第15练 构词法
五年高考试题精选
I ．单句语法填空 根据句意，用括号内单词的正确形式填空。
1.(2022·全国甲卷）Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road , in order to promote environmental ____________( protect ).
2.(2022．全国甲卷）He flew 4,700 kilometers from Xi ' an to Kashgar on Sept. 20，______ (plan) to hike back to Xi ' an in five months .
3.(2020．高考山东卷）Historical ___________ ( accurate ) is important but so is entertainment .
4.(2022．高考浙江卷）John Olson , a former _______________ ( photograph ) and his team turn paintings into fully textured 3D models .
5.(2021．新高考全国 I 卷语法填空改编）The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you must try after the climb . It will _____________ ( undoubted ) help you get refreshed !
6.(2020．全国卷 II ) Chinese New Year is a _____________ ( celebrate ) making the end of the winter and the beginning of spring .
7.(2020·全国卷 II ) Branches of Plum Blossoms （梅花）: The __________ ( beauty ) long branches covered with pink - colored buds (花蕾） make fantastic decorations .
8.(2020．全国卷 II ) Filled with __________ ( curious ), the artist packed his bags and left .
9.(2020．全国卷 III ) As the small boat moved _________ ( gentle ) along the river he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water .
10.(2024．新高考全国 I 卷）The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design , to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing （追溯） the steps along the Silk Route that brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the ____________ ( rich ) of gardening in England .
II ．构词法与高考写作根据提示词或短语完成句子。
1.(2022路全国甲卷）毫无疑问，海洋之于人类就像肺之于我们。( doubt )
_______________________ , oceans are to human being what lungs are to us .
2.(2021．高考北京卷）如果这个时间对于你来说不方便，你可以安排在下周的任何时刻。( convenient )
__________________________, you can set it anytime next week .
3.(2022·全国甲卷）我们应该做的第一件事就是提升大家保护海洋的意识。( aware )
The first thing that we should do is ___________________________of marine conservation .
4.(2020．全国卷 II ）这是我们第一次尝试创作短剧，好多地方需要改进是不可避免的。( avoid )
It is our first try to create such a short play , and it is ___________________that many a point needs improving .
5.(2020．全国新高考卷）除了增强体质，我们还可以通过亲近大自然的方式从繁重的课业中恢复精神。( refresh )
Besides strengthening our body ,__________________ from heavy schoolwork by getting close to nature .
6.(2020．全国卷 I ）我们周围有很多值得尊敬的人，王叔叔就是其中一个。( respect )
_________________________ , of whom Uncle Wang is one .
7.(2020·高考天津卷）当我们观看讲述校友无私勇敢的抗疫事迹时，我们被深深感动，说不出话来。( speech )
When we watched the video telling the brave and selfless deeds our alumni showed in the fight against the pandemic ,_________________________ .
8.(2022·上海春季卷）显然，把跑步时间定在早上七点半到七点五十是不合适的。( appropriate )
Obviously ,____________________________ set morning running from 7:30 to 7:50.
两年模拟试题精选
I ．单句语法填空 根据句意，用括号内单词的正确形式填空。
1.(2024．河南驻马店期末卷）It represents the ecological principles and wisdom which can inspire the _____________ ( sustain ) development in the world today .
2.(2024．河北邢台二模）The narrow alley - ways , situated within Beijing ' s inner city , provide the setting for the game ' s ____________ ( popular ).
3.(2024．广东毕业班调研二）The colorful lion and dragon figures controlled by skilled ___________ ( perform ) catch the attention and admiration of the viewers .
4.(2024·安徽亳州期末质检）Highland barley has ___________ ( gradual ) gained more popularity overseas in recent years .
5.(2024．河北保定期末）Constructed in sections from the 5th century BC onwards , it was completed in 611 AD due to the ___________ ( establish ) of Sui Dynasty and it reached a new peak in the Yuan Dynasty , linking five of China ' s main river basins .
6.(2024·辽宁辽阳二模）China had become one of the most dynamic markets for the company and they were ___________ ( confidence ) about their operations in the country .
7.(2024．四川南充二模）It vividly illustrates the process of historical development , which is the ultimate goal of historical research and archaeological ____________ ( explore ).
8.(2024．湖北十堰调研卷）Cell phones and ________ ( wire ) computer networks also send and receive signals as radio waves , so do radar systems and GPS devices .
9.(2024·云南保山期末卷）Like other creative __________ ( hobby ), it allows you to use your imagination , try new things and express your personality .
10.(2024．辽宁重点高中协作校4月模拟预测）Mount Tai , is a representative of Chinese mountains with ____________ ( impress )views and beautiful natural scenery .
11.(2024·浙江金华十校4月二模）Each model wore delicate hanfu in different styles , reflecting the _________ ( rich ) and diversity of China ' s cultural heritage .
12.(2024．湖北部分市州期末卷）Around 2015, Zhang began to focus independently on the process of hanfu restoration . In that year , she visited Dunhuang , and was impressed by the delicate murals there , wondering how she could _____________ ( possible )materialize them into beautiful costumes .
II ．语篇填空 在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
The speech seemed to be___1___( bore ) and the listeners became very ___2___( patient ).When the___3___( speak ) said that oil was non - renewable and that the best way to___4___( solution ) the problem was not to make cars and buses but to force people to go to work or school on foot ,the audience thought it was ___5___( practice ) and___6___( bear ) to listen to him any longer . They___7___( believe ) that the world would not go___8___( smooth ) without these modern___9___( transport ). They also thought that the speaker was___10___( wise ) to make such a___11___( state )without thinking it___12___( careful ) and his speech would cause some___13___( understand ). So most of the___14___( listen ) chose to leave , shouting loudly and___15___( angry ).
___________ 2. ___________ 3. __________ 4. ___________
___________ 6. ___________ 7. __________ 8. ___________
___________ 10. __________ 11.__________ 12.___________
13.___________ 14.___________ 15.__________第15练 答案解析
高考题组
I .
1. protection 考查动词转变为名词。句意：曹和吴还沿路收集垃圾，以促进环境保护。根据句意和空前的形容词 environmental 可知，此处应用名词 protec - tion ，作宾语， protection 表示"保护"时，是不可数名词。以﹣ tion 结尾的名词还 attention , assumption , attraction , affection , accommodation #.
2. planning 考查动词转变为现在分词。句意：9月20日，他从4700公里外的西安飞到了喀什，计划在五个月内徒步回到西安。动词 plan 意为"计划"，和谓语之间没有连词，和主语构成主动关系，应用现在分词作状语。当动词的最后一个音节为重读闭音节时，且后三个字母为辅音字母＋元音字母＋辅音字
母时，需要双写最后一个字母再加 ing 。如： run ---running 、 stop---stopping
3. accuracy 考查形容词转变为名词。句意：历史的准确性很重要，但娱乐也是如此。设空处为形容词 accurate ，故填名词形式 accuracy 。以 cy 结尾的名词还
有： fluency , efficiency , privacy 等。
4. photographer 考查动词转变为名词。句意：约翰·奥尔森是一位前摄影师，他和他的团队将绘画转化为全纹理3D模型。根据句意表示"摄影师"，此处为单数概念，在动词后加﹣ er ，使其变为名词，意为"……者"，故填 photographer 。
5.undoubtedly考查形容词转变为副词。句意：它无疑会帮助你恢复精神！修饰动词 help ，应用副词 undoubtedly "毫无疑问地"。
6. celebration 考查动词转变为名词。句意：中国新年是一个标志着冬天结束和春季开始的庆祝活动。设空处被前面的冠词 a 修饰，故将动词 celebrate 转变为名词形式。
7.beautiful考查名词转变为形容词。句意：美丽的长枝上覆盖着粉红色的花蕾，这是极好的装饰。设空处修饰名词 branches ，故需用所给词的形容词形式。
8.curiosity考查形容词转变为名词。句意：心中充满了好奇，这位画家收拾好行囊就出发了。设空处充当 with 的宾语，故将形容词转变为名词形式 curiosity .
9.gently考查形容词转变为副词。句意：当小船顺着江水轻轻移动时，群山在水中的沉默的倒影使他说不出话来。设空处修饰动词 moved ，故填副词形式。以 le 结尾的形容词变副词时，通常去 e 加 y 。 whole 除外，其副词形式为 wholly 。
10.richness考查形容词转变为名词。句意：这是当代设计的最高成就，在丝绸之路的尽头，中国亚热带西南部的植物群从温带的欧洲穿过山脉、干旱的土地和高山牧场，这些植物从亚洲的原生栖息地带到英国，定义了英国园艺的丰富和荣耀。空处与glory 并列，应用名词形式 richness ，作介词 of 的宾语。故填 richness 。
II .
1. Undoubtedly
2. If the time is inconvenient for you
3.( to ) raise everyone ' s awareness
4. unavoidable
5. we can get refreshed
6. There are many respectable people around us
7. we were deeply touched and speechless .
8, it is inappropriate to
模拟题组
I .
1.sustainable考查动词转变为形容词。句意：它代表08了能够启发当今世界可持续发展的生态原则和智慧。此处应用形容词 sustainable 作定语，修饰名词development 。故填 sustainable 。
2. popularity 考查形容词转变为名词。句意：位于北京内城的狭窄小巷为这项运动的流行提供了场地。game ' s 后跟名词作介词 for 的宾语， popular 的名词是 popularity ，是不可数名词，意为"流行，普及，受欢迎"。以一 ity 结尾的名词还有： nationality , adversity , possibility , curiosity 等。
3. performers 考查动词转变为名词。句意：由技艺娴熟的演员操纵的色彩斑斓的狮子和龙的形象吸引了观众的注意和赞赏。动词后加﹣ er 词缀，表示"做……的人"。此处应用名词 performer 作宾语，表示"演员"，应用复数形式表泛指，故填 performers 。
4. gradually 考查形容词转变为副词。句意：近年来，青稞在海外越来越受欢迎。形容词后加﹣ ly ，使其变为副词。设空处修饰 gained 作状语，应填副词 grad -ually 。
5. establishment 考查动词转变为名词。句意：它从公元前5世纪开始分段建造，由于隋朝的建立，它于公元611年完工，并在元朝达到了一个新的高峰，连接
了中国的五个主要河流流域。空前是定冠词，所以空处应填名词作宾语， establish 的名词形式是 establishment 。以﹣ ment 结尾的名词还有： achievement ,
improvement , treatment , arrangement , development , punishment , retirement 等。
6. confident 考查名词转变为形容词。句意：中国已成为该公司最具活力的市场之一，他们对在中国的业务充满信心。由句意及空前的 they were 可知，应填
形容词形式，作表语， be confident about "对……有信心"。以﹣ ent 结尾的形容词有 absent , different , excellent , present , silent , violent 等。
7. exploration 考查动词转变为名词。句意：它生动地说明了历史发展的过程，这是历史研究和考古探索的最终目的。空处和 research 并列，需填名词 explo -ration ，表抽象概念，不可数。故填 exploration 。以一tion 结尾的名词还有： education , attention , correction , collection , exhibition , information , reflection ,
suggestion 等。
8. wireless 考查名词转变为形容词否定式。句意：手机和无线计算机网络也以无线电波的形式发送和接收信号，雷达系统和 GPS 设备也是如此。空后是名词，所以空处应填形容词作定语，此处应用 wire 的形容词 wireless 意为"无线的"符合语境。故填 wireless 。类似单词还有： careless , hopeless , useless ,homeless 等。
9. hobbies 考查名词转变为复数。句意：就像其他创造性的爱好一样，烹饪让你发挥想象力，尝试新事物，表达你的个性。 hobby 为可数名词，前面没有 a .应用复数形式，作宾语。故填 hobbies 。以元音字母加 y 结尾的名词直接加 s ，以辅音字母加 y 结尾的名词变 y 为 i 加 es 。如： boys , toys ; babies 等。
10. impressive 考查动词转变为形容词。句意：泰山是中国山岳的代表，景色壮丽，自然风光优美。分析句子，设空处使用 impress 的形容词 impressive 作定语，修饰名词 views ，意为"给人印象深刻的"。故填 impressive 。以﹣ ive 结尾的形容词有 massive .creative , expensive , persuasive 等。
11. richness 考查形容词转变为名词。句意：每个模特都穿着不同风格的精致汉服，反映了中国文化遗产的丰富性和多样性。作动词的宾语，应用名词 richness ，不可数。故填 richness 。形容词后加﹣ ness 转变为名词的有： kindness , tiredness , sickness , laziness , loneliness 等。
12. possibly 考查形容词转变为副词。句意：2015年，她去了敦煌，那里精致的壁画给她留下了深刻的印象，她想知道如何把它们变成美丽的服装。用副词 possibly 作状语，修饰后面的动词 materialize 。故填 possibly 。以﹣ le 结尾的形容词变为副词时，通常去 e 加 y ，如： terribly , simply , gently 等。但有特殊变化，如： true - truly ; whole - wholly 。
II .
1.boring这个演讲似乎很无聊。 boring "没趣的，无聊的"。 be 动词后应用形容词作表语，修饰 the speech ，故用以﹣ ing 结尾的形容词。
2. impatient impatient "没耐心的"。根据语境听众没耐心了，所以用形容词的否定形式。
3. speaker speaker "演讲者"。 the 后面跟名词形式，根据上文应填 speaker 。
4.solve solve the problem "解决问题"。
5. impractical impractical "不切实际的"。
6. unbearable bear 意为"忍受", unbear 意为"不能忍受"; unbearable 意为"不能忍受的"。
7. disbelieved believe "相信"，根据句意此处用它的反义词 disbelieve 的过去式。
8. smoothly smoothly "平稳地，平静地"。
9. transportations transportation "交通运输工具"。
10.unwise wise "明智的"; unwise "不明智的"。根据语境应用不明智的形容词形式。
11.statement state ( v .）声明，加上表示名词的后缀" ment "表示名词"声明"。修饰 a 应用可数名词单数。修饰动词应用副词形式。
12.carefully carefully "小心地"。
13. misunderstandings 前面有 some ，用复数" misunderstandings ".
14.listeners listener "倾听者"。 the 后面跟名词形式，前面有 most of 故用复数。
15.angrily angrily "气愤地"与 loudly 并列用副词形式。
