Module 3 Journey to space 单元话题阅读理解 【含答案+解析】 -2024-2025学年八年级英语下册单元重难点高频易错题专练（外研版2024）

Module 3 Journey to space
单元话题阅读理解
一、阅读理解
Our nearest neighbour is the moon. In the sky, the moon and the sun seem to be of the same size because the moon is much nearer.
The moon makes the tides（潮汐）—the changes in the level of the sea. The moon and the sun together pull the sea. In some parts of the world, the difference between "high tide" (when the sea is very near to the land) and "low tide" (when the sea is far away from the land) is very big. This is very important to ships.
The moon is very different from the earth. Gravity（地心引力）on the moon is one-sixth of that on the earth. There isn't any air. During the day, the part of it that face the sun is very, very hot but at night it is very, very cold. Nothing can live on the moon.
If the moon goes between the earth and the sun, we have an eclipse of the sun（日食）. The moon stops the light from the sun and it is dark in the day.
If the earth goes between the moon and the sun, we have an eclipse of the moon. The moon goes into the shadow（影子）of the earth and it disappears for a few minutes.
1．From Paragraph 1 we know that _______.
A．the sun is as big as the moon B．the sun is smaller than the moon
C．the moon is lighter than the sun D．the moon is smaller than the sun
2．Which of the following is TRUE about the moon
A．It's very cold in the day time. B．It doesn't have any air on it.
C．It has no gravity. D．It is the same as the earth.
3．When the moon goes between the earth and the sun, it is dark in the day. We call it the eclipse of_______.
A．the moon B．the sun C．the stars D．the earth
4．Which of the following happens when we are an eclipse of the moon
A．The earth goes between the moon and the sun.
B．The moon goes into the shadow of the sun
C．The moon goes into the shadow of its own
D．The sun disappears for a few minutes.
5．Which of the following statements is TRUE
A．The moon and the sun are of the same size.
B．Gravity on the earth is one-sixth of that on the moon.
C．The moon itself pulls the sea and makes the tides.
D．When the sea is near to the land, a high tide may happen.
6．阅读理解
Is there intelligent（有智力的）life on other planets For years, scientists said "no." or "we don't know." But today this is changing. Seth Shostak and Alexandra Barnett are astronomers（天文学家）. They believe intelligent life exists（存在）somewhere in the universe. They also think we will soon contact them.
Why do Shostak and Barnett think intelligent life exists on other planets The first reason is time. Scientists believe the universe is about 12 billion years old. "This is long enough for other planets to have intelligent life, "say Shostak and Barnett. The second reason is size the universe is huge. "Tools like the Hubble Telescope（哈勃望远镜）have shown that there are at least 100 billion galaxies, "says Shostak. "And our galaxy, the Milky Way, has at least 100 billion stars. Some planets going around these stars might be similar to the earth. "
In the past, it was hard to look for signs of intelligent life in the universe. But now, powerful telescopes（高倍望远镜）allow scientists to discover smaller planets-the size of Mars or the earth-in other solar systems, these planets might have intelligent life.
Have beings from space already visited the earth "Probably not, "says Shostak. "It's a long way away. However, intelligent beings may contact us in other way, such as radio signals（信号）. In fact, they may be trying to communicate with us now, but we don't have the right tools to receive their messages. However, this is changing. By 2025, we could make contact with other life forms in our universe and we might help each other. "
（1）What is the main idea of Paragraph 2
A．The age and size of the earth.
B．Something about the Milky Way.
C．The reasons why intelligent life might exist.
D．The earth is the only planet with intelligent life.
（2）Why was it hard to look for signs of intelligent life in the universe in the past
A．There were not any smaller planets.
B．There were not any powerful telescopes.
C．The astronomers were not interested in them.
D．The Milky Way didn't exist at that time.
（3）Why haven't beings from space visited us yet according to Shostak
A．Because they're afraid of us.
B．Because it's long way away.
C．Because they don't want to see us.
D．Because they don't know how to use radio signals.
（4）What does the underlined phrase "life forms" in the last paragraph mean
A．Messages. B．Tools.
C．Radio signals. D．Intelligent beings.
7．阅读理解
In the universe, as we know, there is the sun, the moon, the earth and a good many stars. Through our geography lessons, we know the earth goes round the sun, and the moon goes round the earth. We have day and night because the earth keeps turning all the time. When our part of the earth turns to the sun, it is day. When our part of the earth turns away from the sun, it is night.
Just because the moon is closer to the earth than the sun, it looks much bigger than the sun. Big things will look smaller when they are farther, and small things also look bigger when they are nearer.
The sun is bright enough to give out very strong light. The moon can't give any light at all, but it looks quite bright, too. Why In fact, the light from the moon comes from the sun. The moon looks much bigger and brighter than the stars. But actually（事实上）the stars are much bigger and brighter than the moon. They look smaller than the moon also because they are farther away from the earth.
There are still many other planets in the universe.
But of all these planets, only on the earth there are living things and people can only live on the earth, too. But at 9：00 am on October 15th, 2003, Chinese pilot Yang Liwei was sent up to space. He stayed there for 21 hours. It was the first time for Chinese to get into space.
（1）When our part of the earth turns away from the sun, the other part of the earth is .
A．night B．day C．evening D．Sunday
（2）When did the pilot from our country return to the earth
A．On November 15th, 2002. B．On October 16th, 2003.
C．On May 15th, 2004. D．On October 15th, 2003.
（3）Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage
A．The moon goes round the earth, and it can't give out any light at all.
B．The moon goes round the sun, and its light is from the sun.
C．The earth moves round the moon, and people can live only on the earth.
D．Of all the planets, only the earth moves round the sun.
8．根据材料内容，选择正确答案。
Which Is More Useful
Thomas is in Grade Two now. He goes to school from Monday to Friday. After school he must do some housework. He helps his parents on the farm(农场) on Saturdays and Sundays. So he doesn't have any time to play football in the daytime. He often plays with his friends in the moon(月亮).
It's five in the afternoon. School is over. Thomas goes home and cooks for his family. After dinner he sees his friend Paul near his house and asks him to play football. The boy looks at the sky and sees the moon. Then he asks, "Which is more useful, the sun or the moon "
"I think the moon is," says Thomas. "We need light(光线) in the evening, but we can not see the sun, but the moon!"
（1）Thomas' parents are .
A．workers B．teachers C．policemen D．farmers
（2）Thomas must work on the farm days in a week.
A．two B．three C．four D．five
（3）Thomas is busy in the daytime, so .
A．he does some homework in the evening
B．he does some washing (洗衣服) and cleaning in the evening
C．he plays football with his friends in the moon
D．he watches TV at home in the evening
（4）Thomas sees Paul today.
A．in the morning B．in the afternoon
C．in the evening D．at school
（5）Thomas only likes .
A．the sun B．the moon C．Saturdays D．Sundays
阅读理解
Why does the Sky Change Colours
What is the sky How high is it What colour is it What birds can live above it These questions are difficult to answer, aren't they
In fact, the sky has no colour. Then why does the sky look blue
We know that there is air around the world. When planes fly, they need air to lift their wings (机翼). Planes can't fly very high. That's because the air gets thinner when they go higher. The same will happen to us if we go high enough. If we go up about 1,000 kilometres from the earth, we'll find no air there. Some birds can fly into the sky as high as a plane, but they cannot fly or live without air.
Looking up above us, you will see the blue sky with white clouds. It is usually light blue. The colour will be bluer when you see on the top of a high mountain. And you will see fewer clouds in the sky between you and the sun.
Sometimes the sky doesn't look blue. When the sun rises or falls, you will see red, orange, and other colours in the sky. Such are the most beautiful moments of the day.
Who can see the colours of the sky high above the earth The astronauts! They can see those beautiful colours of the sky from outer space. However, before flying into outer space, they sit in a spaceship high above the earth, and there is no air at all. The sky will be that dark and its colour will be black.
Now you may understand that we see colours because the air scatters (使散射) the sunlight. Light travels through the air. Without air, there would be no light or colours.
9．Planes can't fly as high as possible because ____.
A．the sky is blue B．the wings are heavier
C．the sky has no colour D．the air becomes thinner
10．When you stand on the top of a high mountain, you will see ____.
A．more air B．bluer skies C．more colours D．more clouds
11．When might you see many colours in the sky during the day
A．At 6:00 am. B．At 9:00 am.
C．At 1:00 pm. D．At 3:00 pm.
12．According to the passage, why does the sky change colours
A．Because it's colourful itself.
B．Because the world is colourful.
C．Because the sunlight has colours.
D．Because the air scatters the sunlight.
阅读理解
It has been eight years since US astronaut Scott Kelly and Russian astronaut Mikhail Kornienko returned to the earth after living on the International Space Station(ISS) for 340 days. Times goes quickly, but it still means a lot as it is a record-setting journey — the longest time humans have spent living on the ISS.
▲Here is a small part of the book.
"I Can Look Down on the Earth"
From the ISS, I can look down on the earth. Some parts of the world are covered by gases(气体) from factories and cars. These parts make the earth look sick.
But one of my favourite parts is the Bahamas, which are islands in the Atlantic Ocean. The ocean is a mix of deep and light blues. I am lucky to see it.
"My Room Is Small"
I've been here for three weeks already. Sometimes, I wake up and think I'm upside down. My room is just big enough for me. I sleep in a sleeping bag. However, from the outside, the station looks like huge cans (金属容器) connected to each other. It is about the size of a football field.
"The Hardest Thing Is Putting On Socks"
Getting dressed is a bit hard when you can't "sit" or "stand", but I've got used to it. The hardest thing is putting on my socks. There is no gravity(重力) to help me bend(弯腰) over. I have no trouble deciding what to wear. I wear the same things every day.
13．Which of the following sentences can be put in "▲" in the passage
A．Kelly got along well with Mikhail.
B．Kelly kept on writing when he lived on the ISS.
C．Kelly wanted to write a book about his life in space.
D．Kelly wrote a book about what life is like in space.
14．From the part "I Can Look Down on the Earth", we know ____.
A．where the Atlantic Ocean is
B．how long Kelly stayed in space
C．what makes the earth look sick
D．what we can do on these islands
15．Which sentence tells us why it is hard for Kelly to put on socks in space
A．The hardest thing is putting on my socks.
B．There is no gravity to help me bend over.
C．I have no trouble deciding what to wear.
D．I wear the same things every day.
16．In which part of a newspaper can we probably find the passage
A．Nature. B．Science. C．Environment. D．History.
阅读理解
On 27th April 2022, NASA astronaut Jessica Watkins made history as she entered space on a SpaceX rocket. Dr Watkins is now the first black woman to serve on a long-term mission (任务) to the International Space Station(ISS).
Jessica is not only an astronaut, but also a geologist(地质学家). She was a member of the planning team for several of NASA's Mars missions. Her knowledge of geology helped decide rovers' paths on Mars.
In 2017, Jessica began a two-year programme to become a NASA astronaut. It helped her to prepare for her work in space. As part of that work, she took part in an underwater training mission. She lived in an underwater lab for nearly two weeks.
Jessica and the three other astronauts will spend six months on the ISS. Their job includes a number of scientific experiments. They will also help take care of the space station.
Before Jessica, only four other black women had gone on short-term missions into space. "I'm building on the foundation(基础) laid by them," said the astronaut. She hopes her work will set a good example for all children, especially black children. "You are well able to go on space missions and to achieve success!"
17．What does the underlined word "It" in Paragraph 3 refer to
A．The two-year programme.
B．The rover's path on Mars.
C．The underwater lab she lived in.
D．The underwater training mission.
18．How long will the four astronauts stay on the ISS
A．Half a year. B．One year.
C．One and a half year. D．Two years.
19．Which of the following is NOT true about Jessica
A．She is the only black woman that has go on missions into space.
B．She was among the planning team for several of NASA's Mars missions.
C．She wants to set good example for all children.
D．She is a brave woman that is able to serve on a long-term mission to the ISS.
20．What's the best title for this passage
A．Jessica Watkins Is a NASA Astronaut
B．Jessica Help Take Care of the Space Station
C．NASA Astronaut Jessica Watkins Made History
D．Jessica's Knowledge of Geology Helped Her Succeed
阅读理解
Venus is the second nearest planet from the sun. It is only a little smaller than the earth, about 95 %of the earth's diameter (直径) and 80 %of the earth's mass (质量). Earth and Venus are sometimes called the twin planets.
The word Venus means the goddess of love and beauty in Greek. ____▲____ probably because it is one of the brightest planets we have known by now. We human beings have known Venus for a long time. It has a cloudy atmosphere (大气层). This helps it reflect (反射)sunlight. So it appears to be very bright. It is easily observed in the sky. It is seen near the sun. It seems that it is the brightest thing in the sky except the sun and the moon. Venus reaches its maximum (最大的) brightness shortly before sunrise or shortly after sunset, and is often thought as the Morning Star or as the Evening Star. A lot of observation (观察)of Venus was important to Copernicus's Heliocentric Theory (日心说) of the solar system.
Scientists for years thought that Venus was very likely to have life in some ways. In 1962, scientists sent the first spacecraft to explore Venus, and we will know more about Venus in the future.
21．What's Venus like
A．It's bigger and lighter than the earth.
B．It's smaller and heavier than the earth.
C．It's bigger and heavier than the earth.
D．It's smaller and lighter than the earth.
22．Which of the following sentences can be put in
the ▲
A．It is very beautiful B．We can't see it clearly
C．We name the planet so D．The name is so beautiful
23．Which of the following is NOT true
A．Venus is the brightest in the sky.
B．Venus is known as the Morning Star or the
Evening Star.
C．Venus is a planet.
D．Venus is in the solar system.
24．Where may you see the passage
A．In a sports magazine. B．In a science report.
C．In a newspaper about health. D．In a storybook.
答案解析部分
1．D
2．B
3．B
4．A
5．D
大意：本文是介绍月球的文章。
考查阅读理解，首先读问题，弄清要点，以便能带着问题看文章。其次快速浏览全文，把握文章大意。再次细读原文，捕捉相关信息词，理解短文内容。最后重读原文，核对答案。
1．推理判断题。根据文中第一段第二句. In the sky, the moon and the sun seem to be of the same size because the moon is much nearer.在天空中，月亮和太阳似乎是一样的大小，因为月亮离太阳近得多。可知月亮比太阳小。故选D。
2．细节理解题。根据文中第三段第三句There isn't any air. 可知上面没有空气。故选B。
3．细节理解题。由文中 最后一段If the moon goes between the earth and the sun，we have an eclipse of the sun。如果月亮在地球和太阳之间，我们就会发生日食。可知当月亮在地球和太阳之间时，它在白天是黑暗的。我们称之为日食，故选B。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段 第一句If the earth goes between the moon and the sun，we have an eclipse of the moon.如果月亮在地球和太阳之间，我们就会发生日食。可知当我们发生月食时，地球在月亮和太阳之间运行。故选A。
5．细节理解题。根据第二段第三句high tide (when the sea is very near to the land) ，可知当海靠近陆地时，可能会发生涨潮。故选D。
6．（1）C
（2）B
（3）B
（4）D
短文大意：本文叙述了科学家认为其他星球也存在智能生命，因为宇宙形成的时间这么长，足够其他星球形成生命；其次宇宙这么大，周围会有跟地球相似的星球。不久来自太空的生命有可能将会和我们联系，我们可能到2025年，也会和他们取得联系，我们可能会互相帮助。
（1）段落大意题。根据段落主题句Why do Shostak and Barnett think intelligent life exists on other planets 可知这个段落讲的是有智慧的东西在其它星球存在的原因。故选C。
（2）推理判断题。根据 In the past, it was hard to look for signs of intelligent life in the universe. But now, powerful telescopes（高倍望远镜）allow scientists to discover smaller planets-the size of Mars or the earth-in other solar systems, these planets might have intelligent life. 过去，在宇宙中很难找到智慧生活的标志，但是现在，高倍望远镜让科学家发现了更小的行星-火星的大小或地球-在其它太阳系，这些行星可能有智慧的生命。可知过去人们很难发现智慧生命的标志是因为没有高倍望远镜。故选B。
（3）推理判断题。根据 Have beings from space already visited the earth "Probably not, "says Shostak. "It's a long way away. 可知Shostak.认为来自太空的生命可能没有来过地球，因为路途遥远。故选B。
（4） 词义猜测题。根据 However, intelligent beings may contact us in other way, 可知智能生命可能会用其他方式联系我们，故推测此处的life forms指的是intelligent beings，故选D。
此题考查阅读理解。这道题涉及段落大意，推理判断和词意猜测。段落大意可根据段落的主题句决定。对于推理判断题，我们要根据文章的细节内容进行推理，确定正确答案。对于词意猜测题，我们要根据上下文的联系确定，找出正确答案。
7．（1）B
（2）B
（3）A
短文大意： 此篇文章介绍的是太空中，宇宙意味着地球，太阳，月亮和星星及其它们之间的空间。以及之间的关联。
（1）细节理解题。根据When our part of the earth turns to the sun, it is day. When our part of the earth turns away from the sun, it is night. 当地球上我们的部分转向太阳时，是白天。当地球上我们的部分转离太阳时，是晚上，可知地球的另一面是白天。故选B。
（2）细节理解题。根据 But at 9：00 am on October 15th, 2003, Chinese pilot Yang Liwei was sent up to space. He stayed there for 21 hours. 但是在003年10月15日上午九点钟，中国飞行员杨利伟被发射到太空。在那里呆了21个小时。可知他是2003年10月16日离开的。故选B。
（3）推理判断题。根据 Through our geography lessons, we know the earth goes round the sun, and the moon goes round the earth. The moon can't give any light at all, but it looks quite bright, too. 可知月亮绕着地球转。月亮本身不发光。故选A。
此题考查阅读理解。此题涉及细节理解和推理判断题。对于细节理解题。我们先分析问题，弄清题意。然后仔细阅读短文，从短文的细节中找到和问题相关的语句，确定问题答案。对于推理判断题，我们在理解问题后仔细阅读短文，从短文的细节中推理判断问题的正误。
8．（1）D
（2）A
（3）C
（4）C
（5）B
（1）细节理解。通过第一段中“He helps his parents on the farm on Saturdays and Sundays. ”可判断托马斯的父母是农民。故选D
（2）细节理解。通过第一段中“He helps his parents on the farm on Saturdays and Sundays. ”可知，托马斯一周中在农场工作两天。故选A
（3） 细节理解。白天托马斯放学后干家务很忙·所以只能在晚上跟朋友们踢足球。故选C
（4）细节理解。根据第二段中“after dinner”可知。故选C
（5）细节理解。短文的最后一段说明了这个问题。他说：“月亮比太阳重要. 因为我们晚上需要光线-而这时我们看到的是月亮而不是太阳。”故选B
考查对篇章的把握和对细节的识别能力，答题时注意紧扣问题中的关键词，在文章中寻找答案。
9．D
10．B
11．A
12．D
文章大意：本文主要探讨了天空为什么会改变颜色的原因。
考查阅读理解。主要考查细节理解题这种常考题型。要学会从题目中定位关键信息，然后回到原文中找到对应的位置进行仔细阅读，以确保答案的准确性。
9．细节理解题。根据原文Planes can't fly very high. That's because the air gets thinner when they go higher.可知，飞机不能飞得太高是因为空气随着高度的增加而变得越来越稀薄，故答案为D。
10．细节理解题。根据原文The colour will be bluer when you see on the top of a high mountain.可知，当你站在高山之巅时，你会看到更蓝的天空，故答案为B。
11．细节理解题。根据原文When the sun rises or falls, you will see red, orange, and other colours in the sky.可知，在日出或日落时，你会在天空中看到红色、橙色和其他颜色，选项At 6:00 am.（早上6点）符合日出时间，故答案为A。
12．细节理解题。根据原文Now you may understand that we see colours because the air scatters (使散射) the sunlight.可知，我们能看到颜色是因为空气散射了阳光，故答案为D。
13．D
14．C
15．B
16．B
文章大意：本文是一篇关于宇航员在太空生活的文章。文章通过引用宇航员Kelly在太空站生活的部分日记内容，描述了他在太空中的所见所感，包括从太空看地球的景象、太空站的生活条件以及太空中的日常活动。
考查阅读理解。主要考查推理判断题、细节理解题和文章出处题。对于需要推断或理解的题目，要仔细阅读相关段落，并尝试理解作者想要表达的意思。有时需要联系上下文，或者根据常识和背景知识进行推断。对于细节题，尤其是关于文章具体内容的题目，首先要回到原文中定位相关信息。仔细阅读相关段落，找出与题目描述相符的细节。
13．推理判断题。根据原文Here is a small part of the book.可知，此处指的是书的一部分内容，而后续内容描述了宇航员在太空的生活，因此可以推断出这本书是关于太空生活的，选项Kelly wrote a book about what life is like in space.与这一推断相符，说明Kelly写了一本关于太空生活的书，因此可以放在挖空处，故答案为D。
14．细节理解题。根据原文Some parts of the world are covered by gases from factories and cars. These parts make the earth look sick.（世界上有些地方被工厂和汽车排放的气体所覆盖，这些地方让地球看起来生病了），可知从这部分内容中得知是什么让地球看起来生病了，故答案为C。
15．细节理解题。根据原文There is no gravity to help me bend over.（没有重力帮助我弯腰），这句话直接解释了为什么Kelly在太空穿袜子很难，因为没有重力使得他无法像在地面上那样轻松地弯腰穿袜子，故答案为B。
16．文章出处题。综合文章内容分析，文章主要讲述了宇航员在太空的生活和经历，包括他们看到的地球景象、太空站的生活条件以及太空中的日常活动。这些内容都属于科学范畴，因此最有可能在报纸的Science（科学）部分找到这篇文章。其他选项如Nature（自然）、Environment（环境）和History（历史）虽然与文章的部分内容有关联，但不如Science更直接和贴切，故答案为B。
17．A
18．A
19．A
20．C
文章大意：本文讲述了NASA宇航员Jessica Watkins的太空之旅，她成为了第一位在国际空间站执行长期任务的黑人女性，创造了历史。
考查阅读理解。主要考查代词指代题、细节理解题和标题选择题。对于代词指代类小题，要仔细阅读代词前后的句子，理解语境，根据语境判断代词的具体指代对象。对于需要确定具体信息的小题，首先要快速浏览题目和选项，然后回到原文中找到相关信息的位置，仔细阅读并对比选项，选择最符合原文意思的答案。标题选择要选择最能概括文章主要内容和主旨的标题。
17．代词指代题。根据原文In 2017, Jessica began a two-year programme to become a NASA astronaut. It helped her to prepare for her work in space.分析，这里的It指代的是前面提到的两年计划，即成为NASA宇航员的两年培训计划，这个计划帮助她准备太空工作，故答案为A。
18．细节理解题。根据原文Jessica and the three other astronauts will spend six months on the ISS.可知，四名宇航员将在国际空间站停留六个月，即半年，故答案为A。
19．细节理解题。根据原文Before Jessica, only four other black women had gone on short-term missions into space.可知，在Jessica之前，已经有四名黑人女性进行了短期太空任务，因此她并不是唯一进行过太空任务的黑人女性，选项She is the only black woman that has go on missions into space.错误，故答案为A。
20．标题选择题。综合全文内容分析，文章主要讲述了Jessica Watkins成为第一位在国际空间站执行长期任务的黑人女性，创造了历史，选项NASA Astronaut Jessica Watkins Made History是最佳标题，故答案为C。
21．D
22．C
23．A
24．B
短文大意：本文主要介绍了与金星相关的科学知识。
考查科普类阅读。细节理解题要结合原文和题目有针对性的找到相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确的答案，推理判断题也要抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案，要有理有据。
21．细节理解题。根据Venus is the second nearest planet from the sun. It is only a little smaller than the earth, about 95 %of the earth's diameter (直径) and 80 %of the earth's mass (质量). 可知金星是距离太阳第二近的行星，它只比地球小一点，约为地球直径的95%，质量的80%。可知金星比地球更小更轻，故答案为D。
22．推理判断题。根据The word Venus means the goddess of love and beauty in Greek. ____▲____ probably because it is one of the brightest planets we have known by now. 可知金星这个词在希腊语中的意思是爱与美的女神可能是因为它是我们现在所知道的最亮的行星之一。根据前后文含义以及结合选项可知此处应该是我们之所以这样命名它。故答案为C。
23．细节理解题。根据it is one of the brightest planets we have known by now.可知它是我们现在所知道的最亮的行星之一，但是并没有说金星是天空中最亮的。A选项错误，故答案为A。
24．推理判断题。根据Venus is the second nearest planetfrom the sun . It is only a little smaller thanthe earth，about 95% of the earth's diameter (直径)and 80% of the earth's mass (质量).和短文内容可知本文主要介绍了与金星相关的科学知识。因此本文可能出现在一篇在科学报道中。故答案为B。