中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
Unit 6 An old man tried to move the mountains
知识清单导学案
2025人教版英语八年级下册
使用说明:
《人教版英语八年级下册六单元寒假知识清单及导学案 【寒假预习】》,是依据课程标准及教材内容精心编制的英语学习指导方案,专为八年级学生寒假自主预习设计。
该清单对单元知识进行了全面且系统的梳理,涵盖词汇、短语、句型、语法以及课文等多个重要板块。在词汇部分,不仅对重点单词的词义、用法、变形及相关短语进行了详细阐释,还配备了针对性练习,帮助学生扎实掌握词汇;短语板块通过列举常用短语及其例句,强化学生对短语的理解与运用;句型板块深入剖析了单元中的关键句型,并设置多种练习,提升学生的语言表达能力。
一、词汇预习
重点单词
1. shoot / u t/ v. 射击;发射
过去式:shot
过去分词:shot
2. stone /st n/ n. 石头
3. weak /wi k/ adj. 虚弱的;无力的
反义词:strong(强壮的)
4. god /ɡ d/ n. 神;上帝
5. remind /r ma nd/ v. 提醒;使想起
常见用法:remind sb. of sth. 提醒某人某事
6. bit /b t/ n. 一点;小块
短语:a bit (of) 有点儿;稍微
7. silly / s li/ adj. 愚蠢的;不明事理的
同义词:stupid
8. instead / n sted/ adv. 代替;反而
常与of搭配,instead of (doing) sth. 代替(做)某事
9. turn...into 把……变成
10. object / bd kt/ n. 物体;物品
11. hide /ha d/ v. 隐藏;隐蔽
过去式:hid
过去分词:hidden
12. tail /te l/ n. 尾巴
13. magic / m d k/ adj. 有魔力的;神奇的
n. 魔法;魔术
14. stick /st k/ n. 棍;棒
v. 刺;戳;粘贴
过去式:stuck
过去分词:stuck
15. excite / k sa t/ v. 使激动;使兴奋
形容词:excited(人感到兴奋的);exciting(令人兴奋的)
16. western / west n/ adj. 西方的
名词:west(西方)
17. once upon a time 从前
18. stepsister / steps st (r)/ n. 继姐(妹)
19. prince /pr ns/ n. 王子
20. fall in love 爱上;喜欢上
21. fit /f t/ v. 适合;合身
过去式:fit/fitted
过去分词:fit/fitted
22. couple / k pl/ n. 两人;两件事物;夫妻
短语:a couple of 几个;一对
23. smile /sma l/ v. 微笑
n. 微笑
24. marry / m ri/ v. 结婚
过去式:married
过去分词:married
常见用法:marry sb. 与某人结婚;get married 结婚;be married (to sb.) (与某人)结婚(表示状态)
25. gold /ɡ ld/ n. 金子;金币
adj. 金色的
26. emperor / emp r (r)/ n. 皇帝
27. silk /s lk/ n. 丝绸;丝织物
28. nobody / n b di/ pron. 没有人
n. 小人物
29. stupid / stju p d/ adj. 愚蠢的
30. cheat /t i t/ v. 欺骗;蒙骗
n. 骗子
31. stepmother / stepm (r)/ n. 继母
32. wife /wa f/ n. 妻子;太太
复数:wives
33. husband / h zb nd/ n. 丈夫
34. whole /h l/ adj. 全部的;整体的
短语:the whole day 一整天
35. scene /si n/ n. (戏剧或歌剧的)场;场景
36. moonlight / mu nla t/ n. 月光
37. shine / a n/ v. 发光;照耀
过去式:shone
过去分词:shone
38. bright /bra t/ adj. 明亮的;光线充足的
副词:brightly
39. ground /ɡra nd/ n. 地;地面
40. lead /li d/ v. 带路;领路
过去式:led
过去分词:led
41. voice /v s/ n. 声音
42. brave /bre v/ adj. 勇敢的;无畏的
副词:bravely
(二)词汇练习
1. 根据汉语提示写单词
The hunter shot (射击) at the bird, but missed it.
The stone (石头) is so heavy that I can't move it.
She is too weak (虚弱的) to walk any further.
We should remind (提醒) him to take his medicine on time.
He is a little silly (愚蠢的) sometimes.
2. 用所给单词的适当形式填空
The story is very exciting (excite). We all like it.
My parents got married (marry) twenty years ago.
He decided to go there instead (instead) of staying at home.
She is a western (west) girl with long blonde hair.
The whole (whole) family went to the park yesterday.
二、短语预习
1. work on 从事;忙于
例句:He is working on a new project.(他正在从事一个新项目。)
2. as soon as 一……就……
用法:引导时间状语从句,若主句用一般将来时,从句要用一般现在时表将来。
例句:I will call you as soon as I arrive there.(我一到那儿就给你打电话。)
3. continue to do sth. 继续做某事(做另一件事)
区别:continue doing sth. 继续做某事(同一件事)
例句:After a short rest, he continued to do his homework.(休息片刻后,他继续做他的作业。 之前做的不是作业 )
例句:He continued reading the book after dinner.(晚饭后他继续读那本书。读的是同一本书 )
4. take away 拿走;带走
例句:Please take away the dirty dishes.(请把脏盘子拿走。)
5. a little bit 有点儿
用法:修饰形容词或副词
例句:He is a little bit tired.(他有点儿累。)
6. make 72 changes to his shape and size 对他的外形和大小进行72变
例句:Monkey King can make 72 changes to his shape and size to fight bad people.(孙悟空可以通过对他的外形和大小进行72变来打败坏人。)
7. give birth to 生孩子;产仔
例句:The woman gave birth to a healthy baby yesterday.(那位女士昨天生下了一个健康的宝宝。)
8. become interested in 对……感兴趣
例句:I became interested in English after watching the English movie.(看了这部英语电影后我对英语感兴趣了。)
9. in the forest 在森林里
例句:There are many animals in the forest.(森林里有很多动物。)
10. get lost 迷路
例句:They got lost in the mountains.(他们在山里迷路了。)
11. along the way 沿途;一路上
例句:We saw many beautiful flowers along the way.(一路上我们看到了许多美丽的花。)
12. the next day 第二天
例句:The next day, they found a way out of the forest.(第二天,他们找到了走出森林的路。)
13. leave...behind 留下;遗留
例句:Don't leave your books behind.(别把你的书落下了。)
14. go to sleep 去睡觉
例句:It's time to go to sleep.(该睡觉了。)
15. wake up 醒来
例句:I wake up at 7:00 every morning.(我每天早上7点醒来。)
短语练习
1. 翻译短语
从事一个计划:work on a plan
一完成作业:as soon as finish the homework
继续唱歌:continue singing
拿走这些书:take away these books
有点儿饿:a little bit hungry
2. 用适当的短语填空
As soon as (一……就……) he comes back, I will tell him the news.
She continued to do (继续做) her homework after supper.
The wind took away (拿走) the leaves on the ground.
I'm a little bit (有点儿) thirsty. Can I have some water
They went to the zoo and got lost (迷路) on the way.
三、句型预习
1. What do you think of... 你认为……怎么样?
用法:用来询问对方对某人或某事的看法,同义句型有“How do you like... ”
例句:What do you think of the movie = How do you like the movie (你认为这部电影怎么样?)
2. It doesn't seem + adj. + to do sth. 做某事似乎不是……
例句:It doesn't seem difficult to learn English well.(学好英语似乎不难。)
3. Unless... 除非;如果不……
用法:引导条件状语从句,相当于if...not...
例句:Unless you study hard, you won't pass the exam. = If you don't study hard, you won't pass the exam.(除非你努力学习,否则你不会通过考试。)
4. So...that... 如此……以至于……
用法:引导结果状语从句,so后接形容词或副词,that后接从句。
例句:He is so tired that he can't walk anymore.(他如此累以至于再也走不动了。)
5. One of + the + 形容词最高级 + 名词复数 最……之一
例句:The Great Wall is one of the most famous places of interest in China.(长城是中国最著名的名胜古迹之一。)
句型练习
1. 完成句子
你认为这本书怎么样?
What do you think of this book
学好数学似乎不容易。
It doesn't seem easy to learn math well
除非你早起,否则你会错过早班车。
Unless you get up early, you will miss the early bus
他跑得如此快以至于我们都追不上他。
He runs so fast that we can't catch up with him
黄河是中国最长的河流之一。
The Yellow River is one of the longest rivers in China
2. 句型转换
I don't go to the party if he doesn't invite me. (改为同义句)
I don't go to the party unless he invites me
The story is very interesting. We all like it. (用so...that...改写句子)
The story is so interesting that we all like it
四、语法预习
(一)if引导的条件状语从句
1. 含义:表示假设或条件,在句中作状语。
2. 时态搭配:
主将从现:如果主句是一般将来时,从句要用一般现在时表将来。
例句:If it doesn't rain tomorrow, we will go to the park.(如果明天不下雨,我们就去公园。)
主情从现:主句中含有情态动词,从句用一般现在时。
例句:You can go out to play if you finish your homework.(如果你完成作业,你就可以出去玩。)
主祈从现:主句是祈使句,从句用一般现在时。
例句:Don't forget to call me if you get there.(如果你到那儿了,别忘了给我打电话。)
3. 位置:if引导的条件状语从句可以放在主句之前,也可以放在主句之后。当从句在前时,要用逗号与主句隔开。
例句:If you work hard, you will succeed. = You will succeed if you work hard.(如果你努力工作,你就会成功。)
(二)unless引导的条件状语从句
1. 含义:“除非;如果不”,相当于if...not...
例句:I won't go to the party unless he invites me. = I won't go to the party if he doesn't invite me.(除非他邀请我,否则我不会去参加派对。)
2. 时态:与if引导的条件状语从句时态一致,遵循“主将从现”“主情从现”“主祈从现”原则 。
例句:Unless you hurry up, you will be late for school.(如果你不快点,你上学就会迟到。)
语法练习
1. 用所给动词的适当形式填空
If it rains (rain) tomorrow, we will stay (stay) at home.
You can pass (pass) the exam if you study (study) hard.
Don't forget (not forget) to close the door if you leave (leave) the room.
Unless you tell (tell) him the truth, he will be (be) angry with you.
2. 单项选择
( ) 1. —What will you do if it ______ tomorrow
—We will go to the mountains.
A. not rain B. doesn't rain C. won't rain
答案:B
( ) 2. You can't pass the exam ______ you study hard.
A. if B. unless C. when
答案:B
( ) 3. If you ______ to the party, you'll have a great time.
A. will go B. went C. go
答案:C
五、课文预习
1. 预习方法:
先听录音,模仿语音语调,注意单词的发音、连读、失去爆破等语音现象。
大声朗读课文,理解课文大意,圈出不理解的单词和句子。
结合课下注释和语法知识,分析课文中的重点句型和语法结构。
2. 课文内容梳理:
本单元围绕童话故事和民间故事展开。Section A部分通过《后羿射日》《愚公移山》等故事,呈现了重点词汇和if引导的条件状语从句等语法知识 。
Section B则介绍了《西游记》《灰姑娘》等经典故事,让同学们进一步学习描述故事的英语表达,同时巩固unless引导的条件状语从句等语法内容。
Self - Check用于对本单元所学词汇、句型和语法进行综合检测和复习。
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