人教版(2019)必修 第二册Unit 5 Music Grammar 过去分词做状语和表语(精讲+精练)学案(含解析)

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名称 人教版(2019)必修 第二册Unit 5 Music Grammar 过去分词做状语和表语(精讲+精练)学案(含解析)
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Unit 5 Music
过去分词做状语和表语
一、过去分词作状语
功能:修饰整个句子,表示动作发生的背景、原因、条件、让步或伴随状态,相当于状语从句的简化。
位置:通常位于句首或句尾,用逗号与主句隔开。
逻辑主语:必须与主句主语一致(即分词动作的承受者是主句主语)。
常见类型及例句:
1. 表原因(≈ because...):
- Exhausted by the hike, they decided to rest.(= Because they were exhausted...)
- Frightened by the noise, the cat hid under the bed.
2. 表时间(≈ when...):
- Seen from the hill, the city looks like a toy town.(= When it is seen from the hill...)
- Once published, the book became a bestseller.
3. 表条件(≈ if...):
- Given more time, I could finish the project.(= If I were given more time...)
- Compared with yours, my effort seems small.
4. 表伴随状态(描述与主句动作同时发生的情况):
- She walked into the room, followed by her assistant.
- He sat quietly, lost in thought.
特点:
- 过去分词与主句主语是被动关系(主语是分词动作的承受者)。
- 可替换为“being + 过去分词”结构,但更简洁(如:Being tired, he went to bed → Tired, he went to bed)。
对比现在分词作状语:
- 现在分词表示主动关系(如:Hearing the news, she smiled. → 她主动“听到”)。
- 过去分词表示被动关系(如:Told the news, she smiled. → 她被“告知”)。
二、过去分词作表语
功能:放在系动词(be, seem, look, feel, remain 等)后,描述主语的状态或性质。
结构:主语 + 系动词 + 过去分词
核心:强调主语所处的状态(而非动作本身)。
#例句:
1. The window is broken.(窗户是破的 → 状态)
2. She seemed confused by the question.(她显得困惑 → 状态)
3. The children looked excited about the trip.(孩子们看起来很兴奋 → 状态)
特点:
- 过去分词已形容词化,可直接用程度副词修饰(如:very interested, completely exhausted)。
- 常表示情感或心理状态(如:interested, surprised, bored, satisfied)。
对比被动语态:
- 被动语态强调动作(含动作执行者或时间):
- The window was broken by the storm.(强调“被打破”的动作)
- 表语结构强调状态(无动作执行者):
- The window is broken.(只说明“窗户是破的”这一状态)
三、易错点与注意事项
1. 区分表语和被动语态:
- 被动语态有动作时间/执行者,表语只有状态:
- The cup is cracked.(表语:杯子有裂纹)
- The cup was cracked by the child.(被动:孩子打裂了杯子)
2. 状语逻辑主语一致性:
- Seen from space, we can see the Earth is blue.(错误:主语“we”不能“被从太空看”)
- Seen from space, the Earth looks blue.(正确:地球“被从太空看”)
3. 情感类过去分词作表语:
- 以人作主语时,用过去分词(如:I’m bored);
- 以物作主语时,用现在分词(如:The movie is boring)。
习题对点练
1.He was so (devote) to his work that he was named “Crazy Jack Ma”.
2.They only think it is a cheap way to travel and don’t really want to get (involve)in hard work.
3.Many people felt (cheat) when the government refused to solve their problems.
4.My efforts finally paid off and my academic scores got (improve).
5.His dream is to get (employ) by a bank, so he studies hard to improve his professional skills.
6.To get (promote), they are working very hard.
7.Actively getting (involve) in voluntary service in the local community can develop students’ sense of responsibility. (所给词的适当形式填空)
8.People feel more and more (cheat) and get more and more angry.
9.I was totally (engage) in my study and didn’t notice someone enter. (所给词的适当形式填空)
10.You can get (refresh) after applying the cream evenly to the skin of your face and neck .
11.Men remain better (pay) than women in many occupations, particularly in industry.
12.Anyone touching that wire could get badly (shock).
13.Nowadays, teens become easily (addict) to mobile games, which has gotten a lot of attention.
14.I find it hard to stay (focus) on my homework when the TV is on. (所给词的适当形式填空)
15.All who participated have gained a positive outcome from getting (involve).(所给词的适当形式填空)
16.Vehicles go faster than ever, but they remain (trap) in traffic jams.
17.Joining the firm as a clerk, he gradually got (promote), and ended up as a manager.
18.All the passengers should remain (seat) when the plane is making a landing.
19.Cleaning women in big cities usually get (pay) by the hour.
20.Because of his hard work, he got (promote).
21.Once you have your tools set up, it is time to get (start)on the task.
22.Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got (sweep) into a pile of kitchen rubbish. (所给词的适当形式填空)
23.Her legs had got (swell) from standing up all day.
24.It’s hard to train children to be well (behave) at the table.
25.I was (involve) in reading so I didn’t hear your knock at the door.
26.When the wheel got (stick)in the mud,he jumped into the swamp to push the cart out with his shoulder. (所给词的适当形式填空)
27.It’s widely rumoured that she’s getting (promote). (所给词的适当形式填空)
28.Although many of the stones have fallen out, the monument remains very well (preserve).
29.It’s natural for her to do anything to get (notice).
30.She was ( employ ) in doing the rewarding job every day. (所给词的适当形式填空)
31. (compare) with them, we are much happier.
32. (inspire) by his teacher’s words, Ben decided to teach in the village.
33. by acts of kindness she witnessed in her community, she decided to dedicate her weekends to volunteering at the local animal shelter. (inspire)
34.She has shown considerable improvement in her academic performance, (compare) with last semester.
35. (expose) to the freezing weather, many brave tourists and scientists still choose to visit Antarctica.
36. (employ) in endless work, she couldn’t spare even one minute for pleasure.
37. (distribute) to the students at home, the textbooks enabled them to study more efficiently.
38. (employ) in dealing with professional matters, he paid no attention to the outside world.
39. (locate) at the heart of this city, the museum attracts thousands of visitors every year.
40. (base) on a short story by Thomas Mann, the film is well received.
41. (strike) by his inspiring words, I decided to make efforts to improve my English.
42. (watch) by millions, the ending to the race has divided opinions. (所给词的适当形式填空)
43. (compare) with the past, her fitness has improved a lot.
44. (impression) by the beautiful scenery, I forgot to go back home in time. (所给词的适当形式填空)
45. (lose) in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.
46. (compare) with the old one, the new building looks more beautiful.
47. (aim) at improving the students’ ability of listening and speaking, the project is supported by us.
48. (equip) with advanced knowledge, we can better understand nature.
49. by the teachers from small villages, Zhang Tian became a volunteer teacher.(inspire) (所给词的适当形式填空)
50. (design) for advanced English learners, the dictionaries were sold out the day they came out.
51. (base) on a real-life incident, the movie is quite touching.
52. (commit) to education, he committed every minute to studying and teaching, so his commitment finally paid off.
53. (attract) by the vibrant colors of the sunset, the young artist sat down to paint.
54. (aim) at teenagers, this film is popular among high school students.
55. (face) with dangers, we must keep calm.
56. (equip) with advanced knowledge, we can struggle against nature.
57. (compare) with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all.
58. (occupy) with scientific research, he couldn’t spare time to contact his family.
59. (strike) by the beauty of the painting, he was deeply impressed.
60. (alarm) at the damage to the Amazon, he helped to encourage international support for its protection.
参考答案:
1.devoted
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:他对工作如此投入,以至于他被称为“疯狂的马云”。 be devoted to…致力于……,过去分词devoted to…作表语。故填devoted。
2.involved
【详解】考查过去分词。句意:他们只认为这是旅行的便宜的方式,并不是真的想要努力工作。根据句意可知,此处意为“参与”,表达为get involved in,过去分词作表语,故填involved。
3.cheated
【详解】考查过去分词。句意:当政府拒绝解决他们的问题时,许多人感到被骗了。逻辑主语Many people和非谓语动词cheat是被动关系,cheat用过去分词作表语。故填cheated。
4.improved
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:我的努力终于得到了回报,我的学习成绩得到了提高。此处improve与scores为被动关系,故用过去分词作表语。故填improved。
5.employed
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:他的梦想是在银行工作,所以他努力学习以提高自己的专业技能。此处是“get+动词-ed形式”,表示被动。故填employed。
6.promoted
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:为了升职,他们工作非常努力。此处作表语,且与they构成被动关系,应用过去分词。故填promoted。
7.involved
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:积极参与当地社区的志愿服务可以培养学生的责任感。结合句意表示“参与”可知短语为get involved in,过去分词involved作表语,故填involved。
8.cheated
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:人们感到越来越受骗,越来越生气。此处非谓语动词cheat与逻辑主语people构成被动关系,故用过去分词作表语。故填cheated。
9.engaged
【详解】考查动词。句意:我完全沉浸在学习中,没有注意到有人进来。此处考查动词短语be engaged in,意为“从事,参与”,设空处应用形容词engaged,作表语。故填engaged。
10.refreshed
【详解】考查过去分词。句意:将面霜均匀涂抹在面部和颈部皮肤上后,你可以精神焕发。get为连系动词,后接过去分词作表语,get refreshed:变得精神抖擞,符合句意,故填refreshed。
11.paid
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:在许多行业,尤其是工业领域,男性的收入仍然高于女性。分析句子可知,空处作remain的表语,是非谓语动词,且pay和Men逻辑上是被动关系,应用pay的过去分词形式paid。故填paid。
12.shocked
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:任何接触到电线的人都可能受到严重电击。分析句子可知,空处作get的表语,结合“that wire”可推知,空处表示“被电击”,应用shock的过去分词形式shocked。故填shocked。
13.addicted
【详解】考查过去分词。句意:现在,青少年很容易沉迷于手机游戏,这已经引起了很多关注。根据谓语动词“become”可知,空处应为非谓语动词;固定短语be/become/get addicted to...意为:沉迷于……,对……上瘾,符合句意,故应用过去分词形式,作表语。故填addicted。
14.focused
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:我发现电视开着的时候很难集中注意力做作业。stay后应用过去分词作表语,故填focused。
15.involved
【详解】考查过去分词。句意:所有参与的人都从参与中获得了积极的结果。get+动词过去分词,表示被动或状态,get involved表示“参与”,故填involved。
16.trapped
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:车辆的速度比以往任何时候都快,但它们仍然困在交通堵塞中。分析句子可知,空处作remain的表语,they(Vehicles)和trap之间为被动关系,应用trap的过去分词形式trapped,构成remain trapped,表示“仍然被困”。故填trapped。
17.promoted
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:他以职员的身份加入公司,后来逐渐得到提升,最后当上了经理。promote与he构成被动关系,故用过去分词作表语。故填promoted。
18.seated
【详解】考查过去分词。句意:飞机降落时,所有乘客应坐在座位上。remain在句中用作连系动词,故空处是表语,seat为及物动词,意为“使……就坐”,与主语All the passengers之间存在被动关系,故使用过去分词作表语,故填seated。
19.paid
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:大城市里的清洁女工通常按小时计酬。短语get paid表示“计酬”。故填paid。
20.promoted
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:由于工作努力,他升职了。表示“升职”短语为get promoted。故填promoted。
21.started
【详解】考查过去分词。句意:一旦你设置好了工具,是时候开始执行任务了。get started“开始”是固定表达,表示状态,用过去分词作表语。故填started。
22.swept
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:Pahlsson和她的丈夫现在认为戒指可能被扔进了厨房的垃圾堆。分析句子结构,空白处在句子中做表语,需使用非谓语动词形式,因与其逻辑主语the ring之间为逻辑上的动宾关系,应使用过去分词,故填swept。
23.swollen
【详解】考查过去分词。句意:因为整天站着,她的腿都肿了。“get +done”是常用表达,过去分词作表语。故填swollen。
24.behaved
【详解】考查固定短语。句意:要训练孩子在餐桌上举止得体是很难的。结合句意表示“举止得体”可知短语为be well behaved,故填behaved。
25.involved
【详解】考查过去分词。句意:我正忙于阅读,所以没有听到你敲门的声音。be involved in doing sth.是固定短语,意为“参加;参与;和……关系密切”。故填involved。
26.stuck
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:当车轮陷进泥里时,他跳进沼泽,用肩膀把马车推出去。get stuck“被困住”,stick作表语,主语wheel 和stick 之间是被动关系,所以用过去分词。故填stuck。
27.promoted
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:有传言说她要升职。根据句意可知,promote意为“升职”,与句子主语she之间为被动关系,用过去分词作表语。故填promoted。
28.preserved
【详解】考查非谓语。句意:虽然许多石头已经脱落,但纪念碑仍然保存完好。分析可知,此处应用非谓语动词作表语,逻辑主语monument和preserve之间是被动关系,应用过去分词。故填preserved。
29.noticed
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:她为了引起注意而做任何事都是很自然的。分析句子,设空处使用notice的过去分词noticed作表语,意为“被注意到的”,此处表示被动关系。故填noticed。
30.employed
【详解】考查过去分词。句意:她每天忙于做这份有意义的工作。be employed in doing sth忙于做某事,过去分词作表语。故填employed。
31.Compared
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:与他们相比,我们更快乐。空格处在句中作状语,动词compare与其逻辑主语we之间存在被动关系,因此需使用过去分词形式作状语,放在句首首字母大写。故填Compared。
32.Inspired
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:受到老师话语的启发,Ben决定去村里教书。谓语为decided,空处需要填非谓语动词,inspire与Ben之间为逻辑被动关系,应用过去分词作状语。置于句首,首字母大写。故填Inspired。
33.Inspired
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:受到她在社区中见证的善行的启发,她决定将周末时间投入到当地动物收容所的志愿服务中。空处在句中作非谓语,与主语she构成被动关系,应填过去分词形式inspired,位于句首,首字母大写。故填Inspired。
34.compared
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:与上学期相比,她的学习成绩有了很大的进步。短语be compared with表示“与……相比”,过去分词作状语。故填compared。
35.Exposed
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:尽管暴露在寒冷的天气中,许多勇敢的游客和科学家仍然选择去南极洲旅游。本句谓语为choose,此处为非谓语动词,且expose“使暴露”与逻辑主语many brave tourists and scientists为被动关系,应用过去分词,作状语。位于句首,首字母需大写。故填Exposed。
36.Employed
【详解】考查过去分词。句意:被无休止的工作所占据,她甚至不能抽出一分钟来享受。句子的谓语动词是spare ,employ用非谓语动词形式作状语,employ与逻辑主语she是被动关系,故使用过去分词employed。故填Employed。
37.Distributed
【详解】考查过去分词。句意:课本被分发给家里的学生,使他们能更有效地学习。此处为非谓语动词作状语,distribute与逻辑主语textbooks构成被动关系,所以用过去分词形式,位于句首,首字母需大写。故填Distributed。
38.Employed
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:由于忙于处理专业事务,他没有注意外界。“_____ in dealing with professional matters”在句中作原因状语,employ是非谓语动词,且常用被动语态形式be employed in表示主动的意思“忙于,从事”,所以用过去分词employed与其逻辑主语he构成被动关系,作原因状语;句首单词首字母大写。故填Employed。
39.Located
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:位于这座城市中心的博物馆每年吸引成千上万的游客。句中已有谓语attracts,空处作非谓语动词,be located为固定短语,去掉be动词,使用过去分词形式located作状语,置于句首,首字母大写。故填Located。
40.Based
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:这部电影改编自托马斯·曼的短篇小说,广受好评。短语be based on表示“基于”,省略be动词,用过去分词作状语,句首单词首字母要大写。故填Based。
41.Struck/Stricken
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:被他鼓舞人心的话触动了,我决定努力提高我的英语水平。strike和逻辑主语I之间是被动关系,使用过去分词作状语,strike的过去分词有两种形式struck和stricken,首字母应大写,故填Struck/Stricken。
42.Watched
【详解】考查过去分词。句意:在数百万人的注视下,这场比赛的结局众说纷纭。句中已有谓语has divided,空处作非谓语动词,watch和逻辑主语the ending to the race之间是被动关系,应用过去分词形式作状语,置于句首,首字母大写。故填Watched。
43.Compared
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:与过去相比,她的健康状况改善了很多。句中已有谓语动词has improved,“(compare) with the past”作比较状语,compare(与……相比)是非谓语动词,与其逻辑主语her fitness之间是被动关系,用过去分词表被动;句首单词首字母要大写。故填Compared。
44.Impressed
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:被这美丽的景色所感动,我忘了及时回家。空处需填非谓语动词作状语,impress 和 I 之间是被动关系,因与其逻辑主语I之间为逻辑上的动宾关系,使用过去分词。位于句首,首字母需大写。故填 Impressed。
45.Lost
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:因为陷入沉思,他几乎要撞上了他前面的汽车。动词lose和句子主语he是逻辑上的动宾关系,用过去分词形式,表示被动,作状语。位于句首,首字母大写。故填Lost。
46.Compared
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:和旧的相比,这栋新的建筑看起来更加漂亮。动词compare和句子主语the new building是逻辑上的动宾关系,用过去分词形式,表示被动,作状语。位于句首,首字母大写。故填Compared。
47.Aimed
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:旨在提高学生的听说能力,该项目得到了我们的支持。be aimed at,意为“旨在……;目的在于……”,aim与the project是被动关系,用过去分词作状语,故填Aimed。
48.Equipped
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:有了先进的知识,我们就能更好地了解自然。句子主干成分完整,空处是非谓语,表示一种条件,equip和we逻辑上是是动宾关系,短语be equipped with意为“装备有,具有”,因此用equip的过去分词形式,作状语,且句首单词的首字母需大写。故填Equipped。
49.Inspired
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:受到来自小村庄的老师们的启发,Zhang Tian申请并成为了一位志愿者老师。空处应用非谓语动词作状语,结合句意可知用inspire“启发,鼓舞”,inspire与其逻辑主语Zhang Tian之间为逻辑被动关系,应用过去分词形式,位于句首,首字母大写。故填Inspired。
50.Designed
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:这些词典是为高级英语学习者设计的,一经推出就被抢购一空。design与主语the dictionaries之间为被动关系,应用过去分词作状语。首字母大写。故填Designed。
51.Based
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:这部电影取材于一个真实的事件,非常感人。分析句子可知,设空处用作句子的原因状语,动词base和逻辑主语the movie是被动关系,应使用过去分词。位于句首首字母大写。故填Based。
52.Committed
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:他致力于教育,把每一分钟都投入到学习和教学中,所以他的投入最终得到了回报。句子已有谓语,空处是非谓语,短语be committed to意为“致力于”,commit和he逻辑上是被动关系,因此应用commit的过去分词形式,作状语,且句首单词首字母应大写。故填Committed。
53.Attracted
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:被日落鲜艳的颜色所吸引,这位年轻的艺术家坐下来画画。此处作状语,主语为the young artist,与attract之间为被动关系,故应用过去分词作状语,故填Attracted。
54.Aimed
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:以青少年为目标观众,这部电影在高中生中很受欢迎。句子的谓语动词为is,此处为非谓语动词,且aim“旨在,目的是,针对”与逻辑主语this film之间为被动关系,用过去分词形式,作状语,置于句首,首字母大写。故填Aimed。
55.Faced
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:面对危险,我们必须保持冷静。句中已有谓语动词must keep calm,空处用非谓语动词,be faced with“面临”是固定短语,省略be,用过去分词作状语,句首单词首字母大写。故填Faced。
56.Equipped
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:有了先进的知识,我们可以与自然斗争。句中已有谓语动词struggle,空格处应该用非谓语动词作状语,动词equip与句子主语we之间是被动关系,所以应该用过去分词equipped作状语。故填Equipped。
57.Compared
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:与整个地球的大小相比,最大的海洋似乎一点也不大。compare和逻辑主语the biggest ocean之间是动宾关系,使用过去分词作状语,首字母应大写,故填Compared。
58.Occupied
【详解】考查非谓语。句意:他忙于科学研究,无暇与家人联系。此空考查非谓语,occupy与其逻辑主语he为被动关系,再由句意可知,这里应用过去分词作状语,且句首时首字母应大写。故选Occupied。
59.Struck
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:他被这幅画的美丽打动了,他印象非常深刻。本句的谓语是was,所以空处应用非谓语动词。strike和逻辑主语he之间是动宾关系,所以应用过去分词,作状语。故填Struck。
60.Alarmed
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:他对亚马逊雨林遭到的破坏感到担心,于是帮助鼓励国际社会支持对其进行保护。“(alarm) at the damage to the Amazon”在句中作原因状语,动词alarm(使惊恐,使担心)是非谓语动词,与其逻辑主语he之间是被动关系,应用过去分词表被动;句首单词首字母大写。故填Alarmed。