the earthquake-stricken area can carry out reconstruction work without delay.
A.in place B.in demand
C.in order D.in vain
解析:选A。考查介词短语。句意:减灾资金已经准备好以便地震灾区的人们能毫不拖延地进行重建工作。A.in place合适,准备好;B.in demand 需要;C.in order有序;D.in vain徒劳。故选A。
10.(2015·温州市二模)The pollution in Beijing is expected to improve,________a series of air pollution control measures.
A.regardless of B.but for
C.thanks to D.such as
解析:选C。考查介词短语。句意:幸亏一系列的空气污染控制措施,北京的污染有待改善。A.regardless of不管;B.but for要不是;C.thanks to幸亏;D.such as好像。故选C。
[押题题组一]
1.The boy went swimming in the deep lake,________ his mother’s fear for his safety.
A.but for B.regardless of
C.apart from D.instead of
解析:选B。考查介词短语辨析。but for“要不是,如果没有”;regardless of“不顾,不管”;apart from“远离,除……之外,且不说”;instead of“代替,作为……的替换”。根据句意应选B项。
2.Mike is kind,determined and full of energy.________,I can’t speak too highly of him.
A.As a result B.In a word
C.By the way D.On the contrary
解析:选B。句意:麦克是一位善良,有决心并充满活力的人。总之,我怎么表扬他都不过分。in a word“总之”,符合句意。as a result“结果”;by the way“顺便说说”;on the contrary“相反”。
3.My boss made ________ clear that one in three of us will have to leave next month.
A.it B.us
C.that D.this
解析:选A。it 是形式宾语,代替后面的that从句。make it clear that...意思是“明确表示……,弄清楚……”。此句的意思是“我的老板明确表示下个月我们三人中的一人将不得不离开。”
4.—Shall I sit at this end of the boat or the other end?
—If you keep still,you can sit at ________end.
A.neither B.each
C.either D.any
解析:选C。either表示二者选一;each表示二者或二者以上中的每一个;neither表示“两者都不,也不”;any表示“任何一个”。
5.—It’s a lovely day,isn’t it?
—Yes.I love ________when the weather is like this.Why don’t we sit outside and have our lunch?
A.this B.that
C.it D.one
解析:选C。考查it作形式宾语的句型。动词love,like,hate,dislike,enjoy,prefer,appreciate等词后一般不能直接接句子,前面要加it,然后再接when或if引导的句子。
6. —Why not talk with your parents about your willingness to attend 2016 Peking University Summer Camp?
—I tried ________to get them to listen to me.
A.in time B.in vain
C.in need D.in case
解析:选B。句意:——为什么不告诉你的父母关于你愿意参加2016年北京大学夏令营的事?——我尽力说服他们听我的,但白费力气。in vain“白费力气,徒劳无益”,符合语境。in time“及时,迟早”;in need“在危难中”;in case“以防万一”。
7.One person was killed on the spot and three ________ received minor injuries.
A.ones B.another
C.others D.the others
解析:选C。句意:现场有一人被杀,其他三人受轻伤。three others在此处表示“其他三人,另外三人”,符合句意。ones 一般不用数词修饰;another和数词连用时,放在数词前面,the others也不用数词修饰。
8.—Lend me some more money,will you?
—Sorry,I’ve got ________at hand myself.You know the iPhone 6 cost me all I had just now.
A.nothing B.no one
C.none D.no
解析:选C。考查代词。答语的第二句提到iPhone 6花光了答话人所有的钱,由此可知答话人现在手头上没有钱,故用none,相当于no money。
9.—Have you finished your report?
—No,I’ll finish it in ________ ten minutes.
A.another B.other
C.more D.each
解析:选A。此处another表示“又……,再……”。根据语境可知,报告没有完成,再有10分钟才能完成,故答案为A项。
10.—Which tie would you prefer,the black tie or the red one,Sir?
—I’ll take ________ to have a change sometimes.
A.neither B.none
C.either D.both
解析:选D。根据对话中的“the black tie or the red one”和“have a change”可判断出“两者都要”,故答案为D项。
[押题题组二]
1.—Do you often talk with your friends on the telephone or mobile phone?
—________.I like using WeChat.
A.None B.Either
C.Any D.Neither
解析:选D。此处表示“我既不用电话也不用手机和朋友交谈,而是用微信”。neither表示“两者都不”,符合语意。
2.—Can we get everything ready by the weekend?
—It all depends on ________ we can get Mr.Green’s cooperation.
A.that B.what
C.whether D.if
解析:选C。答语句意:这取决于我们是否能得到格林先生的配合。介词on后跟宾语从句,从句中含有不确定因素,故用whether引导。if不能引导宾语从句。
3.I just choose a simpler lifestyle,________ where I can ride my bike all over and do not have to make a great living to survive.
A.that B.it
C.one D.another
解析:选C。考查代词。句意:我只是选择了一种更简单的生活方式,一种可以到处骑自行车,不必为生活奔忙的生活方式。one是a simpler lifestyle的同位语。
4.The doors here are really ________,all made of good wood like mahogany.
A.something B.anything
C.nothing D.everything
解析:选A。句意:这儿的门真是极品,全部由红木一类的优质木材制成。something在这里表示“想来重要(或值得注意)的事物”。
5.Tom told me that he needed a chair and that soon he found________.
A.it B.that
C.one D.the one
解析:选C。句意:汤姆告诉我他需要一把椅子,不久他就找到了一把。one 在此泛指同类事物中的一个。
6.—Which of the white shirts appeals to you most?
—________.I prefer a yellow one.
A.Neither B.None
C.All D.Both
解析:选B。句意:——你最喜欢哪一件白衬衫?——哪一件都不喜欢。我喜欢黄色的衬衫。从“I prefer a yellow one”可以看出答话者哪件白衬衫也不喜欢,根据“most”可知,这是三者或三者以上的比较,none表示三者及三者以上的否定。故选B。
7.It is important to know what colours look good ________ your skin before you buy clothes.
A.for B.upon
C.against D.with
解析:选C。句意:在购买衣服前,了解什么样的颜色衬你的肤色很重要。此处要用介词against表示“在……衬托下,以……为背景”。
8.Almost everyone is ________ bringing down the housing prices because they’re really too high now.
A.in favor of B.in charge of
C.in honor of D.in search of
解析:选A。句意:几乎每个人都赞同降低房价,因为它们现在确实太高了。in favor of“赞同,支持”;in charge of“负责,掌管”;in honor of“向……表示敬意”;in search of“搜寻”。根据句意可知选A。
9.The customer didn’t choose ________of the coats and went away without looking at a third one.
A.both B.all
C.any D.either
解析:选D。not与both、all连用为部分否定,与any、either连用为完全否定。根据后半句可知用完全否定且两件外套不可用any,故选D项。
10.Nick,it’s good for you to read some books ________ China before you start your trip there.
A.in B.for
C.of D.on
解析:选D。on 表示关于,some books on China意为“关于中国的一些书”。句意:Nick,你在去中国旅行之前最好读一些关于中国的书。

1.(2015·高考安徽卷,T33)They believe that there are transport developments ________ that will bring a lot of changes for the better.
A.out of date B.out of order
C.around the clock D.around the corner
解析:选D。考查介词短语。句意:他们相信交通的发展已经近在眼前了,那会带来很多更好的变化。around the corner的意思是“在附近;很快”,符合语境。out of date过时;out of order杂乱无章;around the clock昼夜不停地。
2.(2015·高考福建卷,T32)Human life is regarded as part of nature and,as such,the only way for us to survive is to live________nature.
A.in view of B.in need of
C.in touch with D.in harmony with
解析:选D。考查“in+名词+介词”型短语意义辨析。句意:人类生活被认为是自然的一部分,同样,我们存活下去的唯一的方法是和自然________。in view of鉴于,考虑到,由于;in need of需要;in touch with与……保持联络;in harmony with与……协调,与……一致,与……和谐。根据题干中的Human life is regarded as part of nature可知,人与自然应该和谐相处,故选D项。
3.(2015·高考湖北卷,T30)This meeting room is a non-smoking area.I would like to warn you ________ that if you smoked here you would be fined.
A.in advance B.in detail
C.in total D.in general
解析:选A。考查“in+名词”型短语意义辨析。句意:这个会议室是“无烟区”。我想________提醒你,如果你在这里吸烟,你就会被罚款。根据题干中that引导的宾语从句可知,说话者是在“提前”告诉对方这一事实,所以选择in advance。in detail详细地;in total总共;in general一般来说。
4.(2014·高考大纲全国卷,T28)I think Mrs.Stark could be ________ between 50 and 60 years of age.
A.anywhere B.anybody
C.anyhow D.anything
解析:选A。考查不定代词。句意:我认为斯塔克夫人可能在50到60岁之间。anywhere“在任何地方”;anybody“任何人”;anyhow“不管怎样,无论如何”;anything“任何事情”。实际上本题中含有固定搭配 anywhere between...and...,意为“数目在……之间,大约”。
5.(2014·高考江苏卷,T34)Good families are much to all their members,but ________ to none.
A.something B.anything
C.everything D.nothing
解析:选C。考查不定代词。句意:优秀的家庭对她的成员们来说意味着很多,但并不是一切(everything)。but表示转折关系,none相当于not...any...,故but everything to none可转化为:but they are not everything to any one of their members,属于部分否定。故选择C项。
6.(2014·高考浙江卷,T17)People won’t pay attention to you when they still have a lot of ideas of their own crying ________ expression.
A.from B.over
C.with D.for
解析:选D。考查介词。句意:当人们仍有许多自己的观点迫切需要表达时,他们是不会理会你的。由语境可知,此处要用介词for表示目的。其他三项均无此用法。
7.(2015·江苏南通二次调研)The campaign is________only partially successful,so we have to keep on working hard.
A.at last B.at latest
C.at least D.at best
解析:选D。句意:这场战役充其量仅仅取得阶段性成功,因此我们必须继续努力。at last最后;at latest最近;at least至少;at best充其量,最多。根据题干中的only partially判断。故选D。
8.(2015·启东中学调研测试)I think George left because he had lost his job or________.
A.nothing B.anything
C.something D.everything
解析:选C。考查代词。句意:我认为乔治离开是因为他丢失了他的工作或者其他的东西。A.nothing没什么;B.anything任何东西;C.something某事,某个东西;D.everything一切事情,一切东西。故选C。
9.(2015·江苏扬州中学质检)Studying Tom’s menu,I found that many of the items are similar to________of McDonald’s.
A.those B.ones
C.any D.all
解析:选A。考查代词。句意:研究一下Tom的菜单,我发现菜单中的许多都与麦当劳的相似。代词大多是用来代替上文中已出现过的名词,因此代词的选择应基于其所代名词的性质来进行。在本题中,根据句意,首先排除C和D选项,因为既然是many of the items就不可能are similar to any/all of McDonald’s。其次,其所代的名词是items,是McDonald的items,是特指,因此选A,those相当于the items。故选A。
10.(2015·苏、锡、常、镇四市调研一)Each misfortune you come across will carry in________the seed of tomorrow’s good luck.So hang on until you succeed.
A.one B.some
C.that D.it
解析:选D。考查代词。句意:你遭遇的每次不幸都是明天的好运的种子。因此坚持下去你就会成功的。the seed是carry的宾语,of tomorrow’s good luck是定语,修饰seed。in it是状语,其中it作in的宾语(不是形式宾语,更不是形式主语),指代misfortune。故判断选D。