人教版（2019）选择性必修 第二册Unit 1 Science and Scientists Discover useful structure 课件（25张PPT）

(共25张PPT)
Unit 1 SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS
Lesson 3: Discover Useful Structures & Using Structures
Learning Objectives （学习目标）
By the end of the lesson, you will be able to：
1. understand the basic form of predicative clauses (表语从句).
2. master the usages of different subordinating conjunctions (从属连词) that
lead predicative clauses.
3. understand the meanings and functions of predicative clauses.
4. use predicative clauses correctly and properly in context (语境中).
Q1. In Para.2, what were the two contradictory theories doctors had in those days
Q2. In Para.3, why did the women and her daughter die of cholera after moving away from Broad Street
Q3. What was “the truth” mentioned in Para.4
Revision
Q1. In Para.2, what were the contradictory theories doctors had in those days
Q2. In Para.3, why did the women and her daughter die of cholera after moving away from Broad Street
Q3. What was “the truth” mentioned in Para.4
One theory was that bad air caused the disease. Another was that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food and water.
It seemed that the women liked the water from the pump
so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.
The truth was that water from the Broad Street pump had
been infected by waste.
Revision
1. One theory was that bad air caused the disease.
2. Another was that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food
and water.
3. It seemed that the women liked the water from the pump so much that she
had it delivered to her house every day.
4. The truth was that water from the Broad Street pump had been infected
by waste.
Subject
Subject
Subject
Subject
Linking verb
Linking verb
Linking verb
Linking verb
Dependent clause(从句)
Dependent clause(从句)
Dependent clause(从句)
Dependent clause(从句)
The basic form of Predicative Clause:
Subject+Linking verbs+[subordinating conjunction+other elements]
PC
that, whether, how,where, what, as if...
be,seem,appear,look,sound...
Explore: Observe and find
1. Understanding science and pushing the boundaries of science is what makes me immensely satisfied. —Bill Gates
2. The next major explosion is going to be when genetics and computers come together. —Alvin Toffler
3. The doctor has been taught to be interested not in health but in disease. What the public is taught is that health is the cure for disease. —Ashley Montagu
4. Research is what I’m doing when I don’t know what I’m doing.
—Wernher von Braun
Practice: Find out predicative clauses in each sentence.
1. Understanding science and pushing the boundaries of science is what makes me immensely satisfied. —Bill Gates
2. The next major explosion is going to be when genetics and computers come together. —Alvin Toffler
3. The doctor has been taught to be interested not in health but in disease. What the public is taught is that health is the cure for disease. —Ashley Montagu
4. Research is what I’m doing when I don’t know what I’m doing.
—Wernher von Braun
Practice: Find out predicative clauses in each sentence.
What subordinating conjunctions (从属连词) can lead a predicative clause
1. Understanding science and pushing the boundaries of science is what makes me immensely satisfied. —Bill Gates
2. The next major explosion is going to be when genetics and computers come together. —Alvin Toffler
3. The doctor has been taught to be interested not in health but in disease. What the public is taught is that health is the cure for disease. —Ashley Montagu
4. Research is what I’m doing when I don’t know what I’m doing.
—Wernher von Braun
Practice: Find out predicative clauses in each sentence.
How are these conjunctions used in a predicative clause
Tip 1: Usages of different subordinating conjunctions
that can lead a predicative clause
引导词 用法
连词 that 在从句中不充当成分，无意义
whether 在从句中不充当成分，意为“是否”
连接代词 what(ever),which(ever),who(ever),whom(ever), whose 在从句中充当主语，宾语，定语
连接副词 how,when,where,why 在从句中充当状语
其它连词 because,as if ,as though 在从句中不充当成分，意为“因为，好像，似乎”
1. One theory was ______ bad air caused the disease.
2. What people really doubt is __________ the doctor will defeat the serious illness.
3. It seemed _______ the world were coming to an end.
4. This applied science, which saves work and makes life easier, brings us little happiness. That is ________ we have not yet learn to make sensible use of it.
that
（在从句中不充当成分）
whether
（在从句中不充当成分, 意为“是否”, 表语从句中不能使用“if”）
as if
（在从句中不充当成分, 意为“好像”）
表语从句中SVO成分完整
表语从句中SVO成分完整
表语从句中SVO成分完整
because
（在从句中不充当成分, 意为“因为”）
表语从句中SP成分完整
连词：在从句中不充当成分
Tip 1: Usages of different subordinating conjunctions
that can lead a predicative clause
引导词 用法
连词 that 在从句中不充当成分，无意义
whether 在从句中不充当成分，意为“是否”
连接代词 what(ever),which(ever),who(ever),whom(ever), whose 在从句中充当主语，宾语，定语
连接副词 how,when,where,why 在从句中充当状语
其它连词 because,as if,as though 在从句中不充当成分，意为“因为，好像，似乎”
5. Understanding science and pushing the boundaries of science is ______ makes me immensely satisfied.
6. That is _______ many experts are worrying about.
7. There are dozens of books about Zoology in library. However, what really makes him confused is _______ is the most suitable one for his research paper.
what
（在从句中充当主语，
意为“...的事情”）
which
（在从句中充当主语, 意为“哪一（本）...”）
表语从句中缺少主语
what
（在从句中充当宾语，意为“...的事情”）
表语从句中缺少宾语
表语从句中缺少主语
连接代词：在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语
8. The problem is __________ could find out a cure for the disease.
9. What I have not decided is ________ I am going to visit.
10. Both my parents have given me some advice on how to save money. But the question is ______ advice I should take.
whose
（在从句中充当定语，意为“谁的...”）
连接代词：在从句中充当成分主语、宾语、定语
表语从句中缺少定语
表语从句中缺少主语
whom
（在从句中充当宾语, 意为“谁”）
表语从句中缺少宾语
who
（在从句中充当主语, 意为“谁”）
Tip 1: Usages of different subordinating conjunctions
that can lead a predicative clause
引导词 用法
连词 that 在从句中不充当成分，无意义
whether 在从句中不充当成分，意为“是否”
连接代词 what(ever),which(ever),who(ever),whom(ever), whose 在从句中充当主语，宾语，定语
连接副词 how,when,where,why 在从句中充当状语
其它连词 because,as if,as though 在从句中不充当成分，意为“因为，好像，似乎”
11. What John Snow showed to the world was ______ cholera could be overcome.
12. The exact places Snow marked on the map were _______ all those who died had lived.
13. What Snow was determined to find out was ________ more than 500 people died in ten days.
14. The next major explosion is going to be ________ genetics and computers come together.
how
where
when
表语从句中SVA成分完整, 缺少原因状语：“为什么...”
连接副词：在从句中充当方式、地点、原因、时间状语
表语从句中SV成分完整，缺少方式状语：“如何”
表语从句中SV成分完整, 缺少时间状语：“...的时候”
why
表语从句中SV成分完整，缺少地点状语：“...的地方”
1. One theory was that bad air caused the disease.
2. Another was that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food and water.
3. It seemed that the women liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.
4. The truth was that water from the Broad Street pump had been infected by waste.
What meanings and functions do these predicative clauses communicate in each sentence
Explore：Observe and think
1. One theory was that bad air caused the disease.
2. Another was that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food and water.
3. It seemed that the women liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.
4. The truth was that water from the Broad Street pump had been infected by waste.
Predicative Clauses are often used:
1. to directly explain or emphasize what the Subject is in greater detail.
2. function as a Complement (补语) to the Subject.
Explore：Observe and think
Practice: Complete the following questions by using predicative
clauses and figure out what meanings and functions they communicate.
EXAMPLE
What was it that John Snow showed to the world
What John Snow showed to the world was how cholera could be overcome.
1. What was Snow’s discovery in two particular streets in London
Snow’s discovery in two particular streets in London was that _________________________.
2.What was Snow determined to find out during the 1854 outbreak of cholera in London
What Snow was determined to find out was why ______________________________________________.
3.What were the exact places Snow marked on the map
The exact places Snow marked on the map were where __________________________.
4.What was the finding that Snow announced
Snow’s finding was that __________________________________.
Practice: Complete the following questions by using predicative
clauses and figure out what meanings and functions they communicate.
the cholera outbreak was so severe that
more than 500 people died in ten days
the cholera outbreak had caused more than 500 people
died in ten days
all those who died had lived
the pump water carried cholera germs
David is talking to Maria about their scientific research project.
First, complete David’s lines (A-E), using the words in the box;
A: Absolutely! You may not believe it, but that was ___________happened at the initial (初始的) stage of our group's research on developing a vaccine for malaria.
B:Yes, it is. And it seemed ___________ all the theories were useful, but the fact was ______ we couldn't persuade one another that one theory was better than another.
C:Exactly. The problem was not about ___________ all our theories were equally good, but in deciding __________________ theory to depend upon.
D:We realized that what we cared about was not ___________ aspect we needed to develop a theory in, but rather ________ we can reduce the cost of a vaccine without reducing its effect!
E: You're right. At last, we became focused on the key issue, which was ___________we had to carry out the research in the first place.
as if that what who when how why whose which whether
Apply：Use the target structure in context
A: Absolutely! You may not believe it, but that was ___________happened at the initial (初始的) stage of our group's research on developing a vaccine for malaria.
B:Yes, it is. And it seemed ___________ all the theories were useful, but the fact was ______ we couldn't persuade one another that one theory was better than another.
C:Exactly! The problem was not about ___________ all our theories were equally good, but in deciding __________________ theory to depend upon.
D:We realized that what we cared about was not ___________ aspect we needed to develop a theory in, but rather ________ we can reduce the cost of a vaccine without reducing its effect!
E: You're right. At last, we became focused on the key issue, which was ___________we had to carry out the research in the first place.
as if that what who when how why whose which whether
what
as if
that
whether
which/what
what/which
how
why
First, complete David’s lines (A-E), using the words in the box;
Then put David's lines in the correct order.
A: Absolutely! You may not believe it, but that was what happened at the initial (初始的) stage of our group's research on developing a vaccine for malaria.
B:Yes, it is. And it seemed as if all the theories were useful, but the fact was that we couldn't persuade one another that one theory was better than another.
C:Exactly. The problem was not about whether all our theories were equally good, but in deciding what/which theory to depend upon.
D:We realized that what we cared about was not what/which aspect we needed to develop a theory in, but rather how we can reduce the cost of a vaccine without reducing its effect!
E: You're right. At last, we became focused on the key issue, which was why we had to carry out the research in the first place.
Maria: This mix of theory and data is one of the key characteristics of what we call science.
David: __________________
Maria: With your theoretical framework
David: __________________
Maria: Deciding on a theory is definitely of critical importance.
David:_________________
Maria: This was when you should have calmed down and got down to doing some solid work.
David:_________________
Maria: So what happened in the end
David:__________________
Then put David's lines in the correct order.
A: Absolutely! You may not believe it, but that was what happened at the initial (初始的) stage of our group's research on developing a vaccine for malaria.
B:Yes, it is. And it seemed as if all the theories were useful, but the fact was that we couldn't persuade one another that one theory was better than another.
C:Exactly! The problem was not about whether all our theories were equally good, but in deciding what/which theory to depend upon.
D:We realized that what we cared about was not what/which aspect we needed to develop a theory in, but rather how we can reduce the cost of a vaccine without reducing its effect!
E: You're right. At last, we became focused on the key issue, which was why we had to carry out the research in the first place.
Maria: This mix of theory and data is one of the key characteristics of what we call science.
David: __________________
Maria: With your theoretical framework
David: __________________
Maria: Deciding on a theory is definitely of critical importance.
David:_________________
Maria: This was when you should have calmed down and got down to doing some solid work.
David:_________________
Maria: So what happened in the end
David:__________________
A：“initial stage” (logical connector)
C：“deciding what theory to depend
upon”-“Deciding on a theory”(lexical connectors)
B：“couldn't persuade one another”-
“this”(grammatical connector)
E：“At last”-“in the end”
(logical connectors)
D：a possible answer to the Wh-question(grammatical connector)
Answer the comprehension questions by using predicative clauses.
Maria: This mix of theory and data is one of the key characteristics of what we
call science.
David: Absolutely! You may not believe it, but that was what happened at the
initial stage of our group's research on developing a vaccine for malaria.
Maria: With your theoretical framework
David: Exactly The problem was not about whether all our theories were equally
good, but in deciding what/which theory to depend upon.
Maria: Deciding on a theory is definitely of critical importance.
David: Yes, it is. And it seemed as if all the theories were useful, but the fact
was that we couldn't persuade one another that one theory was better
than another.
Maria: This was when you should have calmed down and got down to doing
some solid work.
David: You're right. At last, we became focused on the key issue, which was
why we had to carry out the research in the first place.
Maria: So what happened in the end
David: We realized that what we cared about was not what/which aspect we
needed to develop a theory in, but rather how we can reduce the cost
of a vaccine without reducing its effect!
Q1: What was David’s group’s research
Q2:What was the problem
Q3:What was the key issue
Q4:What did they care about
A: David’s group’s research was that
they wanted to develop a vaccine for malaria.
A: The problem was that they had to decide which/what theory to depend upon.
A: The key issue was why they had to carry out the research in the first place.
A: What they cared about was how they can reduce the cost of a vaccine without reducing its effect.
Form:
Subject+Linking verbs+[subordinating conjunction+other elements]
Functions:
Predicative Clauses are often used to directly explain or emphasize what the Subject is in greater detail and function as a Complement (补语) to the Subject.
Usages:
A recap of predicative clauses