考点10主谓一致 （核心考点精讲精练）
1. 高考真题考点分布
考点 题型 谓语动词时态、被动语态、主谓一致
年份 试卷类型 考点 考向
语法填空 2024 2024·新课标I卷 ___60_walks__ (walk) 一般现在时与主谓一致
2024·新课标II卷 __38_were_(be); _41_be built__ (build) 一般过去时与主谓一致； 被动语态
2024·全国乙卷 __44_were__ (be) 一般过去时与主谓一致
2024·全国北京卷 ___13gives___ (give) 一般现在时与主谓一致
2024·年浙江1月 42_have started (start) 现在完成时与主谓一致
2023 2023·新课标I卷 / /
2023·新课标II卷 ___65 wished__ (wish) 一般过去时
2023·全国乙卷 was amazed; means; 一般过去时与主谓一致，一般现在时与主谓一致
2023·全国甲卷 / /
2023·年北京卷 would throw 13. had arrived has established 一般将来时； 过去完成时； 现在完成时与主谓一致
2023·年浙江1月 featured 一般过去时
2022 2022·新课标I卷 were; is designed 一般过去时与主谓一致；一般现在时表达语态与主谓一致
2022·新课标II卷 was fixing 43. threw 过去进行时与主谓一致；一般过去时
2022·全国乙卷 addressed 一般过去时
2022·全国甲卷 has walked 现在完成时与主谓一致
2022·年北京卷 caught; has; has increased 一般过去时； 一般现在时与主谓一致； 现在完成时与主谓一致
2022·年浙江1月 is viewed或has been viewed are；have promised 一般现在时被动语态与主谓一致； 主谓一致； 现在完成时被动语态与主谓一致
2. 命题规律及备考策略
【命题规律】
近3年新高考卷对于主谓一致的考查共计16次， 是考查的热点和重点，谓语动词主谓一致主要考查：
一般现在时中的主谓一致；‘’
一般过去时中的主谓一致；
3. 现在完成时中的主谓一致；
4. 被动语态中的主谓一致。
【备考策略】
1. 掌握主谓一致的三个原则：语法形态一致、逻辑意义一致和就近一致；
2. 掌握主谓一致中的固定搭配；
3. 掌握定语从句中的主谓一致；
4. 掌握倒装句、强调句中的主谓一致。
3.【命题预测】
预计2025年高考主谓一致仍然是考查的重点、难点和热点。主谓一致不会单独考查，一般会与名词、动词的时态和语态放在一起考查。
必备基础知识：
主谓一致是指谓语动词在人称和数上与主语一致，一般遵循三个原则：
语法一致原则：就是从语法形式上取得致,即主语为单数形式,谓语动词也采用单数形式;主语为复数形式,谓语动词亦为复数形式。
意义一致原则：就是从意义着眼来处理主谓语一致的问题。主语形式为单数,但意义为复数,谓语动词依意义而定,也采用复数形式。
就近一致原则：是指谓语动词的人称和数往往和与其最近的主语保持一致。
做题时还要保证时态及其他语法及词义的正确性。
01 语法一致原则
语法一致是指主语和谓语在单复数形式上的一致关系，主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；反之，谓语动词用复数形式。
My child has no intention of spending a vacation with me. 我的孩子不想与我一起度假。
My children have no intention of spending a vacation with me. 我的孩子们不想与我一起度假。
当主语后面接由as well as, accompanied by, including, in addition to, more than, no less than, rather than, with, together with等构成的词组时，其谓语动词的形式要依主语的单复数而定。在这样的句子里，这些词所引导的词组不影响主语自身的单复数形式，它们在句子里其实是状语。
Pronunciation as well as grammar changes quickly.
发音与语法一样变化很快。
由lots of, a lot of, a number of, plenty of等修饰的名词作主语时，谓语动词与所修饰的名词形式保持一致。
A great number of students who were invited to the party were from my school.
很多被邀来参加晚会的学生来自于我校。
A great deal of water is polluted every year.
每年大量的水被污染。
易混点：quantities/amounts of修饰名词时，谓语动词的单复数取决于quantity和amount的单复数形式。
Quantities of information are available on the Internet.
在网上可得到大量的信息。
定语从句中的谓语动词的单复数由其修饰的名词的单复数形式来确定；如果定语从句修饰前面的整个句子，从句中的谓语动词用单数。
Those who were praised at the meeting would be sent to America for further study.
在这次会议上被表扬的人将被派到美国深造。
Russia is upgrading its northern fleet, which includes 18 icebreakers.
俄罗斯正在升级它的北海舰队，准备增加18艘破冰船。
倒装句、强调句中的主谓一致
a．倒装句中谓语动词的数与后面的主语保持一致，即谓语后面的主语是单数，动词用单数；谓语后面的主语是复数，动词用复数。
A building stands in front of us.
→In front of us stands a building.
我们面前矗立着一栋楼。
b．在强调句中，如果被强调的成分是原来句子的主语，引导词that(或who)后面的谓语与被强调的成分在人称和数上保持一致。
It is Lily who is a doctor.
莉莉是一名医生。
动词不定式、动名词和从句作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式。
To learn a foreign language is not so difficult as you think.
学会一门外语并不像你想象的那么难。
That he has won the game is known to us all.
他赢了这场比赛是我们都知道的事。
Swimming in rivers in summer is a good sport, but to swim in rivers in winter needs great willpower.
夏天在河里游泳是很好的运动，但冬天在河里游泳需要极大的意志力。
注意：从句作主语时，若主句谓语部分为系表结构，主句谓语的数通常由作表语的名词/代词决定。
What they need is money while what we need most are textbooks.
他们需要的是钱，而我们最需要的是教科书。
1.【2024新课标Ⅰ卷】Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse ____60____ (walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for ____61the____ first time.
60.【答案】walks
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：此外，围绕温室的丝绸之路花园带领游客走过一段受古丝绸之路影响的旅程。walk sb. through，意为“带领某人穿过……”，空处为本句谓语动词，根据上文可知，本句时态为一般现在时，主语the Silk Route Garden为单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填walks。
【方法指导】
谓语动词在人称和数上必须和主语一致。主语为单数形式故，谓语动词用单数形式。
一般情况下，主语为单数可数名词或代词、不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数形式；主语为复数可数名词或代词时，谓语动词用复数形式。
2.【2024全国甲卷】 They ____44____（be）part of a 15-member exploring party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there.
【答案】were
【解析】考查时态。句意：他们是一个由15人组成的探险队的一部分，他们花了近五个星期的时间来见证那里的自然美景。本空前They指代上文提及的四个男人，时间为1870年，同时联系后文had spent的过去完成时可知，本空时态为过去式且为复数形式，故填were。
【2024届湖南省永州市高三下学期第三次模拟】 So far, from swiftly flowing river valleys to mist-covered mountains, dense forests and steep cliffs, wherever there is water and soil, terraces 4 (dig).
4．考查时态和语态。句意：到目前为止，从湍急的河谷到薄雾笼罩的山脉、茂密的森林和陡峭的悬崖，无论哪里有水和土壤，都可以挖出梯田。此处作谓语动词，主语为terraces，复数，主语terraces与dig之间为被动关系，且时间状语为so far，故应用现在完成时，故填have been dug。
02 意义一致原则
and, both ... and ... 连接两个不同的主语，谓语动词用复数形式；但是如果由and连接的两个名词表示同一个人或物时，谓语动词须用单数形式。
Her teacher and her friends are on holiday.
她的老师和朋友们都在度假中。
The poet and writer has produced many works.
这位诗人兼作家写出了许多作品。
2.“no/each/every/many a＋单数名词＋and＋no/each/every/many a＋单数名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数。
Every boy and every girl wishes to attend the party to be held next Sunday.
每个男生和女生都希望参加下周日举行的聚会。
3.“a number of＋复数名词”表示“许多……”，作主语时，谓语动词用复数；“the number of＋复数名 词”表示“……的数量”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
A number of measures were being taken to protect the endangered animals
人们正采取各种措施保护濒危动物。
The number of staff has declined from 218,000 to 116,000.
员工人数从21.8万下降到了11.6万。
4.分数、百分数指代或修饰名词时，谓语动词的数与其所修饰的名词的数保持一致。the rest, the remaining/part ...，plenty of, a great deal of等＋主语，谓语动词应根据所表达的单复数意义而定。
The first part of the lecture was vivid but the remaining was very boring.
讲座的前半部分很生动，但后半部分非常枯燥。
About one third of the books are worth reading.
这些书中大约有1/3值得一读。
Only 60 percent of the work was finished yesterday.
昨天只干了60%的活。
5. 集体名词作主语时，若被看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式；若被看作是构成集体的一个个成员，谓语动词用复数形式。常见的集体名词有：family, class, team, group, public, committee, government, audience等。
The class consists of 25 boys and 20 girls.
这个班由25个男生和20个女生组成。
The class are doing experiments.
全班学生都在做实验。
6.示时间、距离、重量、金额等复数名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。
Three thousand miles is a long distance.
三千英里是一段很长的距离。
7.以 s/ ics结尾的学科名词，如physics, politics等及news作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
Bad news travels quickly.
[谚语]坏事传千里。
8. 单复数同形的名词，如：deer， sheep， fish， means， works， Chinese等作主语时，要视其意义来决定谓语动词的单复数形式。
All means have been tried.
所有方式都试过了。
Every means has been tried.
每一种方式都试过了。
“the+形容词”表示一类人，在句中作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
The wounded have been cured and the lost have been found.
受伤的人被治愈，同时失踪的人也被找到了.
1.【2024新课标ⅠⅠ卷】 “Some of the things that Tang was writing about ___38___ (be)also Shakespeare’s concerns.
38.【答案】were
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：“汤显祖所写的一些内容也是莎士比亚所关心的。我碰巧知道汤显祖的戏剧《牡丹亭》在某些方面与《罗密欧与朱丽叶》相似。”这里为本句谓语动词，根据句意以及定语从句时态可知，本句时态为一般过去时；主语为“some of the things”，复数。故填were。
2.【2019·新课标I卷·语法填空】 Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six ___70___ (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
【答案】are
【解析】时态和考查主谓一致。根据three are declining，此处数词six作主语，代指前文中的“polar bear subpopulations”，故用复数谓语，一般现在时，故填are。
1.（2023·浙江省金华十校模拟）Lake Powell, the second largest human-made reservoir (水库) in the US, has lost nearly 7% of its potential storage capacity since it ______ (build) in 1963.
【答案】was built
【解析】考查谓语动词。句意：鲍威尔湖是美国第二大人工水库，自1963年建成以来，其潜在蓄水能力已经损失了近7%。设空处在句中做谓语，根据时间状语in 1963，可知句子的时态为一般过去时，设空处和句子的主语it之间是被动关系，可知，设空处应用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was built。
2. 1. All we need _________ a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit
trees throughout the growing seasons of the year.
are B. was C. is D. were
【答案】C
【解析】考查主谓一致及时态用法。句中的主语为代词all，代指的是物，故谓语动词用单数形式。再根据从句中的can可以判断用一般现在时。句意：我们所需要的是一小块土地，在整个一年的生长季节，我们能够种各种不同的水果树。故C正确。
03 就近一致原则
由or, either ... or ..., neither ... nor ..., not only ... but also ... , not ... but ... 等连接的并列主语，谓语动词常与最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。
Neither Jim nor his parents know anything about it.
吉姆和他母亲都不知道这件事。
在There be句型及Here开头的句子中，有两个或几个并列主语时，谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。
There is a pen, two knives and several books on the table.
桌子上有一支钢笔、两把小刀和几本书。
→There are two knives, a pen and several books on the table.
桌子上有两把小刀、一支钢笔和几本书。
many a/more than one＋单数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。
Many a parent was forced to go through this same painful process.
很多父母都被迫经历这一段痛苦的过程。
1．Either the manager or his assistants (is, are) to attend the meeting.
【答案】are
【详解】考查主谓一致。句意：不是经理就是他的助手出席会议。“either...or...”连接两个并列的名词作主语，谓语动词应遵循就近原则。根据空格前的“his assistants”可知，系动词应用are。故填are。
2．Not only the students but also the teacher (be) against the plan at that time.
【答案】was
【详解】考查时态及主谓一致。句意：当时不仅学生而且老师都反对这项计划。在 Not only… but also… 连接并列主语时，谓语动词的数遵循“就近原则”，由此可知，teacher为单数名词，be动词应使用单数形式；时间状语为at that time，应使用一般过去时。故填was。
1.To avoid gathering, neither the students nor their head teacher ________(be) going to the party this evening.
【答案】is
【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：为了避免聚会，学生和班主任都不去参加今晚的晚会。主语由neither...nor...连接，谓语动词遵循“就近一致”原则，设空处需与their head teacher在人称和数上保持一致，使用第三人称单数形式，且根据时间标志词“this evening”可知，应该使用一般将来时。故填is。
2.Not only some international stars but also the Chinese singer and dancer ______ （give）wonderful performances at the concert recently.
【答案】has given
【详解】考查主谓一致。句意：最近，不仅有一些国际明星，就连中国的歌手和舞蹈家也在音乐会上进行了精彩的表演。not only…but also连接的并列成分作主语时，其谓语通常要与靠近的主语保持一致，此处the Chinese singer and dancer为单数，根据后文recently可知为现在完成时，助动词用has。故填has given。
04 书面表达中主谓不一致易错点聚焦
英语的谓语动词在人称和数上必须与主语保持一致。由于受汉语的影响，许多同学在写作时经常忽略句子的主谓一致关系，从而出现错误。
例：Once one have time, he can do what he want to do.
人一旦有了时间，他就能想干什么就干什么。
解析：one是单数第三人称，因而本句的have应改为has；同理，want应改为wants，本句是典型的主谓不一致。
改为：Once one has time, he can do what he wants to do.
（最新模拟试题演练）
1.【2024届河南省濮阳市高三下学期二模】“The promotion of hanfu 39 (become) easier in recent years.
39．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：李说：“近年来，汉服的推广变得更容易了。随着社交媒体平台上的曝光率不断增加，越来越多的人对汉服感兴趣并愿意了解它。”根据时间状语 in recent years 可知，空处谓语动词需用现在完成时态：have/has done，主语是单数 promotion，所以此处助动词需用 has。故填has become。
2.【2024届广东省惠州市高三下学期一模拟考试】Looking ahead, the museum souvenir market in China 50 (expect) to continue growing.
50．考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：展望未来，中国博物馆纪念品市场有望继续增长。分析句子可知，句子主语the museum souvenir market与expect之间为被动关系，且句中缺少谓语动词，因此这里使用谓语动词的被动形式，且主语是单数，根据主谓一致原则，这里使用is expected。故填is expected。
3.【2024届贵州省遵义市高三下学期第二次模拟测试】Chinese sauerkraut, a pickle which 3 (make) of Chinese cabbage, is a traditional specialty of the northeastern region and is now sold around the country 4 exported overseas.
3．考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：中国酸菜是一种由白菜制成的泡菜，是东北地区的传统特产，现在销往全国各地并出口到海外。make(制作)是定语从句中谓语动词，与主语which(即先行词a pickle)之间是被动关系，描述客观事实，应使用一般现在时态，又因主语是单数名词，所以谓语动词也应使用单数形式。综上，谓语应用一般现在时的被动语态，单数形式。故填is made。
4．考查连词。句意：中国酸菜是一种由白菜制成的泡菜，是东北地区的传统特产，现在销往全国各地并出口到海外。exported和sold之间是并列谓语动词，用连词and连接。故填and。
4.【2024届山东省聊城市高三下学期二模】Chinese acrobatic (杂技) dates back to the Neolithic, when ancient people developed it from daily life for enjoyment and celebration. The use of daily items such as tables, chairs, bowls and plates 1 (be) common in their performances. 1．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：在他们的表演中，使用桌子、椅子、碗和盘子等日常用品是很常见的。根据前文“when ancient people developed it from daily life for enjoyment and celebration”和句意可知，句子使用一般过去时，主语为The use，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填was。
5.【2024届安徽省马鞍山市高三下学期三模】At the heart of the exhibition, Girl on a Swing 5 (surround) by block-color paintings and a recreated grassy area, reflecting the artist’s inner world with colors of golden cornfields, shining sun, and expansive greenery spreading out.
5．考查动词时态，被动语态和主谓一致。句意：在展览的中心，Girl on a Swing被色块画和重建的草地包围着，用金色的玉米地、灿烂的阳光和广阔的绿色植物的颜色反映了艺术家的内心世界。空格处作谓语，主语Girl on a Swing为第三人称单数，且根据句意为一般过去时，主语和动词surround之间为被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was surrounded。
6.【2024届四川省眉山市仁寿县四川省仁寿第一中学校模拟】The Dongfeng Landing Site has a search zone of tens of thousands of square kilometers, which 5 (contain) desert, salt flats, as well as wetlands that make it challenging to find out 6 the reentry module might land.
5．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：东风着陆场的搜索区域有数万平方公里，包括沙漠、盐滩以及使确定返回舱可能着陆地点变得具有挑战性的湿地。contain意为“包括”，句子描述的是一般事实，应用一般现在时，which引导的非限制性定语从句中，先行词为The Dongfeng Landing Site，引导词which代替先行词作主语，为第三人称单数，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填contains。
6．考查宾语从句。句意：东风着陆场的搜索区域有数万平方公里，包括沙漠、盐滩以及使确定返回舱可能着陆地点变得具有挑战性的湿地。空处引导宾语从句，从句缺少地点状语，需用连接副词where引导。故填where。
7.【2024届四川省泸州市高三下学期三模】At the age of 6, she started to help her mother to make Su embroidery items, all of which 29 (sell)to support the family.
29．考查动词时态语态。句意：16岁起，她就开始帮助母亲制作苏绣品，靠卖苏绣品来维持一家人的生计。此处为一般过去时，items和sell是被动关系，用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是复数，谓语也用复数。故填were sold。
8.【2024届河南省开封市高三下学期三模】The precise locations of the shipwrecks and the associated cultural relics 36 (determine) through the use of oceanographic technology and underwater investigations involving manned submersibles, which conducted 41 dives throughout the year, as confirmed by Song Jianzhong, 37 researcher at the National Center for Archaeology.
36．考查动词时态和语态。句意：据国家考古中心研究员宋建忠证实，沉船和相关文物的精确位置是通过使用海洋学技术和水下调查确定的，其中包括载人潜水器，全年进行了41次潜水。分析句子，设空处使用动词作谓语。句中The precise locations of the shipwrecks and the associated cultural relics与determine之间是被动关系，同时句子表述过去事实，故使用一般过去时的被动语态。故填were determined。
37．考查冠词。句意：同上。句中researcher为可数名词，设空处应该使用冠词，此处表示泛指，且researcher首字母为辅音音素。故填a。
9.【2024届内蒙古自治区赤峰市赤峰市三模】Before the new discovery, the fishing and hunting 45 (know) to be main activities in Hongshan ancestors’ life.
45．考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：在新发现之前，捕鱼和狩猎是红山祖先生活的主要活动。空处作句子的谓语，结合“Before the new discovery”可知，此处在叙述过去发生的事情，时态应用一般过去时，know和主语the fishing and hunting之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，且主语是复数，be动词应用were。故填were known。
10.【2024届湖北省高三下学期新高考三模】Mid-Autumn Festival and Lunar New Year are as important to them in Australia as they 4 (be) in China, and will continue to be so.
4．考查时态。句意：中秋节和农历新年对他们来说在澳大利亚和在中国一样重要，并且将继续如此。设空处为谓语，此处指他们以前在国内的时候，应用一般过去时。故填were。
11.【2024届安徽省合肥市高三下学期二模】Upon return, Huang 8 (appoint) chief scientist of China’s biggest deep earth exploration program.
8．考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：回国后，黄被任命为中国最大的深地探测项目的首席科学家。陈述过去的事实，使用一般过去时，Huang和appoint为被动关系，需用被动语态，主语为Huang，be动词用was。故填was appointed。
12.【2024届江西省景德镇市高三下学期第三次质量检测】This type of embroidery 13 (feature) a bold use of brilliant colors.Chen Yunzhen, from Beichuan Qiang Autonomous County in Sichuan Province, is a master of Qiang embroidery.
13．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：这种刺绣的特点是大胆地使用鲜艳的颜色。陈述客观事实用一般现在时，主语 This type of embroidery 是单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填 features。
13.【四川省成都市成实外教育联盟2023-2024学年高三下学期联考】This philosophy 38 (fascinate) and inspired people in China, as well as those in many Asian countries and more recently in the West, over the course of many centuries.
38．考查时态。句意：几个世纪以来，这一哲学使中国人以及许多亚洲国家和最近的西方国家的人们着迷和鼓舞。根据后文over the course of many centuries可知为现在完成时，主语为philosophy，助动词用has。故填has fascinated。
14.【2024届江西省新余市高三下学期二模】Cleaning must be done before the holiday, 46 (typical) in January or February, since sweeping after the festivities 47 (see) as removing good luck.
46．考查副词。句意：大扫除必须在节前完成，通常是在1月或2月，因为在庆祝活动结束后大扫除被视为会带走好运。此空为副词作状语修饰介词短语，typical的副词为typically意为“通常”符合句意。故填typically。
47．考查谓语动词。句意：大扫除必须在节前完成，通常是在1月或2月，因为在庆祝活动结束后大扫除被视为会带走好运。此空为谓语动词，结合句意可知，此处讲述的是经常性发生的动作，所以此处使用一般现在时，see与主语sweeping after the festivities之间为被动关系，用被动语态，且主语为动名词短语，所以谓语动词应为单数。故填is seen。
15.【2024届河南省通义大联考高三下学期最后一卷】“I’m just waiting. I trust my team. Once the decision 52 (make), I will review everything. Two years would be long, in the case of one year I might see.
52．考查时态语态。句意：一旦做出决定，我会重新审视一切。主语decision与谓语构成被动关系，且主句为一般将来时，从句用一般现在时的被动语态，谓语用单数。故填is made。
16.【2024届河南省通义大联考高三下学期最后一卷】Guardiola is expected to leave when his current City deal 56 (end) next year but De Bruyne does not see that as a reason to move on himself.
56．考查时态。句意：瓜迪奥拉预计将在明年与曼城的合同到期后离开，但德布鲁因并不认为这是他离开的理由。从句陈述事实用一般现在时，主语为his current City deal，谓语用三单形式。故填ends。
17.【2024届河南省通义大联考高三下学期最后一卷】This is obvious 59 Man City lost the two Premier League matches which De Bruyne didn’t participate in, scoring none, and it 60 (be) De Bruyne himself contributing a whole lot to save Man City from being slashed by Real Madrid.
59．考查表语从句。句意：这是显而易见的，因为曼城输掉了德布鲁因没有参加的两场英超比赛，一球未进，而正是德布鲁因自己为拯救曼城而做出了很大的贡献。引导表语从句，从句缺少原因状语，用because。故填because。
60．考查时态。句意：这是显而易见的，因为曼城输掉了德布鲁因没有参加的两场英超比赛，一球未进，而正是德布鲁因自己为拯救曼城而做出了很大的贡献。根据上文didn’t可知，为一般过去时，主语为it，谓语用单数。故填was。
18.【2024届湖南省永州市高三下学期第三次模拟】Dazhai, a village 1 (surround) by mountains on all sides in Guangxi's Longsheng autonomous county of various ethnic groups, which boasts around 66 square kilometers of terraced (梯田形的) fields that have been cultivated for around 2,300 years, 2 (attract) tens of thousands of visitors every year.
1．考查非谓语动词。句意：大寨，广西龙胜各族自治县的一个四面环山的村庄，拥有约66万平方公里的梯田，种植了约2300年，每年吸引着数以万计的游客。此处作定语，修饰名词village，village与surround之间为被动关系，故应用过去分词作后置定语，故填surrounded。
2．考查时态。句意：同上。此处作谓语动词，主语为a village，为单数，主语a village与attract之间为主动关系，且此处时间状语为every year，故应用一般现在时，故填attracts。
19.
20.【2024届辽宁省重点高中协作校联考高三下学期4月高考模拟】Porcelain is the creative fruit of 8 working people of ancient China. Since the Han and Tang Dynasties, porcelain 9 (export) worldwide.
8．考查冠词。句意：瓷器是中国古代劳动人民创造的成果。此处特指“中国古代劳动人民”，前应用定冠词修饰。故填the。
9．考查动词时态，语态和主谓一致。句意：自汉唐以来，瓷器已经出口到世界各地:它促进了中国与外部世界的经济和文化交流，并极大地影响了其他国家人民的传统文化和生活方式。export作本句谓语，和主语porcelain之间是被动关系，用被动语态，根据标志词since可知，用现在完成时，主语porcelain为第三人称单数。故填has been exported。
【2024届四川省成都市金牛区成都外国语学校高三下学期零诊模拟】In an age of rapidly growing urbanization, rooftop farming has emerged as a sustainable response 1 the challenge of creating green space in cities. This innovative practice transforms rooftops into mini farms, where vegetables, fruits, and even flowers 2 (plant), providing local residents with fresh produce and adding a touch of nature to urban environments.
Rooftop farming, also 3 (refer) to as vertical agriculture, is more than just a trend; it’s a step towards environmental conservation. Green roofs with vegetation help to absorb sunlight and release moisture, cooling the air and reducing the demand for air conditioning, 4 in turn lessens energy 5 (consume) and carbon emission. Meanwhile, rooftop farms serve as educational platforms, 6 (teach) city dwellers about sustainable agriculture practices and the importance of 7 (local) sourced food.
As urban populations continue to grow, rooftop farming fosters community engagement 8 promotes healthier lifestyles by providing access to fresh and organic produce. When we look towards 9 future where environmental consciousness and sustainable practices become increasingly vital, rooftop farming stands as a testament to our ability to cultivate more than just food—we cultivate hope for a 10 (green) and more resilient (可迅速恢复的) world.
【答案】
1．to 2．are planted 3．referred 4．which 5．consumption 6．teaching 7．locally 8．and 9．a 10．greener
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在快速发展的城市化时代，屋顶农业已成为应对城市绿色空间挑战的可持续对策。这种创新的做法将屋顶变成了迷你农场，在那里种植蔬菜、水果，甚至鲜花，为当地居民提供新鲜的农产品，并为城市环境增添了一丝自然气息。
1．考查介词。句意：在快速发展的城市化时代，屋顶农业已成为应对城市绿色空间挑战的可持续对策。response to表示“应对”，为固定搭配。故填to。
2．考查动词语态。句意：这种创新的做法将屋顶变成了迷你农场，在那里种植蔬菜、水果，甚至鲜花，为当地居民提供新鲜的农产品，并为城市环境增添了一丝自然气息。where引导的定语从句表经常性、习惯性动作，故从句时态用一般现在时，主语vegetables, fruits, and even flowers与plant“种植”构成被动关系，用一般现在时的被动语态，主语为复数，be动词用are。故填are planted。
3．考查非谓语动词。句意：屋顶农业，也被称为垂直农业，不仅仅是一种趋势；这是迈向环境保护的一步。本句系动词为is，此处为非谓语动词，此处refer“提到，提及，称……（为）”与Rooftop farming构成被动关系，故用过去分词，作后置定语。故填referred。
4．考查定语从句。句意：有植被的绿色屋顶有助于吸收阳光和释放水分，冷却空气，减少对空调的需求，从而减少能源消耗和碳排放。空格处引导非限制性定语从句，指代前文整个主句，关系词在从句中作主语，用which引导。故填which。
5．考查名词。句意：有植被的绿色屋顶有助于吸收阳光和释放水分，冷却空气，减少对空调的需求，从而减少能源消耗和碳排放。本空应用不可数名词consumption“消耗”，作动词lessens的宾语。故填consumption。
6．考查非谓语动词。句意：与此同时，屋顶农场作为教育平台，向城市居民传授可持续农业实践和本地采购食物的重要性。句子谓语动词是serve，rooftop farms与teach“教”构成主动关系，故用现在分词，作状语。故填teaching。
7．考查副词。句意：与此同时，屋顶农场作为教育平台，向城市居民传授可持续农业实践和本地采购食物的重要性。修饰形容词sourced“有来源的，有出处的”，应用副词locally“在本地，本地”，作状语。故填locally。
8．考查连词。句意：随着城市人口的不断增长，屋顶农业通过提供新鲜有机农产品，促进了社区参与，促进了更健康的生活方式。结合前后文语境可知fosters与promotes为并列关系，应用连词and连接。故填and。
9．考查冠词。句意：当我们展望环保意识和可持续实践变得越来越重要的未来时，屋顶农业证明了我们不仅有能力种植食物——我们还培养了一个更绿色、更可迅速恢复的世界的希望。此处泛指“一个未来”，且future以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。故填a。
10．考查形容词比较级。句意：当我们展望环保意识和可持续实践变得越来越重要的未来时，屋顶农业证明了我们不仅有能力种植食物——我们还培养了一个更绿色、更可迅速恢复的世界的希望。根据后文and more resilient可知空格处应用形容词比较级greener“更绿色的”。故填greener。
2024年
1.【2024新课标Ⅰ卷】Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse ____60____ (walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for ____61____ first time.
60.【答案】walks
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：此外，围绕温室的丝绸之路花园带领游客走过一段受古丝绸之路影响的旅程。walk sb. through，意为“带领某人穿过……”，空处为本句谓语动词，根据上文可知，本句时态为一般现在时，主语the Silk Route Garden为单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填walks。
61.【答案】the
【解析】考查冠词。句意：亚洲和欧洲之间的贸易路线第一次为英国带来了丝绸、香料和许多植物。固定搭配：for the first time，意为“第一次”，符合句意。故填the。
2.【2024全国甲卷】 They ____44____（be）part of a 15-member exploring party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there.
【答案】were
【解析】考查时态。句意：他们是一个由15人组成的探险队的一部分，他们花了近五个星期的时间来见证那里的自然美景。本空前They指代上文提及的四个男人，时间为1870年，同时联系后文had spent的过去完成时可知，本空时态为过去式且为复数形式，故填were。
3.【2024新课标ⅠⅠ卷】 “Some of the things that Tang was writing about ___38___ (be)also Shakespeare’s concerns.
38.【答案】were
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：“汤显祖所写的一些内容也是莎士比亚所关心的。我碰巧知道汤显祖的戏剧《牡丹亭》在某些方面与《罗密欧与朱丽叶》相似。”这里为本句谓语动词，根据句意以及定语从句时态可知，本句时态为一般过去时；主语为“some of the things”，复数。故填were。
4.【2024新课标ⅠⅠ卷】Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, ___40___ (inspire)by The Peony Pavilion, ___41___ (build)at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace.
40.【答案】inspired
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：两年后，一座六米高的亭子在菲斯花园落成，该花园距离莎士比亚故居仅十分钟步行路程，其灵感来自《牡丹亭》。非谓语动词担当后置定语，被修饰词“a six-meter-tall pavilion”和动词“inspire”之间为被动关系，用过去分词形式。故填inspired。
41.【答案】was built
【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：两年后，一座六米高的亭子在菲斯花园落成，该花园距离莎士比亚故居仅十分钟步行路程，其灵感来自《牡丹亭》。这里为本句谓语动词，根据时间状语“Two years later”可知，本句时态为一般过去时；主语为“a six-meter-tall pavilion”，单数，和动词“build”之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填was built。
5.【2024北京卷】On April 5, 2024, John Tinniswood ___15___ (name) the world’s oldest living man.
【15题详解】
考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：2024年4月5日，约翰·廷尼斯伍德被评为世界上在世最长寿的人。根据时间状语On April 5, 2024可知，此处描述过去发生的事，句子应用一般过去时；name与主语John Tinniswood之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，主语John Tinniswood是单数，be动词使用was。故填was named。
6.【2024浙江1月卷】If your supermarket sells loose produce, then buying smaller quantities is easier. Over the last two years, some supermarkets ____42____ (start) selling chicken or salad in packs ____43____ (design) with two halves containing separate portions (份).
【42题详解】
考查现在完成时。句意：在过去的两年里，一些超市开始销售鸡肉或沙拉包装，设计成两半，拆分成两份。根据“Over the last two years”可知，此处应用现在完成时。动词start意为“开始”。故填have started。
【43题详解】
考查过去分词。句意：在过去的两年里，一些超市开始销售鸡肉或沙拉包装，设计成两半，拆分成两份。动词design意为“设计”，和谓语之间没有连词，和逻辑主语packs构成被动关系，且动作已完成，所以应用过去分词形式作后置定语。故填designed。
2023年
1.【2023年全国乙卷】 ____46____ (visit) several times over the last 10 years, I ____47____ (amaze) by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing. ...The ____49____ (remark) development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, _____50_____ (mean) there is always something new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years.
【46题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：在过去的10年里，我多次访问北京，我惊讶于这里的新旧共存，惊讶于一个城市如何在不断发展的同时保持如此丰富的文化遗产。这里为非谓语动词担当状语，和主句主语“I”之间为主动关系；根据时间状语“over the last 10 years”可知，用完成时态，由此推断，空处用现在分词的完成时态。置于句首，首字母大写。故填Having visited。
【47题详解】
考查时态和语态。句意：在过去的10年里，我多次访问北京，我惊讶于这里的新旧共存，惊讶于一个城市如何在不断发展的同时保持如此丰富的文化遗产。这里为本句谓语动词，根据下文“how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing.”可知，本句用一般过去时；主语I和动词amaze之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填was amazed。
【49题详解】
考查形容词。句意：这个城市的显著发展，是有意识地在保护过去的同时步入现代世界，这意味着这里总是有新的东西可以发现，我可以在接下来的50年里一直拍摄北京。分析句子成分可知，空处为形容词修饰名词“development of this city”。故填remarkable。
【50题详解】
考查时态。句意：这座城市的显著发展，在有意识地保护过去的同时步入现代世界，意味着这里总是有新的东西等待发现，我可以在接下来的50年里一直拍摄北京。这里为本句谓语动词，根据上下文可知，本句时态为一般现在时；主语为“development”，单数，所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填means。
2.【2023年浙江1月卷】Citizens of higher social classes 59 (permit)to live closer to the center of the circles.
【答案】were permitted
【解析】考查动词的被动语态。句意：高等阶层的公民被允许住在离中心地带更近的地方。分析句子结构可知，空格处在句中作谓语，和主语Citizens of higher social classes构成被动关系，因为是对过去事实的陈述应用一般过去时。故填were permitted。
3.【2023年北京卷】For these reasons, they are praised as “coastal guardians”. Up to now, China ____16____(establish) a number of protected areas with mangroves.
【答案】has established
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：到目前为止，中国已经建立了一些红树林保护区。由Up to now(到目前为止)可知，句子应用现在完成时，主语是China，助动词应用has，故填has established。
2022年
1.【2022新高考I卷】The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that __________ (be)previously unprotected....After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. The GPNP __________ (design)to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性)of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, and leaving behind precious natural assets(资产)for future generations”.
答案：were
解析：考查时态和主谓一致。句意：该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区，将许多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构，以提高效率，减少管理上的不一致性。设空处在that引导的限制性定语从句中作谓语，先行词为a significant number of areas，先行词在从句中作主语，根据“previously (之前地)”可知从句的时态应为一般过去时，根据主谓一致，从句主语复数，从句谓语复数形式。故填were。
答案：is designed
解析：考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：GPNP旨在体现“保护自然生态系统的真实性和完整性，保护生物多样性，保护生态缓冲区，为子孙后代留下宝贵的自然资产”的指导原则。设空处在句中作谓语，和句子的主语The GPNP之间为被动关系；叙述客观事实，应用一般现在时。故设空处应为一般现在时的被动语态，主语单数，谓语单数形式。故填is designed。
2.【2022全国甲卷】In the last five years, Cao ___________ (walk) through 34 countries in six continents
答案：has walked
解析：考查动词时态。句意：在过去五年中，曹操穿越了六大洲的34个国家，2016年，他到达了乞力马扎罗山顶，这是非洲最高的山峰。根据时间状语in the last five years可知，此处应用现在完成时，主语Cao为第三人称单数，助动词用has。故填has walked。
3.【2022年浙江卷1月】Travelling to conferences, lectures, workshops, and the like frequently by plane ________（view） as important for scientists to get together and exchange information.
答案：is viewed或has been viewed
解析：考查被动语态。句意：对科学家而言，旅行去参加会议、讲座、工作室之类的地方来相聚并交流信息这件事被视为是重要的。描述人们普遍认知的事情用一般现在时，此处也可以表示强调人们从过去到现在的认知，动名词作主语与主谓之间存在被动关系，故填is viewed或has been viewed。
4.【2022年浙江卷1月】But Cobb and others ________ （be） now questioning that idea pushing conferences to provide more chances to participate remotely, and ________（change） their personal behavior to do their part in dealing with the climate change crisis. ...On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, roughly 200 academics —many of them climate scientists __________ （promise） to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago.
答案：are；changing
解析：考查时态和主谓一致。句意：但是现在Cobb和其他人正在质疑那个想法，推动会议提供更多远程参加的机会以及为了尽自己的能力来应对气候变化危机，他们正在改变他们的个人行为。第一空：根据句意可知，此处也应使用现在进行时，主语为复数，故填are。第二空：分析句子结构可知，此处and连接并列的动词questioning和change，故填changing。
答案：have promised
解析：考查时态。句意：例如，在一个叫“无飞行科学家”的网站上，自从两年前成立以来，大约有200个学者，他们中很多人承诺尽可能少飞行。根据时间状语“since+过去时间”可知主句应使用现在完成时，故填have promised。
5.【2022年新高考2卷】Henry ___42___ (fix) his car when he heard the screams. He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony.
答案：42. was fixing 43. threw
【42题详解】
考查谓语动词。句意：听到尖叫声时，亨利正在修车。根据句子结构，设空处应该填写谓语动词。根据空后的when he heard the screams，可知，设空处的动作是正在发生的，同时该句描述的是过去的事实。故使用过去进行时。fix为动词，意为“修理”，其过去进行时为was fixing。故填was fixing。
6.【2022年北京卷】 This has been adopted to ensure easier detection of gas leaks. Gas naturally ____16____ (have) no recognisable smell.
考查主谓一致。句意：气体本来没有可识别的味道。分析句子结构可知空格处的动词作谓语，本句话是在陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时态，且主语gas在本文中指的是气体的统称，为不可数名词，所以谓语动词要用单三形式。故填has。
7.【2022年北京卷】The use of those plastics ____20____ (increase) by 300% since 2019. The world won’t survive if this situation continues.
4.考查现在完成时。句意：自从2019年，那些塑料的使用已经增加了300%。根据句中since 2019，可知此处用现在完成时。主语The use of those plastics为单数含义，助动词用has。故填has increased。
8.【2022年天津卷第二次】 Food and medical supplies________ to all the residents after the hurricane last Sunday.
A. distribute B. distributed
C. are distributed D. were distributed
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。句意：上周日飓风过后，食品和药品供给被分发给了所有居民。分析句子成分可知，Food and medical supplies作主语，为复数，与动词distribute“分发”为动宾关系，故需要用被动语态be distributed；根据后文last Sunday“上周日”可知，句子需要用一般过去时态，故be动词要用were。故选D项。
9. 【2022年天津卷第二次】Critical reasoning, together with problem-solving, ________ teenagers to make better decisions.
A. prepare B. prepares
C. is preparing D. are preparing
【答案】B
【解析】考查主谓一致和时态。句意：批判性推理和解决问题的能力有助于青少年做出更好的决定。短语together with/along with/as well as, etc连接两个并列的名词或代词做主语时谓语动词的数由该结构前的名词或代词决定，句子主语为Critical reasoning，谓语动词应用单数形式，此处为客观陈述，应用一般现在时。故选B项。
2021年
1.【2021.6新高考1卷】What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can't help wondering how hard it 6 (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place.
【答案】was
【解析】考查动词时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，此处应该填谓语动词。根据空后的提示词then可知，表示当时的情况，故此处谓语动词应用一般过去时；从句主语为it，是第三人称单数形式。故填was。
2.【2021.6全国甲卷】It 1 (build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored（修复）.
【答案】was built ;
【解析】考查动词的时态/语态以及主谓一致。根据句子结构可知，空格填写谓语动词， 又因it指代前面The Xi'an City Wall，和build是被动关系，且是在 the Tang dynasty被建立，故用过去式的被动语态。本句句意：它最初是在唐代为保护这座城市而建的，现在已经完全修复。故填was built。
3.【2021.6 浙江卷】It doesn't impress like George Washington's plantation on the Pohomac, but Lincoln's home in downtown Springfield, Illinois, 1 (prove) irresistible to visitors since it opened to the publie.
【答案】has proved 或 has proven
【解析】考查现在完成时。结合句中since一词，可以判断句子的谓语应该用现在完成时。句意：自从它开放后，林肯的家已经证明是让游客们不可抵挡地想去参观的。
4.【2021.6 浙江卷】Mary's niece wrote, pretty, "The little home 5 (paint) white.
【答案】was painted
【解析】考查一般过去时的被动语态。句意：这个小房子被粉刷成白色。房子被粉刷，所以用被动。动作发生在过去，所以用一般过去时。
5.【2021.1 浙江卷】 It is calculated by dividing a person’s weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI of between 19 and 25 4 (consider) healthy.
【答案】is considered
【解析】考查被动语态。句意：介于19-25的BMI数值被认为是健康的。分析句子结构a BMI of between 19 and 25 (consider) healthy.可知 Consider做谓语，主语是单数，根据句意谓语动词应为被动且时态为一般现在时，故答案为 is considered。
6.【2021.1 浙江卷】In cities, however, the gain 6 (be) 1.3 in women and 1.6 in men.
【答案】was
【解析】考查系动词。句意：然而在城市里，女人增长数值是1.3，男人增长为1.6。分析句子结构可知主the gain是单数且该句陈述过去研究数据时态为一般过去时，故答案为was。
7．【2021年天津卷第一次】We ________ quite enough work for the morning; now let's take a break.
A．have done B．will do C．had done D．were doing
【答案】A
【详解】考查时态。句意：今天上午我们做的工作够多的了，现在让我们休息一下吧。根据后半句“now let's take a break.”可知，做很多工作这件事情是从过去某个时间开始一直到现在，应用现在完成时。故选A。
8．【2021年天津卷第一次】Currently, about 35,000 works ________ in over 300 rooms in the Louvre, and it would take a lifetime to see everything.
A．were displaying B．are displaying
C．were being displayed D．are being displayed
【答案】D
【详解】考查时态和语态。目前，大约有35000件作品陈列在卢浮宫的300多个展室里，要看完所有的展品恐怕要花一辈子的时间。根据上文“Currently(目前)”可知，应该用现在进行时；display与主语works之间为被动关系，所以用现在进行时的被动。故选D。考点10主谓一致 （核心考点精讲精练）
1. 高考真题考点分布
考点 题型 谓语动词时态、被动语态、主谓一致
年份 试卷类型 考点 考向
语法填空 2024 2024·新课标I卷 ___60_walks__ (walk) 一般现在时与主谓一致
2024·新课标II卷 __38_were_(be); _41_be built__ (build) 一般过去时与主谓一致； 被动语态
2024·全国乙卷 __44_were__ (be) 一般过去时与主谓一致
2024·全国北京卷 ___13gives___ (give) 一般现在时与主谓一致
2024·年浙江1月 42_have started (start) 现在完成时与主谓一致
2023 2023·新课标I卷 / /
2023·新课标II卷 ___65 wished__ (wish) 一般过去时
2023·全国乙卷 was amazed; means; 一般过去时与主谓一致，一般现在时与主谓一致
2023·全国甲卷 / /
2023·年北京卷 would throw 13. had arrived has established 一般将来时； 过去完成时； 现在完成时与主谓一致
2023·年浙江1月 featured 一般过去时
2022 2022·新课标I卷 were; is designed 一般过去时与主谓一致；一般现在时表达语态与主谓一致
2022·新课标II卷 was fixing 43. threw 过去进行时与主谓一致；一般过去时
2022·全国乙卷 addressed 一般过去时
2022·全国甲卷 has walked 现在完成时与主谓一致
2022·年北京卷 caught; has; has increased 一般过去时； 一般现在时与主谓一致； 现在完成时与主谓一致
2022·年浙江1月 is viewed或has been viewed are；have promised 一般现在时被动语态与主谓一致； 主谓一致； 现在完成时被动语态与主谓一致
2. 命题规律及备考策略
【命题规律】
近3年新高考卷对于主谓一致的考查共计16次， 是考查的热点和重点，谓语动词主谓一致主要考查：
一般现在时中的主谓一致；‘’
一般过去时中的主谓一致；
3. 现在完成时中的主谓一致；
4. 被动语态中的主谓一致。
【备考策略】
1. 掌握主谓一致的三个原则：语法形态一致、逻辑意义一致和就近一致；
2. 掌握主谓一致中的固定搭配；
3. 掌握定语从句中的主谓一致；
4. 掌握倒装句、强调句中的主谓一致。
3.【命题预测】
预计2025年高考主谓一致仍然是考查的重点、难点和热点。主谓一致不会单独考查，一般会与名词、动词的时态和语态放在一起考查。
必备基础知识：
主谓一致是指谓语动词在人称和数上与主语一致，一般遵循三个原则：
语法一致原则：就是从语法形式上取得致,即主语为单数形式,谓语动词也采用单数形式;主语为复数形式,谓语动词亦为复数形式。
意义一致原则：就是从意义着眼来处理主谓语一致的问题。主语形式为单数,但意义为复数,谓语动词依意义而定,也采用复数形式。
就近一致原则：是指谓语动词的人称和数往往和与其最近的主语保持一致。
做题时还要保证时态及其他语法及词义的正确性。
01 语法一致原则
语法一致是指主语和谓语在单复数形式上的一致关系，主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；反之，谓语动词用复数形式。
My child has no intention of spending a vacation with me. 我的孩子不想与我一起度假。
My children have no intention of spending a vacation with me. 我的孩子们不想与我一起度假。
当主语后面接由as well as, accompanied by, including, in addition to, more than, no less than, rather than, with, together with等构成的词组时，其谓语动词的形式要依主语的单复数而定。在这样的句子里，这些词所引导的词组不影响主语自身的单复数形式，它们在句子里其实是状语。
Pronunciation as well as grammar changes quickly.
发音与语法一样变化很快。
由lots of, a lot of, a number of, plenty of等修饰的名词作主语时，谓语动词与所修饰的名词形式保持一致。
A great number of students who were invited to the party were from my school.
很多被邀来参加晚会的学生来自于我校。
A great deal of water is polluted every year.
每年大量的水被污染。
易混点：quantities/amounts of修饰名词时，谓语动词的单复数取决于quantity和amount的单复数形式。
Quantities of information are available on the Internet.
在网上可得到大量的信息。
定语从句中的谓语动词的单复数由其修饰的名词的单复数形式来确定；如果定语从句修饰前面的整个句子，从句中的谓语动词用单数。
Those who were praised at the meeting would be sent to America for further study.
在这次会议上被表扬的人将被派到美国深造。
Russia is upgrading its northern fleet, which includes 18 icebreakers.
俄罗斯正在升级它的北海舰队，准备增加18艘破冰船。
倒装句、强调句中的主谓一致
a．倒装句中谓语动词的数与后面的主语保持一致，即谓语后面的主语是单数，动词用单数；谓语后面的主语是复数，动词用复数。
A building stands in front of us.
→In front of us stands a building.
我们面前矗立着一栋楼。
b．在强调句中，如果被强调的成分是原来句子的主语，引导词that(或who)后面的谓语与被强调的成分在人称和数上保持一致。
It is Lily who is a doctor.
莉莉是一名医生。
动词不定式、动名词和从句作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式。
To learn a foreign language is not so difficult as you think.
学会一门外语并不像你想象的那么难。
That he has won the game is known to us all.
他赢了这场比赛是我们都知道的事。
Swimming in rivers in summer is a good sport, but to swim in rivers in winter needs great willpower.
夏天在河里游泳是很好的运动，但冬天在河里游泳需要极大的意志力。
注意：从句作主语时，若主句谓语部分为系表结构，主句谓语的数通常由作表语的名词/代词决定。
What they need is money while what we need most are textbooks.
他们需要的是钱，而我们最需要的是教科书。
1.【2024新课标Ⅰ卷】Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse ____60____ (walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for ____61the____ first time.
2.【2024全国甲卷】 They ____44____（be）part of a 15-member exploring party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there.
【2024届湖南省永州市高三下学期第三次模拟】 So far, from swiftly flowing river valleys to mist-covered mountains, dense forests and steep cliffs, wherever there is water and soil, terraces 4 (dig).
02 意义一致原则
and, both ... and ... 连接两个不同的主语，谓语动词用复数形式；但是如果由and连接的两个名词表示同一个人或物时，谓语动词须用单数形式。
Her teacher and her friends are on holiday.
她的老师和朋友们都在度假中。
The poet and writer has produced many works.
这位诗人兼作家写出了许多作品。
2.“no/each/every/many a＋单数名词＋and＋no/each/every/many a＋单数名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数。
Every boy and every girl wishes to attend the party to be held next Sunday.
每个男生和女生都希望参加下周日举行的聚会。
3.“a number of＋复数名词”表示“许多……”，作主语时，谓语动词用复数；“the number of＋复数名 词”表示“……的数量”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
A number of measures were being taken to protect the endangered animals
人们正采取各种措施保护濒危动物。
The number of staff has declined from 218,000 to 116,000.
员工人数从21.8万下降到了11.6万。
4.分数、百分数指代或修饰名词时，谓语动词的数与其所修饰的名词的数保持一致。the rest, the remaining/part ...，plenty of, a great deal of等＋主语，谓语动词应根据所表达的单复数意义而定。
The first part of the lecture was vivid but the remaining was very boring.
讲座的前半部分很生动，但后半部分非常枯燥。
About one third of the books are worth reading.
这些书中大约有1/3值得一读。
Only 60 percent of the work was finished yesterday.
昨天只干了60%的活。
5. 集体名词作主语时，若被看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式；若被看作是构成集体的一个个成员，谓语动词用复数形式。常见的集体名词有：family, class, team, group, public, committee, government, audience等。
The class consists of 25 boys and 20 girls.
这个班由25个男生和20个女生组成。
The class are doing experiments.
全班学生都在做实验。
6.示时间、距离、重量、金额等复数名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。
Three thousand miles is a long distance.
三千英里是一段很长的距离。
7.以 s/ ics结尾的学科名词，如physics, politics等及news作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
Bad news travels quickly.
[谚语]坏事传千里。
8. 单复数同形的名词，如：deer， sheep， fish， means， works， Chinese等作主语时，要视其意义来决定谓语动词的单复数形式。
All means have been tried.
所有方式都试过了。
Every means has been tried.
每一种方式都试过了。
“the+形容词”表示一类人，在句中作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
The wounded have been cured and the lost have been found.
受伤的人被治愈，同时失踪的人也被找到了.
1.【2024新课标ⅠⅠ卷】 “Some of the things that Tang was writing about ___38___ (be)also Shakespeare’s concerns.
2.【2019·新课标I卷·语法填空】 Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six ___70___ (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
1.（2023·浙江省金华十校模拟）Lake Powell, the second largest human-made reservoir (水库) in the US, has lost nearly 7% of its potential storage capacity since it ______ (build) in 1963.
2. 1. All we need _________ a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit
trees throughout the growing seasons of the year.
are B. was C. is D. were
03 就近一致原则
由or, either ... or ..., neither ... nor ..., not only ... but also ... , not ... but ... 等连接的并列主语，谓语动词常与最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。
Neither Jim nor his parents know anything about it.
吉姆和他母亲都不知道这件事。
在There be句型及Here开头的句子中，有两个或几个并列主语时，谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。
There is a pen, two knives and several books on the table.
桌子上有一支钢笔、两把小刀和几本书。
→There are two knives, a pen and several books on the table.
桌子上有两把小刀、一支钢笔和几本书。
many a/more than one＋单数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。
Many a parent was forced to go through this same painful process.
很多父母都被迫经历这一段痛苦的过程。
1．Either the manager or his assistants (is, are) to attend the meeting.
2．Not only the students but also the teacher (be) against the plan at that time.
1.To avoid gathering, neither the students nor their head teacher ________(be) going to the party this evening.
2.Not only some international stars but also the Chinese singer and dancer ______ （give）wonderful performances at the concert recently.
04 书面表达中主谓不一致易错点聚焦
英语的谓语动词在人称和数上必须与主语保持一致。由于受汉语的影响，许多同学在写作时经常忽略句子的主谓一致关系，从而出现错误。
例：Once one have time, he can do what he want to do.
人一旦有了时间，他就能想干什么就干什么。
解析：one是单数第三人称，因而本句的have应改为has；同理，want应改为wants，本句是典型的主谓不一致。
改为：Once one has time, he can do what he wants to do.
（最新模拟试题演练）
1.【2024届河南省濮阳市高三下学期二模】“The promotion of hanfu 39 (become) easier in recent years.
2.【2024届广东省惠州市高三下学期一模拟考试】Looking ahead, the museum souvenir market in China 50 (expect) to continue growing.
3.【2024届贵州省遵义市高三下学期第二次模拟测试】Chinese sauerkraut, a pickle which 3 (make) of Chinese cabbage, is a traditional specialty of the northeastern region and is now sold around the country 4 exported overseas.
4.【2024届山东省聊城市高三下学期二模】Chinese acrobatic (杂技) dates back to the Neolithic, when ancient people developed it from daily life for enjoyment and celebration. The use of daily items such as tables, chairs, bowls and plates 1 (be) common in their performances.
5.【2024届安徽省马鞍山市高三下学期三模】At the heart of the exhibition, Girl on a Swing 5 (surround) by block-color paintings and a recreated grassy area, reflecting the artist’s inner world with colors of golden cornfields, shining sun, and expansive greenery spreading out.
6.【2024届四川省眉山市仁寿县四川省仁寿第一中学校模拟】The Dongfeng Landing Site has a search zone of tens of thousands of square kilometers, which 5 (contain) desert, salt flats, as well as wetlands that make it challenging to find out 6 the reentry module might land.
7.【2024届四川省泸州市高三下学期三模】At the age of 6, she started to help her mother to make Su embroidery items, all of which 29 (sell)to support the family.
8.【2024届河南省开封市高三下学期三模】The precise locations of the shipwrecks and the associated cultural relics 36 (determine) through the use of oceanographic technology and underwater investigations involving manned submersibles, which conducted 41 dives throughout the year, as confirmed by Song Jianzhong, 37 researcher at the National Center for Archaeology.
9.【2024届内蒙古自治区赤峰市赤峰市三模】Before the new discovery, the fishing and hunting 45 (know) to be main activities in Hongshan ancestors’ life.
10.【2024届湖北省高三下学期新高考三模】Mid-Autumn Festival and Lunar New Year are as important to them in Australia as they 4 (be) in China, and will continue to be so.
11.【2024届安徽省合肥市高三下学期二模】Upon return, Huang 8 (appoint) chief scientist of China’s biggest deep earth exploration program.
12.【2024届江西省景德镇市高三下学期第三次质量检测】This type of embroidery 13 (feature) a bold use of brilliant colors.Chen Yunzhen, from Beichuan Qiang Autonomous County in Sichuan Province, is a master of Qiang embroidery.
13.【四川省成都市成实外教育联盟2023-2024学年高三下学期联考】This philosophy 38 (fascinate) and inspired people in China, as well as those in many Asian countries and more recently in the West, over the course of many centuries.
14.【2024届江西省新余市高三下学期二模】Cleaning must be done before the holiday, 46 (typical) in January or February, since sweeping after the festivities 47 (see) as removing good luck.
15.【2024届河南省通义大联考高三下学期最后一卷】“I’m just waiting. I trust my team. Once the decision 52 (make), I will review everything. Two years would be long, in the case of one year I might see.
16.【2024届河南省通义大联考高三下学期最后一卷】Guardiola is expected to leave when his current City deal 56 (end) next year but De Bruyne does not see that as a reason to move on himself.
17.【2024届河南省通义大联考高三下学期最后一卷】This is obvious 59 Man City lost the two Premier League matches which De Bruyne didn’t participate in, scoring none, and it 60 (be) De Bruyne himself contributing a whole lot to save Man City from being slashed by Real Madrid.
18.【2024届湖南省永州市高三下学期第三次模拟】Dazhai, a village 1 (surround) by mountains on all sides in Guangxi's Longsheng autonomous county of various ethnic groups, which boasts around 66 square kilometers of terraced (梯田形的) fields that have been cultivated for around 2,300 years, 2 (attract) tens of thousands of visitors every year.
19.20.【2024届辽宁省重点高中协作校联考高三下学期4月高考模拟】Porcelain is the creative fruit of 8 working people of ancient China. Since the Han and Tang Dynasties, porcelain 9 (export) worldwide.
【2024届四川省成都市金牛区成都外国语学校高三下学期零诊模拟】In an age of rapidly growing urbanization, rooftop farming has emerged as a sustainable response 1 the challenge of creating green space in cities. This innovative practice transforms rooftops into mini farms, where vegetables, fruits, and even flowers 2 (plant), providing local residents with fresh produce and adding a touch of nature to urban environments.
Rooftop farming, also 3 (refer) to as vertical agriculture, is more than just a trend; it’s a step towards environmental conservation. Green roofs with vegetation help to absorb sunlight and release moisture, cooling the air and reducing the demand for air conditioning, 4 in turn lessens energy 5 (consume) and carbon emission. Meanwhile, rooftop farms serve as educational platforms, 6 (teach) city dwellers about sustainable agriculture practices and the importance of 7 (local) sourced food.
As urban populations continue to grow, rooftop farming fosters community engagement 8 promotes healthier lifestyles by providing access to fresh and organic produce. When we look towards 9 future where environmental consciousness and sustainable practices become increasingly vital, rooftop farming stands as a testament to our ability to cultivate more than just food—we cultivate hope for a 10 (green) and more resilient (可迅速恢复的) world.
2024年
1.【2024新课标Ⅰ卷】Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse ____60____ (walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for ____61____ first time.
2.【2024全国甲卷】 They ____44____（be）part of a 15-member exploring party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there.
3.【2024新课标ⅠⅠ卷】 “Some of the things that Tang was writing about ___38___ (be)also Shakespeare’s concerns.
4.【2024新课标ⅠⅠ卷】Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, ___40___ (inspire)by The Peony Pavilion, ___41___ (build)at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace.
5.【2024北京卷】On April 5, 2024, John Tinniswood ___15___ (name) the world’s oldest living man.
6.【2024浙江1月卷】If your supermarket sells loose produce, then buying smaller quantities is easier. Over the last two years, some supermarkets ____42____ (start) selling chicken or salad in packs ____43____ (design) with two halves containing separate portions (份).
2023年
1.【2023年全国乙卷】 ____46____ (visit) several times over the last 10 years, I ____47____ (amaze) by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing. ...The ____49____ (remark) development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, _____50_____ (mean) there is always something new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years.
2.【2023年浙江1月卷】Citizens of higher social classes 59 (permit)to live closer to the center of the circles.
3.【2023年北京卷】For these reasons, they are praised as “coastal guardians”. Up to now, China ____16____(establish) a number of protected areas with mangroves.
2022年
1.【2022新高考I卷】The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that __________ (be)previously unprotected....After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. The GPNP __________ (design)to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性)of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, and leaving behind precious natural assets(资产)for future generations”.
2.【2022全国甲卷】In the last five years, Cao ___________ (walk) through 34 countries in six continents
3.【2022年浙江卷1月】Travelling to conferences, lectures, workshops, and the like frequently by plane ________（view） as important for scientists to get together and exchange information.
4.【2022年浙江卷1月】But Cobb and others ________ （be） now questioning that idea pushing conferences to provide more chances to participate remotely, and ________（change） their personal behavior to do their part in dealing with the climate change crisis. ...On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, roughly 200 academics —many of them climate scientists __________ （promise） to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago.
5.【2022年新高考2卷】Henry ___42___ (fix) his car when he heard the screams. He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony.
6.【2022年北京卷】 This has been adopted to ensure easier detection of gas leaks. Gas naturally ____16____ (have) no recognisable smell.7.【2022年北京卷】The use of those plastics ____20____ (increase) by 300% since 2019. The world won’t survive if this situation continues.
8.【2022年天津卷第二次】 Food and medical supplies________ to all the residents after the hurricane last Sunday.
A. distribute B. distributed
C. are distributed D. were distributed
9. 【2022年天津卷第二次】Critical reasoning, together with problem-solving, ________ teenagers to make better decisions.
A. prepare B. prepares
C. is preparing D. are preparing
2021年
1.【2021.6新高考1卷】What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can't help wondering how hard it 6 (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place.
2.【2021.6全国甲卷】It 1 (build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored（修复）.
3.【2021.6 浙江卷】It doesn't impress like George Washington's plantation on the Pohomac, but Lincoln's home in downtown Springfield, Illinois, 1 (prove) irresistible to visitors since it opened to the publie.
4.【2021.6 浙江卷】Mary's niece wrote, pretty, "The little home 5 (paint) white.
5.【2021.1 浙江卷】 It is calculated by dividing a person’s weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI of between 19 and 25 4 (consider) healthy.
6.【2021.1 浙江卷】In cities, however, the gain 6 (be) 1.3 in women and 1.6 in men.
7．【2021年天津卷第一次】We ________ quite enough work for the morning; now let's take a break.
A．have done B．will do C．had done D．were doing
8．【2021年天津卷第一次】Currently, about 35,000 works ________ in over 300 rooms in the Louvre, and it would take a lifetime to see everything.
A．were displaying B．are displaying
C．were being displayed D．are being displayed
