专题18 阅读理解说明文
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1.（24-25高三上·山西·期末）People need trees. A world without different trees, a world devoid of a wide range of trees would be much the poorer. We rely on trees, of course, to absorb and store carbon dioxide. They provide us with food, fuel, medicine and construction materials. They shelter us from storms; they reduce soil erosion (流失).
There are almost 58,500 tree species in the world, a richness few of us can truly comprehend. But a shocking new international study has warned that between a third and half of those are at risk of extinction in the wild — posing a risk of wider ecosystem collapse. The comprehensive report by botanic Gardens Conservation International, found that twice as many tree species are threatened as mammals, birds and reptiles (爬行动物)combined.
More than 440 have fewer than 50 individuals left in natural environments. Worse, even abundant trees that survive in many cases are greatly reduced. In Brazil, where around one in five tree species are at risk, deforestation in the Amazon has hit the highest annual level in a decade.
The chief reason for tree loss is the destruction of habitat by farming, raising animals and logging. Global heating and its consequences. from extreme weather to rising sea levels, are increasingly causing damage. Tropical island states are particularly affected, but the problems lie closer to home too. Just 30 Menai whitebeams remain in north Wales, the only place on Earth where they are found.
Protecting such habitats must be the priority. One study suggests that global tree cover has actually increased over recent decades, but 420 million hectares of forest were lost between 1990 and 2020. However important tree-planting plans may be, new plantations are no substitute for complex and biodiverse environments that have evolved over centuries.
Where forests have been erased, natural regeneration is often best. Failing that, planting a variety of species is better than simply relying on a few fast-growing kinds of saplings (树苗). Only by working with communities can protection be sustainable. Preserving seeds in the hope that species can be brought back to life is necessary too. But it is a last resort. A seed bank cannot replace the rich life of a forest.
1．What does the underlined word “devoid” in Paragraph 1 probably mean
A．Short. B．Full. C．Fond. D．Proud.
2．What can we infer from Paragraph 2
A．There is no need to worry about tree loss.
B．The number of tree species is the largest.
C．A large number of trees are at risk of extinction.
D．Protecting trees is more important than protecting animals.
3．What is the major cause of tree loss
A．Global heating. B．Rising sea levels.
C．Extreme weather. D．The destruction of habitat.
4．What is the best way to save an erased forest
A．Planting a few fast-growing kinds of trees.
B．Regenerating forests naturally.
C．Building biodiverse environments.
D．Preserving seeds and establishing a seed bank.
【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了树木对人类的重要性、全球树木种类面临的灭绝风险、导致树木减少的主要原因以及保护树木和森林生态的建议和措施。
1．词句猜测题。根据划线单词所在句“A world without different trees, a world devoid of a wide range of trees would be much the poorer.(一个没有多样化树木的世界，一个……丰富树种的世界将变得贫瘠不堪。)”中“without different trees”和“a world devoid of a wide range of trees” 是并列关系，说明“devoid of a wide range of trees”和“without different trees”意思相近，也就是说划线单词和“缺少”意思相似。选项A“short”，意为“缺乏”，与此相符。故选A。
2．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“But a shocking new international study has warned that between a third and half of those are at risk of extinction in the wild— posing a risk of wider ecosystem collapse. The comprehensive report by botanic Gardens Conservation International, found that twice as many tree species are threatened as mammals, birds and reptiles(爬行动物)combined.(但一项令人震惊的新国际研究警告称，其中三分之一到半数的树种正面临野外灭绝风险——这可能引发更广泛的生态系统崩溃。国际植物园保护联盟的全面报告指出，受威胁的树种数量是哺乳动物、鸟类和爬行动物总和的两倍。)”可知，三分之一到半数的树种面临野外灭绝风险，且受威胁的树种数量是哺乳动物、鸟类和爬行动物总和的两倍，所以可以推断出有大量的树木面临灭绝的危险。故选C。
3．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“The chief reason for tree loss is the destruction of habitat by farming, raising animals and logging.(树木消失的主要原因是农业扩张、畜牧业发展和伐木活动导致的栖息地破坏。)”可知，树木减少的主要原因是农业、畜牧业和伐木对栖息地的破坏。故选D。
4．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Where forests have been erased, natural regeneration is often best.(在森林被砍伐的地区，自然再生往往是最佳选择。)”可知，在森林被砍伐的地方，自然再生往往是最好的。故选B。
2.（24-25高三上·湖北武汉·期末）In a grassland in Cambridge, Ont., a low hum fills the air. It’s a warm spring day and eastern bumblebee (大黄蜂) queens are busy with pollination (授粉). But take a closer look and you’ll notice some of them are wearing...backpacks
These backpacks are actually a tool used by post-doctoral fellow Amanda Liczner of the University of Guelph to learn more about the bees’ movement, behaviour and habitat choices. Instead of GPS collars normally used for tracking larger species, Liczner’s team attached tiny trackers to the queens’ backs. Once attached, these tiny trackers transmit radio signals to a collection of 44 radio towers which process the signals to record precise whereabouts. Liczner can then download the data from the towers to figure out how the bees are spending their time.
While we do know bumblebees need flowers, as Liczner will tell you, there’s a lot we still don’t know about bumblebees, especially about how pesticides (杀虫剂) affect bees’ movement. This lack of information, says Liczner, makes it tricky to provide specific conservation recommendations.
So far, the team has made some interesting discoveries. In experiments focused on how different pesticides affect bee movement, the scientists learned that while using newer classes of pesticides may not kill bumblebees, “we have found that they’re flying in significantly odd ways,” says Liczner. For example, pesticide-treated late-season queens, which would usually be resting and building up energy reserves for the winter, were moving “all over the place,” potentially burning up the fat stores they need to survive the winter.
What’s more, 30% of flights are at night. That “blows everyone’s mind,” says Liczner. “And it’s at all times of night!” This is important and potentially perturbing information, she says, because some regulations allow farmers to use pesticides between dusk and dawn, when bees were previously thought to be inactive.
This late summer, Liczner and her team were able to follow the backpacked queens to the spots where they dug into the ground to spend the winter. When the queens emerge, unfolding their wings in the spring sunshine, Liczner hopes to be there to learn more from this understudied species.
5．What is the function of “backpacks” on bumblebee queens
A．To film bees’ habitats. B．To reveal bees’ locations.
C．To attach GPS collars to bees. D．To receive signals from towers.
6．How do pesticides impact bumblebees
A．They disrupt bees’ flight patterns. B．They decrease bees’ night activity.
C．They confuse bees’ perception of seasons. D．They limit bees’ energy storage for winter.
7．What does the underlined word “perturbing” in paragraph 5 mean
A．Confusing. B．Exciting. C．Alarming. D．Comforting.
8．What might Liczner’s study help in the future
A．Develop effective pesticides. B．Discover unexplored species.
C．Promote agricultural policies. D．Conduct tailored preservation.
【答案】5．B 6．A 7．C 8．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了研究人员通过给大黄蜂安装微型追踪器来研究蜜蜂的行为模式以及杀虫剂所带来的影响。
5．细节理解题。根据第二段“Once attached, these tiny trackers transmit radio signals to a collection of 44 radio towers which process the signals to record precise whereabouts.(一旦连接上，这些微小的追踪器就会向44个无线电塔发送无线电信号，无线电塔会对信号进行处理，以记录精确的位置)”可知，大黄蜂女王的“背包”可以揭示蜜蜂的位置。故选B。
6．细节理解题。根据第四段“In experiments focused on how different pesticides affect bee movement, the scientists learned that while using newer classes of pesticides may not kill bumblebees, “we have found that they’re flying in significantly odd ways,” says Liczner. For example, pesticide-treated late-season queens, which would usually be resting and building up energy reserves for the winter, were moving “all over the place,” potentially burning up the fat stores they need to survive the winter.(在专注于不同杀虫剂如何影响蜜蜂运动的实验中，科学家们了解到，虽然使用新型杀虫剂可能不会杀死大黄蜂，但“我们发现它们以非常奇怪的方式飞行，”Liczner说。例如，经过杀虫剂处理的晚季蜂王，通常会休息并为冬天积累能量储备，它们正在“到处”移动，可能会燃烧它们过冬所需的脂肪储备)”可知，杀虫剂扰乱了蜜蜂的飞行模式。故选A。
7．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“What’s more, 30% of flights are at night.(更重要的是，30%的蜜蜂是在夜间飞行)”以及后文“because some regulations allow farmers to use pesticides between dusk and dawn, when bees were previously thought to be inactive(因为一些法规允许农民在黄昏到黎明之间使用杀虫剂，而这段时间蜜蜂被认为是不活跃的)”可知，法规允许农民在黄昏到黎明之间使用杀虫剂，导致原本这段时间不活跃的蜜蜂也夜间飞行，所以是揭示了令人担忧的信息。故划线词意思是“令人担忧的”故选C。
8．细节理解题。根据最后一段“This late summer, Liczner and her team were able to follow the backpacked queens to the spots where they dug into the ground to spend the winter. When the queens emerge, unfolding their wings in the spring sunshine, Liczner hopes to be there to learn more from this understudied species.(这个夏末，Liczner和她的团队能够跟随背包皇后到他们挖地过冬的地方。当蚁后在春天的阳光下展开翅膀时，Liczner希望能从这个未被充分研究的物种身上学到更多)”可知，Liczner的研究在未来有助于进行专门针对性的保护。故选D。
3.（24-25高三上·湖北武汉·期末）Past research has shown that many aspects of memory are affected by ageing, whereas recognition tasks that rely on well-known information are not. The effect of age on the ability to recall music has also been investigated, but Sarah Sauve, a music scientist at the University of Lincoln, was interested in exploring this effect in a real-world setting such as a live concert.
In her study published in PLOS ONE, she tested how well a group of 90 healthy adults, ranging in age from 18 to 86, were able to recognize familiar and unfamiliar musical themes at a live concert. The study focused on three music pieces: Eine kleine Nachtmusik by Mozart, which most participants were familiar with, and two experimental pieces. One of these was tonal and easy to listen to; the other was more atonal (无调的) and didn’t follow the typical melodic (旋律的) standards of Western classical music. A short melodic phrase from each of the three pieces was played three times at the beginning of that piece, and participants then logged whenever they recognized that theme in the piece.
The melodic phrase from the Eine kleine Nachtmusik was equally well recognized across all ages, with no toss of recognition as age increased. All participants were less confident in recognizing the theme in the unfamiliar tonal piece, and even less confident with the unfamiliar atonal piece. This patter, too, did not vary with age.
Steffen Herff, a cognitive (认知的) neuroscientist, says the reason musical memory seems to be resistant to age- related cognitive declines might be the emotions that music stirs in people, which makes it more rooted in memory.“We know from general memory research that, effectively, the emotional processing operates a little bit like an important stamp,” he says.
The study collected limited data on some participants’ cognitive health, and so didn’t provide detailed insights into how cognitive disorders affect memory recall. But it revealed the great interest in using music as a memory aid for other information in individuals with neurogenerative conditions such as dementia (痴呆).
9．What can be inferred from previous research
A．Age increase affects musical memory. B．Music recall in real life proves challenging.
C．Ageing influences memory in every respect. D．Established knowledge benefits recognition.
10．What should participants do in Sarah Sauvé’s experiment
A．Compare the rhythms. B．Identify specific phrases.
C．Recognize the composers. D．Memorize complex themes.
11．Why does Steffen Herff mention “an important stamp” in paragraph 4
A．To stress the positive impact of music. B．To explain the reason for cognitive decline.
C．To illustrate the role of emotions in memory. D．To emphasize the emotions’ resistance to age.
12．Which of the following is the best title for the text
A．Masic: A Powerful Memory Aid B．Musical Memory: Free from Ageing
C．Familiarity: Key to Ageless Memory D．Memory and Emotion: Cognitive Twins
【答案】9．D 10．B 11．C 12．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了音乐记忆不受年龄影响的研究发现。
9．推理判断题。由文章第一段中“Past research has shown that many aspects of memory are affected by ageing, whereas recognition tasks that rely on well-known information are not. (过去的研究表明，记忆的许多方面会受到衰老的影响，而依赖于人们熟知信息的识别任务则不会。)”可知，记忆的许多方面都会受到衰老的影响，而依赖于已知信息的识别任务则不会。因此可以推断出，已确立的知识有助于认知。故选D。
10．细节理解题。由文章第二段中“A short melodic phrase from each of the three pieces was played three times at the beginning of that piece, and participants then logged whenever they recognized that theme in the piece. (每首乐曲开头都会播放三次一个简短的旋律片段，参与者随后记录他们何时再次识别出该乐曲主题。)”可知，参与者需要识别特定的旋律片段。故选B。
11．推理判断题。由文章第四段中“Steffen Herff, a cognitive (认知的) neuroscientist, says the reason musical memory seems to be resistant to age- related cognitive declines might be the emotions that music stirs in people, which makes it more rooted in memory.“We know from general memory research that, effectively, the emotional processing operates a little bit like an important stamp,” he says. (认知神经科学家Steffen Herff表示，音乐记忆似乎能抵御与年龄相关的认知衰退，原因可能在于音乐能唤起人们的情感，这使得音乐在记忆中扎根更深。“我们从一般的记忆研究中了解到，实际上，情感加工有点像是一枚重要的印记，”他说道。)”可知，他提到“一个重要的印记”是为了说明情感在记忆中的作用。故选C。
12．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第一段“Past research has shown that many aspects of memory are affected by ageing, whereas recognition tasks that rely on well-known information are not. The effect of age on the ability to recall music has also been investigated, but Sarah Sauve, a music scientist at the University of Lincoln, was interested in exploring this effect in a real-world setting such as a live concert. (过去的研究表明，记忆的许多方面会受到衰老的影响，而依赖于人们熟知信息的认知任务则不会。年龄对音乐回忆能力的影响也已经有人研究过了，但林肯大学的音乐学家Sarah Sauve却对在诸如现场音乐会这样的现实场景中探究这一影响很感兴趣。)”可知，文章主要讲述了音乐记忆似乎不受与年龄相关的认知衰退的影响，并探讨了其原因可能是音乐引发的情感使音乐记忆更加根深蒂固。因此，B选项“Musical Memory: Free from Ageing (音乐记忆：不受年龄影响)”最能概括文章主旨。故选B。
4.（2025·山东菏泽·一模）Wikipedia (维基百科), one of the last remaining pillars of the open and free web, is in existential crisis.
The trend towards rationality (理性) was endangered long before the birth of the World Wide Web. As Neil Postman noted in his 1985 book Amusing Ourselves to Death, the rise of television introduced not just a new medium but a new atmosphere: a gradual shift from a typographic (印刷的) culture to a photographic one, which in turn meant a shift from rationality to emotions, opinions to entertainment.
In an image-centered and pleasure-driven world, Postman noted, there is no place for thinking, because you simply cannot think with images. It is text that enables us to “uncover lies and confusions, and to detect abuses of logic and common sense. It also means to weigh ideas, to compare and contrast statements, to connect one generalization to another.”
The dominance of television was not contained to our living rooms. It overturned all of those habits of mind, fundamentally changing our experience of the world, affecting politics, religion, business, and culture. It reduced many aspects of modern life to entertainment and commerce. “Americans don’t talk to each other; we entertain each other,” Postman wrote. “They don’t exchange ideas; they exchange images. They do not argue with propositions; they argue with good looks, celebrities and commercials.”
At first, the web seemed to push against this trend. When it emerged towards the late 1980s as a purely text-based medium, it was seen as a tool to pursue knowledge, not pleasure. Reason and thought were most valued in this garden. Universities were among the first to connect to this new medium, hosting discussion groups, informative blogs, electronic magazines, and academic forums. It was an intellectual project, not about commerce or control, created in a scientific research center in Switzerland.
Wikipedia was a fruit of this garden. So was Google search and its text-based advertising model. And so were blogs, which valued text, hyperlinks, knowledge, and literature. And for more than a decade, the web created an alternative space that threatened television’s power over society.
Social networks, though, have since colonized the web for television’s values. From Facebook to Instagram, the medium refocuses our attention on videos and images, rewarding emotional appeals — “like” buttons over rational ones. Instead of searching for knowledge, it engages us in an endless passion for instant approval from an audience, for which we are constantly but unconsciously performing. It reduces our curiosity by showing us exactly what we already want and think, based on our profiles and preferences. The Enlightenment’s motto (座右铭) of “Dare to know” has become “Dare not to care to know.”
Now the challenge is to save Wikipedia and its promise of a free and open collection of all human knowledge among the conquest of social media - how to collect and preserve knowledge when nobody cares to know. We need to understand that the decline of the web and thereby of the Wikipedia is part of a much larger civilization shift which has just started to unfold.
13．According to Neil Postman, which of the following statements is TRUE
A．Television started a revolution in photographic technology.
B．Texts help people think critically to make judgments.
C．Images give people more chances to communicate deeper.
D．The web was meant to serve as an entertainment platform.
14．The underlined word “propositions” in paragraph 4 probably means “________”.
A．experiences B．appearances C．opinions D．consequences
15．What can we infer about the influence of social media from the underlined sentence
A．We are constantly distracted and can’t focus for long.
B．We are well kept updated with the latest information.
C．We have become more curious about the outside world.
D．We have become uninterested in intellectual pursuits.
16．Which of the following can be the best title of this passage
A．The Decline of Television B．The Power of Social Media
C．Why We Amuse Ourselves to Death D．How Social Media Endangers Knowledge
【答案】13．B 14．C 15．D 16．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要对维基百科等网络知识平台所面临的危机进行了深入分析和评论，探讨了互联网从最初的理性、知识追求导向逐渐转变为娱乐、情感导向的趋势，以及这一变化对维基百科等网络知识平台的影响。
13．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“In an image-centered and pleasure-driven world, Postman noted, there is no place for thinking, because you simply cannot think with images. It is text that enables us to “uncover lies and confusions, and to detect abuses of logic and common sense. It also means to weigh ideas, to compare and contrast statements, to connect one generalization to another.”(Postman指出，在一个以影像为中心、受享乐驱动的世界里，没有思考的空间，因为人们根本无法通过影像来进行思考。正是文字使我们能够 “揭露谎言与混淆之处，察觉逻辑和常识的滥用情况。它还意味着权衡各种观点，对不同陈述进行比较和对照，将一种概括与另一种概括联系起来”。)”可知，文字能帮助人们去揭露谎言、察觉逻辑和常识的滥用，权衡观点、比较对照陈述等，也就是帮助人们进行批判性思考并做出判断。故选B。
14．词句猜测题。根据划线单词上下文“Postman wrote. “They don’t exchange ideas; they exchange images. They do not argue with…; they argue with good looks, celebrities and commercials.”(他们不交换思想，而是交换影像。他们不就……进行争辩，而是比拼颜值、名人效应以及广告宣传。)”可知，此处是在将过去人们围绕某种内容进行争辩的情况和现在只看重外在、名人、广告等情况作对比，过去人们应该是围绕观点、看法之类的内容进行争辩。因此“propositions”与“思想、观点”意思相近。选项C“opinions”，意为“想法、观点”与此相符。故选C。
15．推理判断题。根据第七段中“Instead of searching for knowledge, it engages us in an endless passion for instant approval from an audience, for which we are constantly but unconsciously performing. It reduces our curiosity by showing us exactly what we already want and think, based on our profiles and preferences. The Enlightenment’s motto (座右铭) of “Dare to know” has become “Dare not to care to know.”(它不是寻求知识，而是让我们陷入一种无尽的激情中，想要得到观众的即时认可，我们一直在无意识地为之表演。它根据我们的个人资料和偏好，准确地向我们展示我们已经想要和想要的东西，从而降低我们的好奇心。启蒙运动的格言“敢于求知”已经变成了“不敢在意求知”。)”可知，社交媒体让我们不再追求知识，而是热衷于获得观众的即时认可，它根据我们的个人资料和偏好展示我们已经想要和思考的东西，降低了我们的好奇心，使我们对知识的追求变得冷漠。故选D。
16．主旨大意题。根据文章内容可知，文章开篇指出维基百科面临生存危机，接着回顾了电视兴起对理性等方面的影响，随后讲述网络起初是追求知识的工具，而后来社交网络按照电视的价值观占据网络空间，改变了人们关注的重点，削弱了人们的好奇心，让人们不再在意求知，使得维基百科这样承载知识汇集愿景的平台也受到威胁，整体围绕社交媒体如何危及知识的收集、保存以及人们对知识的追求等方面展开论述。选项D“How Social Media Endangers Knowledge(社交媒体如何危及知识)”能够准确概括文章主要围绕社交媒体对知识产生危害这一核心内容进行论述的主旨，是最合适的标题。故选D。
5.（24-25高三上·山西·期末）The debate on whether smiling or frowning (皱眉) influences emotions has lasted for decades. Recently, researchers used electrical muscle stimulation to force participants’ mouths into smiles or frowns, seeking a definitive answer. They found that the physical act of these expressions directly impacts emotions, making people feel more positive or negative.
Sebastian Korb, a psychology lecturer at the University of Essex, notes that the idea that the body shapes emotions is old but not universally accepted. This concept has roots in the19th century, with Charles Darwin and William James suggesting that physiological changes affect emotions. In the 20th century, researchers focused on facial expressions. leading to the “facial feedback hypothesis (假说)” in the 1970s. However, this hypothesis has received mixed support.
A 1988 German study, known as the pen task, found that participants who held a pen between their teeth(facilitating a smile)found cartoons funnier than those who held it between their lips(forming a kiss-like expression). This supported the facial feedback hypothesis.
In the new study, Korb and his team used electrical stimulation to target specific facial muscles. They placed electrodes (电极) on 58 participants and gradually increased the current until it caused a smile or frown. Participants were exposed to various conditions, including looking at a blank screen, a happy image, and a depressing image while smiling or frowning. They also underwent experiments with weaker stimulations that didn’t produce visible facial movements.
The researchers found connections between participants’ facial features and their feelings when stimulated strongly. The strongest connection was when smiles were paired with positive images. Even without accompanying imagery, participants felt happier when stimulated to smile and sadder when forced to frown, although the effect was not massive. Korb emphasized that they only activated certain muscles for a short duration.
Heather Lench, a professor of psychological and brain sciences at Texas A&-M University, who was not involved in the research, says the new study was done well and “opens up a new way to make facial expressions”.
17．What method was used to force smiles or frowns on participants in the new study
A．Facial exercises. B．Emotional recall.
C．Pen holding technique. D．Electrical muscle stimulation.
18．Who proposed that how our body feels change our emotions
A．Sebastian Korb. B．Heather Lench.
C．Charles Darwin and William James. D．Researchers in the 20th century.
19．What is Heather Lench’s attitude towards the new study
A．Doubtful. B．Positive. C．indifferent. D．Critical.
20．Which of the following is the best title for the text
A．Facial Expressions Have a Long History
B．Gestures are Useful to Boost Your Emotions
C．Facial Expressions Directly Impact Emotions
D．Psychology Is Important in Changing Emotions
【答案】17．D 18．C 19．B 20．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章探讨了微笑或皱眉是否会影响人的情绪。研究人员通过电刺激面部肌肉使参与者做出微笑或皱眉的表情，发现这些表情动作直接影响人的情绪，使人感到更积极或更消极。
17．细节理解题。根据第一段“Recently, researchers used electrical muscle stimulation to force participants’ mouths into smiles or frowns, seeking a definitive answer. They found that the physical act of these expressions directly impacts emotions, making people feel more positive or negative. (最近，研究人员使用电肌肉刺激来迫使参与者的嘴露出微笑或皱眉，以寻求明确的答案。他们发现，这些表情的身体行为直接影响情绪，使人们感到更积极或更消极。)”可知，研究人员使用了电刺激肌肉的方法来迫使参与者的嘴角上扬或下垂，形成微笑或皱眉。故选D。
18．细节理解题。根据第二段“This concept has roots in the19th century, with Charles Darwin and William James suggesting that physiological changes affect emotions. (这个概念起源于19世纪，查尔斯·达尔文和威廉·詹姆斯认为生理变化会影响情绪。)”可知，查尔斯·达尔文和威廉·詹姆斯提出我们身体的感觉会改变我们的情绪。故选C。
19．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Heather Lench, a professor of psychological and brain sciences at Texas A&-M University, who was not involved in the research, says the new study was done well and “opens up a new way to make facial expressions”. (德克萨斯农工大学的心理和脑科学教授希瑟·兰奇没有参与这项研究，但她表示，这项新研究做得很好，“开辟了一种做出面部表情的新方法”)”可知 Heather Lench对新研究的态度是积极的。故选B。
20．主旨大意题。根据第一段“The debate on whether smiling or frowning (皱眉) influences emotions has lasted for decades. Recently, researchers used electrical muscle stimulation to force participants’ mouths into smiles or frowns, seeking a definitive answer. They found that the physical act of these expressions directly impacts emotions, making people feel more positive or negative. (关于微笑或皱眉是否会影响情绪的争论已经持续了几十年。最近，研究人员使用电肌肉刺激来迫使参与者的嘴露出微笑或皱眉，以寻求明确的答案。他们发现，这些表情的身体行为直接影响情绪，使人们感到更积极或更消极。)”结合文章探讨了微笑或皱眉是否会影响人的情绪。研究人员通过电刺激面部肌肉使参与者做出微笑或皱眉的表情，发现这些表情动作直接影响人的情绪，使人感到更积极或更消极。故C项“面部表情直接影响情绪”为最佳标题。故选C。
6.（24-25高三下·天津·开学考试）It’s probably not hard for many of us to come up with specific moments that felt joyful. But the question of whether we’re happy overall is much more complex. It involves weighing many factors in our lives, good and bad. And in that sense, many people — especially teens and young adults — seem unhappier than ever.
Young people, especially those in the United States, just aren’t as happy as they were 10 or 15 years ago. That’s according to the 2024 World Happiness Report, published by the University of Oxford in England. This annual report is based on surveys that ask people around the globe how satisfied they are with their lives. Participants also answer questions about their positive and negative emotions from the day before the survey. Good feelings include things like laughter, enjoyment and how interested a person was in the activities they did. Negative emotions focus on sadness, anger and worry. The researchers who compile (编写) these reports look at how different emotions affect people’s life satisfaction.
The first report, released in 2012, used survey data from 2006 to 2010. With nearly two decades of data, scientists can now begin to track happiness trends for people of different ages or generations. It used to be that middle-aged adults were the least-happy age group. But the 2024 report flipped (翻转) that on its head: Teens in the United States are now the unhappiest group. In 2006 to 2010, young people’s reported happiness levels were about 7.3 on a scale from 0 to 10. In the most recent survey they were just 6.4. That drop put young people in the United States at a rank of 62 in terms of happiness, among143 countries. Older Americans ranked in the top 10.
That changed in 2012. That’s when happiness levels began to drop, according to data from Monitoring the Future. This long-term study follows more than 1 million U. S. teens to learn about their behaviors and emotional states as they grow into adulthood. It measures happiness on a scale from l(unhappiest) to 3 (happiest). Throughout the 2000s, high-school seniors showed average happiness levels around 2.09. But by 2016, that figure had dipped to 2.04. Eighth graders had a larger drop, from an average of about 2.06 to 1.98.
What triggered (触发) that ongoing slide in happiness levels It’s likely tied to smartphone and Internet use, reports Jean M. Twenge, a psychologist at San Diego State University in California. The problem with being online more isn’t just cyberbullying or other negative online interactions. Rather, the more time teens spend online, the lonelier they feel, Twenge has found.
21．In writing Paragraph 1, the author aims to _________.
A．present an argument B．make a comparison
C．raise a question D．propose a definition
22．What can we learn from Paragraph 2
A．Young people are the unhappiest in the United States.
B．The 2024 World Happiness Report was issued by the U.S.
C．The World Happiness Report shows how satisfied people are with their lives.
D．Researchers believe that young people 10 or 15 years ago were not happy.
23．What could be inferred from Paragraphs 3
A．The first report is based on nearly 20 years of survey data.
B．Young Americans now live in poor conditions.
C．Middle-aged Americans used to be the happiest age group.
D．Older people in the United States might be the happiest now.
24．What is the author’s purpose in writing Paragraph 4
A．To point out when the happiness levels of American teens began to decline.
B．To provide specific data on the happiness levels of American teens.
C．To help readers understand the levels of happiness among American teenagers.
D．To share data on the happiness levels of American teenagers.
25．What conclusion can we draw from the passage
A．American teenagers are glued to their phones and the Internet.
B．Cyberbullying is a leading cause of unhappiness among American teens.
C．Negative online interactions triggered the ongoing slide in happiness levels.
D．The amount of time spent online is related to the happiness level of U.S. teens.
【答案】21．C 22．C 23．D 24．B 25．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要围绕“幸福感”这一主题展开，通过引用《世界幸福报告》的数据和一项长期研究的结果，说明了年轻人尤其是美国青少年的幸福感在下降的现象，并探讨了可能的原因，即智能手机和互联网的使用。
21．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“It’s probably not hard for many of us to come up with specific moments that felt joyful. But the question of whether we’re happy overall is much more complex. It involves weighing many factors in our lives, good and bad. And in that sense, many people — especially teens and young adults — seem unhappier than ever.(对我们很多人来说，想出那些感到快乐的具体时刻可能并不难。但要回答我们总体上是否幸福这个问题则复杂得多。这需要权衡我们生活中的诸多因素，包括好的和坏的方面。从这个意义上说，很多人，尤其是青少年和年轻人，似乎比以往任何时候都更不幸福)”可知，在第一段中，作者首先指出想出具体的快乐时刻不难，但总体上是否幸福这个问题更为复杂，需要权衡生活中的诸多因素，接着提到很多人尤其是青少年和年轻人似乎比以往任何时候都更不幸福。由此推知，作者写第一段是为了提出一个问题。故选C。
22．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“This annual report is based on surveys that ask people around the globe how satisfied they are with their lives. Participants also answer questions about their positive and negative emotions from the day before the survey. Good feelings include things like laughter, enjoyment and how interested a person was in the activities they did. Negative emotions focus on sadness, anger and worry. The researchers who compile (编写) these reports look at how different emotions affect people’s life satisfaction.(这份年度报告基于对全球各地人们进行的调查，询问他们对自己生活的满意度。参与调查的人还需要回答有关他们在调查前一天的积极和消极情绪的问题。积极情绪包括欢笑、享受以及对所参与活动的兴趣等。消极情绪则主要关注悲伤、愤怒和担忧。编写这些报告的研究人员会研究不同情绪如何影响人们的生活满意度)”可知，《世界幸福报告》基于对全球人们进行的调查，询问他们对自己生活的满意度，参与者还需回答调查前一天的积极和消极情绪等问题，研究人员会研究不同情绪如何影响人们的生活满意度。由此推知，《世界幸福报告》展示了人们对自己生活的满意程度。故选C。
23．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“But the 2024 report flipped (翻转) that on its head: Teens in the United States are now the unhappiest group. In 2006 to 2010, young people’s reported happiness levels were about 7.3 on a scale from 0 to 10. In the most recent survey they were just 6.4. That drop put young people in the United States at a rank of 62 in terms of happiness, among143 countries. Older Americans ranked in the top 10. (但《2024 年世界幸福报告》完全颠覆了这一情况：美国的青少年如今成了最不幸福的群体。在2006年至2010年期间，美国年轻人报告的幸福水平在0到10分的量表中约为7.3分。而在最近的调查中，这一分数仅为6.4分。这一下降使得美国年轻人在143个国家的幸福排名中位列第62位。而美国的老年人则排在前十位)”可知，美国青少年现在是最不幸福的群体，而美国老年人排在前十。由此推知，美国的老年人现在可能是最幸福的群体。故选D。
24．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Throughout the 2000s,high-school seniors showed average happiness levels around 2.09. But by 2016, that figure had dipped to 2.04. Eighth graders had a larger drop, from an average of about2.06 to 1.98.(在整个2000年代，高中毕业生的平均幸福水平约为2.09分。但到2016年，这一数字降至2.04分。八年级学生的降幅更大，从平均约2.06 分降至1.98分)”可知，作者给出了21世纪00年代高中生和八年级学生的平均幸福水平，以及到2016年时这些数据的下降情况。通过列举 21 世纪 00 年代到 2016 年高中生和八年级学生幸福水平的具体数据，清晰地展示了美国青少年幸福水平的变化情况，让读者能更直观地了解相关信息，即提供了美国青少年幸福水平的具体数据。故选B。
25．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“It’s likely tied to smartphone and Internet use, reports Jean M. Twenge, a psychologist at San Diego State University in California. The problem with being online more isn’t just cyberbullying or other negative online interactions. Rather, the more time teens spend online, the lonelier they feel, Twenge has found.(加利福尼亚州圣地亚哥州立大学的心理学家Jean M. Twenge报告称，这可能与智能手机和互联网的使用有关。青少年上网时间增多的问题不仅仅在于网络欺凌或其他负面的网络互动。Twenge发现，青少年上网时间越长，他们就会感觉越孤独)”可推知，上网时间的长短与美国青少年的幸福水平有关。故选D。
7.（2025·河南南阳·二模）Exhausted by the rising cost of living in the United States and non-stop advertisements, some young adults on TikTok are pushing back.
“When every moment of your life feels like you are being sold something and the price of that item keeps going up, people will burn out on spending money,” said Kara Perez, an influencer and financial educator.
Social media has long showcased picture — perfect homes, luxurious closets and various beauty products. But a new trend, known as “underconsumption core”, is moving in the opposite direction - encouraging more economical lifestyles and prioritizing quality over quantity. For example, many people on social media proudly display their well-worn shoes that have been with them since middle school, along with their commitment to using the last drop of their makeup. Others opt for repurposing old mason jars instead of buying new food storage containers.
For a long time, young people in the West have commonly made use of “Buy Now, Pay Later” plans, which have intensified consumption. They have developed a behavior of spending down to their last pound on a fashion item. It is an addiction tied to the pressure “to show who we are through possessions”. However, years of inflation (通货膨胀) have forced many to conclude that they cannot keep up with the spending habits of those on their social media feeds.
“The social media trend of ‘underconsumption’ is a way for Gen Z to make the most of their money and be environmentally friendly at the same time,” said Ashley Ross, head of Bank of America.
Low-consumption brick-and-mortar (实体的) initiatives attract a broader range of people across different profiles and generations. Anjali Zielinski, 42, joined a “Mending 101” workshop in Georgetown, DC, hoping to acquire new skills. She brought her 7-year-old daughter, Mina, along with her. In addition to providing an outlet for Mina’s creativity, she hopes the craft will teach her daughter the “value of our possessions and the work that goes into them.”
But some are still doubtful. It remains to be seen whether “underconsumption core” is simply a mood or a lasting movement. “The lifespan of this trend depends, in many ways, on how long the economy continues to slow and incomes remains below price gains,” Brett House, an economics professor at Columbia Business School, told CNBC．
26．What is the cause of some Americans’ cutting back on spending
A．The commercial activities. B．Their social media feeds.
C．Their material satisfaction. D．The economic downturn.
27．What is the philosophy of “underconsumption core”
A．Spending money as you like. B．Doing more with less.
C．Keeping up with the Joneses. D．Buy Now, Pay Later.
28．How does the author tell us the trend’s popularity among people
A．By giving examples. B．By making comparisons.
C．By listing numbers. D．By citing research data.
29．What is Brett House’s attitude to the “underconsumption core” trend
A．Doubtful. B．Reserved. C．Objective. D．Disapproving.
【答案】26．D 27．B 28．A 29．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文，介绍了美国一些年轻人受生活成本上升和经济不景气的影响，在TikTok上推动“低消费核心”潮流，但这一潮流能否持久还有待观察。
26．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Exhausted by the rising cost of living in the United States and non - stop advertisements, some young adults on TikTok are pushing back.(受美国生活成本上升和无休止的广告的影响，TikTok上的一些年轻人开始抵制消费)”以及第四段“However, years of inflation (通货膨胀) have forced many to conclude that they cannot keep up with the spending habits of those on their social media feeds.(然而，多年的通货膨胀迫使许多人得出结论，他们无法跟上社交媒体上那些人的消费习惯)”可知，一些美国人削减开支受美国生活成本上升和无休止的广告的影响，以及多年的通货膨胀迫使许多人放弃社交媒体上那些人的消费习惯，所以一些美国人削减开支的原因是经济不景气。故选D项。
27．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“But a new trend, known as “underconsumption core”, is moving in the opposite direction - encouraging more economical lifestyles and prioritizing quality over quantity.(但是一种被称为“低消费核心”的新趋势正在朝着相反的方向发展——鼓励更经济的生活方式，重质量而非数量)”可知“低消费核心”的新趋势鼓励更经济的生活方式，重质量而非数量，可知“低消费核心”的理念是用更少的资源做更多的事。故选B项。
28．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“For example, many people on social media proudly display their well - worn shoes that have been with them since middle school, along with their commitment to using the last drop of their makeup. Others opt for repurposing old mason jars instead of buying new food storage containers.(例如，社交媒体上的许多人自豪地展示他们从中学就开始穿的旧鞋子，以及他们使用最后一滴化妆品的承诺。其他人则选择重新利用旧的梅森罐，而不是购买新的食品储存容器)”可知，作者通过举例来告诉我们这一趋势在人群中的流行程度。故选A项。
29．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段““The lifespan of this trend depends, in many ways, on how long the economy continues to slow and incomes remains below price gains,” Brett House, an economics professor at Columbia Business School, told CNBC.(哥伦比亚商学院(Columbia Business School)经济学教授布雷特·豪斯(Brett House)在接受美国全国广播公司财经频道(CNBC)采访时表示：“这一趋势的持续时间在很大程度上取决于经济放缓的持续时间以及收入是否仍低于物价涨幅。”)”可知，布雷特·豪斯指出这一潮流的持续时间在很大程度上取决于经济放缓和收入低于物价上涨的时长，只是客观陈述这一潮流与经济因素的关系，可推理出布雷特·豪斯的态度是客观的。故选C项。
8.（24-25高三上·山西吕梁·期中）On 26 February 2024, China Media Group(CMG)aired the country’s first animated series produced with the help of generative artificial intelligence(AI)models. Titled Qianqiu Shisong, the series includes multiple seven-minute episodes and features animated retellings of some of the most famous classic Chinese poems and their backstories. Its contents are drawn from more than 200 time-honored Chinese poems that are found in primary, secondary and higher education textbooks.
The show was produced using CMG Media GPT, an AI model co-developed by CMG and Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory(SAIL). According to the laboratory, AI technology was used in every stage of Qianqiu Shisong’s production process, from art design to video generation and post-production.
CMG Media GPT was trained by being fed with large amounts of data from CMG’s previous poem-relevant programs, enabling it to create images and scenes that represent the style of traditional Chinese ink-wash paintings and feature historically accurate architectural designs and clothing details.
CMG Media GPT has significantly cut down on the time and costs of animation production. “AI will not replace humans but will increase humans’ working efficiency. For example, our team used to make one episode each month, but now we can make three episodes each month with the assistance of AI,” says the director of Qianqiu Shisong.
Following the putonghua version, an English-dubbed(英文配音的)version of the series titled Poems of Timeless Acclaim was aired online in March. The series will also be made available in other languages. On Chinese social media, some netizens comment that Qianqiu Shisong is a valuable opportunity to practice China’s AI technology. Others say that AI-generated animation is a smart approach to popularizing Chinese culture as the advanced technology can inject new life into ancient poetry.
30．What can we learn about Qianqiu Shisong from Paragraph1
A．It’s the first animated series throughout the world.
B．It consists of some of well-known classic poems in China.
C．Its contents are chosen from Western poetry classics.
D．It’s produced by artificial intelligent models alone.
31．What was the function of CMG Media GPT in producing the series
A．It was used to process animation production.
B．It was used to train netizens to appreciate poems.
C．It was used to analyze contemporary poems.
D．It was used to create images and scenes of modern China.
32．What does CMG Media GPT contribute to
A．Arousing public interest in poems greatly.
B．Adding the time to produce to a larger degree.
C．Taking the place of human beings completely.
D．Reducing the cost of producing dramatically.
33．Which of the following best describes Chinese netizens’ attitudes towards QianQiu Shi-Song
A．Indifferent B．Neutral C．Approving D．Doubtful
【答案】30．B 31．A 32．D 33．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文，介绍了2024年2月26日中国媒体集团（CMG）播出的首部由生成式人工智能模型辅助制作的动画系列片《千秋诗颂》，包括其内容、制作过程中使用的CMG Media GPT的功能、带来的影响以及中国网友对它的态度。
30．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Titled Qianqiu Shisong, the series includes multiple seven - minute episodes and features animated retellings of some of the most famous classic Chinese poems and their backstories. (名为《千秋诗颂》的这部动画系列包含多个7分钟的剧集，以动画形式讲述了一些中国最著名的古典诗歌及其背后的故事)”可知，《千秋诗颂》包含了一些中国著名的古典诗歌，故选B项。
31．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“According to the laboratory, AI technology was used in every stage of Qianqiu Shisong’s production process, from art design to video generation and post - production. (据实验室称，从艺术设计到视频生成再到后期制作，AI技术被用于《千秋诗颂》制作过程的每个阶段)”可知，CMG Media GPT被用于动画制作过程，故选A项。
32．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“CMG Media GPT has significantly cut down on the time and costs of animation production. (CMG Media GPT大大降低了动画制作的时间和成本)”可知，CMG Media GPT极大地降低了制作成本，故选D项。
33．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“On Chinese social media, some netizens comment that Qianqiu Shisong is a valuable opportunity to practice China’s AI technology. Others say that AI - generated animation is a smart approach to popularizing Chinese culture as the advanced technology can inject new life into ancient poetry. (在中国社交媒体上，一些网民评论说《千秋诗颂》是实践中国AI技术的宝贵机会。其他人说，人工智能生成的动画是普及中国文化的明智方法，因为先进的技术可以为古代诗歌注入新的活力)”可知网民认为《千秋诗颂》是实践中国AI技术的宝贵机会，还有网民说人工智能生成的动画是普及中国文化的明智方法，可推理出网民对《千秋诗颂》的态度是认可的，故选C项。
9.（24-25高三上·山西吕梁·期中）Bzzz. Oh no — a mosquito. Have you ever wondered how these small insects are so good at finding you A new study has identified one way they home in on us. It’s visual. Mosquitoes just like the look of our skin.
Claire Rusch and her colleagues have been working to uncover ways to avoid mosquito bites. And this biologist knows plenty about that. After all, while studying mosquitoes, “you get bitten a lot,” she notes. “It’s not easy to work with an animal that feeds on you.” A bite from a disease-carrying mosquito can be more than annoying, though. Rusch and her team just discovered something that could help drive these mosquitoes away. The Aedes aegypti mosquitoes that Rusch studies are attracted to a few colors, especially ones with long wavelengths of light. We see these colors — the same wavelengths given off by human skin — as red.
That finding could lead to the design of better traps to keep mosquitoes away from people. Anyone stuck in a room with a mosquito knows they are very good at finding you. These insects can detect the carbon dioxide or CO2 we breathe out. They also are attracted to sweat, body warmth and contrasting colors. But until now scientists didn’t know that mosquitoes could detect specific colors. “I found their research results surprising and very interesting,” says Trevor Sorrells, a mosquito neuroscientist.
The new research shows mosquitoes can see red light and tell that it is different from other colors. “This is important,” he notes, “because all human skin tones (肤色) reflect red light better than other colors. So mosquitoes can use it to locate human skin.” Next time you’re out where mosquitoes might be present, don’t forget the bug spray (蚊虫喷雾剂). And that red shirt You might want to leave it at home.
34．How do mosquitoes locate their potential victims
A．By smelling. B．By seeing.
C．By tasting. D．By touching.
35．According to Paragraph 2, it can be inferred that ________.
A．a bite from a mosquito can be deadly
B．Rusch and her team are working to find how mosquitoes bite
C．wavelengths given off by human skin are long ones
D．the studied mosquitoes favor colors of short wavelengths light
36．What does the new research tell us
A．We can get rid of mosquitoes by contrasting colors.
B．Sweat and body temperature appeal to mosquitoes.
C．The carbon dioxide we breathe out drives mosquitoes away.
D．A certain color can be noticed by mosquitoes.
37．What is the text
A．A biography. B．A book review.
C．A science report. D．A short story.
【答案】34．B 35．C 36．D 37．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了关于蚊子如何定位人类以及对某种颜色偏好的新研究。
34．细节理解题。根据第一段“Bzzz. Oh, no — a mosquito. Have you ever wondered how these small insects are so good at finding you A new study has identified one way they home in on us. It’s visual. Mosquitoes just like the look of our skin. (Bzzz。哦，不——一只蚊子。你有没有想过这些小昆虫是如何如此擅长找到你的？一项新的研究已经确定了它们瞄准我们的一种方式。它的视觉。蚊子就喜欢我们的皮肤颜色)”可知，蚊子通过视觉来确定潜在的受害者。故选B。
35．推理判断题。根据第二段“The Aedes aegypti mosquitoes that Rusch studies are attracted to a few colors, especially ones with long wavelengths of light. We see these colors — the same wavelengths given off by human skin — as red. (Rusch研究的埃及伊蚊被几种颜色所吸引，尤其是那些具有长波长的颜色。我们看到的这些颜色——与人类皮肤发出的波长相同——是红色)”可知，埃及伊蚊喜欢长波长的颜色，人类皮肤发出的波长和它们喜欢的颜色是同一波长。由此推知，人类皮肤发出的波长是长的。故选C。
36．细节理解题。根据第四段“The new research shows mosquitoes can see red light and tell that it is different from other colors. (新的研究表明，蚊子可以看到红光，并能分辨出它与其他颜色的不同)”可知，蚊子可以分辨红光和其他颜色的不同，也就是蚊子能察觉到特定颜色。故选D。
37．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其最后一段“The new research shows mosquitoes can see red light and tell that it is different from other colors. “This is important,” he notes, “because all human skin tones (肤色) reflect red light better than other colors. So mosquitoes can use it to locate human skin.” Next time you’re out where mosquitoes might be present, don’t forget the bug spray (蚊虫喷雾剂). And that red shirt You might want to leave it at home. (新的研究表明，蚊子可以看到红光，并能分辨出它与其他颜色的不同。“这很重要，”他指出，“因为所有人的肤色都比其他颜色更能反射红光。所以蚊子可以用它来定位人类的皮肤。”下次你去蚊子可能出没的地方时，别忘了喷洒杀虫剂。那件红衬衫呢？你最好把它留在家里)”可知，本文是关于蚊子的科学研究。由此推知，本文最有可能是一篇科学报告。故选C。
10.（24-25高三下·江苏扬州·开学考试）Years ago, the world-known Viennese philosopher Viktor E. Frankl criticized the popular understanding of some cherished American values, such as our idea of freedom. He took exception to what appeared to be a commonly accepted view of equating freedom with a license to do virtually anything one wants. To Frankl, freedom without responsibility was nonsense. That is why he suggested that the Statue of Liberty in New York Harbor on the East Coast be accompanied by a “Statue of Responsibility” somewhere along the West Coast.
Such a monument makes sense to me and, in my view, would be much more than just a “bookend” to the Statue of Liberty. It could serve, among other things, as an important reminder to everyone of what is required to safeguard true freedom and how to perform civil responsibilities.
A nonprofit foundation exists to advance Frankl’s idea with the goal of completing the statue. After the initial release of Prisoners of Our Thoughts, which I was honored to write at Dr. Frankl’s personal urging, I also became involved in the nonprofit foundation’s efforts in an advisory capacity as well as being invited to be one of the contributors to a book it sponsored entitled, Responsibility 911: With Great Liberty Comes Great Responsibility, published in 2008. This book examined the role that responsibility plays in a free society. In this regard, I was honored to be among a very distinguished group of contributors.
As you can learn from this list, the book embraced a wide range of ideologies (意识形态) and political beliefs. Indeed, making a strong and diversified case for the role of responsibility in a free society belongs to no one political party or a particular group. Rather, responsibility is a demonstration of the “ability to respond” and, in this context, requires rules of engagement that include both civility and agreement to disagree on matters of common concern. Diversity in all of its various dimensions, especially the diversity of thought, must be respected as a necessity of “responsibility” in the collective (集体，共同). Otherwise, we will never be able to reach common ground, a meaningful objective requiring, first and foremost, that we are willing and able to go to higher ground.
38．What does the underlined part “took exception to” in paragraph 1mean
A．Disapproved. B．Misunderstood.
C．Excluded. D．Compared.
39．Why does the author believe a Statue of Responsibility is needed
A．To honour the legacy of humanity. B．To promote tourism on the West Coast.
C．To symbolize the importance of freedom. D．To urge people to perform their civil duties.
40．What do we know about Responsibility 911
A．It was sponsored by Viktor E. Frankl. B．It is a collective work of diverse writers.
C．It was recommended by many celebrities. D．It is based on Prisoners of Our Thoughts.
41．What is necessary for a responsible society according to the author
A．Respecting the diversity of thought. B．Ignoring different political beliefs.
C．Having a uniform ideology and belief. D．Controlling various dimensions of diversity.
【答案】38．A 39．D 40．B 41．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了作者对于社会责任的看法以及围绕社会责任所创作的书籍Responsibility 911。
38．词句猜测题。根据第一段“Years ago, the world-known Viennese philosopher Viktor E. Frankl criticized the popular understanding of some cherished American values, such as our idea of freedom.(多年前，世界著名的维也纳哲学家Viktor E. Frankl批评了大众对一些珍视的美国价值观的理解，比如我们的自由观念)”以及划线词后文“what appeared to be a commonly accepted view of equating freedom with a license to do virtually anything one wants(一种似乎被普遍接受的观点，即把自由等同于一个人想做什么就做什么的许可)”可知，Viktor E. Frankl批评了大众对一些珍视的美国价值观的理解，比如我们的自由观念，即他反对把自由等同于一个人想做什么就做什么的许可。故划线词意思是“反对”，故选A。
39．细节理解题。根据第二段“It could serve, among other things, as an important reminder to everyone of what is required to safeguard true freedom and how to perform civil responsibilities.(除其他事项外，它可以作为一个重要的提醒，提醒每个人需要什么来维护真正的自由，以及如何履行公民责任)”可知，需要一个责任雕像是为了督促人们履行公民义务。故选D。
40．推理判断题。根据最后一段“As you can learn from this list, the book embraced a wide range of ideologies (意识形态) and political beliefs.(你可以从这个列表中了解到，这本书包含了广泛的意识形态和政治信仰)”可知，Responsibility 911包含了广泛的意识形态和政治信仰，故推测是不同作家的集体作品。故选B。
41．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Diversity in all of its various dimensions, especially the diversity of thought, must be respected as a necessity of “responsibility” in the collective (集体，共同).(各个方面的多样性，特别是思想的多样性，必须被尊重为集体“责任”的必要条件)”可知，一个负责任的社会需要尊重思想的多样性。故选A。
11.（24-25高三下·江苏扬州·开学考试）With massive factors influencing academic achievement, it can be difficult to identify the exact reason why some students excel(胜过)while others fall behind. However, a report released by the National Center on Scaling Up Effective Schools(NCSU)shows that student ownership and responsibility are key factors that have a big impact on a student's quality of academic performance.
The report presented findings from the first phase of a five-year research project that aims to identify the types of programs, practices and processes that support better outcomes for students at risk of failure. Initial findings indicated that the practice of increasing student ownership and responsibility for their academic success was a distinguishing feature of schools with higher student achievement. The researchers explain that students who take responsibility for their own learning are personally invested in their education and are more committed to understanding their subject matter.
One thing that all schools with higher value-added students had in common was that they held high expectations for student leaning. These schools didn't just assume that students would develop this sense of responsibility on their own; instead, teachers put specific structures in place to help students take ownership of their education, and made a concentrated effort to encourage and support students along the way. Additionally, teachers held the mindset that student ownership must be developed early on in a student's educational career.
The research shows that students who are encouraged to take ownership of their own learning are better able to work toward learning goals and demonstrate life skills such as initiative, self-direction and productivity. Such students will show their responsibility through behaviors such as completing assignments on time, making up for missed work, seeking additional help when they are struggling, asking questions when confused, and monitoring their own learning.
Lead researcher Marisa Cannata points out that these findings are consistent with the current research that focuses on helping students develop so-called “growth mindsets(心态)” and providing them with the skills they need to focus their learning efforts. The specific practices and conditions that make such a learning environment possible are described in more detail in the report Reaching for Rigor: Identifying Practices of Effective High Schools.
42．What does the NCSU report focus on
A．The importance of personalized education.
B．The key drivers of academic achievement.
C．The main standards for assessing student success.
D．The causes of underperformance among students.
43．What is a characteristic of schools with higher-achieving students
A．They increase spending on hardware facilities.
B．They offer an environment of student responsibility.
C．They have lower expectations for learning outcomes.
D．They emphasize shared responsibility early in education.
44．What is the last but one paragraph mainly about
A．The life skills essential for academic achievement.
B．The role of learning goals in facilitating student learning.
C．The challenges faced by students struggling academically.
D．The benefits of taking responsibility for one's learning efforts.
45．What might be discussed in the following paragraph
A．The detailed formation process of Reaching for Rigor.
B．The debates surrounding the idea of growth mindsets.
C．The practices and conditions for growth mindsets and skills.
D．The common findings in comparison to other researches.
【答案】42．B 43．B 44．D 45．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文，国家有效学校扩大中心（NCSU）的一份报告显示，学生的自主性和责任感是影响学业成绩质量的关键因素。那些成绩较好的学校的一个显著特征是注重培养学生的责任感，鼓励学生对自己的学习负责有诸多好处，研究人员指出这些发现与当前研究相符，报告《追求严谨：确定有效高中的实践》更详细地描述了相关实践和条件。
42．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“However, a report released by the National Center on Scaling Up Effective Schools(NCSU)shows that student ownership and responsibility are key factors that have a big impact on a student's quality of academic performance.(然而，国家有效学校扩大中心（NCSU）发布的一份报告显示，学生的自主性和责任感是对学生学业成绩质量有重大影响的关键因素)”可知，NCSU的报告重点关注的是学业成就的关键驱动因素。故选B项。
43．细节理解题。根据原文第二段“Initial findings indicated that the practice of increasing student ownership and responsibility for their academic success was a distinguishing feature of schools with higher student achievement.(初步调查结果表明，提高学生对学业成功的自主性和责任感的做法是学生成绩较好的学校的一个显著特征)”可知，成绩较好的学校的一个特征是它们提供一种学生负责的环境。故选B项。
44．主旨大意题。根据原文倒数第二段“The research shows that students who are encouraged to take ownership of their own learning are better able to work toward learning goals and demonstrate life skills such as initiative, self - direction and productivity. Such students will show their responsibility through behaviors such as completing assignments on time, making up for missed work, seeking additional help when they are struggling, asking questions when confused, and monitoring their own learning.(研究表明，被鼓励对自己的学习负责的学生能够更好地朝着学习目标努力，并展示出诸如主动性、自我导向和效率等生活技能。这些学生将通过按时完成作业、补上错过的作业、在遇到困难时寻求额外帮助、在困惑时提问以及监控自己的学习等行为来表现出他们的责任感)”可知被鼓励对自己的学习负责的学生能够更好地朝着学习目标努力并表现出他们的责任感，可推理出倒数第二段主要讲述的是对自己的学习努力负责的好处。故选D项。
45．推理判断题。根据原文最后一段“Lead researcher Marisa Cannata points out that these findings are consistent with the current research that focuses on helping students develop so - called “growth mindsets(心态)” and providing them with the skills they need to focus their learning efforts. The specific practices and conditions that make such a learning environment possible are described in more detail in the report Reaching for Rigor: Identifying Practices of Effective High Schools.(首席研究员玛莉莎·卡纳塔指出，这些发现与当前专注于帮助学生培养所谓的“成长型思维模式”以及为他们提供集中精力学习所需技能的研究是一致的。报告《追求严谨：识别有效高中的实践》中更详细地描述了使这种学习环境成为可能的具体做法和条件)”可知最后一段提到了报告《追求严谨：识别有效高中的实践》，并提出报告中详细地描述了使成长心态和技能成为可能的具体做法和条件，但并未对此具体阐述，可推理出接下来的段落可能会讨论成长心态和技能的实践和条件。故选C项。
12.（24-25高三下·江苏泰州·开学考试）A recent study from the Food and Mood Centre at Deakin University in Australia has cast light on an alternative approach to managing mild to moderate depression. The research suggests that lifestyle therapy, which includes nutritional consulting and regular physical activity, can be as effective as traditional psychotherapy (心理疗法) in reducing depressive symptoms.
In this study, 182 individuals diagnosed with non-severe depression were randomly assigned to either lifestyle therapy or cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). The lifestyle therapy group received guidance from a dietitian and an exercise physiologist. These professionals provided evidence-based advice on improving nutrition, particularly through a modified Mediterranean (地中海) diet, and including regular physical exercise into daily routine. Meanwhile, the CBT group was led by psychologists who taught strategies to manage negative thoughts and behaviors, and were provided with workbooks and self-help tools.
Both therapies were structured to match in frequency, duration, environment, and group size, ensuring a fair comparison. The results were promising: the lifestyle therapy group reported a 42% reduction in depression symptoms, whereas those who had traditional psychotherapy experienced a 37% reduction.
Although the study’s sample size was small, indicating the need for further research, it underlines the importance of lifestyle changes in medicine. The researchers point out that while lifestyle changes are the cornerstone of other areas of medicine, such as heart diseases and diabetes, they have traditionally been seen as ‘add-on’ to mental health care. The study’ s findings suggest that this mindset may need to shift.
Importantly, the research does not say that lifestyle changes should replace professional mental health care. Instead, it recommends a comprehensive approach where both lifestyle therapy and traditional psychotherapy are available options. This would allow individuals to access the care that best suits their needs, potentially offering more effective treatment for those fighting with mild to moderate depression.
46．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about
A．The significance of the research. B．The consequence of the research.
C．The performance of different subjects. D．The process of conducting the research.
47．What does the underlined word “cornerstone” in Paragraph 4 probably mean
A．A side factor. B．An optional part.
C．A fundamental element. D．A controversial method.
48．What is the suggestion of the research
A．Improve traditional psychotherapy. B．Include lifestyle changes as an option.
C．Stick to the Mediterranean diet strictly. D．Replace psychotherapy with lifestyle changes.
49．In which column of a magazine专题18 阅读理解说明文
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1.（24-25高三上·山西·期末）People need trees. A world without different trees, a world devoid of a wide range of trees would be much the poorer. We rely on trees, of course, to absorb and store carbon dioxide. They provide us with food, fuel, medicine and construction materials. They shelter us from storms; they reduce soil erosion (流失).
There are almost 58,500 tree species in the world, a richness few of us can truly comprehend. But a shocking new international study has warned that between a third and half of those are at risk of extinction in the wild — posing a risk of wider ecosystem collapse. The comprehensive report by botanic Gardens Conservation International, found that twice as many tree species are threatened as mammals, birds and reptiles (爬行动物)combined.
More than 440 have fewer than 50 individuals left in natural environments. Worse, even abundant trees that survive in many cases are greatly reduced. In Brazil, where around one in five tree species are at risk, deforestation in the Amazon has hit the highest annual level in a decade.
The chief reason for tree loss is the destruction of habitat by farming, raising animals and logging. Global heating and its consequences. from extreme weather to rising sea levels, are increasingly causing damage. Tropical island states are particularly affected, but the problems lie closer to home too. Just 30 Menai whitebeams remain in north Wales, the only place on Earth where they are found.
Protecting such habitats must be the priority. One study suggests that global tree cover has actually increased over recent decades, but 420 million hectares of forest were lost between 1990 and 2020. However important tree-planting plans may be, new plantations are no substitute for complex and biodiverse environments that have evolved over centuries.
Where forests have been erased, natural regeneration is often best. Failing that, planting a variety of species is better than simply relying on a few fast-growing kinds of saplings (树苗). Only by working with communities can protection be sustainable. Preserving seeds in the hope that species can be brought back to life is necessary too. But it is a last resort. A seed bank cannot replace the rich life of a forest.
1．What does the underlined word “devoid” in Paragraph 1 probably mean
A．Short. B．Full. C．Fond. D．Proud.
2．What can we infer from Paragraph 2
A．There is no need to worry about tree loss.
B．The number of tree species is the largest.
C．A large number of trees are at risk of extinction.
D．Protecting trees is more important than protecting animals.
3．What is the major cause of tree loss
A．Global heating. B．Rising sea levels.
C．Extreme weather. D．The destruction of habitat.
4．What is the best way to save an erased forest
A．Planting a few fast-growing kinds of trees.
B．Regenerating forests naturally.
C．Building biodiverse environments.
D．Preserving seeds and establishing a seed bank.
2.（24-25高三上·湖北武汉·期末）In a grassland in Cambridge, Ont., a low hum fills the air. It’s a warm spring day and eastern bumblebee (大黄蜂) queens are busy with pollination (授粉). But take a closer look and you’ll notice some of them are wearing...backpacks
These backpacks are actually a tool used by post-doctoral fellow Amanda Liczner of the University of Guelph to learn more about the bees’ movement, behaviour and habitat choices. Instead of GPS collars normally used for tracking larger species, Liczner’s team attached tiny trackers to the queens’ backs. Once attached, these tiny trackers transmit radio signals to a collection of 44 radio towers which process the signals to record precise whereabouts. Liczner can then download the data from the towers to figure out how the bees are spending their time.
While we do know bumblebees need flowers, as Liczner will tell you, there’s a lot we still don’t know about bumblebees, especially about how pesticides (杀虫剂) affect bees’ movement. This lack of information, says Liczner, makes it tricky to provide specific conservation recommendations.
So far, the team has made some interesting discoveries. In experiments focused on how different pesticides affect bee movement, the scientists learned that while using newer classes of pesticides may not kill bumblebees, “we have found that they’re flying in significantly odd ways,” says Liczner. For example, pesticide-treated late-season queens, which would usually be resting and building up energy reserves for the winter, were moving “all over the place,” potentially burning up the fat stores they need to survive the winter.
What’s more, 30% of flights are at night. That “blows everyone’s mind,” says Liczner. “And it’s at all times of night!” This is important and potentially perturbing information, she says, because some regulations allow farmers to use pesticides between dusk and dawn, when bees were previously thought to be inactive.
This late summer, Liczner and her team were able to follow the backpacked queens to the spots where they dug into the ground to spend the winter. When the queens emerge, unfolding their wings in the spring sunshine, Liczner hopes to be there to learn more from this understudied species.
5．What is the function of “backpacks” on bumblebee queens
A．To film bees’ habitats. B．To reveal bees’ locations.
C．To attach GPS collars to bees. D．To receive signals from towers.
6．How do pesticides impact bumblebees
A．They disrupt bees’ flight patterns. B．They decrease bees’ night activity.
C．They confuse bees’ perception of seasons. D．They limit bees’ energy storage for winter.
7．What does the underlined word “perturbing” in paragraph 5 mean
A．Confusing. B．Exciting. C．Alarming. D．Comforting.
8．What might Liczner’s study help in the future
A．Develop effective pesticides. B．Discover unexplored species.
C．Promote agricultural policies. D．Conduct tailored preservation.
3.（24-25高三上·湖北武汉·期末）Past research has shown that many aspects of memory are affected by ageing, whereas recognition tasks that rely on well-known information are not. The effect of age on the ability to recall music has also been investigated, but Sarah Sauve, a music scientist at the University of Lincoln, was interested in exploring this effect in a real-world setting such as a live concert.
In her study published in PLOS ONE, she tested how well a group of 90 healthy adults, ranging in age from 18 to 86, were able to recognize familiar and unfamiliar musical themes at a live concert. The study focused on three music pieces: Eine kleine Nachtmusik by Mozart, which most participants were familiar with, and two experimental pieces. One of these was tonal and easy to listen to; the other was more atonal (无调的) and didn’t follow the typical melodic (旋律的) standards of Western classical music. A short melodic phrase from each of the three pieces was played three times at the beginning of that piece, and participants then logged whenever they recognized that theme in the piece.
The melodic phrase from the Eine kleine Nachtmusik was equally well recognized across all ages, with no toss of recognition as age increased. All participants were less confident in recognizing the theme in the unfamiliar tonal piece, and even less confident with the unfamiliar atonal piece. This patter, too, did not vary with age.
Steffen Herff, a cognitive (认知的) neuroscientist, says the reason musical memory seems to be resistant to age- related cognitive declines might be the emotions that music stirs in people, which makes it more rooted in memory.“We know from general memory research that, effectively, the emotional processing operates a little bit like an important stamp,” he says.
The study collected limited data on some participants’ cognitive health, and so didn’t provide detailed insights into how cognitive disorders affect memory recall. But it revealed the great interest in using music as a memory aid for other information in individuals with neurogenerative conditions such as dementia (痴呆).
9．What can be inferred from previous research
A．Age increase affects musical memory. B．Music recall in real life proves challenging.
C．Ageing influences memory in every respect. D．Established knowledge benefits recognition.
10．What should participants do in Sarah Sauvé’s experiment
A．Compare the rhythms. B．Identify specific phrases.
C．Recognize the composers. D．Memorize complex themes.
11．Why does Steffen Herff mention “an important stamp” in paragraph 4
A．To stress the positive impact of music. B．To explain the reason for cognitive decline.
C．To illustrate the role of emotions in memory. D．To emphasize the emotions’ resistance to age.
12．Which of the following is the best title for the text
A．Masic: A Powerful Memory Aid B．Musical Memory: Free from Ageing
C．Familiarity: Key to Ageless Memory D．Memory and Emotion: Cognitive Twins
4.（2025·山东菏泽·一模）Wikipedia (维基百科), one of the last remaining pillars of the open and free web, is in existential crisis.
The trend towards rationality (理性) was endangered long before the birth of the World Wide Web. As Neil Postman noted in his 1985 book Amusing Ourselves to Death, the rise of television introduced not just a new medium but a new atmosphere: a gradual shift from a typographic (印刷的) culture to a photographic one, which in turn meant a shift from rationality to emotions, opinions to entertainment.
In an image-centered and pleasure-driven world, Postman noted, there is no place for thinking, because you simply cannot think with images. It is text that enables us to “uncover lies and confusions, and to detect abuses of logic and common sense. It also means to weigh ideas, to compare and contrast statements, to connect one generalization to another.”
The dominance of television was not contained to our living rooms. It overturned all of those habits of mind, fundamentally changing our experience of the world, affecting politics, religion, business, and culture. It reduced many aspects of modern life to entertainment and commerce. “Americans don’t talk to each other; we entertain each other,” Postman wrote. “They don’t exchange ideas; they exchange images. They do not argue with propositions; they argue with good looks, celebrities and commercials.”
At first, the web seemed to push against this trend. When it emerged towards the late 1980s as a purely text-based medium, it was seen as a tool to pursue knowledge, not pleasure. Reason and thought were most valued in this garden. Universities were among the first to connect to this new medium, hosting discussion groups, informative blogs, electronic magazines, and academic forums. It was an intellectual project, not about commerce or control, created in a scientific research center in Switzerland.
Wikipedia was a fruit of this garden. So was Google search and its text-based advertising model. And so were blogs, which valued text, hyperlinks, knowledge, and literature. And for more than a decade, the web created an alternative space that threatened television’s power over society.
Social networks, though, have since colonized the web for television’s values. From Facebook to Instagram, the medium refocuses our attention on videos and images, rewarding emotional appeals — “like” buttons over rational ones. Instead of searching for knowledge, it engages us in an endless passion for instant approval from an audience, for which we are constantly but unconsciously performing. It reduces our curiosity by showing us exactly what we already want and think, based on our profiles and preferences. The Enlightenment’s motto (座右铭) of “Dare to know” has become “Dare not to care to know.”
Now the challenge is to save Wikipedia and its promise of a free and open collection of all human knowledge among the conquest of social media - how to collect and preserve knowledge when nobody cares to know. We need to understand that the decline of the web and thereby of the Wikipedia is part of a much larger civilization shift which has just started to unfold.
13．According to Neil Postman, which of the following statements is TRUE
A．Television started a revolution in photographic technology.
B．Texts help people think critically to make judgments.
C．Images give people more chances to communicate deeper.
D．The web was meant to serve as an entertainment platform.
14．The underlined word “propositions” in paragraph 4 probably means “________”.
A．experiences B．appearances C．opinions D．consequences
15．What can we infer about the influence of social media from the underlined sentence
A．We are constantly distracted and can’t focus for long.
B．We are well kept updated with the latest information.
C．We have become more curious about the outside world.
D．We have become uninterested in intellectual pursuits.
16．Which of the following can be the best title of this passage
A．The Decline of Television B．The Power of Social Media
C．Why We Amuse Ourselves to Death D．How Social Media Endangers Knowledge
5.（24-25高三上·山西·期末）The debate on whether smiling or frowning (皱眉) influences emotions has lasted for decades. Recently, researchers used electrical muscle stimulation to force participants’ mouths into smiles or frowns, seeking a definitive answer. They found that the physical act of these expressions directly impacts emotions, making people feel more positive or negative.
Sebastian Korb, a psychology lecturer at the University of Essex, notes that the idea that the body shapes emotions is old but not universally accepted. This concept has roots in the19th century, with Charles Darwin and William James suggesting that physiological changes affect emotions. In the 20th century, researchers focused on facial expressions. leading to the “facial feedback hypothesis (假说)” in the 1970s. However, this hypothesis has received mixed support.
A 1988 German study, known as the pen task, found that participants who held a pen between their teeth(facilitating a smile)found cartoons funnier than those who held it between their lips(forming a kiss-like expression). This supported the facial feedback hypothesis.
In the new study, Korb and his team used electrical stimulation to target specific facial muscles. They placed electrodes (电极) on 58 participants and gradually increased the current until it caused a smile or frown. Participants were exposed to various conditions, including looking at a blank screen, a happy image, and a depressing image while smiling or frowning. They also underwent experiments with weaker stimulations that didn’t produce visible facial movements.
The researchers found connections between participants’ facial features and their feelings when stimulated strongly. The strongest connection was when smiles were paired with positive images. Even without accompanying imagery, participants felt happier when stimulated to smile and sadder when forced to frown, although the effect was not massive. Korb emphasized that they only activated certain muscles for a short duration.
Heather Lench, a professor of psychological and brain sciences at Texas A&-M University, who was not involved in the research, says the new study was done well and “opens up a new way to make facial expressions”.
17．What method was used to force smiles or frowns on participants in the new study
A．Facial exercises. B．Emotional recall.
C．Pen holding technique. D．Electrical muscle stimulation.
18．Who proposed that how our body feels change our emotions
A．Sebastian Korb. B．Heather Lench.
C．Charles Darwin and William James. D．Researchers in the 20th century.
19．What is Heather Lench’s attitude towards the new study
A．Doubtful. B．Positive. C．indifferent. D．Critical.
20．Which of the following is the best title for the text
A．Facial Expressions Have a Long History
B．Gestures are Useful to Boost Your Emotions
C．Facial Expressions Directly Impact Emotions
D．Psychology Is Important in Changing Emotions
6.（24-25高三下·天津·开学考试）It’s probably not hard for many of us to come up with specific moments that felt joyful. But the question of whether we’re happy overall is much more complex. It involves weighing many factors in our lives, good and bad. And in that sense, many people — especially teens and young adults — seem unhappier than ever.
Young people, especially those in the United States, just aren’t as happy as they were 10 or 15 years ago. That’s according to the 2024 World Happiness Report, published by the University of Oxford in England. This annual report is based on surveys that ask people around the globe how satisfied they are with their lives. Participants also answer questions about their positive and negative emotions from the day before the survey. Good feelings include things like laughter, enjoyment and how interested a person was in the activities they did. Negative emotions focus on sadness, anger and worry. The researchers who compile (编写) these reports look at how different emotions affect people’s life satisfaction.
The first report, released in 2012, used survey data from 2006 to 2010. With nearly two decades of data, scientists can now begin to track happiness trends for people of different ages or generations. It used to be that middle-aged adults were the least-happy age group. But the 2024 report flipped (翻转) that on its head: Teens in the United States are now the unhappiest group. In 2006 to 2010, young people’s reported happiness levels were about 7.3 on a scale from 0 to 10. In the most recent survey they were just 6.4. That drop put young people in the United States at a rank of 62 in terms of happiness, among143 countries. Older Americans ranked in the top 10.
That changed in 2012. That’s when happiness levels began to drop, according to data from Monitoring the Future. This long-term study follows more than 1 million U. S. teens to learn about their behaviors and emotional states as they grow into adulthood. It measures happiness on a scale from l(unhappiest) to 3 (happiest). Throughout the 2000s, high-school seniors showed average happiness levels around 2.09. But by 2016, that figure had dipped to 2.04. Eighth graders had a larger drop, from an average of about 2.06 to 1.98.
What triggered (触发) that ongoing slide in happiness levels It’s likely tied to smartphone and Internet use, reports Jean M. Twenge, a psychologist at San Diego State University in California. The problem with being online more isn’t just cyberbullying or other negative online interactions. Rather, the more time teens spend online, the lonelier they feel, Twenge has found.
21．In writing Paragraph 1, the author aims to _________.
A．present an argument B．make a comparison
C．raise a question D．propose a definition
22．What can we learn from Paragraph 2
A．Young people are the unhappiest in the United States.
B．The 2024 World Happiness Report was issued by the U.S.
C．The World Happiness Report shows how satisfied people are with their lives.
D．Researchers believe that young people 10 or 15 years ago were not happy.
23．What could be inferred from Paragraphs 3
A．The first report is based on nearly 20 years of survey data.
B．Young Americans now live in poor conditions.
C．Middle-aged Americans used to be the happiest age group.
D．Older people in the United States might be the happiest now.
24．What is the author’s purpose in writing Paragraph 4
A．To point out when the happiness levels of American teens began to decline.
B．To provide specific data on the happiness levels of American teens.
C．To help readers understand the levels of happiness among American teenagers.
D．To share data on the happiness levels of American teenagers.
25．What conclusion can we draw from the passage
A．American teenagers are glued to their phones and the Internet.
B．Cyberbullying is a leading cause of unhappiness among American teens.
C．Negative online interactions triggered the ongoing slide in happiness levels.
D．The amount of time spent online is related to the happiness level of U.S. teens.
7.（2025·河南南阳·二模）Exhausted by the rising cost of living in the United States and non-stop advertisements, some young adults on TikTok are pushing back.
“When every moment of your life feels like you are being sold something and the price of that item keeps going up, people will burn out on spending money,” said Kara Perez, an influencer and financial educator.
Social media has long showcased picture — perfect homes, luxurious closets and various beauty products. But a new trend, known as “underconsumption core”, is moving in the opposite direction - encouraging more economical lifestyles and prioritizing quality over quantity. For example, many people on social media proudly display their well-worn shoes that have been with them since middle school, along with their commitment to using the last drop of their makeup. Others opt for repurposing old mason jars instead of buying new food storage containers.
For a long time, young people in the West have commonly made use of “Buy Now, Pay Later” plans, which have intensified consumption. They have developed a behavior of spending down to their last pound on a fashion item. It is an addiction tied to the pressure “to show who we are through possessions”. However, years of inflation (通货膨胀) have forced many to conclude that they cannot keep up with the spending habits of those on their social media feeds.
“The social media trend of ‘underconsumption’ is a way for Gen Z to make the most of their money and be environmentally friendly at the same time,” said Ashley Ross, head of Bank of America.
Low-consumption brick-and-mortar (实体的) initiatives attract a broader range of people across different profiles and generations. Anjali Zielinski, 42, joined a “Mending 101” workshop in Georgetown, DC, hoping to acquire new skills. She brought her 7-year-old daughter, Mina, along with her. In addition to providing an outlet for Mina’s creativity, she hopes the craft will teach her daughter the “value of our possessions and the work that goes into them.”
But some are still doubtful. It remains to be seen whether “underconsumption core” is simply a mood or a lasting movement. “The lifespan of this trend depends, in many ways, on how long the economy continues to slow and incomes remains below price gains,” Brett House, an economics professor at Columbia Business School, told CNBC．
26．What is the cause of some Americans’ cutting back on spending
A．The commercial activities. B．Their social media feeds.
C．Their material satisfaction. D．The economic downturn.
27．What is the philosophy of “underconsumption core”
A．Spending money as you like. B．Doing more with less.
C．Keeping up with the Joneses. D．Buy Now, Pay Later.
28．How does the author tell us the trend’s popularity among people
A．By giving examples. B．By making comparisons.
C．By listing numbers. D．By citing research data.
29．What is Brett House’s attitude to the “underconsumption core” trend
A．Doubtful. B．Reserved. C．Objective. D．Disapproving.
8.（24-25高三上·山西吕梁·期中）On 26 February 2024, China Media Group(CMG)aired the country’s first animated series produced with the help of generative artificial intelligence(AI)models. Titled Qianqiu Shisong, the series includes multiple seven-minute episodes and features animated retellings of some of the most famous classic Chinese poems and their backstories. Its contents are drawn from more than 200 time-honored Chinese poems that are found in primary, secondary and higher education textbooks.
The show was produced using CMG Media GPT, an AI model co-developed by CMG and Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory(SAIL). According to the laboratory, AI technology was used in every stage of Qianqiu Shisong’s production process, from art design to video generation and post-production.
CMG Media GPT was trained by being fed with large amounts of data from CMG’s previous poem-relevant programs, enabling it to create images and scenes that represent the style of traditional Chinese ink-wash paintings and feature historically accurate architectural designs and clothing details.
CMG Media GPT has significantly cut down on the time and costs of animation production. “AI will not replace humans but will increase humans’ working efficiency. For example, our team used to make one episode each month, but now we can make three episodes each month with the assistance of AI,” says the director of Qianqiu Shisong.
Following the putonghua version, an English-dubbed(英文配音的)version of the series titled Poems of Timeless Acclaim was aired online in March. The series will also be made available in other languages. On Chinese social media, some netizens comment that Qianqiu Shisong is a valuable opportunity to practice China’s AI technology. Others say that AI-generated animation is a smart approach to popularizing Chinese culture as the advanced technology can inject new life into ancient poetry.
30．What can we learn about Qianqiu Shisong from Paragraph1
A．It’s the first animated series throughout the world.
B．It consists of some of well-known classic poems in China.
C．Its contents are chosen from Western poetry classics.
D．It’s produced by artificial intelligent models alone.
31．What was the function of CMG Media GPT in producing the series
A．It was used to process animation production.
B．It was used to train netizens to appreciate poems.
C．It was used to analyze contemporary poems.
D．It was used to create images and scenes of modern China.
32．What does CMG Media GPT contribute to
A．Arousing public interest in poems greatly.
B．Adding the time to produce to a larger degree.
C．Taking the place of human beings completely.
D．Reducing the cost of producing dramatically.
33．Which of the following best describes Chinese netizens’ attitudes towards QianQiu Shi-Song
A．Indifferent B．Neutral C．Approving D．Doubtful
9.（24-25高三上·山西吕梁·期中）Bzzz. Oh no — a mosquito. Have you ever wondered how these small insects are so good at finding you A new study has identified one way they home in on us. It’s visual. Mosquitoes just like the look of our skin.
Claire Rusch and her colleagues have been working to uncover ways to avoid mosquito bites. And this biologist knows plenty about that. After all, while studying mosquitoes, “you get bitten a lot,” she notes. “It’s not easy to work with an animal that feeds on you.” A bite from a disease-carrying mosquito can be more than annoying, though. Rusch and her team just discovered something that could help drive these mosquitoes away. The Aedes aegypti mosquitoes that Rusch studies are attracted to a few colors, especially ones with long wavelengths of light. We see these colors — the same wavelengths given off by human skin — as red.
That finding could lead to the design of better traps to keep mosquitoes away from people. Anyone stuck in a room with a mosquito knows they are very good at finding you. These insects can detect the carbon dioxide or CO2 we breathe out. They also are attracted to sweat, body warmth and contrasting colors. But until now scientists didn’t know that mosquitoes could detect specific colors. “I found their research results surprising and very interesting,” says Trevor Sorrells, a mosquito neuroscientist.
The new research shows mosquitoes can see red light and tell that it is different from other colors. “This is important,” he notes, “because all human skin tones (肤色) reflect red light better than other colors. So mosquitoes can use it to locate human skin.” Next time you’re out where mosquitoes might be present, don’t forget the bug spray (蚊虫喷雾剂). And that red shirt You might want to leave it at home.
34．How do mosquitoes locate their potential victims
A．By smelling. B．By seeing.
C．By tasting. D．By touching.
35．According to Paragraph 2, it can be inferred that ________.
A．a bite from a mosquito can be deadly
B．Rusch and her team are working to find how mosquitoes bite
C．wavelengths given off by human skin are long ones
D．the studied mosquitoes favor colors of short wavelengths light
36．What does the new research tell us
A．We can get rid of mosquitoes by contrasting colors.
B．Sweat and body temperature appeal to mosquitoes.
C．The carbon dioxide we breathe out drives mosquitoes away.
D．A certain color can be noticed by mosquitoes.
37．What is the text
A．A biography. B．A book review.
C．A science report. D．A short story.
10.（24-25高三下·江苏扬州·开学考试）Years ago, the world-known Viennese philosopher Viktor E. Frankl criticized the popular understanding of some cherished American values, such as our idea of freedom. He took exception to what appeared to be a commonly accepted view of equating freedom with a license to do virtually anything one wants. To Frankl, freedom without responsibility was nonsense. That is why he suggested that the Statue of Liberty in New York Harbor on the East Coast be accompanied by a “Statue of Responsibility” somewhere along the West Coast.
Such a monument makes sense to me and, in my view, would be much more than just a “bookend” to the Statue of Liberty. It could serve, among other things, as an important reminder to everyone of what is required to safeguard true freedom and how to perform civil responsibilities.
A nonprofit foundation exists to advance Frankl’s idea with the goal of completing the statue. After the initial release of Prisoners of Our Thoughts, which I was honored to write at Dr. Frankl’s personal urging, I also became involved in the nonprofit foundation’s efforts in an advisory capacity as well as being invited to be one of the contributors to a book it sponsored entitled, Responsibility 911: With Great Liberty Comes Great Responsibility, published in 2008. This book examined the role that responsibility plays in a free society. In this regard, I was honored to be among a very distinguished group of contributors.
As you can learn from this list, the book embraced a wide range of ideologies (意识形态) and political beliefs. Indeed, making a strong and diversified case for the role of responsibility in a free society belongs to no one political party or a particular group. Rather, responsibility is a demonstration of the “ability to respond” and, in this context, requires rules of engagement that include both civility and agreement to disagree on matters of common concern. Diversity in all of its various dimensions, especially the diversity of thought, must be respected as a necessity of “responsibility” in the collective (集体，共同). Otherwise, we will never be able to reach common ground, a meaningful objective requiring, first and foremost, that we are willing and able to go to higher ground.
38．What does the underlined part “took exception to” in paragraph 1mean
A．Disapproved. B．Misunderstood.
C．Excluded. D．Compared.
39．Why does the author believe a Statue of Responsibility is needed
A．To honour the legacy of humanity. B．To promote tourism on the West Coast.
C．To symbolize the importance of freedom. D．To urge people to perform their civil duties.
40．What do we know about Responsibility 911
A．It was sponsored by Viktor E. Frankl. B．It is a collective work of diverse writers.
C．It was recommended by many celebrities. D．It is based on Prisoners of Our Thoughts.
41．What is necessary for a responsible society according to the author
A．Respecting the diversity of thought. B．Ignoring different political beliefs.
C．Having a uniform ideology and belief. D．Controlling various dimensions of diversity.
11.（24-25高三下·江苏扬州·开学考试）With massive factors influencing academic achievement, it can be difficult to identify the exact reason why some students excel(胜过)while others fall behind. However, a report released by the National Center on Scaling Up Effective Schools(NCSU)shows that student ownership and responsibility are key factors that have a big impact on a student's quality of academic performance.
The report presented findings from the first phase of a five-year research project that aims to identify the types of programs, practices and processes that support better outcomes for students at risk of failure. Initial findings indicated that the practice of increasing student ownership and responsibility for their academic success was a distinguishing feature of schools with higher student achievement. The researchers explain that students who take responsibility for their own learning are personally invested in their education and are more committed to understanding their subject matter.
One thing that all schools with higher value-added students had in common was that they held high expectations for student leaning. These schools didn't just assume that students would develop this sense of responsibility on their own; instead, teachers put specific structures in place to help students take ownership of their education, and made a concentrated effort to encourage and support students along the way. Additionally, teachers held the mindset that student ownership must be developed early on in a student's educational career.
The research shows that students who are encouraged to take ownership of their own learning are better able to work toward learning goals and demonstrate life skills such as initiative, self-direction and productivity. Such students will show their responsibility through behaviors such as completing assignments on time, making up for missed work, seeking additional help when they are struggling, asking questions when confused, and monitoring their own learning.
Lead researcher Marisa Cannata points out that these findings are consistent with the current research that focuses on helping students develop so-called “growth mindsets(心态)” and providing them with the skills they need to focus their learning efforts. The specific practices and conditions that make such a learning environment possible are described in more detail in the report Reaching for Rigor: Identifying Practices of Effective High Schools.
42．What does the NCSU report focus on
A．The importance of personalized education.
B．The key drivers of academic achievement.
C．The main standards for assessing student success.
D．The causes of underperformance among students.
43．What is a characteristic of schools with higher-achieving students
A．They increase spending on hardware facilities.
B．They offer an environment of student responsibility.
C．They have lower expectations for learning outcomes.
D．They emphasize shared responsibility early in education.
44．What is the last but one paragraph mainly about
A．The life skills essential for academic achievement.
B．The role of learning goals in facilitating student learning.
C．The challenges faced by students struggling academically.
D．The benefits of taking responsibility for one's learning efforts.
45．What might be discussed in the following paragraph
A．The detailed formation process of Reaching for Rigor.
B．The debates surrounding the idea of growth mindsets.
C．The practices and conditions for growth mindsets and skills.
D．The common findings in comparison to other researches.
12.（24-25高三下·江苏泰州·开学考试）A recent study from the Food and Mood Centre at Deakin University in Australia has cast light on an alternative approach to managing mild to moderate depression. The research suggests that lifestyle therapy, which includes nutritional consulting and regular physical activity, can be as effective as traditional psychotherapy (心理疗法) in reducing depressive symptoms.
In this study, 182 individuals diagnosed with non-severe depression were randomly assigned to either lifestyle therapy or cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). The lifestyle therapy group received guidance from a dietitian and an exercise physiologist. These professionals provided evidence-based advice on improving nutrition, particularly through a modified Mediterranean (地中海) diet, and including regular physical exercise into daily routine. Meanwhile, the CBT group was led by psychologists who taught strategies to manage negative thoughts and behaviors, and were provided with workbooks and self-help tools.
Both therapies were structured to match in frequency, duration, environment, and group size, ensuring a fair comparison. The results were promising: the lifestyle therapy group reported a 42% reduction in depression symptoms, whereas those who had traditional psychotherapy experienced a 37% reduction.
Although the study’s sample size was small, indicating the need for further research, it underlines the importance of lifestyle changes in medicine. The researchers point out that while lifestyle changes are the cornerstone of other areas of medicine, such as heart diseases and diabetes, they have traditionally been seen as ‘add-on’ to mental health care. The study’ s findings suggest that this mindset may need to shift.
Importantly, the research does not say that lifestyle changes should replace professional mental health care. Instead, it recommends a comprehensive approach where both lifestyle therapy and traditional psychotherapy are available options. This would allow individuals to access the care that best suits their needs, potentially offering more effective treatment for those fighting with mild to moderate depression.
46．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about
A．The significance of the research. B．The consequence of the research.
C．The performance of different subjects. D．The process of conducting the research.
47．What does the underlined word “cornerstone” in Paragraph 4 probably mean
A．A side factor. B．An optional part.
C．A fundamental element. D．A controversial method.
48．What is the suggestion of the research
A．Improve traditional psychotherapy. B．Include lifestyle changes as an option.
C．Stick to the Mediterranean diet strictly. D．Replace psychotherapy with lifestyle changes.
49．In which column of a magazine might this text be found
A．Fitness routines. B．Health & wellness.
C．Food adventures. D．Entertainment express.
