人教版（2019）选择性必修第四册Unit 1 Science Fiction 课后习题（含答案）

人教版 2019 高中英语选择性必修第四册 Unit 1 Science Fiction习题
1.单词拼写
The new technology has the p__________ to change the way we live. (潜力)
The company is working on a new p__________ that will revolutionize the industry. (产品)
She has a strong d__________ to succeed in her career. (欲望)
The a__________ of the new policy has raised some concerns. (采用)
The scientist made a b__________ in the field of genetics. (突破)
The government is trying to solve the problem of e__________ poverty. (极端的)
The new law will come into e__________ next month. (生效)
The company is facing f__________ challenges due to the economic crisis. (财务的)
The project requires a lot of t__________ and effort. (时间和精力)
The research team is working on a new m__________ to improve the efficiency. (方法)
2.词性转换
science (形容词) __________
create (名词) __________
imagine (名词) __________
technology (形容词) __________
predict (名词) __________
vary (形容词) __________
able (名词) __________
intelligent (名词) __________
solve (名词) __________
develop (名词) __________
3.选词填空
potential, breakthrough, desire, adopt, in the hope of, make a difference, rely on, come true
从方框中选择适当的单词或短语并用其正确形式填空
Scientists are working hard __________ finding a cure for the disease.
The new treatment is a major __________ in the fight against cancer.
She has a strong __________ to learn more about space exploration.
The company decided to __________ a new marketing strategy.
Everyone has the __________ to achieve their dreams.
We should not always __________ others. We should be independent.
Your support will __________ in our project.
His dream of becoming a famous scientist finally __________.
4.单句语法填空
The scientist is known for __________ (make) important contributions to the field of physics.
It is necessary __________ (develop) new technologies to solve the environmental problems.
The book __________ (write) by the famous author is very popular among students.
She dreams of __________ (become) a scientist and making a difference in the world.
The research team is working hard to find a __________ (solve) to the problem.
The new technology has the potential __________ (change) the way we communicate.
He was praised for his __________ (able) to think creatively.
The company is considering __________ (adopt) a new policy to improve efficiency.
The movie is about a scientist who makes a remarkable __________ (discover).
They are trying to make their dreams __________ (come) true through hard work.
5.七选五
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Science Fiction: More Than Just Entertainment
Science fiction has been a popular genre for decades. It takes us to worlds beyond our imagination and explores the possibilities of the future. 1_______Here are some reasons why science fiction is more than just entertainment.
Inspiration for Innovation
Science fiction often presents ideas and technologies that seem impossible at the time of writing. 2_______ For example, the idea of communication devices like cell phones was explored in science fiction long before they became a reality. Many scientists and inventors have been inspired by science fiction to pursue their own ideas and make these fictional concepts come true.
Social and Political Commentary
Science fiction can be used as a powerful tool for social and political commentary. It allows writers to explore complex issues such as inequality, environmentalism, and the impact of technology on society. 3_______ By presenting these issues in a fictional context, science fiction can make people think more deeply about them and encourage discussion and change.
Expanding Our Imagination
4_______ It takes us to different planets, introduces us to alien species, and shows us futures that are both wonderful and terrifying. By reading or watching science fiction, we can break free from the limitations of the real world and let our minds wander. This expansion of imagination can have a positive impact on our creativity and problem-solving abilities.
Preparing for the Future
Science fiction can also help us prepare for the future. It presents us with different scenarios and possibilities, allowing us to think about how we would respond in such situations. 5_______In this way, science fiction can help us make better decisions and be more prepared for whatever the future may hold.
A. However, it has much more to offer.
B. It helps us to think about the future and how we can shape it.
C. Science fiction is full of amazing and imaginative ideas.
D. But as time passes, many of these ideas become possible.
E. Some science fiction stories are set in a future with a lot of problems.
F. It can also predict future trends and warn us of potential dangers.
G. Through science fiction, we can see the consequences of certain actions and policies.
6.阅读理解
Passage 1
Science fiction is a genre of literature that often explores the potential consequences of scientific and other innovations. It has been around for a long time and has seen many changes over the years.
One of the earliest examples of science fiction is Mary Shelley's Frankenstein. Published in 1818, it tells the story of a scientist who creates a living creature from body parts. This novel not only introduced the idea of a human-made monster but also explored the ethical questions surrounding scientific experimentation.
In the 20th century, science fiction really took off. Writers like Isaac Asimov and Arthur C. Clarke became famous for their works that explored space travel, artificial intelligence, and other advanced technologies. Asimov's Foundation series, for example, is set in a future where a galactic empire is on the verge of collapse. The series explores the ideas of psychology, history, and politics on a grand scale.
Today, science fiction continues to evolve. With the development of new technologies such as artificial intelligence and genetic engineering, science fiction writers have even more material to work with. They are exploring the potential impact of these technologies on society, as well as the ethical and moral issues that come with them.
1.What is the main idea of the passage
A. The history and development of science fiction.
B. The works of famous science fiction writers.
C. The ethical questions in science fiction.
D. The impact of new technologies on science fiction.
2.Which of the following is an example of early science fiction
A. Foundation series.
B. Frankenstein.
C. Works by Isaac Asimov.
D. Works by Arthur C. Clarke.
3.What did science fiction in the 20th century mainly explore
A. The creation of living creatures.
B. The collapse of a galactic empire.
C. Space travel and advanced technologies.
D. The development of new technologies.
4.What can we learn from the passage about science fiction today
A. It is no longer popular.
B. It only focuses on ethical issues.
C. It is influenced by new technologies.
D. It has stopped evolving.
Passage 2
In a science fiction story, a group of astronauts travels to a distant planet. They discover that the planet is inhabited by strange creatures that have the ability to communicate telepathically. The astronauts soon realize that these creatures are highly intelligent and have a complex society.
The astronauts try to establish communication with the aliens. They use a variety of methods, including sign language and simple tools. After a lot of effort, they finally manage to understand each other to some extent. The aliens are curious about the astronauts and their world, and they share some of their own knowledge and technology with them.
However, not all is well. Some of the astronauts begin to question whether it is safe to interact with the aliens. They worry that the aliens may have hidden motives and could pose a threat to Earth. As the story progresses, the astronauts have to make difficult decisions about how to proceed and whether to trust the aliens.
5.What do the astronauts discover on the distant planet
A. A group of other astronauts.
B. Strange creatures with telepathic abilities.
C. A lot of advanced technology.
D. A complex human society.
6.How do the astronauts try to communicate with the aliens
A. By using only telepathy.
B. By using sign language and simple tools.
C. By using complex machines.
D. By using a common language.
7.Why do some astronauts question the safety of interacting with the aliens
A. Because the aliens are not intelligent enough.
B. Because the aliens are too friendly.
C. Because the aliens may have hidden motives.
D. Because the aliens don't share their technology.
8.What is the main problem the astronauts face in the story
A. How to get back to Earth.
B. How to learn the alien language.
C. Whether to trust the aliens.
D. How to defeat the aliens.
9.What can we infer from the passage about the aliens
A. They are not interested in the astronauts' world.
B. They are less intelligent than the astronauts.
C. They have a complex society.
D. They want to invade Earth.
10.What is the best title for the passage
A. A Trip to a Distant Planet
B. The Danger of Space Travel
C. Communicating with Aliens
D. The Telepathic Creatures
答案解析
1.单词拼写
答案：destination解析：根据 “目的地” 的中文意思及该词在句中的位置，此处应填 destination。
答案：accelerate解析：“加速” 对应的英文单词是 accelerate，在 to 后用动词原形。
答案：boundary解析：“边界” 的英文是 boundary，根据语境可知用单数形式。
答案：relevant解析：“相关的” 是 relevant，be relevant to 是固定搭配。
答案：previous解析：“以前的” 用 previous 来表示，修饰后面的 experience。
答案：instant解析：“立刻的” 是 instant，an instant hit 表示 “一炮走红”。
答案：complicated解析：“复杂的” 是 complicated，用来形容 system。
答案：reputation解析：“声誉” 是 reputation，have a good reputation 是 “有好名声”。
答案：witnessed解析：“目睹，见证” 是 witness，根据语境用一般过去时。
答案：assumption解析：“假设” 是 assumption，on the assumption that 是固定用法。
2.词性转换
survival解析：survive 是动词，此处需要名词作主语，survive 的名词形式是 survival。
exploration解析：explore 是动词，形容词性物主代词 their 后接名词，explore 的名词是 exploration。
appearance解析：appear 是动词，its 后接名词，appear 的名词形式是 appearance。
variety解析：various 是形容词，a ...... of 中间用名词，various 的名词是 variety，a variety of 表示 “各种各样的”。
intelligent解析：intelligence 是名词，此处需要形容词作定语修饰 life，intelligence 的形容词是 intelligent。
unwillingness解析：willing 是形容词，unwilling 是其反义词，此处需要名词作主语，unwilling 的名词是 unwillingness。
gradual解析：gradually 是副词，此处需要形容词修饰 process，gradually 的形容词是 gradual。
possibility解析：possible 是形容词，the ...... of 中间用名词，possible 的名词是 possibility。
creativity解析：create 是动词，此处需要名词作宾语，create 的名词形式有 creativity 等。
optimistic解析：optimism 是名词，此处需要形容词作表语，optimism 的形容词是 optimistic。
3.选词填空
set out解析：根据语境 “出发去寻找新的家园”，set out 有 “出发，动身” 的意思，符合题意。
came across解析：句意为 “在旅途中他们偶然遇到了很多困难”，come across 有 “偶然遇到” 的意思，且根据上下文用一般过去时。
in the hope of解析：“他们努力工作，希望找到更多资源”，in the hope of 表示 “怀着…… 的希望”，符合语境。
make up解析：“不同的元素构成了这个星球的大气”，make up 有 “构成，组成” 的意思。
at a loss解析：“当面对这个奇怪的生物时，他们感到不知所措”，at a loss 有 “不知所措” 的意思。
adapt to解析：“我们需要适应新的环境”，adapt to 有 “适应” 的意思，符合语境。
figured out解析：“最终他们弄清楚了如何使用这个工具”，figure out 有 “弄清楚，想出” 的意思，用一般过去时。
break down解析：“机器出故障了”，break down 有 “出故障，坏掉” 的意思。
4.单句语法填空
which解析：考查定语从句，先行词是 book，在从句中作主语，且是非限制性定语从句，故用 which。
to explore解析：the first to do sth. 是固定用法，表示 “第一个做某事的……”，用不定式作后置定语。
had been invented解析：根据 by the end of last year 可知用过去完成时，且 machine 与 invent 是被动关系，故用过去完成时的被动语态。
where解析：考查定语从句，先行词是 place，在从句中作地点状语，故用 where。
is believed解析：It is believed that... 是固定句型，表示 “据信……”。
using解析：考查非谓语动词，they 与 use 是主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。
more advanced解析：根据 than 可知用比较级，advanced 的比较级是 more advanced。
would succeed解析：根据主句中的 thought 可知，宾语从句要用过去将来时。
to解析：be addicted to 是固定搭配，表示 “对…… 上瘾”。
whose解析：考查定语从句，先行词是 alien，在从句中作定语，修饰 spaceship，故用 whose。
5.七选五
D解析：根据上文 “Science fiction has been a popular genre for decades.” 可知，科幻小说流行了几十年了，下文应该是说它受欢迎的原因，D 选项 “它能激发我们的想象力，让我们思考未来的可能性” 符合语境。
G解析：根据上文 “Many science fiction stories are set in the future” 可知，很多科幻故事都设定在未来，G 选项 “它们描绘了科技高度发达的世界” 与上文衔接紧密，都是在说科幻故事中的未来世界。
A解析：根据下文 “For example, in some stories, humans have developed the ability to travel through time.” 可知，这里是在举例说明科幻小说中的一些想象，A 选项 “它常常包含一些在现实世界中不存在的元素” 符合语境，是对下文例子的概括。
F解析：根据上文 “Science fiction can also be used to explore social and political issues.” 可知，科幻小说可以用来探讨社会和政治问题，F 选项 “通过创造虚构的世界和情景，作者可以对现实世界中的问题进行评论” 是对上文的进一步解释，说明科幻小说是如何探讨社会和政治问题的。
B解析：根据上文 “Whether you're a fan of space travel, time travel, or artificial intelligence, there's a science fiction story out there for you.” 可知，这里是说无论你喜欢哪种科幻元素，都有适合你的科幻故事，B 选项 “所以，如果你还没有尝试过读科幻小说，不妨给它一个机会” 是对上文的总结，并且与下文的 “你可能会惊讶于你所发现的” 衔接自然。
6.阅读理解
C 解析：根据第一段 “The story is about a young astronaut who travels to a distant planet.” 可知，故事是关于一个年轻宇航员去遥远星球的经历，所以文章的主人公是一个宇航员，选 C。
B 解析：根据第二段 “He discovers strange creatures and amazing landscapes.” 可知，他在星球上发现了奇怪的生物和令人惊叹的风景，所以他在星球上看到了独特的东西，选 B。
A 解析：根据第三段 “However, he also faces many challenges, such as extreme weather and equipment failures.” 可知，他面临极端天气和设备故障等挑战，所以他遇到了一些困难，选 A。
D 解析：根据最后一段 “In the end, he manages to return to Earth and share his experiences with the world.” 可知，最后他设法回到了地球并与世界分享了他的经历，选 D。
B 解析：文章主要讲述了一个宇航员的太空冒险故事，属于科幻类，应该是在科幻杂志上能读到，选 B。
A解析：根据第一段 “Science fiction movies have always been popular among audiences.” 可知，科幻电影一直很受观众欢迎，选 A。
C 解析：根据第二段 “They often feature advanced technology and exciting action scenes.” 可知，科幻电影经常以先进的技术和令人兴奋的动作场景为特色，选 C。
D 解析：根据第三段 “Some movies also explore deep themes such as the relationship between humans and machines.” 可知，一些电影探索人类与机器之间的关系等深刻主题，选 D。
B 解析：根据第四段 “One of the most famous science fiction movies is 'Avatar'.” 可知，《阿凡达》是最著名的科幻电影之一，选 B。
C 解析：文章主要讲了科幻电影的受欢迎程度、特点以及一些著名的科幻电影等，所以主要是关于科幻电影的，选 C。