专题19 阅读理解议论文
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1.（24-25高三下·河北沧州·阶段练习）A lot of my friends are deeply worried about artificial intelligence, while acknowledging the possible benefits. Many fears about AI are based on an underestimation of the human mind. Some people seem to believe that the mind is like a computer. It’s all just information processing, algorithms (算法) all the way down, so of course machines are going to eventually overtake us.
This is a poor view of who we humans are. The Canadian scholar Michael Ignatieff expressed a much more accurate view of the human mind: “What we do is not processing. It is not computation. It is not data analysis. It is a human activity that is a complex combination of conscious (有意识的) and unconscious, logical and emotional reflection.”
The human mind isn’t just predicting the next word in a sentence; it developed to love and bond with others; to seek the kind of wisdom that is held in the body; to seek and create meaning. AI can copy human thought because it can take all the ideas that human beings have produced and produce them into strings of words or collections of images that make sense to us. But that doesn’t mean the AI “mind” is like the human mind. The AI “mind” lacks understanding, self-awareness, emotions, moral feelings and a unique worldview based on a lifetime of distinct and never to be repeated experiences.
AI is a different kind of intelligence, more powerful than us in some ways, but narrower. It’s helping people handle boring tasks. It’s probably going to be a fantastic tutor, which will transform education and help humans all around the world learn more. But AI’s ultimate accomplishment will be to remind us who we are by revealing what it can’t do. It will force us to double down on all the activities that make us distinctly human: taking care of each other, being a good teammate, reading deeply, exploring daringly, growing spiritually, finding kindred spirits (志趣相投者) and having a good time.
1．What does the author intend to emphasize by quoting Michael Ignatieff
A．The potential threats of artificial intelligence.
B．The gradual replaceability of human thought.
C．The information processing of the human mind.
D．The unique nature of human mental activity.
2．How does the author develop the third paragraph
A．By giving an exact definition. B．By making detailed contrasts.
C．By listing specific data. D．By analyzing cause and effect.
3．What does the author think AI will finally do
A．Remind us of the human limitations. B．Replace human beings in aspects of life.
C．Encourage us to focus on learning activities. D．Enhance our understanding of human nature.
4．What is the best title for the text
A．Can AI Think for Itself B．Do We Need to Resist AI
C．Will AI Threaten Humanity D．Is AI Age Welcome
【答案】1．D 2．B 3．D 4．C
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了很多人担心人工智能会带来威胁，作者认为这种担心是基于对人类思维的低估。通过引用学者的观点和对比人类思维与人工智能的不同，作者指出人工智能虽然在某些方面强大，但与人类思维有本质区别，其最终作用是让人们更加关注那些体现人类独特性的活动。
1．推理判断题。根据第二段中“The Canadian scholar Michael Ignatieff expressed a much more accurate view of the human mind: “What we do is not processing. It is not computation. It is not data analysis. It is a human activity that is a complex combination of conscious (有意识的) and unconscious, logical and emotional reflection.”(加拿大学者迈克尔·伊格纳蒂夫（Michael Ignatieff）对人类思维的看法要准确得多：“我们所做的不是处理。这不是计算。这不是数据分析。它是一种人类活动，是有意识和无意识、逻辑和情感反映的复杂结合。”)”可知，作者引用 Michael Ignatieff 的话是为了强调人类思维活动不是简单的处理、计算或数据分析，而是有意识和无意识、逻辑和情感反思的复杂组合，突出了人类思维活动的独特性。故选D项。
2．推理判断题。根据第三段中，作者先指出“The human mind isn’t just predicting the next word in a sentence; it developed to love and bond with others; to seek the kind of wisdom that is held in the body; to seek and create meaning.(人类的大脑不只是预测句子中的下一个单词；它发展为爱和与他人的联系；寻求身体所蕴藏的智慧；寻找和创造意义)”，这说明了人类思维的特点；接着又说“AI can copy human thought because it can take all the ideas that human beings have produced and produce them into strings of words or collections of images that make sense to us. But that doesn’t mean the AI ‘mind’ is like the human mind. The AI ‘mind’ lacks understanding, self-awareness, emotions, moral feelings and a unique worldview based on a lifetime of distinct and never to be repeated experiences.( 人工智能可以复制人类的思想，因为它可以将人类产生的所有想法转化为对我们有意义的单词串或图像集。但这并不意味着人工智能的“思维”就像人类的思维。人工智能“头脑”缺乏理解、自我意识、情感、道德感受和基于一生独特且永远不会重复的经历的独特世界观)”将人工智能的“思维”与人类思维进行对比，阐述了人工智能的“思维”虽然能复制人类思想，但缺乏人类思维所具有的理解、自我意识、情感、道德感和独特的世界观等。由此推知，作者是通过详细的对比来展开第三段的。故选B项。
3．细节理解题。根据最后一段“But AI’s ultimate accomplishment will be to remind us who we are by revealing what it can’t do. It will force us to double down on all the activities that make us distinctly human: taking care of each other, being a good teammate, reading deeply, exploring daringly, growing spiritually, finding kindred spirits(志趣相投者) and having a good time.( 但人工智能的最终成就将是通过揭示它不能做什么来提醒我们，我们是谁。它将迫使我们加倍投入所有使我们成为人类的活动：互相照顾，成为一个好队友，深入阅读，大胆探索，精神成长，找到志同道合的人，享受美好时光)”可知，作者认为人工智能的最终成就将是通过揭示它不能做的事情来提醒我们人类的本质，促使我们更加关注那些使我们成为独特人类的活动，从而增强我们对人性的理解。故选D项。
4．主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及第一段“A lot of my friends are deeply worried about artificial intelligence, while acknowledging the possible benefits. Many fears about AI are based on an underestimation of the human mind. Some people seem to believe that the mind is like a computer. It’s all just information processing, algorithms(算法) all the way down, so of course machines are going to eventually overtake us.( 我的很多朋友都对人工智能深感担忧，同时也承认它可能带来的好处。许多对人工智能的担忧都是基于对人类思维的低估。有些人似乎认为大脑就像一台电脑。这一切都只是信息处理，算法，所以当然机器最终会超过我们)”可知，文章开篇提到很多人担心人工智能，接着阐述了人类思维的独特性以及人工智能与人类思维的区别，最后说明人工智能的最终作用，整体围绕人工智能是否会威胁人类这一话题展开讨论。由此可知，“人工智能会威胁人类吗？”适合作本文最佳标题。故选C项。
2.（24-25高三下·江苏常州·开学考试）A recent survey found children would rather be online influencers (网红) than astronauts. It made headlines and led to plenty of complaints about “kids these days”. Is influencing a promising career path The lifestyles we see advertised on social media are enticing, but under the shining appearance lie uncertain income, pay inequality, disability and mental health issues.
Successful influencers will be the first to claim that anyone can make it in the industry. However, social media economy experts uncovered a huge income gap between successful influencers and everyone else. For most people trying to become an influencer, their passion projects of content creation often become free work for brands.
Most influencers are self-employed, often experiencing inconsistent income and a lack of protection that comes with long-term employment. The risks of self-employment are increased in the influencer industry by an absence of industry standards and little pay transparency. Influencers are often forced to assess their own value and determine fees for their work. As a result, content creators often undervalue their own creative labour, and many end up working for free.
Influencers are also often at the mercy of algorithms — the behind-the-scenes computer programs that determine which posts are shown, in which order, to users. Platforms share little detail about their algorithms, yet they finally determine who and what gains visibility and influence on social media. The threat of invisibility is a constant source of insecurity for influencers, who are under constant pressure to feed platforms with content. If they don’t, they may be “punished” by the algorithm — having posts hidden or displayed lower down on search results.
Constant online presence leads to one of the most common issues in the influencer industry: mental health concerns. Influencers can connect to their platform workspaces and audience at any time of day or night, which can lead to them overworking. Coupled with the fear of online criticism, it contributes to mental and physical health issues.
Although becoming an influencer may look appealing to more and more people, the industry’s dark underside needs to be made visible and improved through enhanced employment regulation and industry-led cultural change.
5．Which of the following words cans replace “enticing” in Paragraph 1
A．Imaginative. B．Similar. C．Attractive. D．Traditional
6．What’s one of the reasons for influencers’ undervaluing their creative work
A．Standardized protection. B．Invisibility of payment.
C．Assessment of own work. D．Passion for content creation.
7．What may cause the influencers’ stress according to Paragraph 4
A．Having to work out the order of posts to be displayed.
B．Finding it difficult to create new content constantly.
C．Having little knowledge of platform algorithms.
D．Being unequally punished by platforms.
8．Why does the author write this text
A．To show the dark side of working as an online content creator.
B．To reveal relationships between platforms and influencers.
C．To stress the importance of visibility in the online world.
D．To describe the life of self-employed content creators.
【答案】5．C 6．B 7．C 8．A
【导语】本文体裁为议论文，文章大意是讨论了网红作为一种职业的吸引力及其背后的挑战和问题。
5．词句猜测题。由文章第一段中“The lifestyles we see advertised on social media are enticing, but under the shining appearance lie uncertain income, pay inequality, disability and mental health issues. (我们在社交媒体上看到的那些网红宣传的生活方式很enticing，但在这光鲜亮丽的外表之下，存在着收入不稳定、薪酬不平等、身体伤残以及心理健康等问题。)”可知，网光鲜亮丽的外表说明网红宣传的生活方式很诱人，enticing的意思是“诱人的，吸引人的”。可以用Attractive“吸引人的”来替换。故选C。
6．细节理解题。由文章第三段中“The risks of self-employment are increased in the influencer industry by an absence of industry standards and little pay transparency. Influencers are often forced to assess their own value and determine fees for their work. As a result, content creators often undervalue their own creative labour, and many end up working for free. (由于网红行业缺乏行业标准，薪酬透明度也很低，个体经营的风险在这个行业里进一步增加了。网红们常常不得不自己评估自身价值，并确定自己工作的报酬。结果，内容创作者们常常低估自己的创造性劳动价值，很多人最终都是无偿工作。)”可知，第三段指出行业缺乏薪酬透明度（little pay transparency），导致创作者需自行评估劳动价值，最终低估自身工作，说明网红低估自己创作价值的原因之一是薪酬不透明。故选B。
7．细节理解题。由文章第四段中“Influencers are also often at the mercy of algorithms — the behind-the-scenes computer programs that determine which posts are shown, in which order, to users. Platforms share little detail about their algorithms, yet they finally determine who and what gains visibility and influence on social media. The threat of invisibility is a constant source of insecurity for influencers, who are under constant pressure to feed platforms with content. (网红们还常常受算法的支配 —— 算法就是幕后的计算机程序，它们决定着哪些帖子会展示给用户，以及展示的顺序。社交媒体平台很少透露其算法的细节，但这些算法最终决定了在社交媒体上谁以及什么内容能获得关注和影响力。对于网红们来说，可能会被算法忽视的威胁一直是他们不安全感的来源，他们一直承受着要不断为平台提供内容的压力。)”可知，第四段强调平台不公开算法细节，创作者因无法预测内容曝光机制而被迫持续产出内容，导致压力，说明网红压力的来源之一是对平台算法缺乏了解。故选C。
8．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第一段中“The lifestyles we see advertised on social media are enticing, but under the shining appearance lie uncertain income, pay inequality, disability and mental health issues. (我们在社交媒体上看到的那些网红所宣传的生活方式很诱人，但在光鲜亮丽的外表之下，存在着收入不稳定、薪酬不平等、身体损伤以及心理健康等问题。)”和最后一段“Although becoming an influencer may look appealing to more and more people, the industry’s dark underside needs to be made visible and improved through enhanced employment regulation and industry-led cultural change. (尽管成为网红对越来越多的人来说可能很有吸引力，但这个行业的阴暗面需要被曝光，并且需要通过加强就业监管和行业引领的文化变革来加以改善。)”可知，文章通过分析网红职业的吸引力及其背后的挑战，揭示了这一行业的负面影响，例如收入不稳定、算法控制、心理健康问题等。因此，作者写作的目的是展示作为在线内容创作者的黑暗面。故选A。
3.（24-25高三下·江苏泰州·开学考试）SpaceX Starship test launch in October 2024 marked another milestone for the world’s largest and most powerful rocket. But additional data collected indicates Starship may be even more damaging to local communities and wildlife than critics previously feared.
According to datasets published, the 30-story-tall Starship’s 33 engines generate anywhere between 105 and 125 decibels (分贝) during its liftoff and landing, which is powerful enough to cause structural damage to buildings. Gee, a professor in Brigham Young University, detected those sound levels roughly six miles away. “This is the largest rocket ever built. It would stand to reason that it would also produce the highest level of noise among all rockets ever constructed.” Gee said.
Gee stresses that although researchers often measure noise using decibel levels, there are other measurements for sound. So he believes it’s best to assess Starship’s loudness by comparing it to other understandable quantities. On the quieter end, Starship’s liftoff may sound similar to an average rock concert. At its loudest that noise is equal to hearing a close range gunshot.
According to environmental engineer Roesch, the “raw power output” from Starship’s Super Heavy rockets has increased 30 percent since the FAA’s initial risk review in 2019, an amount expected to grow over future launches. Roesch calls past assumptions by the FAA “not only factually laughable based on an understanding of basic physics” but contradictory to NASA’s decades of Acoustic Modeling document. “No bird egg will survive that kind of impact. More deaths for animals are not accounted for in the FAA’s risk assessment.”
Gee declines to offer a personal opinion regarding SpaceX’s ongoing Starship launch schedule, and believes humanity’s future may require space travel. In the meantime, he hopes the new data will inform policy and regulatory decisions. “We are talking about levels that people found unacceptable before,” he says.
9．How did Gee conclude SpaceX’s rocket would be the loudest ever built
A．He measured the decibel levels directly. B．He calculated the rocket’s engine power.
C．He inferred from the rocket’s dimensions. D．He checked all the datasets published.
10．Why does Gee mention gunshot
A．To indicate possible damage. B．To make readers amused.
C．To measure sounds accurately. D．To describe noise levels vividly.
11．What did Roesch think of FAA’s assumptions
A．Factual but contradictory. B．Illogical and inaccurate.
C．Optimistic but simple. D．Irrelevant and outdated.
12．What is the text mainly about
A．Animal injuries during SpaceX’s launches.
B．Fair prospects for SpaceX’ s Starship project.
C．Technical drawbacks of SpaceX’s rocket engines.
D．Environmental impact of SpaceX’s Starship launch.
【答案】9．C 10．D 11．B 12．D
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章围绕2024年10月SpaceX 星际飞船测试发射展开，指出其对当地社区和野生动物破坏超预期，阐述噪音影响及相关人士观点。
9．推理判断题。根据第二段第二句“This is the largest rocket ever built. It would stand to reason that it would also produce the highest level of noise among all rockets ever constructed.(这是有史以来建造的最大的火箭。有理由认为，它也会产生有史以来所有建造的火箭中最高水平的噪音。)”可知，Gee是从火箭的尺寸（the largest rocket）推断出SpaceX 的火箭会是有史以来噪音最大的。故选C项。
10．推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“At its loudest that noise is equal to hearing a close range gunshot.(在最响的时候，那种噪音等同于听到近距离的枪声。)”可知，Gee提到枪声是为了生动形象地描述噪音水平。故选D项。
11．推理判断题。根据第四段第二句“Roesch calls past assumptions by the FAA ‘not only factually laughable based on an understanding of basic physics’ but contradictory to NASA’s decades of Acoustic Modeling document.(Roesch 称联邦航空局过去的假设‘基于对基础物理的理解，不仅在事实上可笑’，而且与美国国家航空航天局数十年的声学建模文件相矛盾。)”可知，Roesch认为联邦航空局的假设不合逻辑且不准确。故选B项。
12．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章第一段提到“But additional data collected indicates Starship may be even more damaging to local communities and wildlife than critics previously feared.(但是收集到的更多数据表明，星际飞船对当地社区和野生动物的破坏可能比批评者之前担心的还要严重。)”，接着后文从噪音对建筑的影响、对动物的影响等方面阐述了SpaceX 星际飞船发射对环境的影响。所以文章主要讲的是SpaceX 星际飞船发射对环境的影响。故选D项。
4.（2025·吉林延边·一模）Most have probably heard of Henry David Thoreau and his book Walden, even though his message of simplicity may sound outdated. Nowadays, smartphones flood us with text messages. Many consumers are buying the latest digital devices, from tablets and fitness trackers to commercial drones. Simple living seems to be a thing of the past.
Thoreau would beg to differ. As a writer who advocated the value of simplicity almost two centuries ago, he was a contrarian (叛逆者) for his time. He lived during the height of the Industrial Age, distinguished by the rise of large factories, expanding urban developments, and powerful machines.
Turned off by the constant busyness of this time, Thoreau withdrew from city life to live alone in the woods. He brought with him only the necessities of life and wrote about this adventure in his book Walden. In the book, Thoreau is basically making a philosophical statement. We are not living meaningful lives due to modern technology. We created powerful machines to make life more convenient. Unfortunately, these machines have done the opposite. In his words, “men have become the tools of their tools”.
That is to say, we are not the ones controlling technology. Technology is controlling us. Every few minutes, smartphones may distract us with messages. At least half of Americans check their phones several times an hour. Meanwhile, information overload from social media can weaken our concentration and heighten confusion.
When technology causes that much distraction and confusion, it may be healthy to simplify life by reducing technology overuse. Personally, I’ve done so in two ways. First, I use very little data on my phone and keep the apps on it to a minimum. Most time, I only use my phone to call or text. Second, I quit most social media. Sure, those two things aren’t as extreme as Thoreau withdrawing into the woods. Nevertheless, they’re realistic moves I can make toward living a more meaningful life.
13．Why does the author refer to Thoreau’s book Walden in Paragraph1
A．To tell the characters of Thoreau. B．To attract more consumers.
C．To bring in the concept of simple life. D．To discuss the advantage of smartphones.
14．What might drive Thoreau to live in the woods
A．The purpose to keep fit. B．His plan of writing a book.
C．The pace of his time. D．His worry about technology.
15．What is the author’s attitude to Thoreau’s words “men have become the tools of their tools”
A．Tolerant. B．Doubtful. C．Approving. D．Critical.
16．What is the author’s main argument in this text
A．Modern technology improves our lives. B．Simplicity in a way helps live a meaningful life.
C．We should withdraw from modern society. D．Powerful machines are necessary for progress.
【答案】13．C 14．C 15．C 16．B
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了梭罗的简单生活理念及其对现代生活的启示。
13．推理判断题。由文章第一段“Most have probably heard of Henry David Thoreau and his book Walden, even though his message of simplicity may sound outdated. Nowadays, smartphones flood us with text messages. Many consumers are buying the latest digital devices, from tablets and fitness trackers to commercial drones. Simple living seems to be a thing of the past. (大多数人可能都听说过亨利·戴维·梭罗和他的著作《瓦尔登湖》，尽管他提倡简朴生活的理念听起来可能已经过时。如今，智能手机向我们狂轰滥炸般发送短信。许多消费者都在购买最新的数字设备，从平板电脑、健身追踪器到商用无人机应有尽有。简朴生活似乎已经成了过去式。)”可知，作者提到梭罗的《瓦尔登湖》是为了引出简单生活的概念。故选C。
14．细节理解题。由文章第三段中“Turned off by the constant busyness of this time, Thoreau withdrew from city life to live alone in the woods. (梭罗厌倦了那个时代的持续忙碌，于是从城市生活中抽身，独自住在树林里。)”可知，他的时间节奏促使梭罗住在树林里。故选C。
15．推理判断题。由文章第四段“That is to say, we are not the ones controlling technology. Technology is controlling us. Every few minutes, smartphones may distract us with messages. At least half of Americans check their phones several times an hour. Meanwhile, information overload from social media can weaken our concentration and heighten confusion. (也就是说，我们不是控制技术的人。技术在控制我们。每隔几分钟，智能手机就可能用消息分散我们的注意力。至少有一半的美国人每小时会查看几次手机。与此同时，社交媒体上的信息过载会削弱我们的专注力，加剧困惑。)”可知，作者认同梭罗的观点，即人们已成为自己创造的工具的奴隶，技术正在控制我们。故选C。
16．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第一段中“Many consumers are buying the latest digital devices, from tablets and fitness trackers to commercial drones. Simple living seems to be a thing of the past. (许多消费者都在购买最新的数字设备，从平板电脑、健身追踪器到商用无人机应有尽有。简朴生活似乎已经成了过去式。)”和最后一段“When technology causes that much distraction and confusion, it may be healthy to simplify life by reducing technology overuse. (当技术造成如此多的干扰和困惑时，通过减少过度使用技术来简化生活可能是有益的。)”可知，作者的主要论点是简化生活在一定程度上有助于过上更有意义的生活。故选B。
5.（24-25高三上·山东青岛·期末）For too long, we’ve been living on the edge of burnout, with to-do lists growing longer, calendars full, and deadlines that seem never-ending. It’s not a secret that busyness has been worn like a mark of honor, while moments of down time are seen as unproductive. But if there’s no time to breathe or room to think, how are we able to come up with new ideas, let alone carry them out
I didn’t realize how deep-rooted this lifestyle had become for me until I stepped into self-employment in 2023. Balancing busy periods with quieter ones unexpectedly brought anxiety and self-judgment instead of the anticipated relief to pause and reflect. However, the tide is turning in the world of work: there’s a growing pushback against non-stop demands, and increased awareness about the benefits — including improved concentration, creativity and job satisfaction-of doing one thing at a time.
According to Marc Zao-Sanders, author of Timeboxing, multitasking is the attempt to attend to two things at once, for example firing off a few emails while sitting in a meeting. The pity here is that you may end up doing a poor job of both, and enjoy neither. But it’s actually a little more complex than this. If one of the tasks is familiar to you and doesn’t demand too much of you cognitively (认知地), it may well be that you can take on a second task at the same time. The main issue is thinking you can do both at once for those tasks where you can’t. This is both unproductive and can easily feel frustrated.
The phrase “multitasking” has been adopted by all sorts of typically high-achieving people and a mark of status. But our brains cannot complete tasks at the same time. They are completed in a sequence. Multitasking is tiring us out more quickly and making us less efficient. So, let’s bid farewell to the era of handling a hundred things at once.
17．What’s people’s common view to busyness
A．It is a way to generate new ideas.
B．It shows that people are less productive.
C．It reflects people’s poor time-management.
D．It is a symbol of efficiency and excellence.
18．How does the author feel after she became self-employed
A．Relaxed. B．Panicked. C．Uneasy. D．Stress-free.
19．What can we learn about multitasking from paragraph 3
A．It can reduce our productivity. B．It can weaken our cognitive ability.
C．It makes us creative and concentrated. D．It is essential in today’s fast-pace world.
20．What does the author suggest in the passage
A．Following high-achieving people. B．Working one task at a time.
C．Raising the efficiency of multitasking. D．Challenging our brain capacity.
【答案】17．D 18．C 19．A 20．B
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了现代社会中人们普遍存在的过度忙碌和“多任务处理”现象，以及这种生活方式对个人创造力和工作效率的负面影响。
17．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“It’s not a secret that busyness has been worn like a mark of honor, while moments of down time are seen as unproductive.(忙碌一直被当作一种荣誉的象征，而闲暇时光则被视为毫无成效，这早已不是什么秘密。)”可知，忙碌一直被当作一种荣誉的象征，而闲暇时光则被视为毫无成效。这意味着在人们的普遍观念中，忙碌是一种值得骄傲的事情，可理解为忙碌象征着效率和优秀。故选D。
18．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“I didn’t realize how deep-rooted this lifestyle had become for me until I stepped into self-employment in 2023. Balancing busy periods with quieter ones unexpectedly brought anxiety and self-judgment instead of the anticipated relief to pause and reflect.(直到2023年我开始自主创业，我才意识到这种生活方式在我身上已经根深蒂固到了何种程度。原本预期在忙碌时段与清闲时段之间取得平衡后，能获得喘息和反思的机会，从而感到轻松，可没想到却带来了焦虑和自我评判。)”可知，作者在2023年开始自主创业后，原本预期在忙碌和清闲之间取得平衡能获得喘息和反思的轻松感，但没想到却带来了焦虑和自我评判，作者自主创业后感到不安。故选C。
19．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“According to Marc Zao-Sanders, author of Timeboxing, multitasking is the attempt to attend to two things at once, for example firing off a few emails while sitting in a meeting. The pity here is that you may end up doing a poor job of both, and enjoy neither.(根据《时间箱管理》一书的作者Marc Zao-Sanders的说法，“多任务处理”指的是试图同时处理两件事情，例如在开会时快速发送几封电子邮件。遗憾的是，这样做的结果可能是两件事都没做好，而且两件事都体验不佳。)”以及“This is both unproductive and can easily feel frustrated.(这样做不仅效率低下，还很容易让人感到沮丧。)”可知，多任务处理可能导致两件事都做不好，既没有效率还容易让人沮丧，所以会降低我们的工作效率。故选A。
20．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Multitasking is tiring us out more quickly and making us less efficient. So, let’s bid farewell to the era of handling a hundred things at once.(多任务处理让我们更快地感到疲惫，也降低了我们的效率。所以，让我们告别一次处理一百件事情的时代吧。)”可知，作者强调了多任务处理的坏处，结合最后一句告别一次处理多项任务的时代，可推断出作者建议一次只做一项任务。故选B。
6.（24-25高三下·广西·开学考试）Some films shine brighter than others. RaMell Ross’ “Nickel Boys,” a stirring cinematic adaptation of Colson Whitehead’s Pulitzer Prize-winning novel, is polished to a remarkable brilliance. Its confidence comes on like a stiff breeze on a sticky Southern summer day, as it tells a boldly designed story of two Black kids named Elwood and Turner, living during the height of segregation (种族隔离) in Florida. Elwood is a smart, idealistic kid who is wrongly sent to the abusive walls of Nickel Academy, a reform school for boys, while Turner is the bright friend he makes in the dark passages of those days.
Your immersion into the film’s world begins early on. From its opening scene with closeups of fruit hanging high up in a tree, cigarette smoke floating through the air and hands shuffling cards, “Nickel Boys” makes you feel like you’re taking a glance into someone’s life. You’re getting a kid’s perspective of Christmas trees and decorations from below; sheets being put onto beds and laughter ringing in the air. The simple, joyful human moments at the beginning of the film are in sharp contrast to the inhumane treatment shown later on.
Ross achieves something brilliant when he shows this first-person point of view from Elwood’s perspective. It’s as if you see through his eyes, moving along with him, but you also hear his voice in conversations. This soon shifts when Turner makes his first appearance, and his perspective is also shown throughout the rest of the film. This choice is effective in making the viewer feel every conversation, every loss, every little moment. It also shows both the boys’ very different attitudes toward whether the truth would win out.
Shot with frequent shifts in perspective, “Nickel Boys” challenges the audience to see and feel the world through Black eyes, demanding effort and empathy. This isn’t a film that holds your hand, but rather one that expects you to meet it on its own terms. Yet, as a clear masterpiece held together by visual splendor and distinctive performances, it proves that this brave, honest storytelling strategy is well worth the reward.
21．What can we learn about the film “Nickle Boys” from the first paragraph
A．It has been awarded the Pulitzer Prize.
B．Its setting reflects the reality of racism.
C．The story happened during a hot summer.
D．Both main characters were wrongly punished.
22．Why does RaMell Ross adopt shifting perspectives
A．To highlight both boys’ very different viewpoints.
B．To avoid focusing too much on one character’s story.
C．To confuse the audience and challenge their understanding.
D．To showcase the reform school’s effect on different students.
23．Which of the following best describes the film
A．Cheerful and realistic. B．Daring and immersive.
C．Heavy but inspiring. D．Heartwarming but challenging.
24．Where is the text most probably taken from
A．A film review. B．A book introduction.
C．A historical analysis. D．An online advertisement.
【答案】21．B 22．A 23．B 24．A
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章属于影评，主要介绍了电影“Nickel Boys”的背景、内容、拍摄手法以及其独特之处等，对电影进行了评价。
21．推理判断题。根据第一段“Its confidence comes on like a stiff breeze on a sticky Southern summer day, as it tells a boldly designed story of two Black kids named Elwood and Turner, living during the height of segregation (种族隔离) in Florida. (它的自信就像南方闷热夏日里凛冽的微风，讲述了一个设计大胆的故事：两个名叫Elwood和Turner的黑人孩子生活在种族隔离最严重的佛罗里达州。)” 可知，电影讲述了两个黑人孩子在佛罗里达州种族隔离最严重时期的故事，故推断其背景反映了种族主义的现实。故选B。
22．细节理解题。根据第三段“This choice is effective in making the viewer feel every conversation, every loss, every little moment. It also shows both the boys’ very different attitudes toward whether the truth would win out. (这种选择有效地让观众感受到每一次对话、每一次失落、每一个小小的时刻。这也显示了两个男孩对于真相是否会胜出的截然不同的态度。)” 可知，采用转换视角的方式不仅能让观众感受到每一次对话、每一次失落、每一个小小的时刻，还能展示两个男孩对真理是否会胜出的截然不同的态度，也就是突出了两个男孩非常不同的观点。故选A。
23．细节理解题。根据第一段“Its confidence comes on like a stiff breeze on a sticky Southern summer day, as it tells a boldly designed story of two Black kids named Elwood and Turner, living during the height of segregation (种族隔离) in Florida. (它的自信就像南方闷热夏日里凛冽的微风，讲述了一个设计大胆的故事：两个名叫Elwood和Turner的黑人孩子生活在种族隔离最严重的佛罗里达州。)”可知，电影的设计大胆的，再根据第三段“Your immersion into the film’s world begins early on. From its opening scene with closeups of fruit hanging high up in a tree, cigarette smoke floating through the air and hands shuffling cards, “Nickel Boys” makes you feel like you’re taking a glance into someone’s life. (你很早就开始沉浸在电影世界里了。从电影开场的特写镜头来看，水果高悬在树上，香烟烟雾在空气中飘浮，人们在洗牌，“Nickel Boys”让你觉得你在窥视某人的生活。)”可知电影能让我们沉浸其中，也就是身临其境。故选B。
24．推理判断题。通读全文可知文章主要介绍了电影“Nickel Boys”的背景、内容、拍摄手法以及其独特之处等，对电影进行了评价，所以最有可能来自一篇电影评论。故选A。
7.（24-25高三下·湖北·开学考试）The next time you’re feeling depressed or angry at the world, ask yourself if you’ve really been dealt a poor hand — or if, just maybe, you were expecting too much. That’s one message that can be drawn from a recent study on entitlement, a personality trait characterized by exaggerated feelings of deservingness and superiority. Entitlement may lead to constant disappointment, say researchers from Case Western Reserve University.
The authors reached these conclusions after analyzing more than 170 academic papers. They found that people who possess high levels. of entitlement consistently fall victim to a three-part cycle: First, they don’t always get everything they think they deserve, leaving them constantly vulnerable to unmet expectations. Those unmet expectations are then perceived as injustices, leading to emotions like anger and sadness. Finally, to justify those emotions, entitled people reassure themselves of their own specialness. This helps them feel better temporarily, but ultimately starts the process all over again.
At extreme levels, entitled people repeatedly expose themselves to the risk of feeling frustrated and disappointed with life. They also tend to suffer from poor relationships, interpersonal conflicts, and depression, says co-author Julie Exline, PhD, a professor of psychological sciences at Case Western Reserve. “So much of entitlement is about competition — being better or more deserving than other people, ”she told . “It really sets in opposition to society, and it can be very isolating. ”
“It’s not easy for true narcissists (自恋者) to see themselves for what they are, or to change their way of thinking.” Exline says. But she does believe that, for many well-intentioned people, feelings of entitlement can be controlled. “Conditioning yourself to think about other people and what they deserve — and also being willing to admit your own faults and weaknesses — can help you feel more connected to others, ” she says.
We should be also aware that not all feelings of entitlement are wrong or bad: We shouldn’t just lower our standards or stop expecting things we truly do deserve, just so we can be happier. But if you do notice that you’ve developed an overblown sense of self — and it’s causing you to be annoyed or not get along with others — you can definitely try to do something about it.
25．What causes entitled people to be trapped in a three-part cycle
A．Consistent negative emotions. B．A strong sense of self-awareness.
C．Constant self-pity and helplessness. D．Unrealistic expectations and frustration.
26．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about
A．The reason for entitlement. B．The benefits of competition.
C．The negative effects of entitlement. D．The importance of connecting with others.
27．What might be Exline’s suggestion for entitled people
A．Change your mindset to one of competitiveness.
B．Focus on your own achievements and superiority.
C．Prioritize personal goals over considering others’ needs.
D．Place yourself into others’ position and reflect on yourself.
28．Which word best describes the author’s attitude to entitlement
A．Balanced. B．Critical. C．Supportive. D．Tolerant.
【答案】25．D 26．C 27．D 28．A
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章探讨了“配得感”(entitlement)这一人格特质，它以过分的应得感和优越感为特征。文章强调，虽然配得感可能导致问题，但并非所有配得感都是错误的，关键在于平衡期望与现实，以及学会考虑他人的需求和感受。
25．细节理解题。根据第二段“They found that people who possess high levels. of entitlement consistently fall victim to a three-part cycle: First, they don’t always get everything they think they deserve, leaving them constantly vulnerable to unmet expectations. Those unmet expectations are then perceived as injustices, leading to emotions like anger and sadness. Finally, to justify those emotions, entitled people reassure themselves of their own specialness. This helps them feel better temporarily, but ultimately starts the process all over again.(他们发现拥有高水平的人。他们总是会陷入一个由三部分组成的循环：首先，他们并不总是得到他们认为应得的一切，这让他们总是容易受到无法实现的期望的伤害。这些未满足的期望被认为是不公平的，导致愤怒和悲伤等情绪。最后，为了证明这些情绪是合理的，有权利的人对自己的特殊性进行了自我安慰。这会让他们暂时感觉好一些，但最终还是会重新开始这个过程)” 可知，是不切实际的期望和挫折感导致了他们落入三部曲循环中。故选D。
26．主旨大意题。根据第三段“At extreme levels, entitled people repeatedly expose themselves to the risk of feeling frustrated and disappointed with life. They also tend to suffer from poor relationships, interpersonal conflicts, and depression, says co-author Julie Exline, PhD.(在极端情况下，配得感的人往往反复让自己感到沮丧和对生活失望。他们还有糟糕的人际关系、冲突以及抑郁问题)”可知，第三段主要讨论了配得感的负面影响，包括导致人际关系差、人际冲突和抑郁。故选C。
27．推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“Conditioning yourself to think about other people and what they deserve — and also being willing to admit your own faults and weaknesses—can help you feel more connected to others.(让自己去思考他人及他们的需要，同时愿意承认自己的缺点和弱点，可以帮助你与他人建立更深的联系。）可知，Exline的建议是要站在他人立场上思考问题，并进行自我反思。故选D。
28．推理判断题。根据最后一段“We should be also aware that not all feelings of entitlement are wrong or bad: We shouldn’t just lower our standards or stop expecting things we truly do deserve, just so we can be happier. But if you do notice that you’ve developed an overblown sense of self — and it’s causing you to be annoyed or not get along with others — you can definitely try to do something about it.(我们也应该意识到，并非所有的配得感都是错误的或不好的：我们不应该降低我们的标准或停止期待我们真正应得的东西，只是为了让我们更快乐。但是，如果你确实注意到你已经形成了一种过度的自我意识，并且它导致你感到烦恼或无法与他人相处——你绝对可以尝试做些什么)”可知，作者提倡对配得感有一个全面的看法，既不全盘否定，也不盲目肯定，而是寻求一个平衡点。故选A。
8.（24-25高三下·河南开封·开学考试）Cellphone technology has certainly evolved as predicted over the last few decades, but what about the debate over their use in schools
Back in 2006, one fault line was already emerging between educators concerned about cellphone misuse in class and parents concerned about not being able to communicate with their children. The popularity of phone bans has yo-yoed since then, from a high of 91 percent of public schools prohibiting nonacademic use of cellphones in the 2009-2010 school year; the number dipped as low as 66percent in 2015-2016 but has since rebounded to 76 percent in 2021-2022.
Of course, the debate over cellphones in school has never been as clear-cut as educators vs. parents.
Middle school administrator Matt Levinson saw a fork in the road ahead of teachers in a 2009 essay: “They can continue fighting a losing battle and draw cruel lines in the sand, confiscating (没收) cellphones or banning their use during school hours. Or, they can seize the teachable moment, and shift their approaches to embrace technology and engage students with these devices.”
But for teachers in schools without a clear cellphone policy, finding those academic applications for smartphones amid the TikTok distractions (干扰) is no easy task.
Psychology professor Jean M. Twenge, who dug through data from 11,000 teens to conclude that “not all screen time is created equal,” laid down some dos and don’ts for cellphone access in the blog.
But not everyone is optimistic about finding a middle ground between an endless distraction and a productive learning tool. In a widely read 2016 essay, teacher Steve Gardiner had another word for his students’ relationships to their phones: addiction, “We have incentives to promote attendance and graduation, but many teenagers need help, because their bodies are in the classroom, but their minds are inside their cellphones,” he said.
For some teachers, that cellphone dependency has gotten bad enough to sour them on the profession entirely. That’s the story of high school biology teacher Mitchell Rutherford, who decided to quit teaching because of the exhaustion (筋疲力尽) he felt from competing with cellphones for students’ attention.
29．What can be learned about the popularity of phone bans
A．It does benefit teachers a lot. B．It has decreased the misuse in class.
C．It allows for nonacademic use. D．It experiences ups and downs.
30．What does the underlined phrase “a fork in the road” in paragraph 4 mean
A．A U-turning road. B．A teaching guidebook.
C．Different choices. D．Various teaching styles.
31．What’s Steve Gardiner’s attitude toward students’ using cellphones
A．Negative. B．Mixed. C．Tolerant. D．Uncaring.
32．What does the author imply in the last paragraph
A．Some teachers in school are not capable of teaching.
B．The use of cellphones in school should be banned.
C．It is beneficial to compete with cellphones for students’ focus.
D．Getting along with students makes some teachers feel exhausted.
【答案】29．D 30．C 31．A 32．B
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了在学校里，手机到底是令人分心的东西，还是用于学习的工具。
29．细节理解题。根据第二段“The popularity of phone bans has yo-yoed since then, from a high of 91 percent of public schools prohibiting nonacademic use of cellphones in the 2009-2010 school year; the number dipped as low as 66percent in 2015-2016 but has since rebounded to 76 percent in 2021-2022.(从那时起，禁止使用手机的普及程度就一直在下降，在2009至2010学年，91%的公立学校禁止非学术用途的手机；2015年至2016年，这一数字曾降至66%，但在2021年至2022年反弹至76%)”可知，手机禁令的流行经历了起伏。故选D。
30．词句猜测题。根据划线词下文“They can continue fighting a losing battle and draw cruel lines in the sand, confiscating (没收) cellphones or banning their use during school hours. Or, they can seize the teachable moment, and shift their approaches to embrace technology and engage students with these devices.(他们可以继续打一场必败的仗，在沙地上划下残酷的界线，没收手机或禁止在上课时间使用手机。或者，他们可以抓住教学的时机，改变他们的方法，拥抱技术，让学生们与这些设备互动)”可知，教师面前有两条路，他们可以没收手机，在上课时间禁止使用手机。或者，他们可以抓住教学时机，转变方法，拥抱科技，让学生使用这些设备。由此可知，划线词组a fork in the road意为“岔路口”，比喻做出不同的选择，与C项“不同的选择”含义相同。故选C。
31．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“In a widely read 2016 essay, teacher Steve Gardiner had another word for his students’ relationships to their phones: addiction, “We have incentives to promote attendance and graduation, but many teenagers need help, because their bodies are in the classroom, but their minds are inside their cellphones,” he said.(在一篇被广泛阅读的2016年文章中，史蒂夫·加德纳老师用另一个词来形容学生与手机的关系：上瘾。“我们有提高出勤率和毕业率的动机，但许多青少年需要帮助，因为他们的身体在教室里，但他们的思想在手机里，”他说)”可知，史蒂夫·加德纳认为手机导致学生上瘾。由此推知，他对学生们使用手机这一现象持消极态度。故选A。
32．推理判断题。根据最后一段“That’s the story of high school biology teacher Mitchell Rutherford, who decided to quit teaching because of the exhaustion (筋疲力尽) he felt from competing with cellphones for students’ attention.(这就是高中生物老师米切尔·卢瑟福的故事，他决定辞职，因为与手机竞争学生的注意力让他感到筋疲力尽)”可知，教师对学生依赖手机的现状无力挽救，所以想离职。由此推知，作者暗示了应该禁止在学校使用手机。故选B。
9.（2025·山东·模拟预测）When most parents of young children today were growing up, social media was not as hugely common as it is today if it existed at all. A lot of us even remember the days of being pen pals, sending paper letters with actual stamps. The fact remains that in the information age, these platforms are a huge part of daily life for everyone. However, the question is, how young is too young for social media
While most social media platforms require that members are of a certain age, that doesn’t always mean that the child is really ready for what the world of social media has to offer. For example, Snapchat requires that users be at least 13 years old, but are 13-year-olds ready for Snapchat
A lot of research has been done to try to understand when the right time is for social media. It can be compared to the debate of when to allow a child to have their first cell phone. The two are actually closely connected with each other.
A recent study published in Computers in Human Behavior shows that for the 750 middle schoolers in the Northeastern US, a majority of them who joined social media under the age of 10 had many problems. It showed that students spent extended amounts of time visiting websites that were not approved for them to visit.
Similar to Snapchat, other social media giants require users to be at least 13 years old to join, but it is pretty obvious to fake this information. The study’s lead author Linda Charmaraman shared, “Social media sites all require a minimum age of 13 to register, but the reality is that many users are younger than that: One-third of our sample had already started using social media at age 11 or 12 and another one-third had begun at age 10 or younger.”
Dr. Charmaraman continued, “This study helps us understand the risks and benefits for kids, so that parents and policymakers can make decisions that prioritize their well-being. These findings suggest that the industry-based minimum age of 13 for social media users may potentially be a good standard, if it can be enforced.”
33．What do we know about most parents today when they were young
A．They communicated by writing letters.
B．They were too young to use social media.
C．They were addicted to surfing the Internet.
D．They used to send emails to their pen friends.
34．What does Linda Charmaraman’s study show
A．Social media giants are reliable enough for the young.
B．Kids use social media without their parents’ monitoring.
C．Social media may not practice 13 as minimum registering age.
D．Many social media users often visit websites not approved for them.
35．What does the underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refer to
A．A good standard. B．The minimum age of 13．
C．Dr. Charmaraman’s study. D．Kids’ well-being.
36．Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A．Why Shouldn’t Young Children Use Social Media
B．Should Young Children Be Allowed on Social Media
C．How Should Young Children Be Guided on Social Media
D．What Is the Right Age to Allow a Child to Be on Social Media
【答案】33．A 34．C 35．B 36．D
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要讨论的是当前社交媒体对儿童开放的年龄标准及其对孩子的影响，探讨合适的孩子接触社交媒体的年龄。
33．推理判断题。根据第一段“When most parents of young children today were growing up, social media was not as hugely common as it is today if it existed at all. A lot of us even remember the days of being pen pals, sending paper letters with actual stamps.(当今天大多数孩子的父母成长的时候，社交媒体如果存在的话，也不像今天这么普遍。我们中的许多人甚至还记得作为笔友的日子，寄有真正邮票的纸质信件。)”可知，今天大多数父母年轻时通过写信交流。故选A。
34．推理判断题。根据第四段“A recent study published in Computers in Human Behavior shows that for the 750 middle schoolers in the Northeastern US, a majority of them who joined social media under the age of 10 had many problems.(最近发表在《计算机与人类行为》杂志上的一项研究表明，在美国东北部的750名中学生中，大多数在10岁以下加入社交媒体的人都有很多问题。)”及第五段“Social media sites all require a minimum age of 13 to register, but the reality is that many users are younger than that: One-third of our sample had already started using social media at age 11 or 12 and another one-third had begun at age 10 or younger.(社交媒体网站都要求注册的最低年龄为13岁，但现实情况是，许多用户都低于这个年龄：我们的样本中有三分之一的人在11岁或12岁时已经开始使用社交媒体，另有三分之一的人在10岁或更小的时候开始使用社交媒体。)”可知，Linda Charmaraman的研究表明了社交媒体不得将13岁作为最低注册年龄。故选C。
35．词句猜测题。根据最后一段“These findings suggest that the industry-based minimum age of 13 for social media users may potentially be a good standard(这些发现表明，基于行业的社交媒体用户最低年龄为13岁可能是一个很好的标准)”和“can be enforced(可以被执行)”可知，“it”指代的是上文提及的“the industry-based minimum age of 13”。故选B。
36．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“However, the question is, how young is too young for social media (然而，问题是，对于社交媒体来说，多小的年龄才算太小？)”和最后一段“These findings suggest that the industry-based minimum age of 13 for social media users may potentially be a good standard, if it can be enforced.(这些发现表明，如果能够强制执行，基于行业的社交媒体用户最低年龄为13岁可能是一个很好的标准。)”可知，本文主要讨论的是关于儿童使用社交媒体的适宜年龄问题，因此最好的题目是D选项“What Is the Right Age to Allow a Child to Be on Social Media (允许孩子使用社交媒体的合适年龄是多少？)”。故选D。
10.（24-25高三上·贵州黔南·期末）“We need to deal with the enemy superman courage, and to adhere to a friend in front of their position, but also a great deal of courage.” Dumbledore said in Harry Potter.
The magical world of Harry Potter has fascinated and engaged all ages for over two decades. With seven books and eight movies, this series has brought in over $24 billion in income worldwide. Besides the amusing characters and creative plot lines, the Harry Potter series has taught strong life lessons that apply to Muggles (麻瓜).
Take a look at a few of the life lessons from the magical world.
People are complicated. Fairy tales teach children that the world is only split into good and bad people. The Harry Potter series, however, gives characters a lasting gift by giving them personalities in many aspects and changeable characteristics. Harry is loyal, brave, kind yet has moments of selfish impulsivity and hot-temperedness. Ron, for all his likeable everyman qualities has, as Hermione puts it, “the emotional range of a teaspoon.” Even Hermione’s fierce intelligence can occasionally seem bossy and overpowering. If learning that no one is perfect isn’t a good life lesson for young people, then what is
True friendship is invaluable. Harry, Ron, and Hermione are arguably the most famous friends in literary history. Throughout the novels, their friendship is tested but always survives, stronger than ever. Yet through it all we learn the most important lesson: don’t take your friends for granted because they will be there through anything life throws at you.
Other important life lessons we can learn from the Harry Potter series are: Bravery comes in many petence is worth more than reputation. Virtue isn’t determined by abilities, but by choices. Always treat those below you with kindness.
37．Why does the author present the quote in the first paragraph
A．To present the topic. B．To share an opinion.
C．To state a fact. D．To introduce the background.
38．What has made the Harry Potter series so successful
A．The seven books and eight movies. B．The creative plot lines and the life lessons.
C．The fact that it is a fairy tale. D．The income that it brought in.
39．How does the Harry Potter series describe people compared to fairy tales
A．It only shows good people. B．It only shows bad people.
C．It shows people are either good or bad. D．It shows multi-sided people.
40．What can we learn from the passage
A．Friends should be used whenever needed.
B．Appearance is the most important one.
C．Bravery exists in diverse forms.
D．Virtue is up to abilities.
【答案】37．A 38．B 39．D 40．C
【导语】本文是议论文。文章通过引用《哈利·波特》系列中的话语作为开篇，进而对《哈利·波特》这一风靡全球超过二十年的魔幻世界进行了评述，并提炼出了几个从魔法世界中可以学到的人生教训。
37．推理判断题。根据第一段““We need to deal with the enemy superman courage, and to adhere to a friend in front of their position, but also a great deal of courage.” Dumbledore said in Harry Potter. (“我们需要用超人的勇气去面对敌人，而在朋友面前坚持自己的立场，同样也需要巨大的勇气。”邓布利多在《哈利·波特》中说道)”以及第二段“The magical world of Harry Potter has fascinated and engaged all ages for over two decades. With seven books and eight movies, this series has brought in over $24 billion in income worldwide. Besides the amusing characters and creative plot lines, the Harry Potter series has taught strong life lessons that apply to Muggles. (《哈利·波特》的魔法世界已经吸引了各个年龄段的读者超过二十年。这个系列包括七本书和八部电影，在全球范围内带来了超过240亿美元的收入。除了有趣的角色和富有创意的情节线，《哈利·波特》系列还传授了许多对麻瓜也适用的人生哲理)”可知，作者在第一段引用邓布利多的话，是为了引出《哈利·波特》所包含的人生哲理，也就是为了提出主题。故选A项。
38．细节理解题。根据第二段“The magical world of Harry Potter has fascinated and engaged all ages for over two decades. With seven books and eight movies, this series has brought in over $24 billion in income worldwide. Besides the amusing characters and creative plot lines, the Harry Potter series has taught strong life lessons that apply to Muggles. (《哈利·波特》的魔法世界已经吸引了各个年龄段的读者超过二十年。这个系列包括七本书和八部电影，在全球范围内带来了超过240亿美元的收入。除了有趣的角色和富有创意的情节线，《哈利·波特》系列还传授了许多对麻瓜也适用的人生哲理)”可知，有创意的情节和人生的教训让《哈利波特》系列如此成功。故选B项。
39．细节理解题。根据第四段“People are complicated. Fairy tales teach children that the world is only split into good and bad people. The Harry Potter series, however, gives characters a lasting gift by giving them personalities in many aspects and changeable characteristics. (人是复杂的。童话告诉孩子们，世界上只有好人和坏人。然而，《哈利波特》系列赋予了人物多方面的个性和多变的性格，给了他们一份永恒的礼物)”可知，与童话相比，《哈利波特》系列展示了人的多面性。故选D项。
40．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Other important life lessons we can learn from the Harry Potter series are: Bravery comes in many petence is worth more than reputation. Virtue isn’t determined by abilities, but by choices. Always treat those below you with kindness. (我们可以从《哈利波特》系列中学到的其他重要的人生教训是：勇敢有很多种形式。能力比声誉更有价值。美德不是由能力决定的，而是由选择决定的。善待那些比你低的人)”可知，能从文章中学到勇敢以多种形式存在。故选C项。
11.（24-25高三上·广西河池·期末）In a world where our digital devices have become extensions of ourselves, it’s no surprise that we often immerse (沉浸) ourselves in screens rather than engage with the world and people around us.
But amidst this digital deluge (涌现的事物), something vital is being lost: the art of genuine human connection. These devices offer a convenient escape from boredom or discomfort, allowing us to avoid awkward social situations or difficult emotions.
Small talk often receives criticism for being empty or insignificant. Rarely does someone express a fondness for it, let alone find fulfillment in it. However, small talk matters a lot in social interactions. Think of it as the warm-up before a workout — it helps us ease into deeper conversations and establishes a foundation of trust and understanding. It lays the groundwork for assessing whether the exchange has the potential to cultivate a friendship or deeper connection. Even one-off exchanges with someone at the grocery store or at the bus stop offer opportunities for connection.
But our aversion (厌恶) to small talk is significant. We may convince ourselves that we’re not good at it or that it’s unnecessary, but that’s simply an excuse. Yes, of course, social anxiety is real, but the only way to overcome the fears is through practice, gaining confidence by slowly taking risks, and actively engaging in conversations.
So, how can we embrace small talk and harness its power Start by paying attention to your surroundings and engaging with those around you. Whether it’s commenting on the weather or striking up a conversation about a shared experience, small talk provides an opportunity to connect with others on a basic level.
Like any skill, small talk requires practice. Start small by initiating conversations with strangers or acquaintances and gradually work your way up to deeper connections. With each interaction, you’ll gain confidence and build the skills necessary for meaningful conversations. It may feel uncomfortable at first, but with practice, we can regain the richness of human interaction and cultivate relationships that truly nourish (滋养) the soul, build confidence, and reclaim the internal real estate that is overrun with anxious thoughts.
41．Why do people often prefer to engage with digital devices rather than the real world
A．They are afraid of genuine relationships. B．They find it more convenient to do so.
C．They want to avoid face-to-face communication. D．They have little time to engage with others.
42．What does the author think of small talk
A．It takes a lot of meaningful time. B．It is an unnecessary and hard skill.
C．It is difficult to master for most people. D．It plays a crucial role in social interactions.
43．What does the underlined word “harness” in Paragraph 5 probably mean
A．Employ. B．Challenge. C．Overlook. D．Discover.
44．Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A．How to Overcome Social Anxiety B．The Challenges of Modern Social Life
C．The Power of Small Talk in Social Life D．Digital Devices and Human Connection
【答案】41．B 42．D 43．A 44．C
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了闲聊在社交生活中的重要性和作用。
41．细节理解题。根据第二段“These devices offer a convenient escape from boredom or discomfort, allowing us to avoid awkward social situations or difficult emotions.(这些设备提供了一个方便的逃避无聊或不适的方式，让我们避免尴尬的社交场合或困难的情绪)”可知，们更喜欢与数字设备互动，而不是真实的世界，是因为他们觉得这样做更方便。故选B项。
42．细节理解题。根据第三段“However, small talk matters a lot in social interactions.(然而，闲聊在社交互动中非常重要)”可知，作者认为闲聊在社交互动中起着至关重要的作用。故选D项。
43．词句猜测题。根据第五段中“Start by paying attention to your surroundings and engaging with those around you. Whether it’s commenting on the weather or striking up a conversation about a shared experience, small talk provides an opportunity to connect with others on a basic level.(首先要注意你周围的环境，并与周围的人交往。无论是评论天气还是聊一聊共同的经历，闲聊都提供了一个与他人建立基本联系的机会)”可知，下文在说如何通过关注周围环境并与周围的人互动来利用闲聊的力量。所以划线词意为“利用”。与A选项“Employ（雇用；利用）”同义。故选A项。
44．主旨大意题。通读全文尤其是第三段“However, small talk matters a lot in social interactions. Think of it as the warm-up before a workout-it helps us ease into deeper conversations and establishes a foundation of trust and understanding. It lays the groundwork for assessing whether the exchange has the potential to cultivate a friendship or deeper connection(然而，闲聊在社交互动中非常重要。把它想象成锻炼前的热身——它帮助我们轻松地进入更深层次的对话，建立信任和理解的基础。它为评估交流是否有可能培养友谊或加深联系奠定了基础)”可知，短文讨论了闲聊在社交生活中的力量。所以短文的最佳标题为“闲聊在社交生活中的力量”。故选C项。
12.（23-24高三上·上海金山·阶段练习）It’s the big question being asked around the world. In these post-truth, fake news, alternative-fact times, who can we trust Recent global surveys highlight the existence of the source of reliable information: science. Not surprisingly, the current crisis of trust has led high-minded academics to insisting it’s time we all put our trust in the methods of science.
What’s striking about these calls to arms is their simple-mindedness. While science has an impressive track record of debunking misconceptions and plain lies, it doesn’t follow that we should therefore put our complete trust in scientists. For that assumes scientists can be trusted to know what they’re doing. And sadly, that’s just not the case. Too many researchers seem to think that hard data alone is the proof of reliable science. Yet hard data from badly designed studies is quite capable of giving support for claims that are just plain wrong.
For example, imagine there’s a new idea for reducing juvenile (青少年) crime: take the worst offenders to a tough jail to see what awaits them if they don’t mend their ways. To test the idea, we can simply check to see if the visits lead to a fall in re-arrest rates among those taking part.
Chances are the data will show the idea works — but that doesn’t mean it actually does. That’s because of an effect that’s called “regression to the mean (均值回归)”. Those young offenders were chosen to take part precisely because they were arrested an extreme number of times. But that’s partly the result of chance: they just ran out of luck too often. Once they’ve had their prison visit, their series of bad luck is likely to “regress” back to a more average rate. As a result, they’ll avoid being re-arrested — and thus appear to have mended their ways, when in reality they haven’t.
This isn’t some complicated possibility either. For decades a scheme called Scared Straight was used in the US following claims it dramatically cut re-offending rates. It’s now clear that the apparently rock-solid evidence was anything but. When the idea was tested using studies designed to cope with regression to the mean, the benefit disappeared. Indeed, a major review of the evidence published in 2013 showed it was actually worse than useless, and increased offending rates.
Over the years, regression to the mean has fooled researchers in fields from medicine and business to psychology and finance. Which wouldn’t be so bad, except the phenomenon has been known about since Victorian times.
And that’s one of the striking things about these traps. Warnings about them have been around for years, seemingly with little effect. That’s because many — perhaps even most — working scientists have a surprisingly poor understanding of how to avoid the many problems with turning data into reliable insights.
45．The word “debunking” is closest in meaning to “______”.
A．assuming B．covering C．disproving D．strengthening
46．What can be inferred about the evidence collected to support the Scared Straight scheme
A．It was hidden from the public for quite a long time.
B．It could have been interpreted in an alternative way.
C．It helped to decrease young people’s offending rates.
D．It turned out to be not as useless as people thought.
47．According to the writer, what is the problem with scientists
A．They are unwilling to listen to others’ opinions.
B．They rely more on data than on their own perception.
C．They fail to use data in a scientific way to some extent.
D．They take a critical attitude towards ancient people’s wisdom.
48．Which of the following might be the best title of the passage
A．What Should We Learn from Evolution of Science
B．Can We Trust Scientists in a Post-Truth World
C．Why Should We Turn to Science Nowadays
D．How Do Scientists Mystify Their Data Use
【答案】45．C 46．B 47．C 48．B
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章围绕后真相时代人们该信任谁这一问题展开，指出科学虽常被视为可靠信息源，但不能因此完全信任科学家，并以减少青少年犯罪方案为例，揭示科学家运用数据时存在问题。
45．词句猜测题。结合常识和划线词所在句“While science has an impressive track record of debunking misconceptions and plain lies, it doesn’t follow that we should therefore put our complete trust in scientists. (虽然科学在debunking误解和明显的谎言方面有着令人印象深刻的记录，但这并不意味着我们因此就应该完全信任科学家)”中“has an impressive track record”可推知，科学在澄清“misconceptions(误解)”和揭穿“plain lies(明显的谎言)”方面保持着令人印象深刻的记录。由此推知，划线词debunking是指“揭示……的真相；证明……是错误的”，与“disproving”意思相近。故选C项。
46．推理判断题。根据第五段中“For decades a scheme called Scared Straight was used in the US following claims it dramatically cut re offending rates. It’s now clear that the apparently rock solid evidence was anything but. When the idea was tested using studies designed to cope with regression to the mean, the benefit disappeared. (几十年来，美国一直在使用一种名为‘恐吓从善’的方案，声称该方案能大幅降低再犯罪率。现在很明显，那些看似确凿的证据根本站不住脚。当用旨在应对均值专题19 阅读理解议论文
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1.（24-25高三下·河北沧州·阶段练习）A lot of my friends are deeply worried about artificial intelligence, while acknowledging the possible benefits. Many fears about AI are based on an underestimation of the human mind. Some people seem to believe that the mind is like a computer. It’s all just information processing, algorithms (算法) all the way down, so of course machines are going to eventually overtake us.
This is a poor view of who we humans are. The Canadian scholar Michael Ignatieff expressed a much more accurate view of the human mind: “What we do is not processing. It is not computation. It is not data analysis. It is a human activity that is a complex combination of conscious (有意识的) and unconscious, logical and emotional reflection.”
The human mind isn’t just predicting the next word in a sentence; it developed to love and bond with others; to seek the kind of wisdom that is held in the body; to seek and create meaning. AI can copy human thought because it can take all the ideas that human beings have produced and produce them into strings of words or collections of images that make sense to us. But that doesn’t mean the AI “mind” is like the human mind. The AI “mind” lacks understanding, self-awareness, emotions, moral feelings and a unique worldview based on a lifetime of distinct and never to be repeated experiences.
AI is a different kind of intelligence, more powerful than us in some ways, but narrower. It’s helping people handle boring tasks. It’s probably going to be a fantastic tutor, which will transform education and help humans all around the world learn more. But AI’s ultimate accomplishment will be to remind us who we are by revealing what it can’t do. It will force us to double down on all the activities that make us distinctly human: taking care of each other, being a good teammate, reading deeply, exploring daringly, growing spiritually, finding kindred spirits (志趣相投者) and having a good time.
1．What does the author intend to emphasize by quoting Michael Ignatieff
A．The potential threats of artificial intelligence.
B．The gradual replaceability of human thought.
C．The information processing of the human mind.
D．The unique nature of human mental activity.
2．How does the author develop the third paragraph
A．By giving an exact definition. B．By making detailed contrasts.
C．By listing specific data. D．By analyzing cause and effect.
3．What does the author think AI will finally do
A．Remind us of the human limitations. B．Replace human beings in aspects of life.
C．Encourage us to focus on learning activities. D．Enhance our understanding of human nature.
4．What is the best title for the text
A．Can AI Think for Itself B．Do We Need to Resist AI
C．Will AI Threaten Humanity D．Is AI Age Welcome
2.（24-25高三下·江苏常州·开学考试）A recent survey found children would rather be online influencers (网红) than astronauts. It made headlines and led to plenty of complaints about “kids these days”. Is influencing a promising career path The lifestyles we see advertised on social media are enticing, but under the shining appearance lie uncertain income, pay inequality, disability and mental health issues.
Successful influencers will be the first to claim that anyone can make it in the industry. However, social media economy experts uncovered a huge income gap between successful influencers and everyone else. For most people trying to become an influencer, their passion projects of content creation often become free work for brands.
Most influencers are self-employed, often experiencing inconsistent income and a lack of protection that comes with long-term employment. The risks of self-employment are increased in the influencer industry by an absence of industry standards and little pay transparency. Influencers are often forced to assess their own value and determine fees for their work. As a result, content creators often undervalue their own creative labour, and many end up working for free.
Influencers are also often at the mercy of algorithms — the behind-the-scenes computer programs that determine which posts are shown, in which order, to users. Platforms share little detail about their algorithms, yet they finally determine who and what gains visibility and influence on social media. The threat of invisibility is a constant source of insecurity for influencers, who are under constant pressure to feed platforms with content. If they don’t, they may be “punished” by the algorithm — having posts hidden or displayed lower down on search results.
Constant online presence leads to one of the most common issues in the influencer industry: mental health concerns. Influencers can connect to their platform workspaces and audience at any time of day or night, which can lead to them overworking. Coupled with the fear of online criticism, it contributes to mental and physical health issues.
Although becoming an influencer may look appealing to more and more people, the industry’s dark underside needs to be made visible and improved through enhanced employment regulation and industry-led cultural change.
5．Which of the following words cans replace “enticing” in Paragraph 1
A．Imaginative. B．Similar. C．Attractive. D．Traditional
6．What’s one of the reasons for influencers’ undervaluing their creative work
A．Standardized protection. B．Invisibility of payment.
C．Assessment of own work. D．Passion for content creation.
7．What may cause the influencers’ stress according to Paragraph 4
A．Having to work out the order of posts to be displayed.
B．Finding it difficult to create new content constantly.
C．Having little knowledge of platform algorithms.
D．Being unequally punished by platforms.
8．Why does the author write this text
A．To show the dark side of working as an online content creator.
B．To reveal relationships between platforms and influencers.
C．To stress the importance of visibility in the online world.
D．To describe the life of self-employed content creators.
3.（24-25高三下·江苏泰州·开学考试）SpaceX Starship test launch in October 2024 marked another milestone for the world’s largest and most powerful rocket. But additional data collected indicates Starship may be even more damaging to local communities and wildlife than critics previously feared.
According to datasets published, the 30-story-tall Starship’s 33 engines generate anywhere between 105 and 125 decibels (分贝) during its liftoff and landing, which is powerful enough to cause structural damage to buildings. Gee, a professor in Brigham Young University, detected those sound levels roughly six miles away. “This is the largest rocket ever built. It would stand to reason that it would also produce the highest level of noise among all rockets ever constructed.” Gee said.
Gee stresses that although researchers often measure noise using decibel levels, there are other measurements for sound. So he believes it’s best to assess Starship’s loudness by comparing it to other understandable quantities. On the quieter end, Starship’s liftoff may sound similar to an average rock concert. At its loudest that noise is equal to hearing a close range gunshot.
According to environmental engineer Roesch, the “raw power output” from Starship’s Super Heavy rockets has increased 30 percent since the FAA’s initial risk review in 2019, an amount expected to grow over future launches. Roesch calls past assumptions by the FAA “not only factually laughable based on an understanding of basic physics” but contradictory to NASA’s decades of Acoustic Modeling document. “No bird egg will survive that kind of impact. More deaths for animals are not accounted for in the FAA’s risk assessment.”
Gee declines to offer a personal opinion regarding SpaceX’s ongoing Starship launch schedule, and believes humanity’s future may require space travel. In the meantime, he hopes the new data will inform policy and regulatory decisions. “We are talking about levels that people found unacceptable before,” he says.
9．How did Gee conclude SpaceX’s rocket would be the loudest ever built
A．He measured the decibel levels directly. B．He calculated the rocket’s engine power.
C．He inferred from the rocket’s dimensions. D．He checked all the datasets published.
10．Why does Gee mention gunshot
A．To indicate possible damage. B．To make readers amused.
C．To measure sounds accurately. D．To describe noise levels vividly.
11．What did Roesch think of FAA’s assumptions
A．Factual but contradictory. B．Illogical and inaccurate.
C．Optimistic but simple. D．Irrelevant and outdated.
12．What is the text mainly about
A．Animal injuries during SpaceX’s launches.
B．Fair prospects for SpaceX’ s Starship project.
C．Technical drawbacks of SpaceX’s rocket engines.
D．Environmental impact of SpaceX’s Starship launch.
4.（2025·吉林延边·一模）Most have probably heard of Henry David Thoreau and his book Walden, even though his message of simplicity may sound outdated. Nowadays, smartphones flood us with text messages. Many consumers are buying the latest digital devices, from tablets and fitness trackers to commercial drones. Simple living seems to be a thing of the past.
Thoreau would beg to differ. As a writer who advocated the value of simplicity almost two centuries ago, he was a contrarian (叛逆者) for his time. He lived during the height of the Industrial Age, distinguished by the rise of large factories, expanding urban developments, and powerful machines.
Turned off by the constant busyness of this time, Thoreau withdrew from city life to live alone in the woods. He brought with him only the necessities of life and wrote about this adventure in his book Walden. In the book, Thoreau is basically making a philosophical statement. We are not living meaningful lives due to modern technology. We created powerful machines to make life more convenient. Unfortunately, these machines have done the opposite. In his words, “men have become the tools of their tools”.
That is to say, we are not the ones controlling technology. Technology is controlling us. Every few minutes, smartphones may distract us with messages. At least half of Americans check their phones several times an hour. Meanwhile, information overload from social media can weaken our concentration and heighten confusion.
When technology causes that much distraction and confusion, it may be healthy to simplify life by reducing technology overuse. Personally, I’ve done so in two ways. First, I use very little data on my phone and keep the apps on it to a minimum. Most time, I only use my phone to call or text. Second, I quit most social media. Sure, those two things aren’t as extreme as Thoreau withdrawing into the woods. Nevertheless, they’re realistic moves I can make toward living a more meaningful life.
13．Why does the author refer to Thoreau’s book Walden in Paragraph1
A．To tell the characters of Thoreau. B．To attract more consumers.
C．To bring in the concept of simple life. D．To discuss the advantage of smartphones.
14．What might drive Thoreau to live in the woods
A．The purpose to keep fit. B．His plan of writing a book.
C．The pace of his time. D．His worry about technology.
15．What is the author’s attitude to Thoreau’s words “men have become the tools of their tools”
A．Tolerant. B．Doubtful. C．Approving. D．Critical.
16．What is the author’s main argument in this text
A．Modern technology improves our lives. B．Simplicity in a way helps live a meaningful life.
C．We should withdraw from modern society. D．Powerful machines are necessary for progress.
5.（24-25高三上·山东青岛·期末）For too long, we’ve been living on the edge of burnout, with to-do lists growing longer, calendars full, and deadlines that seem never-ending. It’s not a secret that busyness has been worn like a mark of honor, while moments of down time are seen as unproductive. But if there’s no time to breathe or room to think, how are we able to come up with new ideas, let alone carry them out
I didn’t realize how deep-rooted this lifestyle had become for me until I stepped into self-employment in 2023. Balancing busy periods with quieter ones unexpectedly brought anxiety and self-judgment instead of the anticipated relief to pause and reflect. However, the tide is turning in the world of work: there’s a growing pushback against non-stop demands, and increased awareness about the benefits — including improved concentration, creativity and job satisfaction-of doing one thing at a time.
According to Marc Zao-Sanders, author of Timeboxing, multitasking is the attempt to attend to two things at once, for example firing off a few emails while sitting in a meeting. The pity here is that you may end up doing a poor job of both, and enjoy neither. But it’s actually a little more complex than this. If one of the tasks is familiar to you and doesn’t demand too much of you cognitively (认知地), it may well be that you can take on a second task at the same time. The main issue is thinking you can do both at once for those tasks where you can’t. This is both unproductive and can easily feel frustrated.
The phrase “multitasking” has been adopted by all sorts of typically high-achieving people and a mark of status. But our brains cannot complete tasks at the same time. They are completed in a sequence. Multitasking is tiring us out more quickly and making us less efficient. So, let’s bid farewell to the era of handling a hundred things at once.
17．What’s people’s common view to busyness
A．It is a way to generate new ideas.
B．It shows that people are less productive.
C．It reflects people’s poor time-management.
D．It is a symbol of efficiency and excellence.
18．How does the author feel after she became self-employed
A．Relaxed. B．Panicked. C．Uneasy. D．Stress-free.
19．What can we learn about multitasking from paragraph 3
A．It can reduce our productivity. B．It can weaken our cognitive ability.
C．It makes us creative and concentrated. D．It is essential in today’s fast-pace world.
20．What does the author suggest in the passage
A．Following high-achieving people. B．Working one task at a time.
C．Raising the efficiency of multitasking. D．Challenging our brain capacity.
6.（24-25高三下·广西·开学考试）Some films shine brighter than others. RaMell Ross’ “Nickel Boys,” a stirring cinematic adaptation of Colson Whitehead’s Pulitzer Prize-winning novel, is polished to a remarkable brilliance. Its confidence comes on like a stiff breeze on a sticky Southern summer day, as it tells a boldly designed story of two Black kids named Elwood and Turner, living during the height of segregation (种族隔离) in Florida. Elwood is a smart, idealistic kid who is wrongly sent to the abusive walls of Nickel Academy, a reform school for boys, while Turner is the bright friend he makes in the dark passages of those days.
Your immersion into the film’s world begins early on. From its opening scene with closeups of fruit hanging high up in a tree, cigarette smoke floating through the air and hands shuffling cards, “Nickel Boys” makes you feel like you’re taking a glance into someone’s life. You’re getting a kid’s perspective of Christmas trees and decorations from below; sheets being put onto beds and laughter ringing in the air. The simple, joyful human moments at the beginning of the film are in sharp contrast to the inhumane treatment shown later on.
Ross achieves something brilliant when he shows this first-person point of view from Elwood’s perspective. It’s as if you see through his eyes, moving along with him, but you also hear his voice in conversations. This soon shifts when Turner makes his first appearance, and his perspective is also shown throughout the rest of the film. This choice is effective in making the viewer feel every conversation, every loss, every little moment. It also shows both the boys’ very different attitudes toward whether the truth would win out.
Shot with frequent shifts in perspective, “Nickel Boys” challenges the audience to see and feel the world through Black eyes, demanding effort and empathy. This isn’t a film that holds your hand, but rather one that expects you to meet it on its own terms. Yet, as a clear masterpiece held together by visual splendor and distinctive performances, it proves that this brave, honest storytelling strategy is well worth the reward.
21．What can we learn about the film “Nickle Boys” from the first paragraph
A．It has been awarded the Pulitzer Prize.
B．Its setting reflects the reality of racism.
C．The story happened during a hot summer.
D．Both main characters were wrongly punished.
22．Why does RaMell Ross adopt shifting perspectives
A．To highlight both boys’ very different viewpoints.
B．To avoid focusing too much on one character’s story.
C．To confuse the audience and challenge their understanding.
D．To showcase the reform school’s effect on different students.
23．Which of the following best describes the film
A．Cheerful and realistic. B．Daring and immersive.
C．Heavy but inspiring. D．Heartwarming but challenging.
24．Where is the text most probably taken from
A．A film review. B．A book introduction.
C．A historical analysis. D．An online advertisement.
7.（24-25高三下·湖北·开学考试）The next time you’re feeling depressed or angry at the world, ask yourself if you’ve really been dealt a poor hand — or if, just maybe, you were expecting too much. That’s one message that can be drawn from a recent study on entitlement, a personality trait characterized by exaggerated feelings of deservingness and superiority. Entitlement may lead to constant disappointment, say researchers from Case Western Reserve University.
The authors reached these conclusions after analyzing more than 170 academic papers. They found that people who possess high levels. of entitlement consistently fall victim to a three-part cycle: First, they don’t always get everything they think they deserve, leaving them constantly vulnerable to unmet expectations. Those unmet expectations are then perceived as injustices, leading to emotions like anger and sadness. Finally, to justify those emotions, entitled people reassure themselves of their own specialness. This helps them feel better temporarily, but ultimately starts the process all over again.
At extreme levels, entitled people repeatedly expose themselves to the risk of feeling frustrated and disappointed with life. They also tend to suffer from poor relationships, interpersonal conflicts, and depression, says co-author Julie Exline, PhD, a professor of psychological sciences at Case Western Reserve. “So much of entitlement is about competition — being better or more deserving than other people, ”she told . “It really sets in opposition to society, and it can be very isolating. ”
“It’s not easy for true narcissists (自恋者) to see themselves for what they are, or to change their way of thinking.” Exline says. But she does believe that, for many well-intentioned people, feelings of entitlement can be controlled. “Conditioning yourself to think about other people and what they deserve — and also being willing to admit your own faults and weaknesses — can help you feel more connected to others, ” she says.
We should be also aware that not all feelings of entitlement are wrong or bad: We shouldn’t just lower our standards or stop expecting things we truly do deserve, just so we can be happier. But if you do notice that you’ve developed an overblown sense of self — and it’s causing you to be annoyed or not get along with others — you can definitely try to do something about it.
25．What causes entitled people to be trapped in a three-part cycle
A．Consistent negative emotions. B．A strong sense of self-awareness.
C．Constant self-pity and helplessness. D．Unrealistic expectations and frustration.
26．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about
A．The reason for entitlement. B．The benefits of competition.
C．The negative effects of entitlement. D．The importance of connecting with others.
27．What might be Exline’s suggestion for entitled people
A．Change your mindset to one of competitiveness.
B．Focus on your own achievements and superiority.
C．Prioritize personal goals over considering others’ needs.
D．Place yourself into others’ position and reflect on yourself.
28．Which word best describes the author’s attitude to entitlement
A．Balanced. B．Critical. C．Supportive. D．Tolerant.
8.（24-25高三下·河南开封·开学考试）Cellphone technology has certainly evolved as predicted over the last few decades, but what about the debate over their use in schools
Back in 2006, one fault line was already emerging between educators concerned about cellphone misuse in class and parents concerned about not being able to communicate with their children. The popularity of phone bans has yo-yoed since then, from a high of 91 percent of public schools prohibiting nonacademic use of cellphones in the 2009-2010 school year; the number dipped as low as 66percent in 2015-2016 but has since rebounded to 76 percent in 2021-2022.
Of course, the debate over cellphones in school has never been as clear-cut as educators vs. parents.
Middle school administrator Matt Levinson saw a fork in the road ahead of teachers in a 2009 essay: “They can continue fighting a losing battle and draw cruel lines in the sand, confiscating (没收) cellphones or banning their use during school hours. Or, they can seize the teachable moment, and shift their approaches to embrace technology and engage students with these devices.”
But for teachers in schools without a clear cellphone policy, finding those academic applications for smartphones amid the TikTok distractions (干扰) is no easy task.
Psychology professor Jean M. Twenge, who dug through data from 11,000 teens to conclude that “not all screen time is created equal,” laid down some dos and don’ts for cellphone access in the blog.
But not everyone is optimistic about finding a middle ground between an endless distraction and a productive learning tool. In a widely read 2016 essay, teacher Steve Gardiner had another word for his students’ relationships to their phones: addiction, “We have incentives to promote attendance and graduation, but many teenagers need help, because their bodies are in the classroom, but their minds are inside their cellphones,” he said.
For some teachers, that cellphone dependency has gotten bad enough to sour them on the profession entirely. That’s the story of high school biology teacher Mitchell Rutherford, who decided to quit teaching because of the exhaustion (筋疲力尽) he felt from competing with cellphones for students’ attention.
29．What can be learned about the popularity of phone bans
A．It does benefit teachers a lot. B．It has decreased the misuse in class.
C．It allows for nonacademic use. D．It experiences ups and downs.
30．What does the underlined phrase “a fork in the road” in paragraph 4 mean
A．A U-turning road. B．A teaching guidebook.
C．Different choices. D．Various teaching styles.
31．What’s Steve Gardiner’s attitude toward students’ using cellphones
A．Negative. B．Mixed. C．Tolerant. D．Uncaring.
32．What does the author imply in the last paragraph
A．Some teachers in school are not capable of teaching.
B．The use of cellphones in school should be banned.
C．It is beneficial to compete with cellphones for students’ focus.
D．Getting along with students makes some teachers feel exhausted.
9.（2025·山东·模拟预测）When most parents of young children today were growing up, social media was not as hugely common as it is today if it existed at all. A lot of us even remember the days of being pen pals, sending paper letters with actual stamps. The fact remains that in the information age, these platforms are a huge part of daily life for everyone. However, the question is, how young is too young for social media
While most social media platforms require that members are of a certain age, that doesn’t always mean that the child is really ready for what the world of social media has to offer. For example, Snapchat requires that users be at least 13 years old, but are 13-year-olds ready for Snapchat
A lot of research has been done to try to understand when the right time is for social media. It can be compared to the debate of when to allow a child to have their first cell phone. The two are actually closely connected with each other.
A recent study published in Computers in Human Behavior shows that for the 750 middle schoolers in the Northeastern US, a majority of them who joined social media under the age of 10 had many problems. It showed that students spent extended amounts of time visiting websites that were not approved for them to visit.
Similar to Snapchat, other social media giants require users to be at least 13 years old to join, but it is pretty obvious to fake this information. The study’s lead author Linda Charmaraman shared, “Social media sites all require a minimum age of 13 to register, but the reality is that many users are younger than that: One-third of our sample had already started using social media at age 11 or 12 and another one-third had begun at age 10 or younger.”
Dr. Charmaraman continued, “This study helps us understand the risks and benefits for kids, so that parents and policymakers can make decisions that prioritize their well-being. These findings suggest that the industry-based minimum age of 13 for social media users may potentially be a good standard, if it can be enforced.”
33．What do we know about most parents today when they were young
A．They communicated by writing letters.
B．They were too young to use social media.
C．They were addicted to surfing the Internet.
D．They used to send emails to their pen friends.
34．What does Linda Charmaraman’s study show
A．Social media giants are reliable enough for the young.
B．Kids use social media without their parents’ monitoring.
C．Social media may not practice 13 as minimum registering age.
D．Many social media users often visit websites not approved for them.
35．What does the underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refer to
A．A good standard. B．The minimum age of 13．
C．Dr. Charmaraman’s study. D．Kids’ well-being.
36．Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A．Why Shouldn’t Young Children Use Social Media
B．Should Young Children Be Allowed on Social Media
C．How Should Young Children Be Guided on Social Media
D．What Is the Right Age to Allow a Child to Be on Social Media
10.（24-25高三上·贵州黔南·期末）“We need to deal with the enemy superman courage, and to adhere to a friend in front of their position, but also a great deal of courage.” Dumbledore said in Harry Potter.
The magical world of Harry Potter has fascinated and engaged all ages for over two decades. With seven books and eight movies, this series has brought in over $24 billion in income worldwide. Besides the amusing characters and creative plot lines, the Harry Potter series has taught strong life lessons that apply to Muggles (麻瓜).
Take a look at a few of the life lessons from the magical world.
People are complicated. Fairy tales teach children that the world is only split into good and bad people. The Harry Potter series, however, gives characters a lasting gift by giving them personalities in many aspects and changeable characteristics. Harry is loyal, brave, kind yet has moments of selfish impulsivity and hot-temperedness. Ron, for all his likeable everyman qualities has, as Hermione puts it, “the emotional range of a teaspoon.” Even Hermione’s fierce intelligence can occasionally seem bossy and overpowering. If learning that no one is perfect isn’t a good life lesson for young people, then what is
True friendship is invaluable. Harry, Ron, and Hermione are arguably the most famous friends in literary history. Throughout the novels, their friendship is tested but always survives, stronger than ever. Yet through it all we learn the most important lesson: don’t take your friends for granted because they will be there through anything life throws at you.
Other important life lessons we can learn from the Harry Potter series are: Bravery comes in many petence is worth more than reputation. Virtue isn’t determined by abilities, but by choices. Always treat those below you with kindness.
37．Why does the author present the quote in the first paragraph
A．To present the topic. B．To share an opinion.
C．To state a fact. D．To introduce the background.
38．What has made the Harry Potter series so successful
A．The seven books and eight movies. B．The creative plot lines and the life lessons.
C．The fact that it is a fairy tale. D．The income that it brought in.
39．How does the Harry Potter series describe people compared to fairy tales
A．It only shows good people. B．It only shows bad people.
C．It shows people are either good or bad. D．It shows multi-sided people.
40．What can we learn from the passage
A．Friends should be used whenever needed.
B．Appearance is the most important one.
C．Bravery exists in diverse forms.
D．Virtue is up to abilities.
11.（24-25高三上·广西河池·期末）In a world where our digital devices have become extensions of ourselves, it’s no surprise that we often immerse (沉浸) ourselves in screens rather than engage with the world and people around us.
But amidst this digital deluge (涌现的事物), something vital is being lost: the art of genuine human connection. These devices offer a convenient escape from boredom or discomfort, allowing us to avoid awkward social situations or difficult emotions.
Small talk often receives criticism for being empty or insignificant. Rarely does someone express a fondness for it, let alone find fulfillment in it. However, small talk matters a lot in social interactions. Think of it as the warm-up before a workout — it helps us ease into deeper conversations and establishes a foundation of trust and understanding. It lays the groundwork for assessing whether the exchange has the potential to cultivate a friendship or deeper connection. Even one-off exchanges with someone at the grocery store or at the bus stop offer opportunities for connection.
But our aversion (厌恶) to small talk is significant. We may convince ourselves that we’re not good at it or that it’s unnecessary, but that’s simply an excuse. Yes, of course, social anxiety is real, but the only way to overcome the fears is through practice, gaining confidence by slowly taking risks, and actively engaging in conversations.
So, how can we embrace small talk and harness its power Start by paying attention to your surroundings and engaging with those around you. Whether it’s commenting on the weather or striking up a conversation about a shared experience, small talk provides an opportunity to connect with others on a basic level.
Like any skill, small talk requires practice. Start small by initiating conversations with strangers or acquaintances and gradually work your way up to deeper connections. With each interaction, you’ll gain confidence and build the skills necessary for meaningful conversations. It may feel uncomfortable at first, but with practice, we can regain the richness of human interaction and cultivate relationships that truly nourish (滋养) the soul, build confidence, and reclaim the internal real estate that is overrun with anxious thoughts.
41．Why do people often prefer to engage with digital devices rather than the real world
A．They are afraid of genuine relationships. B．They find it more convenient to do so.
C．They want to avoid face-to-face communication. D．They have little time to engage with others.
42．What does the author think of small talk
A．It takes a lot of meaningful time. B．It is an unnecessary and hard skill.
C．It is difficult to master for most people. D．It plays a crucial role in social interactions.
43．What does the underlined word “harness” in Paragraph 5 probably mean
A．Employ. B．Challenge. C．Overlook. D．Discover.
44．Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A．How to Overcome Social Anxiety B．The Challenges of Modern Social Life
C．The Power of Small Talk in Social Life D．Digital Devices and Human Connection
12.（23-24高三上·上海金山·阶段练习）It’s the big question being asked around the world. In these post-truth, fake news, alternative-fact times, who can we trust Recent global surveys highlight the existence of the source of reliable information: science. Not surprisingly, the current crisis of trust has led high-minded academics to insisting it’s time we all put our trust in the methods of science.
What’s striking about these calls to arms is their simple-mindedness. While science has an impressive track record of debunking misconceptions and plain lies, it doesn’t follow that we should therefore put our complete trust in scientists. For that assumes scientists can be trusted to know what they’re doing. And sadly, that’s just not the case. Too many researchers seem to think that hard data alone is the proof of reliable science. Yet hard data from badly designed studies is quite capable of giving support for claims that are just plain wrong.
For example, imagine there’s a new idea for reducing juvenile (青少年) crime: take the worst offenders to a tough jail to see what awaits them if they don’t mend their ways. To test the idea, we can simply check to see if the visits lead to a fall in re-arrest rates among those taking part.
Chances are the data will show the idea works — but that doesn’t mean it actually does. That’s because of an effect that’s called “regression to the mean (均值回归)”. Those young offenders were chosen to take part precisely because they were arrested an extreme number of times. But that’s partly the result of chance: they just ran out of luck too often. Once they’ve had their prison visit, their series of bad luck is likely to “regress” back to a more average rate. As a result, they’ll avoid being re-arrested — and thus appear to have mended their ways, when in reality they haven’t.
This isn’t some complicated possibility either. For decades a scheme called Scared Straight was used in the US following claims it dramatically cut re-offending rates. It’s now clear that the apparently rock-solid evidence was anything but. When the idea was tested using studies designed to cope with regression to the mean, the benefit disappeared. Indeed, a major review of the evidence published in 2013 showed it was actually worse than useless, and increased offending rates.
Over the years, regression to the mean has fooled researchers in fields from medicine and business to psychology and finance. Which wouldn’t be so bad, except the phenomenon has been known about since Victorian times.
And that’s one of the striking things about these traps. Warnings about them have been around for years, seemingly with little effect. That’s because many — perhaps even most — working scientists have a surprisingly poor understanding of how to avoid the many problems with turning data into reliable insights.
45．The word “debunking” is closest in meaning to “______”.
A．assuming B．covering C．disproving D．strengthening
46．What can be inferred about the evidence collected to support the Scared Straight scheme
A．It was hidden from the public for quite a long time.
B．It could have been interpreted in an alternative way.
C．It helped to decrease young people’s offending rates.
D．It turned out to be not as useless as people thought.
47．According to the writer, what is the problem with scientists
A．They are unwilling to listen to others’ opinions.
B．They rely more on data than on their own perception.
C．They fail to use data in a scientific way to some extent.
D．They take a critical attitude towards ancient people’s wisdom.
48．Which of the following might be the best title of the passage
A．What Should We Learn from Evolution of Science
B．Can We Trust Scientists in a Post-Truth World
C．Why Should We Turn to Science Nowadays
D．How Do Scientists Mystify Their Data Use
