课件54张PPT。专题1 名词和冠词[考情分析]
单项填空题对名词的考查主要包括名词的辨析、单复数、名
词的固定搭配、名词的格、名词在特殊语境中的应用、名词
的熟词生义以及名词与冠词搭配使用的情况等。冠词多考查
冠词的基本用法。掌握名词和冠词的用法显得尤为重要。考点一 名词词义辨析1.(2015·高考江苏卷,T35)—Go and say sorry to your
Mom,Dave.
—I’d like to,but I’m afraid she won’t be happy with my
________.
A.requests B.excuses
C.apologies D.regretsC解析:考查语境选词。句意:“去向你妈妈道歉,戴
夫。”“我想去,但我担心她对我的道歉不满意。
”request要求,请求;excuse理由,借口;apology道歉,致歉;regret懊悔,遗憾。根据前面的say sorry“道歉”
判断选C项。
2.(2015·高考浙江卷,T15)One of the most effective ways to reduce ________ is to talk about feelings with someone you
trust.
A.production B.stress
C.energy D.power
解析:考查语境选词。句意:减少________最有效的方式之一就是与你信任的人聊聊感受。与信任的人聊感受可以减少“压力(stress)”。production生产;energy能源,能量;
power权力,影响力,均与语境不符。B名词词义辨析主要考查考生对基本词汇的掌握程度和名词在
具体语境中的运用。常见考查形式有:异义词辨析、同义词
辨析和近义词辨析。在做题时,先弄清题中每个名词的意义
及用法,然后根据语境选择符合句意的名词。
常考的几组名词辨析有:
1.cause,reason,excuse
2.award,reward,prize
3.sight,view,scene,scenery4.anger,rudeness,regret,panic
5.condition,situation,state,position
6.reputation,influence,impression,attention
7.expectation,reputation,contribution,civilization
8.accommodation,occupation,adaptation,appreciation常用名词的熟义和生义失败;故障衰弱,减退表演,演出表现;成绩体力,力量优势,长处点;要点;地点意义荣誉;信用尊重形式表格原因事业实践;练习惯例,常规做法知识知道,了解1.(2016·江苏四市调研测试)Never lie to your friends and,
you know,honesty and trust are the________of true
friendship.
A.distinction B.acquisition
C.foundation D.fun_ction
解析:考查名词辨析。句意:永远不要向你的朋友们撒谎,
并且你知道,诚实和信任是真诚友谊的基础
distinction差别,对比;acquisition获得,得到;foundation
基础,基石;fun_ction功能。根据题干中的关键词honesty,
trust与friendship判断选C。C2.(2016·浙江五校联考)Jack,to his________,refused to get involved although his friends insisted on his trying the drug.
A.preference B.surprise
C.credit D.opinion
解析:考查名词辨析。句意:杰克值得表扬的是,尽管朋友坚持让他尝试毒品,但他拒绝尝试。preference喜欢;
surprise吃惊;credit依赖;opinion建议。to one’s credit值得赞扬的是,故选C项。C考点二 名词的搭配1.(2015·高考江苏卷,T32)Some schools will have to make
________ in agreement with the national soccer reform.
A.judgments
B.adjustments
C.comments
D.achievementsB解析:考查语境选词。句意:一些学校将不得不做出调整,
以便和国家足球改革保持一致。judgment评价,看法;
adjustment调整,适应;comment评论,议论;achievement
成就,成绩。既然要和国家足球改革保持一致(in agreement
with the national soccer reform),那么就应该做出调整
(make adjustments),故选B项。2.(2014·高考江苏卷,T24)Tom always goes jogging in the
morning and he usually does push-ups too to stay
________.
A.in place B.in order
C.in shape D.in fashion
解析:考查短语辨析。句意:汤姆总是在早晨慢跑,他通常
也做俯卧撑来保持身体健康。in place“在适当的位置,在正
确的位置,适当的,恰当的”;in order“整齐,秩序井
然”;in shape“健康状况良好”;in fashion“流行”。根
据题干中的goes jogging(慢跑)和does push-ups(做俯卧撑)可
知,是为了保持健康(stay in shape)。C高考考查名词构成的固定搭配主要有两类:“介词+名词”
和“动词+名词”。常考的名词短语:
(1)out of one’s reach 在某人够不到的地方
beyond recognition 无法辨认
in great demand 需求量很大
in progress 在进行中
out of question 不成问题;无疑
of great value(=very valuable) 非常有价值的
(2)have/gain access to 可以获得
gain/have an advantage over 胜过,优于take advantage of 利用,趁……之机
pay attention to 注意
make the best of 充分利用,妥善处理
find fault with 挑……的错;吹毛求疵
keep pace with 与……同步
put an end to 结束……
take notice of 注意到
take...into account 考虑……
catch sight of 看见
have a good reputation 有个好名声
make a difference 有影响;有关系1.(2015·高考湖北卷,T21)When he was running after his
brother,the boy lost his ________ and had a bad fall.
A.balance B.chance
C.memory D.Place
解析:考查语境选词。句意:当这个男孩追赶弟弟的时候,
他失去了平衡,狠狠地摔了一跤。根据句中的had a bad fall
可知,这个男孩之所以摔倒是因为失去了平衡,lose one’s
balance意为“失去平衡”。 chance机会;memory记忆;
place地方。A2.(2015·高考浙江卷,T10)Most people work because it’s
unavoidable.________,there are some people who actually
enjoy work.
A.As a result B.In addition
C.By contrast D.In conclusion
解析:考查语境选词。句意:大多数人工作因为这是不可避
免的。________有一些人确实喜欢工作。 as a result结果,前
后表示因果关系;in addition 况且,除此之外,前后表示递
进关系; by contrast相比之下,表示前后对比; in
conclusion总之,表示总结。由语境可知,此处表示前后对
比,用by contrast,故C项正确。C考点三 抽象名词具体化(高考山东卷,T29)Being able to afford ________drink would
be ________comfort in those tough times.
A.the;the B.a;a
C.a;不填 D.不填;a
解析:不可数名词可以和不定冠词连用,表示名词的具体化.
句中的a drink表示“一杯饮料”,后面的a comfort表示“慰
藉者,安慰的事”。句意:在那些难熬的时光中,能买得起
一杯饮料是一个莫大的安慰。B抽象名词是表示状态、品质、情感等的名词,通常不与不定
冠词连用。但是,当这些抽象名词表示具体概念时,前面可
加不定冠词,用来表示具体的人或物。常译为“一次……的
事;一个……的人;一种……东西”。常见的此类名词:成功成功的人或事乐趣令人高兴的事吸引有吸引力的人或事物美;美丽美丽的人或事物安慰;慰藉令人感到安慰的人或事物危险危险的人或因素高兴令人高兴的事失败失败的人或事物惊奇令人惊奇的事情震惊令人震惊的事情经验经历1.(2015·浙江金华十校模拟)Life for________disabled in
Uganda is difficult,but for children it can be ________ shock that can never be overcome.
A.a;the B.不填;a
C.a;不填 D.the;a
解析:句意:生活对于乌干达的残疾人来说是困难的,但对于孩子们来说,生活可能就是永远无法克服的一种震惊。第一空后是形容词,the + 形容词表示一类人,the disabled残疾人;第二空属于抽象名词具体化,“一种震惊”。故选D。D2.(2015·杭州七校质检)We need an effective strategy to help
children living in________poverty to have the opportunity to
receive________good education.
A.the;/ B.the;a
C./;/ D./;a
解析:第一空考查短语:in poverty,意为:在贫困中。第二空抽象名词具体化,receive a good education,意为:接受良好的教育。D考点四 不定冠词的用法1.(2015·高考浙江卷,T2)Jane’s grandmother had wanted
to write ________ children’s book for many years,but one
thing or another always got in ________ way.
A.a;不填 B.the;the
C.不填;the D.a;the
解析:考查冠词用法。句意:简的祖母多年来一直想写一本
儿童读物,但是一件接一件的事情总是妨碍她写书。
children’s book的中心词是单数可数名词且第一次出现,并且
此处表泛指,故其前需加不定冠词;in the way为固定搭配,
意为“挡道,碍事”,故D项正确。D2.(2014·高考浙江卷,T2)The paper is due next month,and
I am working seven days ________ week,often long into
________night.
A.a;the B.the;不填
C.a;a D.不填;the
解析:考查冠词。句意:论文下个月就到期了。我每周工作七天,经常工作到深夜。表示“每周七天”要用seven days a/per/every week;long into the night为固定搭配,意为“到深夜”,故A项正确。A1.泛指某一类人或物中的任何一个。
The “Chinese Dream” is a dream to improve people’s well
-being and a dream of harmony,peace and development.
“中国梦”是一个改善民生的梦,是一个和谐、和平与发展
的梦。
2.用于单数可数名词前,表示数量“一”;在某些物质名词或抽象名词前加a,an表示“一份,一阵,一场,一类”等。
—Would you like something to drink?
——你想喝点什么?
—I would like a coffee and two beers.
——我想喝一杯咖啡和两瓶啤酒。3.用于序数词前,表示“又一,再一”。
He missed the gold in the high jump,but will get a second
chance in the long jump.他在跳高比赛中错失了金牌,但是
在跳远比赛中他还有机会。
4.用在专有名词前表示“某一个”,相当于a certain;用
于“a+most+形容词+名词”结构,意为“非常,很”。
Dan Brown,the author of The Da Vinci Code,is a most
famous writer.
丹·布朗,《达·芬奇密码》的作者,是一位很著名的作家。5.有些不可数名词如knowledge,collection,understanding
等后面加of...时,前面需用不定冠词a/an。构成:have a
(good) knowledge of...“精通……”;have a
(clear/good)understanding of...“(清楚地/很好地)了
解……”。
Social practice is an opportunity for students to gain a better
understanding of how society operates.
社会实践是让学生来更好地了解社会运作的一个机会。1.(2016·浙江五校联考)France is a main destination for U.
S.travelers,________second only to the United Kingdom,
according to________Commerce Department report.
A.不填;a B.不填;the
C.a;a D.the;the
解析:考查冠词。句意:根据商务部的报告,法国是美国 人度假的目的地,其次是英国。second to 表示仅次于,固定短语,第二空表示泛指,故选A项。A2.(2015·浙江嘉兴市测试)Ms.La Rosa put forward________
policy that not many teachers gave________second thought to at the conference.
A.the;不填 B.a;the
C.the;the D.a;a
解析:句意:Ms.La Rosa向大会提出一个很多教师不用考虑
的提案。a policy一个提案,根据题意应是泛指,故应用a。第二空是短语give sth.a second thought再认真考虑某事。a放
在second前表示“再、又”的含义。D考点五 定冠词的用法1.(2015·高考重庆卷,T3)I just heard ______ bank where Dora works was robbed by ________ gunman wearing a
mask.
A.the;/
B.a;/
C.the;a
D.a;theC解析:考查冠词的基本用法。句意:我刚刚听说多拉工作 的那家银行被一名持枪蒙面人抢劫了。第一个空有定语 从句 修饰限定,很显然是特指多拉工作的那家银行,可排除B、D两项;第二个空后的gunman是可数名词单数,可数名词单数前一般需要加适当的冠词或其他限定词,可排除A项。 其实 第二个空如果用定冠词也是说得通的,意思则变为“那个持 枪蒙面人”。2.(2014·高考江西卷,T22)They chose Tom to be ________
captain of the team because they knew he was ________smart leader.
A.a;the B.the;the
C.the;a D.a;a
解析:考查冠词。句意:他们选择汤姆为这个队的队长,因 为他们知道他是一位英明的领导者。第一个空特指“这个队的队长”,故用the;第二个空泛指“一位聪明的领导者”。C1.表示“特指”。上文已经提到的人或物,再次提到时在其前加the。也可指上文未提到,但谈话双方都知道的人或物。
—Did you enjoy yourself yesterday?
——你昨天玩得开心吗?
—Yes,as you know,the party went on in a pleasant atmosphere.
——是的,正如你所知,晚会是在愉快的气氛中进行的。2.用于序数词和形容词或副词最高级以及形容词only,very,
same等之前。
Yang Liwei is the first man who has been into space in China.在中国杨利伟是第一个登上太空的人。3.用于复数姓氏之前,表示“全家”或“夫妇”或用于形容词或分词前,表示一类人或物。
As far as I know,the Greens have no children.
据我所知,格林夫妇没有孩子。
4.用于年代、朝代、时代名词前或由普通名词构成的专有名词前。
Marco Polo is said to have sailed on the Pacific Ocean on his
way to Java in the thirteenth century.据说在13世纪马可·波罗去爪哇岛的航行途中经过了太平洋。 (1)由普通名词构成的专有名词前用the。the
Great Wall长城;the Summer Palace颐和园。
(2)有一些地名,如果是以纯专有名词开头的,一般不用冠
词,但如果是以普通名词开头的,一般用定冠词。Beijing
University=the University of Beijing北京大学。5.用于表示江河、山脉、海洋、地球等独一无二的东西以及表示方位的名词前。
As is known to us,the sun rises in the east and sets in the
west.众所周知,太阳东方升起西方落下。
6.用于表示度量单位的名词前,如by the hour/day/dozen/yard,但是size/weight这类名词跟by连用时
不加冠词。
He was surprised to find that books are sold by weight in this
bookstore,that is,by the kilogram.他惊奇地发现在这家书
店书是按重量,也就是说是按公斤来卖的。1.(2015·福建漳州质检)—How nice________jacket is!
—Thank you.I bought it on________Internet.
A.the;the B.the;不填
C.a;the D.a;不填
解析:句意:——这件夹克真不错!——谢谢。 它是我在网上买的。第一个空后的jacket表特指(指双方心目中默认的 事物),故与定冠词连用;on the Internet 为固定短语。A2.(2015·杭州二次质检)The Jurassic Park is________Steven Spielberg movie in which________hero fights bravely and
protects his friends and family from dinosaurs.
A.不填;the B.a;the
C.不填;a D.the;a
解析:句意:《侏罗纪公园》是一部由史蒂文·斯皮尔伯格执导的电影,在这部电影中主角勇敢地斗争并保护他的朋友 和家人不受恐龙的威胁。第一空是泛指,用a;第二空是强调该影片的主角,应特指,填the。B考点六 零冠词的用法1.(2013·高考全国卷Ⅰ,T31)India attained
________independence in 1947,after________ long struggle.
A.不填;a B.the;a
C.an;不填 D.an;the
解析:考查冠词。句意:印度经过了长期的斗 争之 后, 在1947年赢得了独立。attain independence是一个固定短语,意
为“赢得独立”,这里不需要用冠词。第二个空格填入不定
冠词a表示“一个/段……”,因此答案选A。A2.(2013·高考江西卷,T32)Animals are obviously
________lower form of life than________man.
A.a;/ B.the;the
C.a;the D./;/
解析:句意:很明显动物是比人类更低级的一种生物。
form为可数名词,表示“类型,种类”,a form of意为
“一种”;man用来泛指“人类”时,前面常不加冠词。A1.表示泛指的不可数名词(物质名词、抽象名词)、专有名词(不含普通名词)或可数名词复数前不加冠词。单数可数 名 词前有物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等限制时,前也不加冠词。2.季节、月份、星期、节假日、一日三餐前一般不加冠词.但是如果名词前面有修饰语或特指某一季节、月份等,要用
冠词。
The spring of 2014 was a terrible spring because many people
died because of terrorists.
因为许多人死于恐怖分子,2014年的春天是个可怕的春天。
3.表示独一无二的头衔、职务名词作表语、同位语或宾语补
足语时,一般不加冠词。
David,monitor of our class,is always ready to help others.
戴维,我们班的班长,总是乐于助人。4.as,though引导的让步状语从句中的表语(单数可数名词)
置于句首时不加冠词。
Child as/though he is,he plays the violin perfectly.
尽管是个孩子,但他小提琴拉得很好。
5.系动词turn后的作表语的单数可数名词前不加冠词。
Lu Xun was a doctor before he turned writer/became a writer.鲁迅在成为作家前是名医生。1.(2016·杭州市质检)In Germany,________successful
project,which roughly translates as “adopt a
grandparent”,has been running with_______great success.
A.a;a B.a;不填
C.the;a D.不填;the
解析:第一个空是泛指修饰名词project;第二个空后的名词success是抽象名词。故选B项。B2.(2016·江苏期中检测)The peace-making spirit of Nelson
Mandela,who was elected ________ president at the age of
76,has won him ________ worldwide respect.
A./;a B./;/
C.the;a D.the;/
解析:句意:纳尔逊·曼德拉76岁时当选总统,他的维和精神为他赢得了全世界的尊敬。句中的president指总统这个职
位,作补足语时,前一般不加冠词;respect为不可数名词,故不加冠词。故选B。B本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放
[模拟题组一]
1.(2016·淮安市二次调研)The Team-up Centre will offer________opportunity to young singers to showcase their talents in front of________audience of 5,000.
A.an;an B.the;an
C.an;the D.the;the
解析:选A。给年轻歌手提供一个机会,不定冠词an表示“一”。an audience of 固定短语。
2.(2015·苏、锡、常、镇四市调研二)—Why do you choose to work in an international travel agency?
—Well,you know,English is my________.So it is my best choice.
A.talent B.strength
C.ability D.skill
解析:选B。句意:——你为什么选择在一家国际旅行社工作?——你知道,英语是我的优势。因此它是我最好的选择。A.talent天赋;B.strength优势;C.ability能力;D.skill技能。故选B。
3.(2015·盐城市三次模拟)Microsoft,in a(n)________from tradition,has already released similar touch-friendly Office apps for Apple Inc’s iPad and iPhone.
A.independence B.absence
C.departure D.survival
解析:选C。句意:微软,背离传统,已经发布了类似的触屏办公软件应用于苹果的iPad和iPhone。A.independence独立;B.absence缺席;C.departure远离;D.survival生存。根据题干中的from tradition判断选C。
4.(2015·江苏省扬州中学质检)A trip to the forest park is a wonderful________of my happy childhood,when I had no end of fun with my playmates.
A.adventure B.celebration
C.reminder D.attraction
解析:选C。句意:一次去森林公园的旅行让我想起了我幸福的童年时代,那时我和我的玩伴们有无尽的快乐。A.adventure冒险;B.celebration庆祝;C.reminder提醒,让某人想起……的事;D.attraction吸引力。根据题意选C。
5.(2015·南京市三次模拟)The International Monetary Fund has received both criticism and________for its efforts to promote financial stability,prevent crises,facilitate trade,and reduce poverty.
A.worship B.credit
C.argument D.privilege
解析:选B。考查名词。worship尊重;credit赞扬;argument争执;privilege特权。由语境可知应选B。
6.(2015·苏、锡、常、镇四市调研一)Since it is common________to copy others’designs,the Council of Fashion Designers has recently urged the government to pass laws to protect designers’ rights.
A.practice B.standard
C.sense D.activity
解析:选A。句意:既然复制别人的模式是惯例,时装设计理事会最近已经敦促政府立法保护设计者的权利。common practice惯例,习惯做法。practice练习;standard 水平;sense感觉,意义;activity活动。
7.(2015·泰州市二次模拟)Under the Dome,________103-minute documentary released by Chai Jing,has pushed________public awareness about air pollution and encouraged people to join in efforts to make a difference.
A.the;the B.a;a
C.the;不填 D.a;不填
解析:选D。句意:《穹顶之下》,一部由柴静出版的103分钟的纪录片已经激发了关于大气污染的公共意识,并鼓励人们参加更多的活动进行改变。第一空是泛指,“一部……的纪录片”,故填a;第二空的中心词是awareness,是抽象名词,不加冠词。故判断选D。
8.(2016·浙江省余姚中学第一次质检)—What’s________schedule for this weekend?
—________greeting ceremony for Professor White will be held in the lecture hall.
A.the;The B.a;A
C.the;A D.a;The
解析:选C。句意:——这个周末的计划是什么?——为怀特教授安排的一个欢迎仪式在报告厅举行。schedule后有for this weekend 所以表特指;第二空为泛指。
9.(2016·杭州市七校联考)In________eyes of children,playing on the Internet can only bring them________great fun.
A.the;a B.不填;a
C.the;不填 D.不填;不填
解析:选C。in the eyes of...固定搭配,在……的眼里;bring sb.fun带给某人乐趣,fun是不可数名词,不用冠词,故选C。
10.(2016·萧山第二中学二次考试)We planned to climb the mountain today,but in such________bad weather,it seems out of________question.
A.a;the B./;/
C.a;a D./;the
解析:选D。句意:我们本来打算今天去爬山,但是在如此糟糕的天气下,爬山好像是不可能的事情。第一空后weather 是不可数名词,不用冠词;out of the question是固定搭配,“不可能”。
[模拟题组二]
1.(2015·淮安市二次调研)While visiting Europe,I was lucky to have the great________of praying in a historic church that dates back to the early 12th century.
A.favour B.motivation
C.equality D.privilege
解析:选D。句意:在访问欧洲的时候,我有幸拥有在一座12世纪的教堂里祈祷的优待。favour 支持,偏爱,赞同;motivation动机,积极性;equality平等;privilege特权,优待。
2.—It’s a wise________to wear the white tie.It matches your shirt well.
—Thank you very much.
A.choice B.support
C.mixture D.honour
解析:选A。句意:——戴白色领带是明智的选择,它与你的衬衫很搭。——非常感谢。choice选择;support支持;mixture混合;honour荣誉。根据句意,故选A。
3.As is often the case,teachers’________with parents involve complaints about children’s misbehaviors and laziness in school.
A.acquaintances B.negotiations
C.conferences D.consultations
解析:选C。句意:情况经常是这样,家长会上涉及到对孩子们在校的顽皮和懒惰的抱怨。A.acquaintances知道,熟悉;B.negotiations协商;C.conferences会议;D.consultations请教,咨询,磋商。根据题意选C。
4.(2016·浙江省余姚中学第一次质检)—If you like,I can do some shopping for you.
—That’s a very kind________.
A.offer B.service
C.point D.suggestion
解析:选A。句意:——如果你愿意,我可以帮你购物。——这真是一个很好的提议。offer作为可数名词有“(做某事/供给某事物的)提议”之意。service作为不可数名词,表示“(对商店、企业、旅馆或餐馆的顾客的)服务;接待”。service作为可数名词,意为“(为公众提供的)特别服务”。
5.(2015·南京、盐城二次模拟)Estella showed me the way with a candle.When she opened the side entrance,the________of the daylight quite confused me.
A.trend B.rush
C.crash D.increase
解析:选B。句意:Estella用蜡烛给我指路。当她打开侧门时,强烈的日光让我的眼前模糊不清。the rush of the daylight强烈的日光。trend趋势;crash坠毁;increase增加。故选B。
6.(2015·浙江高考原创预测卷二)Nancy couldn’t remember when she first met Tony.But she was sure it was________Sunday,because everybody was at________church.
A.the;a B.a;a
C.the;不填 D.a;不填
解析:选D。句意:Nancy记不得什么时候她第一次见到Tony,但她确定是一个星期天,因为每个人都在礼堂做礼拜。前一空中是泛指,指的是某一个星期天,故用不定冠词a;后一空考查短语的固定搭配:at church在礼堂做礼拜。
7.(2015·浙江高考原创预测卷一)—Many people don’t think much of the movie.
—I think differently.It is________exciting film.And________photographed scene in the movie is very beautiful.
A.a;an B.a;the
C.an;the D.an;/
解析:选C。句意:——很多人对这个电影评价不高。——我的想法完全不同。它是一部令人激动的电影。并且电影中的拍摄场景也很美丽。第一空泛指“一部令人激动的电影”,应该用不定冠词,exciting首字母发音是元音,应该填an;第二空特指“这部电影中的拍摄场景”,用定冠词the,所以选C。
8.At Jimmy’s birthday party I was introduced to make the ________ of several successful managers in IT industry.
A.appreciation B.reference
C.acquaintance D.recognition
解析:选C。考查名词辨析。句意:在Jimmy的生日聚会上,我被介绍认识了几位IT行业成功的经理。appreciation“感激,欣赏”;reference“参考,涉及”;acquaintance“(与某人)认识”;recognition“承认,识别”。make the acquaintance of sb.是固定词组,意为“结识某人”,其他选项均不符合句意。
9.(2015·浙江省严州中学4月考试)For________cancer patients there may not be________bright future;today has to count.
A./;/ B./;a
C.the;/ D./;the
解析:选B。句意:对癌症患者们来说可能没有一个光明的未来,每一天都十分宝贵。第一空泛指,且名词是复数,不用冠词;第二空指单一的、任何一个,用不定冠词。
10.(2016·浙江温州六十一中学测试)Students in Senior 3 are under________great stress,because no one will take________risk of failing in the College Entrance Examination.
A.a;the B.the;/
C.a;a D./;the
解析:选D。句意:高三学生有着很大的压力,因为没有人能承担在高考中失败的风险。第一空后名词是不可数名词,不用冠词;第二空特指,用定冠词。
[押题题组一]
1.Tom,a shy boy,who lacks________confidence,doesn’t get________attention he deserves.
A.the;the B./;the
C.the;/ D./;/
解析:选B。句意:汤姆,一个害羞的男孩,他缺乏自信,他没有得到应得的关注。lack confidence 缺乏自信,confidence是不可数名词,不用冠词。第二个空后有定语从句,表特指,用定冠词。
2.University is ________ most worthwhile time of discovery and learning,and it is also ________ very enjoyable and valuable experience for every one of us.
A.a;a B.the;/
C./;a D.a;the
解析:选A。考查冠词。句意:大学是一段探索和学习的非常有价值的时光,而且对于我们每一个人来说也是一次很快乐很有价值的经历。第一空,因为没有明确的范围,故不用最高级,a most意为“很,非常”;experience意为“经历”时是可数名词,在这里是泛指,所以前面需要用不定冠词。
3.Sometimes it’s a bit challenging to reach a ________ between parents’ expectations and their kids’ desires.
A.commitment B.comprehension
C.cooperation D.compromise
解析:选D。考查名词辨析。句意:有时在家长的期望和孩子的愿望之间达成妥协有点困难。commitment“承诺”;comprehension“理解(力)”;cooperation“合作”;compromise“妥协;折中”。
4.It’s ________ great news for the driver that running a yellow light no longer results in ________ 6-point punishment.
A./;the B./;a
C.a;the D.a;a
解析:选B。考查冠词。句意:对于司机而言,闯黄灯不再会被罚6分是个好消息。news是不可数名词,故其前面不用冠词;punishment“处罚”,在此为可数名词,故用不定冠词a修饰。
5.Jogging every morning is ________ good habit.Stick to it,and you’ll make ________ great progress.
A.a;/ B.a;a
C.the;a D./;/
解析:选A。考查冠词。句意:每天早上慢跑是个好习惯。坚持下去,你就会取得很大进步。第一空泛指“一个好习惯”,应用不定冠词a;progress为不可数名词,make progress为固定词组,表示“取得进步”。故A项正确。
6.If their disagreement comes to ________ head,you will be faced with ________ unimaginable challenge.
A./;the B.a;an
C.a;the D.the;an
解析:选B。考查冠词。第一空come to a head是固定短语,表示“(使)事情达到紧要关头,需要当机立断”;第二空“一个不可想象的挑战”,此处challenge是可数名词,且unimaginable的读音以元音音素开头,故用不定冠词an修饰。
7.I can’t say which type of tea tastes better.It’s just a(n) ________ of personal preference.
A.affair B.problem
C.variety D.matter
解析:选D。考查名词辨析。句意:我不能说哪种类型的茶口味更好。这只是个人口味的问题。It’s just a matter of...“这只是……的问题”,符合句意。
8.In his absence,I would like to thank all concerned on my brother’s ________.
A.behalf B.part
C.business D.interest
解析:选A。考查名词辨析。句意:我弟弟没在场,我想代表他向所有相关的人员表示感谢。on sb.’s behalf = on behalf of sb.,为固定短语,意为“代表某人”,符合句意。for sb.’s part“就某人而言”;on business“因公”;in sb.’s interest“为了某人的利益”。
9.It was a difficult job for him.He had tried everything but it made little ________.
A.use B.good
C.difference D.result
解析:选C。考查名词辨析。句意:这项工作对他来说有点难,他做了各种各样的努力,但没有什么成效。make a difference“起作用;有影响”,此处的make little difference表示“没有多大作用”,符合题意。
10.The patient’s family has expressed their ________ to the press in letters for the money raised.
A.purpose B.apologies
C.gratitude D.sympathy
解析:选C。考查名词辨析。句意:病人家属在信中为收到的捐款向媒体表达了感激之情。purpose“目的”;apology“道歉”;gratitude“感激;感谢”;sympathy“同情”。
[押题题组二]
1.Finding information in today’s world is easy.The ________ is how you can tell whether the information you get is useful or not.
A.knowledge B.ability
C.competition D.challenge
解析:选D。句意:当今世界找信息很容易,困难的是你如何辨别你所获得的信息是否有用。A.知识;B.能力;C.竞赛;D.挑战,艰巨任务。故选D。
2.They organized some activities to call ________ to the living conditions of the disabled.
A.interest B.attention
C.notice D.mind
解析:选B。句意:他们组织了一些活动来引起人们对残疾人生活条件的关注。call attention to的意思是“唤起对……的关注”。
3.He was faced with the ________of whether or not to return to his country after he got the doctor’s degree in America.
A.situation B.circumstance
C.environment D.dilemma
解析:选D。句意:他面临着在美国获得博士学位之后是否回国的两难境地。根据whether or not可知应选dilemma,意为“(进退两难的)窘境,困境”。
4.We all sighed with ________relief when ________plane finally landed safely.
A.a;/ B./;the
C.a;a D.a;the
解析:选B。句意:当这架飞机终于安全降落的时候,我们都宽慰地松了一口气。第一空with relief为习惯搭配,意为“宽慰地,放松地”;第二空plane前加定冠词the,表特指。
5.Drivers using mobile phones on________ road are more likely to have________ accidents,a science report said recently.
A.a;the B./;/
C.the;/ D./;the
解析:选C。句意:最近一份科学报告指出,驾驶员在路上使用手机更容易发生事故。on the road为固定搭配,意为“在路上”;“accidents”表示泛指,第二空不需要填冠词。故答案为C项。
6.—What does PM 2.5 mean?
—It’s a professional ________ indicating the condition of air pollution.
A.term B.item
C.number D.mark
解析:选A。考查名词辨析。句意:——PM 2.5是什么意思?——它是一个表示空气污染状况的专业术语。term“术语”,符合句意。item“项目”;number“数字”;mark“记号”。
7.________ Chinese government has decided to introduce more measures to improve the public transport system in ________ country’s crowded urban areas.
A.A;/ B.The;/
C.The;a D.The;the
解析:选D。句意:中国政府已经决定采取更多的措施来改善该国拥挤的城市公共交通系统。两个空后的名词government和country在本句中均表特指,故用定冠词。
8.The teacher praised me for________ progress I’d made,which was________ great encouragement to me.
A.the;/ B.the;a
C./;a D./;/
解析:选B。考查冠词的用法。句意:老师因为我取得的进步而表扬我,这对我是一个很大的鼓励。progress后有定语从句修饰,意为“我取得的进步”,为特指;第二空a great encouragement“一件很鼓舞人的事情”,此处encouragement为可数名词,故选B项。
9.—What do you think we should do when________ earthquake happens?
—In my opinion,go to________ open space away from buildings or trees.
A.an;an B.the;an
C.an;the D.the;the
解析:选A。“an earthquake”泛指“一场地震”,因此第一空用不定冠词an,排除B和D;space在此处表示“大片空地”,为可数名词,且表示泛指意义,所以第二空也用不定冠词an。故选A。
10.Mo Yan,a most widely-read writer,takes a complete new________ to describing China’s rural and folk culture.
A.way B.approach
C.passage D.entry
解析:选B。句意:莫言的作品被广泛阅读,他采用了全新的方法来描述中国的乡村民间文化。an approach to为固定搭配,相当于a way of,意为“……的方法”;passage指人们行走的“通道,走廊”,不符合本句要求;entry意为“进入,进入权,入口处”,不符合本句要求。
1.(2015·高考陕西卷,T14)________ more learned a man is,________ more modest he usually becomes.
A.The;the B.A;a
C.The;a D.A;the
解析:选A。考查固定句式中冠词的用法。句意:一个人越博学,他通常就越谦虚。分析句子结构可知,此处是“the+比较级,the+比较级”句式,表示“越……,就越……”。前半句表示条件,后半句表示结果,故选A项。
2.(2015·高考安徽卷,T30)There is no need to tell me your answer now.Give it some ________ and then let me know.
A.thought B.support
C.protection D.authority
解析:选A。考查语境选词。句意:现在没有必要告诉我你的答案。多思考(thought)一下,再让我知道。support支持;protection保护;authority权威。
3.(2015·高考湖北卷,T22)He gave himself a new name to hide his ________ when he went to carry out the secret task.
A.emotion B.talent
C.identity D.treasure
解析:选C。考查语境选词。句意:当他去执行这项秘密任务的时候,他给自己起了一个新的名字来隐藏自己的________。根据题干中的a new name和the secret task可知,在执行秘密任务的时候他的“身份(identity)”是保密的。emotion情感;talent天才;treasure财富。
4.(2014·高考福建卷,T26)—Could you tell me the________ of making such tasty cakes?
—Well,I just follow the directions in the cookbook.
A.feature B.plan
C.cost D.trick
解析:选D。考查名词词义辨析。句意:——你能告诉我制作这样美味的蛋糕的窍门吗?——哦,我就是照着烹饪书上的说明做的。feature特点,特征;plan计划;cost成本,费用;trick窍门,技巧,诡计,恶作剧。根据句中的关键词making such tasty cakes(制作这样美味的蛋糕)可知,上句说话人询问的是制作蛋糕的技巧(trick)。
5.(2014·高考江苏卷,T27)She was put under house arrest two years ago but remained a powerful ________ in last year’s election.
A.symbol B.portrait
C.identity D.statue
解析:选A。考查名词辨析。句意:她两年前被软禁,但在去年的选举中仍然是一个很强势的具有代表性的人物。symbol的本义是“象征,符号,标志”,可以引申为“具有某一特性或思想的代表/代表性人物”,符合语境。portrait“肖像”;identity“身份”;statue“雕像,塑像”。
6.(2016·宁波市模拟)China’s first regional regulation on online sales issued in Hangzhou,which is________home to a number of China’s e-commerce heavyweights such as Alibaba,will take________effect on May 1.
A.the;/ B./;an
C./;/ D.a;the
解析:选C。考查冠词。句意:中国最初的网上交易规则制定于杭州,这里是中国电子产业的起源地,如阿里巴巴,此规则从五月一日起开始生效。be home to...的起源地;take effect生效。故选C项。
7.(2015·浙江严州中学仿真题)—Excuse me,could you tell me the way to________Uncle John’s?
—Sorry,we don’t have________John here.
A.the;a B./;/
C./;a D.the;/
解析:选C。考查冠词。句意:——打扰了,能告诉我约翰叔叔家在哪吗?——抱歉,我们这没有叫约翰的。第一个空不需要冠词,第二个空是特殊用法,故选C。
8.(2015·宁波十校联考)Beijing’s successful bid for________2022 Winter Olympics has driven public enthusiasm for winter sports to________new heights.
A.a;the B./;/
C.the;/ D./;the
解析:选C。句意:北京成功申办2022年冬奥会已经激起了人们对冬季运动的热情到了新的高度。第一空后为专有名词,要用定冠词,只有C项符合。
9.(2015·绍兴市质检)China Daily is among________few magazines focused on________contemporary China that can be found in Europe nowadays.
A.the;a B.a;/
C.the;/ D.a;the
解析:选C。句意:《中国日报》是目前在欧洲能够发现的当代中国的几份杂志之一。among=one of...……中之一。根据magazines后的定语从句和过去分词短语判断应该特指,故第一空填the;第二空contemporary China“当代中国”,不需要冠词,故不填冠词。
10.(2016·南通市调研)Children enjoying parents’________during their growth tend to have better living habits than left-behind children.
A.company B.compromise
C.command D.comprehension
解析:选A。句意:在成长期间享受父母陪伴的孩子比留守儿童趋向于有更好的生活习惯。company陪伴;compromise妥协,折中;command命令;comprehension理解。与题干后面的left-behind children相对应,应是有父母陪伴的孩子。故选A。