课件57张PPT。专题7 情态动词和虚拟语气[考情分析]
情态动词用来表示说话人的情绪、态度或语气,在情景交际
和虚拟语气中得到广泛使用。情态动词为中学英语考试大纲
要求内容,并且是高考内容中的难点之一。其主要考点主要
集中在情态动词的基本意义及“情态动词+have done”结构的
用法。考点一 情态动词的基本用法1.(2015·高考北京卷,T29)—Can’t you stay a little longer?
—It’s getting late.I really ________ go now.My daughter is
home alone.
A.may B.can
C.must D.dare
解析:考查情态动词。句意:“难道你不能多待一会儿吗?”
“天晚了。我现在真的________走了。我女儿一个人在家.”由答语中空格所在句的前后句句意可知,此处指说话人觉得自己“必须”走了,故选must,所以答案为C。C2.(2015·高考浙江卷,T4)It was so noisy that we ________
hear ourselves speak.
A.couldn’t B.shouldn’t
C.mustn’t D.needn’t
解析:考查情态动词的基本用法。句意:这里如此吵闹以至
于我们听不见自己讲话。 couldn’t不能;shouldn’t 不应该;
mustn’t不准; needn’t 没有必要。由语境可知,此 处 表 示 “我们不能听见自己讲话”,因此选A项。A3.(2014·高考北京卷,T27)________I have a word with
you?It won’t take long.
A.Can B.Must
C.Shall D.Should
解析:考查情态动词的基本用法。句意:我能和你说句话
吗?不会花费太长时间的。can能够,用于含第一人称的问句中(Can/Could I...?)表示请求和许可;must必须;shall用于第一人称的问句中(Shall I/we...),用于提建议或要 求他 人 作决定的问句中;should应该。根据have a word with you可 知此处是在请求对方允许。A1.can和could的用法
(1)表示“能力”。
(2)表示理论上的可能性,“有时候可能会”,用于肯定
句中。
(3)表示礼貌地请求,意为“能,可以”。could可代替can,表示委婉的语气。
(4)cannot...too/enough表示“无论……也不过分”;“越……越好……”。
No one can be compared with Yao Ming in playing basketball.在打篮球方面,无人能与姚明相媲美。It is usually warm in my hometown in March,but it can be
rather cold sometimes.
我的家乡三月份通常很暖和,但有时候也会相当冷。
You can’t be too careful while driving.
开车时越小心越好。
—Could I use your bike tomorrow?
——明天我可以用一下你的自行车吗?
—Yes,you can./No,I’m afraid not.
——是的,你可以。/不,恐怕不行。2.may和might的用法
(1)表示允许、许可、请求,might比may的语气更委婉。
当may用于疑问句时,其否定回答:No,...mustn’t。
(2)may as well+动词原形“最好;倒不如……”。
—May I take this book out of the reading room?
——我可以把书拿出阅览室吗?
—No,you mustn’t.You read it in here.
——不,绝不可以。你在这儿读。
If you think the price of beef is too high,you may as well buy some pork.It depends on you.如果你认为牛肉太贵的话,你不妨买些猪肉。这由你自己决定。3.must的用法
(1)表示必要性,意为“必须”。当must用于疑问句时,其否定回答为:No,...needn’t/don’t have to。
(2)表示偏执,固执,意为“非得,偏要”。
—Must you interrupt now? Can’t you see I’m on the phone?——你一定要现在插话吗?难道你没有看到 我 正 在打电话吗?
—Sorry sir,but it’s urgent.
——抱歉,先生。但事情紧急。
You mustn’t park here!It’s an emergency exit.
你不可以在这儿停车!这是紧急出口处。—Must I give up smoking?——我必须戒烟吗?
—Yes,you must./No,you needn’t.
——是的,你必须。/不,你不必。
4.shall的用法
(1)用于第一、第三人称疑问句中,表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请示。
(2)用于第二、第三人称陈述句中,表示说话人 给对 方 的 命令、警告、允诺或威胁。
—Will you read me a story,Mummy?
——妈妈,给我讲个故事好吗?
—OK.You shall have one if you go to bed as soon as possible.——好的,如果你尽快上床睡觉我就给你讲一个。—What time shall I pick you up at your house tomorrow,sir?——先生,我明天什么时候到你家接你?
—I haven’t decided on the time.But I will call you.
——我还没有决定时间,但是我会给你打电话的。
5.should 的用法
(1)表示劝告和建议,意为“应该”。
(2)表示推测、可能性、预期,意为“应该;可能”。
(3)用于表示感情或意志等的that从句中,意为“竟然……;居然……”。There shouldn’t be any difficulty about passing the road test
since you have practiced a lot in the driving school.既然你在
驾校训练了那么多,通过路考应该没有什么困难。
I should go and visit him this afternoon,but I wonder if I
will be free.
今天下午我应该去看望他,但是我不知道我是否有空。
It seems unfair that this should happen to me.
真不公平,这件事竟然发生在我身上。6.will和would的用法
(1)表示意志或意愿。will指现在,would指过去。
(2)表示习惯性动作,意为“总是”,will指现在,would指过去.
(3)表示功能,意为“能,行”。
The door wouldn’t open,no matter how hard she pushed.
无论她怎么努力去推,这扇门就是打不开。
Days later,my brother called to say he was all right,but
wouldn’t say where he was.几天后,我哥哥打电话说他一切
都好,但不愿意说他在哪儿。
Every morning he will have a walk along this river.
每天早晨,他总是沿着这条小河散步。1.(2015·高考四川卷,T2)You ________ be careful with the
camera.It costs!
A.must B.may
C.can D.will
解析:考查情态动词的基本用法。句意:你千万要当心这 个相机。它价格不菲!从后面的It costs!可以推知说话者要 求“你”对相机“千万要小心”,此处表示必须, 因 此 要 用must。A2.(2014·高考大纲全国卷,T30)Although you ________
find bargains in London,it’s not generally a cheap place
to shop.
A.should B.need
C.must D.can
解析:考查情态动词的基本用法。 句意:虽然你________在伦敦找到便宜货,但那通常不是一个购物便宜的地方。can表示“可能”时尽管多用于否定句和疑问句中,但在肯定句 中可以表示“可能”,指客观上的可能性。由语境可知,此 处表示“你可能在伦敦找到便宜货”,指客观上的可能性, 故选择can。should应该;need需要;must必须,肯定。D考点二 情态动词表示推测1.(2015·高考陕西卷,T21)You ________ feel all the training a waste of time,but I’m a hundred percent sure later
you’ll be grateful you did it.
A.should B.need
C.shall D.may
解析:考查情态动词表推测的用法。句意:你________觉 得所有的训练都是浪费时间,但是我百分之百确定,你以后 会为你这么做了而心存感激的。should表示推测时指“按常 理应该……”;need意为“需要”,常用于否定句或疑问句D中;shall用于第二、三人称的陈述句,表示允诺、警告、
威胁等语气;may表示推测时指“可能,或许”。由句中的but及后一分句中的a hundred percent sure可知,此处表示语气不强烈的推测,故用may。2.(2015·高考重庆卷,T12)You ________ be Carol.
You haven’t changed a bit after all these years.
A.must B.can
C.will D.shall
解析:考查情态动词。句意:你________是卡萝尔。这么多年你一点都没有变化。根据后文的You haven’t changed a bit可知,说话者完全认出了卡萝尔,猜测的语气非常肯定,因此选择must,must用在肯定句中表示语气非常肯定的推测,意为“一定,想必”。can用在否定句中表示把握非常大的推测;will表意愿、倾向或临时决定做某事;shall用于第二人称表命令、威胁、警告、许诺。A只能用于肯定句中,意为“一定,必定”。用于疑问句中,意为“可能”;用于否定句中,意为“不可能”,语气很强烈。用于肯定句表示不十分肯定的推测,意为“有可能”;用于否定句中意为“可能不”,表示一种不太确定的语气。—You needn’t take an umbrella.It isn’t going to rain.
——你不需要带伞,不会下雨的。
—Well,I don’t know.It might do.
——哦,我不知道,或许会下雨。
It can’t be the postman at the door.It’s only six o’clock.
门口不可能是邮递员,(现在)才六点钟。
You must be hungry after the long walk.
走了这么远,你一定饿了。
Mr.Bush is on time for everything.How can/could it be that he was late for the meeting?
布什先生做什么事情都很准时。他怎么可能开会迟到呢?情态动词表示推测三步判断:(1)首先看是肯定句、否定句还是疑问句。肯定句中一般用must/may/might;否定句和疑问句中一般用can/could。(2)然后看是对什么时间的推测;表示对现在的推测用“情态动词+do”,表示对过去的推测用
“情态动词+have done”。(3)最后看句子语气的肯定程度,
must(十分肯定)>may(不太肯定)>could/might(可能性较小)。(2014·高考江西卷,单项填空,改编)Life is unpredictable;
even the poorest might become the richest.
生活是不可预料的,甚至最贫穷的可能变成最富有的。
(2015·安徽省示范高中第一次联考)—Look! There comes our
head teacher.——看!我们班主任来了。
—That can’t be him.He is in Indonesia.
——那一定不是他。他现在在印尼。1.(2016·浙江普通高考模拟)—The workshop next to the hotel was so noisy last night.
—You ________ a sleepless night.
A.must have had B.might have
C.should have had D.can have had
解析:句意:——昨晚跟宾馆挨着的工场噪音太大了。——你一定一夜没睡吧。“must+have done”表示对过去情况把握较大的肯定推测。A2.—Has Peter started out?He said he would go hiking
with us.
—He________.He is a man of his word.
A.could have started B.must have started
C.could start D.must start
解析:考查情态动词。句意:——Peter已经出发了吗?他说他会与我们一起去远足。——他肯定已经出发了。他是一 个信守诺言的人。根据“He is a man of his word.”可知,答 话人猜测Peter肯定已经动身了。“must+have done” 表示对过去情况的肯定猜测,符合语境。B考点三 情态动词+have done1.(2015·高考天津卷,T7)I ________ have worried before I came to the new school,for my classmates here are very
friendly to me.
A.mightn’t B.mustn’t
C.needn’t D.couldn’t
解析:考查情态动词的用法。句意:来新学校之前我本没 有必要担心,我这里的同班同学对我很友好。此处表示没有 必要,故用needn’t。needn’t have done本没必要做。mightn’t
have done可能没做过;没有mustn’t have done这一用法;
couldn’t have done不可能做过。C2.(2015·高考福建卷,T27)—Sorry,Mum!I failed the job interview again.
—Oh,it’s too bad.You ________ have made full
preparations.
A.must B.can
C.would D.should
解析:考查“情态动词+have done”的用法。句意:“对不
起,妈妈!我工作面试又失败了。”“哦,太糟糕了。你本
应该做充足的准备。”must have done一定已经做了,表示
对过去的肯定推测;can/would have done可能已经做了;
should have done本应该做(实际并未做)。根据句意可知
should符合语境,故答案为D项。D过去一定做过……(肯定句)过去不可能做过……(否定句)
过去可能做过……吗?(疑问句)本来能够做但却未做(肯定句)过去可能做过……(肯定句)
过去可能没有做过……(否定句)本来应该做但是实际上未做(肯定句)
本来不应该做而实际上做了(否定句)没必要做而做了(2014·高考陕西卷,语法和词汇知识,改编)My book,The House of Hales,is missing.Who could have taken it?
我的书《哈迪斯之屋》不见了。会是谁把它拿走了呢?
We could have faced the difficulty together,but why didn’t you tell me?
我们本来能够一起面对困难的,但是你为什么不告诉我呢?
Mark needn’t have hurried.After driving at top speed,he arrived half an hour early.马克本没有必要那么匆忙。
他以最快速度开车,结果早到了半个小时。I can’t find him anywhere.Where can he have gone?
任何地方都找不到他。他可能去哪里了?
It’s no use going to his house.He may not have gone home.
He may have gone somewhere else.
去他家没用。他可能没有回家,可能已经去了别的地方。1.—Why are your eyes so red? You ________ have slept well last night.
—Yeah,I stayed up late writing a report.
A.can’t B.mustn’t
C.needn’t D.won’t
解析:考查情态动词。句意:——你的眼睛为什么这么红?昨晚你不可能睡好觉。——是的,我熬夜写一篇报告。
can’t have done sth.表示对过去事情的推测,表示“不可能
做过某事”。A2.—How exciting!I drove my new car at speed of 120 kph
on Sunday morning.
—Were you crazy? You ________ yourself!
A.must have killed B.should have killed
C.might have killed D.need have killed
解析:此处表示“你疯了吗?你有可能会出事的”。might have done 表示对过去情况不太可能的推测。C考点四 虚拟语气在条件句中的应用1.(2015·高考北京卷,T34)If I ________ it with my own
eyes,I wouldn’t have believed it.
A.didn’t see B.weren’t seeing
C.wouldn’t see D.hadn’t seen
解析:考查虚拟语气。句意:如果我没亲眼看到,我不会相信那件事的。根据主句I wouldn’t have believed it可知,空格处所在句是用了与过去事实相反的虚拟语气,从句应用过去完成时态,所以答案为D。D2.(2014·高考北京卷,T34)We ________back in the hotel
now if you didn’t lose the map.
A.are B.were
C.will be D.would be
解析:考查虚拟语气。句意:如果你没有把地图丢了的话,
我们现在就回到旅馆了。根据语境可知此处表示与现在事实
相反的情况,为虚拟语气。表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气
句式结构:if非真实条件句用一般过去时态,主句用
“would/could/should/might+动词原形”。故选D项。D3.(2014·高考湖南卷,T22)If Mr.Dewey ________ present,
he would have offered any possible assistance to the people
there.
A.were B.had been
C.should be D.was
解析:考查虚拟语气。句意:要是杜威先生当时在场的话,
他就会给那儿的人提供任何可能的帮助。根据本句中的he
would have offered可知,这里是表示与过去事实相反的虚拟
语气,所以从句应用过去完成时。与过去事实相反的虚拟语
气的句子结构是:主句谓语用“would/could/should/might
have done”,从句谓语用had done。B从句谓语动词:过去时(be用were)
主句谓语动词:should/would/could/might+do从句谓语动词:had+过去分词
主句谓语动词:should/would/could/might+have done从句谓语动词:过去时/were+to do/should+do
主句谓语动词:should/would/could/might+do如果在表示虚拟语气的条件句中含有were,
had或should,可将if省略,然后将were,had或should移至主语之前。有时条件句的动作与主句动作发生的时间不一致,这时动词的形式应根据它们表示的时间加以调整。有时假设的情况并不以条件从句表示,而是由otherwise,but,or,without,but for等来引导。I should not have laughed if I had thought you were serious.
如果我当时认为你是认真的,我就不会笑了。
Sorry,I am too busy now.If I had time,I would certainly go for an outing with you.很抱歉,我现在非常忙。若我有时
间,我将一定与你外出郊游。
Grace doesn’t want to move to New York because she thinks
if she were to live there,she wouldn’t be able to see her
parents very often.
Grace不想搬到纽约,因为她想如果要是住那里,她将不可
能经常地见到她的父母。I would have come sooner but I didn’t know that they were waiting for me.我本该早一些到,但我不知道他们在等我。
(2014·高考天津卷,单项填空,改编)Had he caught the
morning train,he would not have been late for the meeting.如果他赶上了早上的火车,他开会就不会迟到了。
如果在表示虚拟语气的条件句中含有were,had或should,可将if省略,然后将were,had或should移至主语之前。1.(2015·高考安徽卷,T32)It is lucky we booked a room,or we ________ nowhere to stay now.
A.had B.had had
C.would have D.would have had
解析:考查虚拟语气。句意:很幸运,我们订了个房间,否则我们现在就无处安身了。本题考查了虚拟语气在含蓄条件句中的运用,条件句部分在or中体现,相当于If we hadn’t
booked a room,we would have nowhere to stay now.(主句是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气)。C2.(2014·高考福建卷,T32)________no modern
telecommunications,we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world.
A.Were there B.Had there been
C.If there are D.If there have been
解析:考查虚拟语气中的倒装句。句意:要不是现代化的电讯,我们就不得不等好几个星期才能得到来自世界各地的消息。根据主句中的关键词would have to以及句意可知,这是一个与现在事实相反的虚拟语气,从句应用一般过去时,即if there were...。当if从句中有were,had或should时,可将if省略,同时将were,had或should提到主语前构成部分倒装,
所以选A项。A3.(2014·高考浙江卷,T16)They were abroad during the
months when we were carrying out the investigation,or they ________ to our help.
A.would have come B.could come
C.have come D.had come
解析:考查虚拟语气。句意:我们进行调研的那几个月期间他们出国了,要不然的话,他们就会来帮助我们了。由关键信息or可知,此处是隐含的虚拟条件句,or相当于 if they
hadn’t been abroad。这是在叙述与过去事实相反的情况,
因此这里谓语动词用would have done,故A项正确。A4.If we________ a table earlier,we couldn’t be standing
here in a queue.
A.have booked B.booked
C.book D.had booked
解析:考查虚拟语气。句意:如果我们早点儿预订了餐桌,
(现在)就不必在这儿站着排队等候了。本句是混合虚拟语
气,从句是对过去情况的假设,主句是对现在情况的虚拟,
故从句用过去完成时。D考点五 虚拟语气在其他从句中的应用1.(2015·高考陕西卷,T23)Ellen is a fantastic dancer.I wish I ________ as well as her.
A.dance
B.will dance
C.had danced
D.dancedD解析:考查虚拟语气。句意:埃伦是一位了不起的舞蹈家。要是我能跳得像她一样好那该有多好啊。I wish后接从句,从句用虚拟语气。叙述与现在事实相反的情况时,谓语动 词 用过去式(be用were);叙述与将来事实相反的情况时,谓 语 动词用could/should/would/might do;叙述与过去事实相反的情况时,谓语动词用had done。由语境可知,此处叙述 的 是与 现在事实相反的情况,故谓语动词用过去式,选D项。2.(2014·高考重庆卷,T13)It was John who broke the
window.Why are you talking to me as if I________ it?
A.had done B.have done
C.did D.am doing
解析:考查虚拟语气。句意:打破窗户的是约翰。为什么你
说得好像是我打破的似的?根据第一句话可知,打破窗户的
人并非“我”,故此处应该用虚拟语气,表示与事实相反。
根据broke可知这件事情发生在过去,故用过去完成时态,表
示与过去事实相反。一般过去时态表示与现在的事实相反,
故排除C项。B、D两项都不表示虚拟语气。A3.(2014·高考陕西卷,T23)We would rather our daughter ________ at home with us,but it is her choice,and she is not a child any longer.
A.would stay B.has stayed
C.stayed D.stay
解析:考查虚拟语气。句意:我们宁愿我们的女儿和我们一起待在家里,但是那是她的选择,她已经不再是一个小孩 子了。would rather后接that从句时,要用虚拟语气,如果与现在或将来事实相反,从句用一般过去时态;如果与过去事 实相反,从句用过去完成时.根据后面的it is her choice可以 判 断这件事情还没发生,因而从句用一般过去时,所以选择C项。C表示要求,命令,建议,请求等意义的词后接宾语从句和同位语从句,以及与这些词有关的表语从句中的谓语动词用“(should+)动词原形”。常见的动词:
suggest,advise,order,require,demand,propose,
command,request,insist,recommend,以及这些词的名词形式。注意:当suggest作“暗示,表明”,
insist作“坚持认为”时,从句要用陈述语气。wish后的宾语从句中的谓语可用一般过去时、过去完成时和should/would+动词原形,它们分别表示与现在、过去和将来情况相反。It is (high)time(that)...句型中谓语动词用一般过去时或should+动词原形。would rather所接的从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时(对现在虚拟)或者过去完成时(对过去虚拟)。if only后面的谓语动词常用一般过去时(对现在虚
拟)、过去完成时(对过去虚拟)与过去将来时(对将来虚拟),表示强烈的愿望。as if/as though 引导的方式状语从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时(与现在的事实相反)、过去完成时(与过去的事实相反)、could/might/would+动词原形(与将来事实相反)。My mom suggests that we should eat out for a change this
weekend.
我的母亲建议我们这个周末出去吃饭,换换口味。
—Where are the children? The dinner’s going to be completely ruined.
——孩子们在哪里?再这么等下去,这顿饭就吃不好了。
—I wish they weren’t always late.
——我希望他们不要老是吃饭不准时。The young man insisted that he did nothing wrong and should be set free at once.
这个年轻人坚持认为他没有做错,应该马上被释放。
Look at the trouble we are in.If only we had taken our teacher’s advice!看看我们所处的困境,要是我们当初听从
老师的建议该多好!1.Eye doctors recommend that a child’s first eye exam
________ at the age of six months old.
A.was B.be
C.were D.is
解析:考查虚拟语气。此处考查的是recommend后面宾语从
句中的虚拟语气,根据语法规则可知,从句中谓语应用
“should+动词原形”,其中should可以省略,选B项。B2.Don’t handle the vase as if it ______ made of steel.
A.is B.were
C.has been D.had been
解析:考查虚拟语气。句意:不要这么拿着这个花瓶,就好像它是用钢制成的似的。as if表示“似乎,好像”,引导的从句通常用虚拟语气,再结合主句的时态可知是对现在事实的虚拟,所以用一般过去时were。B本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放
[模拟题组一]
1.—How about your trip to Hawaii?
—Wonderful! I________have enjoyed myself more.
A.shouldn’t B.needn’t
C.couldn’t D.wouldn’t
解析:选C。考查情态动词。根据“Wonderful”可知,此处意为“我不可能过得比那更愉快了”,暗指当时过得最愉快。“can’t/couldn’t...+比较级”可表达最高级含义,故选C项。
2.(2015·浙江金丽衢十二校联考)But for the encouraging cheers from the audience,our team________such an important match.
A.shouldn’t have won B.mustn’t have won
C.needn’t have won D.couldn’t have won
解析:选D。考查虚拟语气。句意:要不是观众们鼓励性的欢呼,我们队不可能赢得这么重要的比赛。根据该句中的“But for”可知,此处应用虚拟语气,表示与过去事实相反,再结合句意可知,应用couldn’t have won。
3.(2015·浙江名校联盟联考)You________so much cash with you,you know—that shop accepted checks.
A.couldn’t have taken B.wouldn’t have taken
C.shouldn’t have taken D.needn’t have taken
解析:选D。考查情态动词。句意:你本没必要带这么多现金的,你知道那家店接受支票。needn’t have done表示“本没必要做某事”,符合句意。故答案为D项。
4.Sometimes smiles around the world________be false,hiding other feelings like anger,fear or worry.
A.can B.would
C.should D.must
解析:选A。考查情态动词。句意:世界各地的微笑有时候未必都是真的,它可能隐藏着其他诸如愤怒、恐惧或担心之类的情感。情态动词can可以表示理论上的可能性,意为“有时候会”。
5.—Who________ it be that left the door unlocked?
—It might be Mike.He is always forgetting things.
A.would B.should
C.must D.could
解析:选D。句意:——会是谁没锁门呢?——可能是迈克,因为他总是忘事。could表示推测时,常用于否定句或疑问句中,故选D。
6.But for those interruptions,the meeting ________ half an hour ago.
A.was finished B.would have finished
C.would finish D.had been finished
解析:选B。考查含蓄虚拟语气。句意:要不是那些中断,这场会议在半小时前就结束了。根据句意及时间状语half an hour ago可知设空处与过去事实相反,故选B。
7.The upset mother thought to herself,“If only I ________ what’s going on in my little boy’s head right now.”
A.had known B.know
C.knew D.have known
解析:选C。考查虚拟语气。if only 表示“要是……就好了”,谓语动词应使用虚拟语气,根据right now可知,此处表示对现在的虚拟,故谓语动词用一般过去时。
8.If you had listened to me,we________at the party.Move over.I’ll drive.
A.are B.were
C.would be D.would have been
解析:选C。考查虚拟语气。句意:要是当初你听我的,那么我们现在就在聚会现场了。你挪过去,我来开车。if从句表示与过去事实相反的假设,而本空表示与现在的实际情况相反的假设,说话人此时还在路上,因此选C项。
9.—Well,I missed the early train to Suzhou.
—But had you hurried,you________.
A.shouldn’t B.hadn’t had
C.wouldn’t D.wouldn’t have
解析:选D。考查虚拟语气。句意:——哎呀,我错过了去苏州的早班火车。——可你若抓紧时间的话,你就不会误车了。had you hurried等于if you had hurried,表示对过去的虚拟,故主句用would have done形式,所以选D。
10.—Tell me your secret.
—I ________.It wouldn’t be a secret if I told you.
A.won’t B.needn’t
C.mightn’t D.couldn’t
解析:选A。考查情态动词。句意:——把你的秘密告诉我吧。——我不会告诉你的。如果告诉你了,这就不是秘密了。这里表示说话人的意愿,故用won’t。
[模拟题组二]
1.(2015·浙江省高三第二次五校联考)—Can I go now,sir?
—If you________leave,do it quietly.
A.will B.may
C.shall D.must
解析:选D。考查情态动词的用法。句意:——先生,我可以走吗?——如果你必须离开,悄悄地走。will愿意,将要;may可能;shall将要;must必须,一定。故选D。
2.(2015·浙江省高三第二次五校联考)That night,trapped alone in the mountain,she felt cold,hungry and scared.She________.
A.should have cried B.might cry
C.would cry D.could have cried
解析:选D。考查情态动词与完成时连用的用法。句意:那夜,被单独困在山中,她感到又冷又饿又害怕。她本来能够哭出来。根据语境是过去时,应用情态动词与完成时连用。should have cried没有做应该做的事情;could have done没有做本来能够做的事情。故选D。
3.When he was there,he________go to that coffee shop at the street corner after work every day.
A.would B.should
C.had better D.might
解析:选A。would可用来表示过去经常性、习惯性的动作。句意:当他在那儿时,他每天下班后都经常到街道拐角处的咖啡店。故选A。
4. —Why didn’t you put your cellphone in your overcoat pocket?
—I________,but I was afraid it would be stolen.
A.had put B.put
C.would have D.could have
解析:选C。由语境可知,答话人本来想把手机放在大衣口袋里,但害怕被偷,所以未放。would have done表示本想做,但未做。故选C。
5.If he________that he________to work there,everything would be OK now.
A.insisted;be sent
B.insisted;was sent
C.had insisted;be sent
D.had insisted;was sent
解析:选C。考查虚拟语气在insist从句中的用法。若insist表示“坚持要求做某事”从句中应用should+v.,should可省略;若insist表示“坚持说,坚持认为”则从句需根据句意选择合适的时态。本句句意为:如果他坚持要求被派往那儿的话,现在一切都好了。事实上并非如此。故选C。
6.—Without your help,we________this task on time.
—My pleasure.
A.don’t finish
B.will not finish
C.didn’t finish
D.would not have finished
解析:选D。without,but for;要没有……,相当于if从句。本句可改为if you hadn’t helped us,we________this task on time。这是与过去事实相反的句子。选D。
7.—Has your friend passed the test?
—Sorry,I’m not sure.He ________.I haven’t heard from him for two weeks.
A.must have B.can’t have
C.would have D.might have
解析:选D。根据句中的“I’m not sure”可知,答话人对这件事情没有很大的把握,且问句用的是完成时,这说明pass这一动作可能已经发生,故用might have done表示对已经发生的事情的推测。done在答句中被省略。
8.I would rather ________ to work after my graduation,but my father would rather I ________ abroad for further education.
A.go;had gone B.go;went
C.went;went D.went;will go
解析:选B。句意:我愿意毕业后参加工作,但我父亲却愿意我出国进修。“would rather+动词原形”表示:愿意现在或将来做某事,故第一空用动词原形;在“would rather+ that从句”句型中,that从句的谓语动词用一般过去时表示现在或将来的假设;用过去完成时表示过去的假设,故选B。
9.—The deadline is drawing,but I failed to challenge the task a third time.
—________ my brother have a try?
A.Will B.May
C.Shall D.Must
解析:选C。句意:——截止日期就要临近了,但我挑战那项任务又失败了。——让我的弟弟试试好吗?shall用于第一、三人称的疑问句中表示请求对方的许可。故选C。
10.Jack,look! Everybody is doing homework quietly.________ you make a noise in class?
A.Could B.Shall
C.Will D.Must
解析:选D。句意:杰克,你看看!大家都在静静地做家庭作业。你非要在课堂上制造噪音吗?must“偏要,非要”,符合句意,故选D。
[押题题组一]
1.It is required by the rules that students ________ get grades not lower than 85 in any subject in order to get the scholarship.
A.will B.may
C.shall D.would
解析:选C。考查情态动词。句意:根据规定,学生如果想拿奖学金,任一单科成绩不得低于85分。shall用于第三人称,在条约、规定、法令等文件中表示义务或规定,意为“应,必须”。
2.Visit the old man this afternoon?If you ________,make sure you wear sunscreens to protect your skin.
A.must B.can
C.may D.shall
解析:选A。考查情态动词。句意:今天下午去看望那个老人?如果你一定要去,请务必涂上防晒油以保护你的皮肤。if you must(do sth.)(表示虽不赞同但可允许)如果你一定要(那么做),故选must。
3.—Did you meet with the famous actress,Yang Mi?
—________I had come here earlier!
A.If only B.If not
C.But for D.For fear
解析:选A。If only:要是……该多好啊,用以表示对现在或未来的愿望,结构为:If only+sb.+did/情态动词+v.;亦可表示与过去事实相反的愿望,结构为If only+sb.+had done;我未见到著名演员杨幂,要是我早点来该多好啊!“未见到”是过去的事情。故选A。
4.—________it be Tom that stole the manager’s mobile phone?
—No.As far as I know,Tom is very honest.
A.May B.Can
C.Must D.Should
解析:选B。考查情态动词表示推测的用法。can可用于否定句或疑问句中表示推测;must表推测时一般用于肯定的陈述句中;may和should表推测时不用于疑问句中。根据语境可知,B项正确。句意:——有可能是Tom偷了经理的手机吗?——不可能。就我所知,汤姆是非常诚实的。
5.—Why wasn’t John hired for the job ?
—I don’t know,but he________.
A.was B.had been
C.should have D.should have been
解析:选D。考查情态动词。上一句意为:为什么John没有被雇佣?下一句意为:我不知道,但是他……。根据句意,选择D最为恰当,意为他本该会被雇佣,隐含意思为他并没有被雇佣,正好符合上一句句意。
6.He________ the job well,but he ________so careless.
A.had done;had been B.could do;was
C.could have done;was D.hadn’t done;had been
解析:选C。句意:他本来能够做好那工作,但他太粗心了。答题的关键在于抓住句中的but,but后面的句子是对过去事实的陈述,应用一般过去时;前面的句子则表示“本来能够……”,是对过去事情的推断,因此应用could have done。
7.—Are you absent from the meeting?
—Yes,who________it would rain!
A.has thought B.had thought
C.was thinking D.would have thought
解析:选D。考查情态动词及虚拟语气的用法。句意:——你没去开会?——没有,谁会想到天会下雨呢!
8.—Mr.Smith,can I hand in my composition tomorrow morning?
—Forget it.I’d rather you ________ it to me this afternoon.
A.can finish B.have finished
C.would finish D.finished
解析:选D。考查虚拟语气。would rather后的句子应使用虚拟语气,根据this afternoon可知此处表示与将来事实相反,故从句用一般过去时。would rather后从句用一般过去时表示与现在或将来事实相反,用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反。
9.________more energy to my study instead of being crazy about Internet games,I would be sitting in a comfortable office now.
A.If I devoted B.Had I devoted
C.Would I be devoted D.Should I be devoted
解析:选B。考查错综虚拟句。此处主句用过去完成时,表示与过去的事实相反,如果省略if要用倒装句;从句用“would+动词原形”的形式,表示与现在的事实相反。
10.But for the help of my English teacher,I ________ the first prize in the 2015 English Writing Competition.
A.would not win B.would not have won
C.would win D.would have won
解析:选B。此处虚拟语气表示与过去事实相反,句子谓语动词用would/should/could/might+have done结构,根据句意要用否定含义,故选B。本句的条件是由介词短语(but for)表达的。
[押题题组二]
1.It is a rule that public schools ________ provide adequate and safe sports facilities.
A.must B.will
C.shall D.can
解析:选C。考查情态动词。shall用于第三人称时,在条约、规定、法令等文件中表示义务或规定,意为“应,必须”。
2.It seemed that our nursery rhymes ________ some magic because all the nights I sang them for my daughter,she would listen to them with keen pleasure.
A.must have had B.should have had
C.could have had D.need have had
解析:选A。考查情态动词。句意:看来我们的儿歌一定有种魔力,因为每天晚上我为女儿唱时,她都听得津津有味。must have done是对过去的事情的肯定推测,表示“肯定,一定”。
3.It sounds like a wonderful match.How I wish I________it like you.
A.watch B.have watched
C.would watch D.had watched
解析:选D。考查虚拟语气。从句动词为过去式,表示目前未能实现的愿望。从句动词为过去完成时,表示过去未能实现的愿望。这是对过去事情的希望。句意:这听起来是一场很棒的比赛,我多希望我和你一样之前就看过比赛了。故选D。
4.It’s suggested in the report that government expenses ________ to increase teachers’ salaries in 2015.
A.be reduced B.were reduced
C.will be reduced D.do reduce
解析:选A。考查虚拟语气。句意:报告中有人建议2015年降低政府开支,提高教师工资。suggest表示“建议”时,其名词性从句中的谓语动词用“(should+)动词原形”,此处的reduce与government expenses之间存在动宾关系,故用被动语态。
5.He________better last night,but he was a little nervous and didn’t reach his best standard.
A.could perform B.must have performed
C.should perform D.could have performed
解析:选D。考查虚拟语气。含蓄条件句,but表转折,表示与过去事实相反,主句使用“情态动词+have done”。must have done表示对过去的肯定推测,could have done表示在过去本来能做某事。句意:他昨晚本来能表演得更好,但他有点紧张,未能发挥他最好的水平。故选D。
6.Most of the big hotels were full at this time of the year,but finally we ________ find a room in a small guest house near the station.
A.ought to B.could
C.were able to D.might
解析:选C。考查情态动词的基本用法。句意:在每年的这个季节大部分旅馆都是满的,但我们最后还是在车站附近的一个小宾馆里找到了一个房间。该情景展示的是“过去通过努力而做成了某事”的意思,而could“能够”,强调能力,没有此意义。ought to“应该”,might“可以”,均不符合句意。
7.—I called you at 9 last night,but no one answered.
—Sorry,I ________ sleeping.I went to bed very early.
A.need have been B.would have been
C.must have been D.should have been
解析:选C。根据答语中的“I went to bed very early”可知,此处为肯定推测,用must,表示问话人打电话时,答话人一定正在睡觉。must have done表示过去肯定做了某事。
8.________ for the free vegetables,women workers would not have gone to the supermarket so often.
A.If it is not B.Were it not
C.Had it not been D.If they were not
解析:选C。考查虚拟语气。根据题干中的would not have gone to可知,本句话是对过去事情的虚拟,所以,从句中谓语应用had done的形式;同时,在if条件句中表示虚拟语气时,经常将if省略,而把从句中的had,were或should提前。故选C。
9.—Where is Mick? I cannot find him anywhere.
—He ________ have been off long.I heard him make a call in the passage just now.
A.shouldn’t B.can’t
C.mustn’t D.needn’t
解析:选B。句意:——Mick在哪里?我到处都找不到他。——他不可能出去很久,刚才我还听到他在走廊里打电话。用can’t have done表示对过去发生的事情的否定推测。
10.Frequent quarrels between my parents are nearly driving me crazy.If only I ________a warm and harmonious family!
A.have B.will have
C.had D.had had
解析:选C。考查虚拟语气在特殊句式中的运用。句意:父母之间频繁的吵架几乎让我崩溃。要是我有一个温暖和谐的家庭该多好啊!if only表示一个强烈的感叹“要是……就好了”,表示对现在愿望的虚拟,从句常用一般过去时。故选C。
1.(2015·高考天津卷,T13)I wish I ________ at my sister’s wedding last Tuesday,but I was on a business trip in New York then.
A.will be B.would be
C.have been D.had been
解析:选D。考查虚拟语气。句意:要是我上周二参加了我姐姐的婚礼那该有多好啊,但是当时我在纽约出差。I wish后接从句时,从句用虚拟语气。表示与现在事实相反,谓语动词用过去式(be用were);表示与将来事实相反,谓语动词用could/would do;表示与过去事实相反,谓语动词用had done。由空后的but I was on a business trip in New York then可知,此处表示与过去事实相反,故谓语动词用had been。
2.(2015·高考重庆卷,T7)Without his wartime experiences,Hemingway ________ his famous novel A Farewell to Arms.
A.didn’t write B.hadn’t written
C.wouldn’t write D.wouldn’t have written
解析:选D。考查含蓄虚拟语气。句意:假如没有战时的那些经历,海明威就不会写出他的著名小说《永别了,武器》。当句中出现without,but for,otherwise等词时,句子的谓语动词用过去将来时(表示与现在或将来相反的情况),或用过去将来完成时(表示与过去相反的情况),本题很显然是与过去的情况相反,因此选择D项。
3.(2014·高考湖南卷,T25)—I’ve prepared all kinds of food for the picnic.
—Do you mean we________ bring anything with us?
A.can’t B.mustn’t
C.shan’t D.needn’t
解析:选D。考查情态动词。句意:——我已经为这次野餐准备了各种各样的食物。——你的意思就是我们没有必要带任何东西了是吗?根据前者所说的all kinds of food可知,其已为本次野餐做了充分的准备,所以后者用反问的语气表示自己就没有必要(needn’t)再做准备了。can’t意为“不可能,不能”;mustn’t表示禁止;shan’t表示将来。
4.(2014·高考重庆卷,T3)I’ve ordered some pizza,so we ________ worry about cooking when we get home tired.
A.can’t B.dare not
C.needn’t D.may not
解析:选C。考查情态动词的基本用法。句意:我已经要了一些比萨,因此当我们疲惫不堪地到家时,不必担心做饭的事情。can’t“不能”;dare not“不敢”;needn’t“不必”;may not“可能不”。根据前一分句I’ve ordered some pizza(我已经要了一些比萨)可知已经准备好了吃的东西,所以没有必要(needn’t)担心做饭的事情,故C项符合语境。
5.(2014·高考安徽卷,T30)People are recycling many things which they ________away in the past.
A.had thrown B.will be throwing
C.were throwing D.would have thrown
解析:选D。考查虚拟语气。句意:现在人们回收利用很多东西,而过去他们会将这些东西扔掉。本题难度较大,因为其中的虚拟条件是通过语境“People are recycling many things”含蓄表达的。根据in the past可知,这里说的是过去的情况,对过去情况的推测或评说应使用“情态动词+完成时”。故选D项。
6.—Do you think George has passed the driving test?
—No.If so,he________ his car to our college yesterday.
A.would drive B.drove
C.would have driven D.had driven
解析:选C。考查虚拟语气。句意:——你认为George通过驾照考试了吗?——没有。如果通过的话,昨天他就会开车来我们大学了。结合语境可知此处表示与过去事实相反,主句应用would/should/might/could have done结构。故选C。
7.If he had spent more time practicing speaking English before,he ________able to speak it much better now.
A.will be B.would be
C.has been D.would have been
解析:选B。考查虚拟语气。句意:如果他以前花费更多的时间练习英语口语的话,他现在就能说得更好。此题考查混合条件句中的虚拟语气,根据语境和时间状语可知,从句是对过去情况的虚拟,主句是对现在情况的虚拟,故选B。
8.No one________ be more generous;he has a heart of gold.
A.could B.must
C.dare D.need
解析:选A。考查情态动词。句意:谁也没他慷慨;他有一颗金子般的心。could“可能”;must“必须”;dare“胆敢,敢于”;need“需要”。根据句意可知应选A。
9.I ________to my cousin’s birthday party last night,but I was not available.
A.went B.had gone
C.would go D.would have gone
解析:选D。考查虚拟语气。句意:昨晚我本想要去参加我表兄的生日聚会,但我没空。选项中能表示对过去虚拟的只有D答案:用情态动词过去式后加have done表示。
10.Harry is feeling uncomfortable. He ________ too much at the party last night.
A.could drink B.should drink
C.would have drunk D.must have drunk
解析:选D。考查情态动词。根据空格后面的last night可知,Harry喝酒一事是过去的事情,结合语境可知此处表示对过去的事情的肯定推测,应该用must have done结构。