Unit 2 I'll help to clean up the city parks知识清单导学案-2025人教版英语八年级下册(含答案)

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名称 Unit 2 I'll help to clean up the city parks知识清单导学案-2025人教版英语八年级下册(含答案)
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更新时间 2025-02-28 17:04:23

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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
Unit 2 I'll help to clean up the city parks
知识清单导学案
2025人教版英语八年级下册
使用说明:
《人教版英语八年级下册二单元寒假知识清单/导学案 【寒假预习】》,是依据课程标准及教材内容精心编制的英语学习指导方案,专为八年级学生寒假自主预习设计。
该清单对单元知识进行了全面且系统的梳理,涵盖词汇、短语、句型、语法以及课文等多个重要板块。在词汇部分,不仅对重点单词的词义、用法、变形及相关短语进行了详细阐释,还配备了针对性练习,帮助学生扎实掌握词汇;短语板块通过列举常用短语及其例句,强化学生对短语的理解与运用;句型板块深入剖析了单元中的关键句型,并设置多种练习,提升学生的语言表达能力。
一、词汇预习
(一)重点单词
1. volunteer(v. 义务做;自愿做 n. 志愿者)
例句:I want to volunteer at the local hospital.(我想在当地医院做志愿者。)
拓展:volunteer to do sth. 自愿做某事
2. notice(n. 通知;通告;注意 v. 注意到;意识到)
例句:Please read the notice on the wall carefully.(请仔细阅读墙上的通知。)
常用短语:put up a notice 张贴通知
3. sign(n. 标志;信号)
例句:There is a “No Smoking” sign here.(这里有一个“禁止吸烟”的标志。)
4. raise(v. 募集;征集;举起;提高;养育)
例句:We are raising money for the poor children.(我们正在为贫困儿童募捐。)
拓展:raise money 筹钱;raise one's hand 举手
5. alone(adv. 独自;单独)
例句:She likes to stay alone in her room.(她喜欢独自待在房间里。)
辨析:alone 强调独自一人,没有感彩;lonely 强调内心孤独,有感彩 。如:He lives alone, but he doesn't feel lonely.(他独自生活,但他不感到孤独。)
6. repair(v. & n. 修理;修补)
例句:Can you repair my bike (你能修理我的自行车吗?)
拓展:repair sth. 修理某物;do some repairs 进行一些修理工作
7. fix(v. 修理;安装;使固定)
例句:I need to fix the broken chair.(我需要修理那把坏椅子。)
常用短语:fix up 修理;装饰 fix...up with... 为……安排……
8. give out(分发;散发)
例句:The teacher is giving out the test papers.(老师正在分发试卷。)
同义短语:hand out
9. cheer up(使变得更高兴;振奋起来)
例句:The good news cheered us up.(这个好消息使我们振奋起来。)
用法:cheer sb. up 使某人振奋起来,代词要放在中间。
e up with(想出;提出(主意、计划、回答等))
例句:Can you come up with a good idea (你能想出一个好主意吗?)
同义短语:think up
(二)词汇练习
1. 写出下列单词的适当形式
volunteer(现在分词)______ 答案:volunteering
notice(复数)______ 答案:notices
raise(过去式)______ 答案:raised
repair(同义词)______ 答案:fix
alone(形容词)______ 答案:lonely
2. 根据汉语提示完成句子
We should ______(募集)some money for the people in the poor area. 答案:raise
Please ______(分发)these books to the students. 答案:give out / hand out
Let's do something to ______(使振奋起来)the sick kids. 答案:cheer up
Can you help me ______(修理)my computer 答案:repair / fix
He is clever enough to ______(想出)new ideas. 答案:come up with / think up
二、短语预习
1. clean up 打扫(或清除)干净
例句:Let's clean up the classroom before we leave.(我们离开前把教室打扫干净吧。)
2. care for 照顾;非常喜欢
例句:She cared for her sick mother at home.(她在家照顾生病的母亲。)
3. try out 参加……选拔;试用
例句:I want to try out for the school basketball team.(我想参加学校篮球队的选拔。)
4. put off 推迟
例句:We have to put off the sports meeting because of the bad weather.(由于天气不好,我们不得不推迟运动会。)
用法:put off doing sth. 推迟做某事
5. call up 打电话给(某人);征召
例句:Please call me up when you get there.(你到那儿后请给我打电话。)
6. used to 曾经……;过去……
例句:He used to be short, but now he is tall.(他过去很矮,但现在很高。)
用法:used to do sth. 过去常常做某事;其否定形式为didn't use to do sth. 或used not to do sth.
7. give away 赠送;捐赠
例句:She gave away all her old clothes to the poor.(她把所有的旧衣服都捐给了穷人。)
8. set up 建起;设立
例句:They set up a new school in the village last year.(他们去年在村里建了一所新学校。)
9. make a difference 影响;有作用
例句:Everyone can make a difference to the environment.(每个人都可以对环境产生影响。)
10. be similar to 与……相似
例句:My bike is similar to yours.(我的自行车和你的相似。)
短语练习
1. 写出下列短语的汉语意思
clean up ______ 答案:打扫(或清除)干净
care for ______ 答案:照顾;非常喜欢
try out ______ 答案:参加……选拔;试用
put off ______ 答案:推迟
call up ______ 答案:打电话给(某人);征召
used to ______ 答案:曾经……;过去……
give away ______ 答案:赠送;捐赠
set up ______ 答案:建起;设立
make a difference ______ 答案:影响;有作用
be similar to ______ 答案:与……相似
2. 用适当的短语填空
We decided to ______ a club to help the poor students. 答案:set up
My father ______ smoke, but he doesn't now. 答案:used to
You should ______ your room. It's too dirty. 答案:clean up
Don't ______ what you can do today until tomorrow. 答案:put off
Can you help me ______ the books 答案:give away
三、句型预习
1. “There be + 主语 + doing sth.” 结构
例句:There is a boy playing football on the playground.(操场上有个男孩在踢足球。)
用法:表示“有某人或某物正在做某事”,其中be动词的形式要与主语的单复数形式保持一致。
2. “volunteer to do sth.” 结构
例句:I volunteer to help the old people in the nursing home.(我自愿去养老院帮助老人。)
用法:表示“自愿做某事” ,volunteer在这里作动词。
3. “It's + adj. + (for sb.) + to do sth.” 结构
例句:It's important for us to learn English well.(对我们来说学好英语很重要。)
用法:it是形式主语,真正的主语是后面的动词不定式短语。for sb. 表示“对于某人来说” ,当形容词是描述人的性格、品质等时,用of sb. ,如:It's kind of you to help me.(你帮助我真是太好了。)
4. “ask sb. (not) to do sth.” 结构
例句:The teacher asks us to listen carefully in class.(老师要求我们在课堂上认真听讲。)
用法:表示“要求某人(不要)做某事” ,其否定形式是在to前加not。
5. “tell sb. (not) to do sth.” 结构
例句:My mother tells me not to stay up late.(妈妈告诉我不要熬夜。)
用法:表示“告诉某人(不要)做某事” ,否定形式同样是在to前加not。
句型练习
1. 用所给词的适当形式填空
There are some students ______(read)books in the library. 答案:reading
I volunteer ______(teach)the children English. 答案:to teach
It's necessary for us ______(exercise)every day. 答案:to exercise
The teacher asks us ______(not talk)in class. 答案:not to talk
My father tells me ______(clean)my room on weekends. 答案:to clean
2. 按要求完成句子
There is a girl. She is singing in the classroom.(合并为一句)
There is a girl ______ in the classroom. 答案:singing
It's important. We should learn English well.(合并为一句)
It's important for us ______ ______ English well. 答案:to learn
The teacher asks us to hand in our homework on time.(改为否定句)
The teacher asks us ______ ______ hand in our homework on time. 答案:not to
四、语法预习
动词不定式
1. 定义:动词不定式是由“to + 动词原形”构成(有时可以不带to),它没有人称和数的变化,在句子中不能作谓语。
2. 用法
作主语:动词不定式作主语时,常用it作形式主语,而将真正的主语动词不定式后置。如:To learn a foreign language is not easy. = It's not easy to learn a foreign language.(学一门外语不容易。)
作宾语:常跟动词不定式作宾语的动词有want, decide, hope, expect, wish, plan, learn, agree等。如:I want to go shopping.(我想去购物。)
作宾语补足语:常见的带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的结构有ask sb. to do sth., tell sb. to do sth., want sb. to do sth.等;不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有let, make, have等使役动词以及see, hear, watch, feel等感官动词 。如:Let him go.(让他走吧。);I saw him play football yesterday.(我昨天看见他踢足球了。)但在被动语态中,省略的to要还原,如:He was made to work ten hours a day.(他被迫每天工作十个小时。)
作目的状语:动词不定式作目的状语,通常放在句首或句末。如:To get good grades, we need to study hard.(为了取得好成绩,我们需要努力学习。);We go to school to learn knowledge.(我们去上学是为了学习知识。)
作后置定语:动词不定式作后置定语时,要放在被修饰词的后面。如:I have something important to tell you.(我有重要的事情要告诉你。)
语法练习
1. 单项选择
My mother often asks me ______ early.
A. get up B. gets up C. getting up D. to get up 答案:D
It's very kind ______ you to help me with my English.
A. of B. for C. to D. with 答案:A
The teacher made him ______ the classroom after school.
A. clean B. to clean C. cleaning D. cleaned 答案:A
I want ______ a new bike.
A. buy B. buying C. to buy D. bought 答案:C
______ healthy, we should eat more vegetables and fruits.
A. Keep B. Keeping C. To keep D. Keeps 答案:C
2. 用所给动词的适当形式填空
I decide ______(go)to Beijing for my holiday. 答案:to go
The teacher asked us ______(not make)any noise. 答案:not to make
Let's ______(play)basketball after school. 答案:play
She wants to be a singer, so she practices ______(sing)every day. 答案:singing(注意这里practice后接动词 - ing形式,不属于动词不定式内容,但容易混淆)
Do you have anything ______(say) 答案:to say
五、课文预习
1. 提前阅读Unit 2的3a - 3c及Self Check部分的文章,标记出不认识的单词和不理解的句子。
2. 尝试翻译文章,理解文章大意。在翻译过程中,注意重点词汇和短语的运用以及句子结构。
3. 思考文章后的问题,尝试回答,培养阅读理解能力。
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