考点09被动语态（核心考点精讲精练）
1. 高考真题考点分布
考点 题型 谓语动词时态、被动语态、主谓一致
年份 试卷类型 考点 考向
语法填空 2024 2024·新课标I卷 ___60_walks__ (walk) 一般现在时与主谓一致
2024·新课标II卷 __38_were_(be); _41_be built__ (build) 一般过去时与主谓一致； 被动语态
2024·全国乙卷 __44_were__ (be) 一般过去时与主谓一致
2024·全国北京卷 ___13gives___ (give) 一般现在时与主谓一致
2024·年浙江1月 42_have started (start) 现在完成时与主谓一致
2023 2023·新课标I卷 / /
2023·新课标II卷 ___65 wished__ (wish) 一般过去时
2023·全国乙卷 was amazed; means; 一般过去时与主谓一致，一般现在时与主谓一致
2023·全国甲卷 / /
2023·年北京卷 would throw 13. had arrived has established 一般将来时； 过去完成时； 现在完成时与主谓一致
2023·年浙江1月 featured 一般过去时
2022 2022·新课标I卷 were; is designed 一般过去时与主谓一致；一般现在时表达语态与主谓一致
2022·新课标II卷 was fixing 43. threw 过去进行时与主谓一致；一般过去时
2022·全国乙卷 addressed 一般过去时
2022·全国甲卷 has walked 现在完成时与主谓一致
2022·年北京卷 caught; has; has increased 一般过去时； 一般现在时与主谓一致； 现在完成时与主谓一致
2022·年浙江1月 is viewed或has been viewed are；have promised 一般现在时被动语态与主谓一致； 主谓一致； 现在完成时被动语态与主谓一致
2. 命题规律及备考策略
【命题规律】
近3年新高考卷对于被动语态的考查共计3次，主要考查：
1.一般现在时的被动语态；
2.一般过去时的被动语态；
3. 现在完成时的被动语态。
【备考策略】
1. 掌握被动语态的基本时态变化；
2. 掌握被动语态的特殊结构形式；
3. 掌握不能用被动语态的几种情况；
4. 掌握主动形式表示被动意义的情况。
3.【命题预测】
预计2025年高考语法填空中谓语动词语态仍将是考查的重点和难点，会与动词的时态及其他的语法点结合起来进行考查。
必备基础知识：
被动语态（Passive Voice）是高考英语的一个重要语法项目。构成形式为“be+P.P.（过去分词）”。是动词的一种形式，用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。
英语的语态共有两种：主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者；被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
一般来说，只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。汉语往往用"被"、"受"、"给"等被动词来表示被动意义。如:
He opened the door.他打开了这扇门。(主动语态)
The door was opened.这扇门被打开了。(被动语态)
01 被动语态基本形式和意义
被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式，被动语态由be＋过去分词构成，be随时态的变化而变化。各种时态的被动语态形式为（以do为例）：
时 体 现在 过去 将来 过去将来
一般 is / am / are done was / were done will / shall be done would / should be done
进行 is / am / are being done was / were being done
完成 have / has been done had been done will / shall have been done would / should have been done
被动语态的特殊结构形式
(1)含有情态动词的被动语态的结构为：情态动词＋be＋过去分词
Something must be done to stop the water from being polluted.
必须采取措施来制止水受到污染。
(2) “get＋过去分词”式被动语态
在口语和非正式的语体中，常用“get＋过去分词”表示被动语态，其中get相当于be动词，起助动词的作用。这种形式一般用来谈论突然发生的事，通常只表示动作，不表示状态。
Some glasses got broken when we were moving.
我们搬家时有些玻璃杯被打碎了。
几种主动变被动的规则
（1）有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。
His mother gave him a present for his birthday.
可改为 He was given a present by his mother for his birthday. （间接宾语为主语）
A present was given to him by his mother for his birthday. （直接宾语为主语，需加介词to）
（2）当＂动词+宾语+宾语补足语＂结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动。
Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette.
可改为The boy was caught smoking a cigarette.
（3）在使役动词have, make, get以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。
Someone saw a stranger walk into the building.
可改为A stranger was seen to walk into the building.
（4）有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如＂动词＋介词＂，＂动词＋副词＂等，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。
The meeting is to be put off till Friday.(介词off不能遗漏)
当句子的谓语为say,believe,expect,think,know,write,consider,report等时,被动语态有两种形式:
(1)谓语动词用被动语态,动词不定式作主语补足语。
People said he was a smart boy.
可变为：
It was said that he was a smart boy.
He was said to be a smart boy
(2)用it作形式主语,真正的主语在后面用主语从句来表示。如:
类似句型有:It is said/known/suggested/believed/hoped/thought that...
02 不能用被动语态的几种情况：
（1）所有的不及物动词或不及物动词词组不能用于被动语态。
（2）表示状态的谓语动词，如：last、hold、benefit、contain、equal、fit等。
（3）表示归属的动词，如have、own、belong to等。
（4）表示＂希望、意图＂的动词，如：wish、want、hope、like、love、hate等。
（5）宾语是反身代词或相互代词时谓语动词用主动语态，不能用被动语态。
【2024新课标ⅠⅠ卷】Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, ___40inspired___ (inspire)by The Peony Pavilion, ___41___ (build)at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace.
1.【2024届广东省惠州市高三下学期一模拟考试】Looking ahead, the museum souvenir market in China 50 (expect) to continue growing.
2.（2023年人大附中高三试题）They were fixed on an iron plate with frames in a certain sequence. Then ink was painted and a piece of paper was laid down. A printed sheet (create) this way.
（最新模拟试题演练）
1.【安徽省蚌埠市皖北私立联考2023-2024学年高三下学期期中】As a traditional Chinese holiday, the Spring Festival 15 （characterize） by family reunions and wishes for prosperity in the upcoming year.
2.【2024届内蒙古呼和浩特市高三下学期二模考试】Besides, the algae can 29 (harvest) and used to produce fuel. Therefore, the building uses less energy and reduces the damage to the environment by generating its own renewable energy.
3.（湖北省新高考部分学校2023年高三质检）After the medal ceremony, the new Olympic champion (invite) to a press conference room to speak to the media.
4.【2024届贵州省遵义市高三下学期第二次模拟测试】Chinese sauerkraut, a pickle which 3 (make) of Chinese cabbage, is a traditional specialty of the northeastern region and is now sold around the country 4 exported overseas.
5.【2024届安徽省马鞍山市高三下学期三模】At the heart of the exhibition, Girl on a Swing 5 (surround) by block-color paintings and a recreated grassy area, reflecting the artist’s inner world with colors of golden cornfields, shining sun, and expansive greenery spreading out.
6.【2024届四川省攀枝花市高三下学期第三次统一考试】AI is causing huge challenges to exam 6 (equal). It is the biggest destructor since calculators 7 (allow) into math tests several years ago.
7.【2024届四川省泸州市高三下学期三模】At the age of 6, she started to help her mother to make Su embroidery items, all of which 29 (sell)to support the family.
8.【2024届河南省开封市高三下学期三模】The precise locations of the shipwrecks and the associated cultural relics 36 (determine) through the use of oceanographic technology and underwater investigations involving manned submersibles, which conducted 41 dives throughout the year, as confirmed by Song Jianzhong, 37 researcher at the National Center for Archaeology.
9.【2024届内蒙古自治区赤峰市赤峰市三模】Before the new discovery, the fishing and hunting 45 (know) to be main activities in Hongshan ancestors’ life.
10.【2024届广东省佛山市禅城区高三下学期统一调研测试】Recently she 4 (launch) six Citywalk routes in different cities on her social media account, aiming to offer visitors 5 experience to “walk in open-air museums.”
11.【2024届安徽省合肥市高三下学期二模】Upon return, Huang 8 (appoint) chief scientist of China’s biggest deep earth exploration program.
12.【2024届江西省新余市高三下学期二模】Cleaning must be done before the holiday, 46 (typical) in January or February, since sweeping after the festivities 47 (see) as removing good luck.
13.【2024届河南省通义大联考高三下学期最后一卷】“I’m just waiting. I trust my team. Once the decision 52 (make), I will review everything. Two years would be long, in the case of one year I might see.
14.【2024届湖南省永州市高三下学期第三次模拟】Its terraced fields follow 3 landform of the mountains, at heights ranging from 300 to 1,200 meters above sea level. So far, from swiftly flowing river valleys to mist-covered mountains, dense forests and steep cliffs, wherever there is water and soil, terraces 4 (dig).
15.【2024届辽宁省重点高中协作校联考高三下学期4月高考模拟】Porcelain is the creative fruit of 8 working people of ancient China. Since the Han and Tang Dynasties, porcelain 9 (export) worldwide.
16.（2023年山东省实验中学高三模拟）The crosstalk realizes its artistic presentation by means of imitation, talking, teasing, and singing. The jokes (hide) in the baofu, or “package”.
17.（2023年湖南省郴州市九校联盟高三）The Imperial Resort (list) in the directory of the world’s cultural heritages in 1994.
18.（2023年黑龙江省哈尔滨师范大学附属中学高三）A number of short films (upload) to date in Jiangsu Province and Fuzhou.
【2024·山东青岛·三模】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Lhasa, the second most populous urban area on the Tibetan Plateau, has been the administrative capital of Tibet since the mid-17th century. If you’ve ever had the chance 41 (visit) it, there are many places you. 42 (simple) cannot miss. The Jokhang Temple is like the ultimate hotspot for pilgrims (朝圣者), 43 total must to see. It stands as one of the most appealing sites in Tibet as it 44 (house) the statue of Shakyamuni Buddha that’s more than 2, 500 years old, with tons of people 45 (look) around. The temple surroundings have become quite commercialized over the years.
The Barkhor Street, 46 all high tech has been used to create a good atmosphere, is a popular place for 47 (local) and now for tourists. The local crew teamed up with the brainiacs from the Chinese Academy of Sciences and built this wireless street lamp network. No more 48 (mess) wires ruining your view so now you can become completely involved in the scenery 49 anything that turns your attention away.
You can find many surrounding sites attractive and get almost everything here: beautiful objects, a constant stream of tourists and some seriously passionate pilgrims. All this is 50 makes this place a magical one-of-a-kind destination.
2024年
1.【2024新课标ⅠⅠ卷】Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, ___40___ (inspire)by The Peony Pavilion, ___41___ (build)at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace.
2.【2024北京卷】On April 5, 2024, John Tinniswood ___15___ (name) the world’s oldest living man.
3.【2024浙江1月卷】However, though it’s nice to get a few cents off a pack of sausages, it would help even more if they could sometimes ____41____ (offer) in smaller packs. Even the biggest sausage fan doesn’t want to eat them every day.
2023年
1.【2023年全国甲卷】 Carson proves that a simple literal form that has been passed down through the ages can still ____50____ (employ) today to draw attention to important truths.
2.【2023年浙江1月卷】Citizens of higher social classes 59 (permit)to live closer to the center of the circles.
2022年
1.【2022新高考I卷】The GPNP __________ (design)to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性)of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, and leaving behind precious natural assets(资产)for future generations”.
2.【2022年浙江卷1月】Travelling to conferences, lectures, workshops, and the like frequently by plane ________（view） as important for scientists to get together and exchange information.
3.【2022年天津卷第二次】 Food and medical supplies________ to all the residents after the hurricane last Sunday.
A. distribute B. distributed
C. are distributed D. were distributed
2021年
1.【2021.6全国甲卷】It 1 (build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored（修复）.
2.【2021.6 浙江卷】Mary's niece wrote, pretty, "The little home 5 (paint) white.
3.【2021.1 浙江卷】 It is calculated by dividing a person’s weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI of between 19 and 25 4 (consider) healthy.
4．【2021年天津卷第一次】Currently, about 35,000 works ________ in over 300 rooms in the Louvre, and it would take a lifetime to see everything.
A．were displaying B．are displaying
C．were being displayed D．are being displayed
5. 【2021年天津卷第二次】Mark is a genius. By the time he graduated, he ________ jobs by a dozen computer companies.
A. has offered B. has been offered
C. had offered D. had been offered考点09被动语态（核心考点精讲精练）
1. 高考真题考点分布
考点 题型 谓语动词时态、被动语态、主谓一致
年份 试卷类型 考点 考向
语法填空 2024 2024·新课标I卷 ___60_walks__ (walk) 一般现在时与主谓一致
2024·新课标II卷 __38_were_(be); _41_be built__ (build) 一般过去时与主谓一致； 被动语态
2024·全国乙卷 __44_were__ (be) 一般过去时与主谓一致
2024·全国北京卷 ___13gives___ (give) 一般现在时与主谓一致
2024·年浙江1月 42_have started (start) 现在完成时与主谓一致
2023 2023·新课标I卷 / /
2023·新课标II卷 ___65 wished__ (wish) 一般过去时
2023·全国乙卷 was amazed; means; 一般过去时与主谓一致，一般现在时与主谓一致
2023·全国甲卷 / /
2023·年北京卷 would throw 13. had arrived has established 一般将来时； 过去完成时； 现在完成时与主谓一致
2023·年浙江1月 featured 一般过去时
2022 2022·新课标I卷 were; is designed 一般过去时与主谓一致；一般现在时表达语态与主谓一致
2022·新课标II卷 was fixing 43. threw 过去进行时与主谓一致；一般过去时
2022·全国乙卷 addressed 一般过去时
2022·全国甲卷 has walked 现在完成时与主谓一致
2022·年北京卷 caught; has; has increased 一般过去时； 一般现在时与主谓一致； 现在完成时与主谓一致
2022·年浙江1月 is viewed或has been viewed are；have promised 一般现在时被动语态与主谓一致； 主谓一致； 现在完成时被动语态与主谓一致
2. 命题规律及备考策略
【命题规律】
近3年新高考卷对于被动语态的考查共计3次，主要考查：
1.一般现在时的被动语态；
2.一般过去时的被动语态；
3. 现在完成时的被动语态。
【备考策略】
1. 掌握被动语态的基本时态变化；
2. 掌握被动语态的特殊结构形式；
3. 掌握不能用被动语态的几种情况；
4. 掌握主动形式表示被动意义的情况。
3.【命题预测】
预计2025年高考语法填空中谓语动词语态仍将是考查的重点和难点，会与动词的时态及其他的语法点结合起来进行考查。
必备基础知识：
被动语态（Passive Voice）是高考英语的一个重要语法项目。构成形式为“be+P.P.（过去分词）”。是动词的一种形式，用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。
英语的语态共有两种：主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者；被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
一般来说，只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。汉语往往用"被"、"受"、"给"等被动词来表示被动意义。如:
He opened the door.他打开了这扇门。(主动语态)
The door was opened.这扇门被打开了。(被动语态)
01 被动语态基本形式和意义
被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式，被动语态由be＋过去分词构成，be随时态的变化而变化。各种时态的被动语态形式为（以do为例）：
时 体 现在 过去 将来 过去将来
一般 is / am / are done was / were done will / shall be done would / should be done
进行 is / am / are being done was / were being done
完成 have / has been done had been done will / shall have been done would / should have been done
被动语态的特殊结构形式
(1)含有情态动词的被动语态的结构为：情态动词＋be＋过去分词
Something must be done to stop the water from being polluted.
必须采取措施来制止水受到污染。
(2) “get＋过去分词”式被动语态
在口语和非正式的语体中，常用“get＋过去分词”表示被动语态，其中get相当于be动词，起助动词的作用。这种形式一般用来谈论突然发生的事，通常只表示动作，不表示状态。
Some glasses got broken when we were moving.
我们搬家时有些玻璃杯被打碎了。
几种主动变被动的规则
（1）有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。
His mother gave him a present for his birthday.
可改为 He was given a present by his mother for his birthday. （间接宾语为主语）
A present was given to him by his mother for his birthday. （直接宾语为主语，需加介词to）
（2）当＂动词+宾语+宾语补足语＂结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动。
Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette.
可改为The boy was caught smoking a cigarette.
（3）在使役动词have, make, get以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。
Someone saw a stranger walk into the building.
可改为A stranger was seen to walk into the building.
（4）有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如＂动词＋介词＂，＂动词＋副词＂等，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。
The meeting is to be put off till Friday.(介词off不能遗漏)
当句子的谓语为say,believe,expect,think,know,write,consider,report等时,被动语态有两种形式:
(1)谓语动词用被动语态,动词不定式作主语补足语。
People said he was a smart boy.
可变为：
It was said that he was a smart boy.
He was said to be a smart boy
(2)用it作形式主语,真正的主语在后面用主语从句来表示。如:
类似句型有:It is said/known/suggested/believed/hoped/thought that...
02 不能用被动语态的几种情况：
（1）所有的不及物动词或不及物动词词组不能用于被动语态。
（2）表示状态的谓语动词，如：last、hold、benefit、contain、equal、fit等。
（3）表示归属的动词，如have、own、belong to等。
（4）表示＂希望、意图＂的动词，如：wish、want、hope、like、love、hate等。
（5）宾语是反身代词或相互代词时谓语动词用主动语态，不能用被动语态。
【2024新课标ⅠⅠ卷】Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, ___40inspired___ (inspire)by The Peony Pavilion, ___41___ (build)at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace.
41.【答案】was built
【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：两年后，一座六米高的亭子在菲斯花园落成，该花园距离莎士比亚故居仅十分钟步行路程，其灵感来自《牡丹亭》。这里为本句谓语动词，根据时间状语“Two years later”可知，本句时态为一般过去时；主语为“a six-meter-tall pavilion”，单数，和动词“build”之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填was built。
【方法指导】
被动语态中，be的人称和数要根据主语的人称和数变化。
1.【2024届广东省惠州市高三下学期一模拟考试】Looking ahead, the museum souvenir market in China 50 (expect) to continue growing.
50．考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：展望未来，中国博物馆纪念品市场有望继续增长。分析句子可知，句子主语the museum souvenir market与expect之间为被动关系，且句中缺少谓语动词，因此这里使用谓语动词的被动形式，且主语是单数，根据主谓一致原则，这里使用is expected。故填is expected。
2.（2023年人大附中高三试题）They were fixed on an iron plate with frames in a certain sequence. Then ink was painted and a piece of paper was laid down. A printed sheet (create) this way.
【答案】was created
【详解】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：一张印刷品通过这种方法被制作出来。分析句子可知，空处作谓语，文章描绘的是过去发生的事情，句子时态宜用一般过去时，create和主语A printed sheet之间是被动关系，需用一般过去时的被动语态，且主语是单数，be动词需用was。故填was created。
（最新模拟试题演练）
1.【安徽省蚌埠市皖北私立联考2023-2024学年高三下学期期中】As a traditional Chinese holiday, the Spring Festival 15 （characterize） by family reunions and wishes for prosperity in the upcoming year.
15．考查短语和时态。句意：作为中国的传统节日，春节的特点是家庭团聚，并祝愿来年繁荣昌盛。be characteriz/sed by“以……为特点”为固定短语，陈述事实，为一般现在时。 故填is characterized/is characterised。
2.【2024届内蒙古呼和浩特市高三下学期二模考试】Besides, the algae can 29 (harvest) and used to produce fuel. Therefore, the building uses less energy and reduces the damage to the environment by generating its own renewable energy.
29．考查语态。句意：此外，藻类可以被收获并用于生产燃料。主语the algae和harvest之间是动宾关系，应用被动语态，空前有情态动词can，这里应用be done的形式。故填be harvested。
3.（湖北省新高考部分学校2023年高三质检）After the medal ceremony, the new Olympic champion (invite) to a press conference room to speak to the media.
【答案】was invited
【解析】考查动词时态和语态。句意：颁奖仪式结束后，这位新的奥运冠军被邀请到新闻发布厅向媒体发表讲话。分析句子可知，此处为谓语动词的填入，champion和invite为被动关系，结合上下文时态可知，此处为描述故去发生的事情，所以为一般过去时的被动语态结构，主语是单数，be动词应用was。故填was invited。
4.【2024届贵州省遵义市高三下学期第二次模拟测试】Chinese sauerkraut, a pickle which 3 (make) of Chinese cabbage, is a traditional specialty of the northeastern region and is now sold around the country 4 exported overseas.
3．考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：中国酸菜是一种由白菜制成的泡菜，是东北地区的传统特产，现在销往全国各地并出口到海外。make(制作)是定语从句中谓语动词，与主语which(即先行词a pickle)之间是被动关系，描述客观事实，应使用一般现在时态，又因主语是单数名词，所以谓语动词也应使用单数形式。综上，谓语应用一般现在时的被动语态，单数形式。故填is made。
4．考查连词。句意：中国酸菜是一种由白菜制成的泡菜，是东北地区的传统特产，现在销往全国各地并出口到海外。exported和sold之间是并列谓语动词，用连词and连接。故填and。
5.【2024届安徽省马鞍山市高三下学期三模】At the heart of the exhibition, Girl on a Swing 5 (surround) by block-color paintings and a recreated grassy area, reflecting the artist’s inner world with colors of golden cornfields, shining sun, and expansive greenery spreading out.
5．考查动词时态，被动语态和主谓一致。句意：在展览的中心，Girl on a Swing被色块画和重建的草地包围着，用金色的玉米地、灿烂的阳光和广阔的绿色植物的颜色反映了艺术家的内心世界。空格处作谓语，主语Girl on a Swing为第三人称单数，且根据句意为一般过去时，主语和动词surround之间为被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was surrounded。
6.【2024届四川省攀枝花市高三下学期第三次统一考试】AI is causing huge challenges to exam 6 (equal). It is the biggest destructor since calculators 7 (allow) into math tests several years ago.
6．考查名词。句意：人工智能正在给考试公平带来巨大挑战。作宾语，应用名词equality，不可数。故填equality。
7．考查时态语态。句意：这是自几年前计算器被允许进入数学考试以来最大的破坏者。主语calculators与谓语构成被动关系，根据后文several years ago可知为一般过去时的被动语态，谓语用复数。故填were allowed。
7.【2024届四川省泸州市高三下学期三模】At the age of 6, she started to help her mother to make Su embroidery items, all of which 29 (sell)to support the family.
29．考查动词时态语态。句意：16岁起，她就开始帮助母亲制作苏绣品，靠卖苏绣品来维持一家人的生计。此处为一般过去时，items和sell是被动关系，用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是复数，谓语也用复数。故填were sold。
8.【2024届河南省开封市高三下学期三模】The precise locations of the shipwrecks and the associated cultural relics 36 (determine) through the use of oceanographic technology and underwater investigations involving manned submersibles, which conducted 41 dives throughout the year, as confirmed by Song Jianzhong, 37 researcher at the National Center for Archaeology.
36．考查动词时态和语态。句意：据国家考古中心研究员宋建忠证实，沉船和相关文物的精确位置是通过使用海洋学技术和水下调查确定的，其中包括载人潜水器，全年进行了41次潜水。分析句子，设空处使用动词作谓语。句中The precise locations of the shipwrecks and the associated cultural relics与determine之间是被动关系，同时句子表述过去事实，故使用一般过去时的被动语态。故填were determined。
37．考查冠词。句意：同上。句中researcher为可数名词，设空处应该使用冠词，此处表示泛指，且researcher首字母为辅音音素。故填a。
9.【2024届内蒙古自治区赤峰市赤峰市三模】Before the new discovery, the fishing and hunting 45 (know) to be main activities in Hongshan ancestors’ life.
45．考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：在新发现之前，捕鱼和狩猎是红山祖先生活的主要活动。空处作句子的谓语，结合“Before the new discovery”可知，此处在叙述过去发生的事情，时态应用一般过去时，know和主语the fishing and hunting之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，且主语是复数，be动词应用were。故填were known。
10.【2024届广东省佛山市禅城区高三下学期统一调研测试】Recently she 4 (launch) six Citywalk routes in different cities on her social media account, aiming to offer visitors 5 experience to “walk in open-air museums.”
4．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：最近，她在自己的社交媒体账户上推出了六条不同城市的城市步行路线，旨在为游客提供“在露天博物馆散步”的体验。根据时间状语Recently可知，句子应用现在完成时态，主语为she，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式，即has launched。故填has launched。
5．考查冠词。句意：最近，她在自己的社交媒体账户上推出了六条不同城市的城市步行路线，旨在为游客提供“在露天博物馆散步”的体验。空后experience表示“经历，体验”，此处泛指一次体验，所以空处应用不定冠词，experience以元音音素开头，应用不定冠词an。故填an。
11.【2024届安徽省合肥市高三下学期二模】Upon return, Huang 8 (appoint) chief scientist of China’s biggest deep earth exploration program.
8．考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：回国后，黄被任命为中国最大的深地探测项目的首席科学家。陈述过去的事实，使用一般过去时，Huang和appoint为被动关系，需用被动语态，主语为Huang，be动词用was。故填was appointed。
12.【2024届江西省新余市高三下学期二模】Cleaning must be done before the holiday, 46 (typical) in January or February, since sweeping after the festivities 47 (see) as removing good luck.
46．考查副词。句意：大扫除必须在节前完成，通常是在1月或2月，因为在庆祝活动结束后大扫除被视为会带走好运。此空为副词作状语修饰介词短语，typical的副词为typically意为“通常”符合句意。故填typically。
47．考查谓语动词。句意：大扫除必须在节前完成，通常是在1月或2月，因为在庆祝活动结束后大扫除被视为会带走好运。此空为谓语动词，结合句意可知，此处讲述的是经常性发生的动作，所以此处使用一般现在时，see与主语sweeping after the festivities之间为被动关系，用被动语态，且主语为动名词短语，所以谓语动词应为单数。故填is seen。
13.【2024届河南省通义大联考高三下学期最后一卷】“I’m just waiting. I trust my team. Once the decision 52 (make), I will review everything. Two years would be long, in the case of one year I might see.
52．考查时态语态。句意：一旦做出决定，我会重新审视一切。主语decision与谓语构成被动关系，且主句为一般将来时，从句用一般现在时的被动语态，谓语用单数。故填is made。
14.【2024届湖南省永州市高三下学期第三次模拟】Its terraced fields follow 3 landform of the mountains, at heights ranging from 300 to 1,200 meters above sea level. So far, from swiftly flowing river valleys to mist-covered mountains, dense forests and steep cliffs, wherever there is water and soil, terraces 4 (dig).
3．考查冠词。句意：它的梯田是遵循山的地形而建，海拔高度从300米到1200米不等。此处意为“……的地形”，特指山的地形，landform是辅音音素开头，表达为the landform of…，故填the。
4．考查时态和语态。句意：到目前为止，从湍急的河谷到薄雾笼罩的山脉、茂密的森林和陡峭的悬崖，无论哪里有水和土壤，都可以挖出梯田。此处作谓语动词，主语为terraces，复数，主语terraces与dig之间为被动关系，且时间状语为so far，故应用现在完成时，故填have been dug。
15.【2024届辽宁省重点高中协作校联考高三下学期4月高考模拟】Porcelain is the creative fruit of 8 working people of ancient China. Since the Han and Tang Dynasties, porcelain 9 (export) worldwide.
8．考查冠词。句意：瓷器是中国古代劳动人民创造的成果。此处特指“中国古代劳动人民”，前应用定冠词修饰。故填the。
9．考查动词时态，语态和主谓一致。句意：自汉唐以来，瓷器已经出口到世界各地:它促进了中国与外部世界的经济和文化交流，并极大地影响了其他国家人民的传统文化和生活方式。export作本句谓语，和主语porcelain之间是被动关系，用被动语态，根据标志词since可知，用现在完成时，主语porcelain为第三人称单数。故填has been exported。
16.（2023年山东省实验中学高三模拟）The crosstalk realizes its artistic presentation by means of imitation, talking, teasing, and singing. The jokes (hide) in the baofu, or “package”.
【答案】are hidden
【解析】考查时态语态。句意：这些笑话都藏在“包袱”里。主语与谓语构成被动关系，且陈述客观事实，所以用一般现在时的被动语态，主语为jokes，谓语用复数。故填are hidden。
17.（2023年湖南省郴州市九校联盟高三）The Imperial Resort (list) in the directory of the world’s cultural heritages in 1994.
【答案】was listed
【解析】考查动词时态和语态。句意：1994年被列入世界文化遗产名录。此处为句子的谓语部分，单数主语与动词list“列为”之间存在被动关系，应使用被动语态，根据后文in 1994可知为一般过去时的被动语态，故填was listed。
18.（2023年黑龙江省哈尔滨师范大学附属中学高三）A number of short films (upload) to date in Jiangsu Province and Fuzhou.
【答案】have been uploaded
【解析】考查动词时态语态。句意：到目前为止，江苏和福州已经上传了一些短片。根据“to date”可知，此处使用现在完成时，主语为A number of short films，和upload为被动关系，需用被动语态，主语为复数名词，助动词用have。故填have been uploaded。
【2024·山东青岛·三模】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Lhasa, the second most populous urban area on the Tibetan Plateau, has been the administrative capital of Tibet since the mid-17th century. If you’ve ever had the chance 41 (visit) it, there are many places you. 42 (simple) cannot miss. The Jokhang Temple is like the ultimate hotspot for pilgrims (朝圣者), 43 total must to see. It stands as one of the most appealing sites in Tibet as it 44 (house) the statue of Shakyamuni Buddha that’s more than 2, 500 years old, with tons of people 45 (look) around. The temple surroundings have become quite commercialized over the years.
The Barkhor Street, 46 all high tech has been used to create a good atmosphere, is a popular place for 47 (local) and now for tourists. The local crew teamed up with the brainiacs from the Chinese Academy of Sciences and built this wireless street lamp network. No more 48 (mess) wires ruining your view so now you can become completely involved in the scenery 49 anything that turns your attention away.
You can find many surrounding sites attractive and get almost everything here: beautiful objects, a constant stream of tourists and some seriously passionate pilgrims. All this is 50 makes this place a magical one-of-a-kind destination.
【答案】41．to visit 42．simply 43．a 44．houses 45．looking 46．where 47．locals 48．messy 49．without 50．what
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了拉萨这座城市以及其主要景点。
41．考查非谓语动词。句意：如果你有机会参观这里，有许多地方是你不能错过的。修饰名词chance，需用动词不定式作后置定语。故填to visit。
42．考查副词。句意同上。修饰动词miss，需用副词simply作状语。故填simply。
43．考查冠词。句意：大昭寺是朝圣者必去的地方，绝对值得一看。must为可数名词，此处表示泛指，且total发音以辅音音素开头，需用不定冠词a修饰。故填a。
44．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：它是西藏最具吸引力的地方之一，因为这里供奉着一尊超过2500年历史的释迦牟尼佛像，吸引了众多游客前来参观。根据“stands”可知，此处使用一般现在时，主语为it，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填houses。
45．考查非谓语动词。句意同上。“with+宾语+宾语补足语”为固定用法，tons of people和look为逻辑主谓关系，需用现在分词形式作宾语补足语。故填looking。
46．考查定语从句。句意：八廓街是一个当地人以及现在游客都喜欢的地方，那里已经用上了所有的高科技来创造一个好的氛围。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词The Barkhor Street，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，需用关系副词where引导。故填where。
47．考查名词。句意同上。空处需填名词作宾语，此处表示泛指，且没有冠词限定，需填名词复数形式。故填locals。
48．考查形容词。句意：再也没有杂乱的电线破坏你的视线，所以你现在可以完全沉浸在风景中，没有任何东西会分散你的注意力。修饰名词wires，需用形容词messy，作定语。故填messy。
49．考查介词。句意同上。表示“没有”应用介词without。故填without。
50．考查表语从句。句意：所有这些都使这个地方成为了一个神奇而独特的旅游目的地。空处引导表语从句，从句缺少主语，指物，需用连接代词what引导。故填what。
2024年
1.【2024新课标ⅠⅠ卷】Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, ___40___ (inspire)by The Peony Pavilion, ___41___ (build)at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace.
40.【答案】inspired
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：两年后，一座六米高的亭子在菲斯花园落成，该花园距离莎士比亚故居仅十分钟步行路程，其灵感来自《牡丹亭》。非谓语动词担当后置定语，被修饰词“a six-meter-tall pavilion”和动词“inspire”之间为被动关系，用过去分词形式。故填inspired。
41.【答案】was built
【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：两年后，一座六米高的亭子在菲斯花园落成，该花园距离莎士比亚故居仅十分钟步行路程，其灵感来自《牡丹亭》。这里为本句谓语动词，根据时间状语“Two years later”可知，本句时态为一般过去时；主语为“a six-meter-tall pavilion”，单数，和动词“build”之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填was built。
2.【2024北京卷】On April 5, 2024, John Tinniswood ___15___ (name) the world’s oldest living man.
【15题详解】
考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：2024年4月5日，约翰·廷尼斯伍德被评为世界上在世最长寿的人。根据时间状语On April 5, 2024可知，此处描述过去发生的事，句子应用一般过去时；name与主语John Tinniswood之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，主语John Tinniswood是单数，be动词使用was。故填was named。
3.【2024浙江1月卷】However, though it’s nice to get a few cents off a pack of sausages, it would help even more if they could sometimes ____41____ (offer) in smaller packs. Even the biggest sausage fan doesn’t want to eat them every day.
【41题详解】
考查含有情态动词的被动语态。句意：然而，虽然一包香肠能便宜几美分是件好事，但如果有时能以小包装出售，那就更好了。动词offer意为“提供”，和主语构成被动关系，主语they代指前文中的sausages。在情态动词could后动词应用原形。故填be offered。
2023年
1.【2023年全国甲卷】 Carson proves that a simple literal form that has been passed down through the ages can still ____50____ (employ) today to draw attention to important truths.
【50题详解】
考查语态。句意：卡森证明了一种简单的抒情形式，已经代代相传，今天仍然可以用来吸引人们对重要真理的关注。从句主语a simple lyric form与employ之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。情态动词can后接动词原形。故填be employed。
2.【2023年浙江1月卷】Citizens of higher social classes 59 (permit)to live closer to the center of the circles.
【答案】were permitted
【解析】考查动词的被动语态。句意：高等阶层的公民被允许住在离中心地带更近的地方。分析句子结构可知，空格处在句中作谓语，和主语Citizens of higher social classes构成被动关系，因为是对过去事实的陈述应用一般过去时。故填were permitted。
2022年
1.【2022新高考I卷】The GPNP __________ (design)to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性)of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, and leaving behind precious natural assets(资产)for future generations”.
答案：is designed
解析：考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：GPNP旨在体现“保护自然生态系统的真实性和完整性，保护生物多样性，保护生态缓冲区，为子孙后代留下宝贵的自然资产”的指导原则。设空处在句中作谓语，和句子的主语The GPNP之间为被动关系；叙述客观事实，应用一般现在时。故设空处应为一般现在时的被动语态，主语单数，谓语单数形式。故填is designed。
2.【2022年浙江卷1月】Travelling to conferences, lectures, workshops, and the like frequently by plane ________（view） as important for scientists to get together and exchange information.
答案：is viewed或has been viewed
解析：考查被动语态。句意：对科学家而言，旅行去参加会议、讲座、工作室之类的地方来相聚并交流信息这件事被视为是重要的。描述人们普遍认知的事情用一般现在时，此处也可以表示强调人们从过去到现在的认知，动名词作主语与主谓之间存在被动关系，故填is viewed或has been viewed。
3.【2022年天津卷第二次】 Food and medical supplies________ to all the residents after the hurricane last Sunday.
A. distribute B. distributed
C. are distributed D. were distributed
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。句意：上周日飓风过后，食品和药品供给被分发给了所有居民。分析句子成分可知，Food and medical supplies作主语，为复数，与动词distribute“分发”为动宾关系，故需要用被动语态be distributed；根据后文last Sunday“上周日”可知，句子需要用一般过去时态，故be动词要用were。故选D项。
2021年
1.【2021.6全国甲卷】It 1 (build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored（修复）.
【答案】was built ;
【解析】考查动词的时态/语态以及主谓一致。根据句子结构可知，空格填写谓语动词， 又因it指代前面The Xi'an City Wall，和build是被动关系，且是在 the Tang dynasty被建立，故用过去式的被动语态。本句句意：它最初是在唐代为保护这座城市而建的，现在已经完全修复。故填was built。
2.【2021.6 浙江卷】Mary's niece wrote, pretty, "The little home 5 (paint) white.
【答案】was painted
【解析】考查一般过去时的被动语态。句意：这个小房子被粉刷成白色。房子被粉刷，所以用被动。动作发生在过去，所以用一般过去时。
3.【2021.1 浙江卷】 It is calculated by dividing a person’s weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI of between 19 and 25 4 (consider) healthy.
【答案】is considered
【解析】考查被动语态。句意：介于19-25的BMI数值被认为是健康的。分析句子结构a BMI of between 19 and 25 (consider) healthy.可知 Consider做谓语，主语是单数，根据句意谓语动词应为被动且时态为一般现在时，故答案为 is considered。
4．【2021年天津卷第一次】Currently, about 35,000 works ________ in over 300 rooms in the Louvre, and it would take a lifetime to see everything.
A．were displaying B．are displaying
C．were being displayed D．are being displayed
【答案】D
【详解】考查时态和语态。目前，大约有35000件作品陈列在卢浮宫的300多个展室里，要看完所有的展品恐怕要花一辈子的时间。根据上文“Currently(目前)”可知，应该用现在进行时；display与主语works之间为被动关系，所以用现在进行时的被动。故选D。
5. 【2021年天津卷第二次】Mark is a genius. By the time he graduated, he ________ jobs by a dozen computer companies.
A. has offered B. has been offered
C. had offered D. had been offered
【答案】D
【解析】考查过去完成时的被动语态。句意：马克是个天才。到他毕业的时候，已经有十几家电脑公司给他提供了工作机会。该句是复合句，含By the time引导的时间状语从句，主句动作先于从句动作，且主句主语he和谓语动词offer之间是被动关系，是过去完成时的被动语态。故选D。
