八年级下册英语Unit 1 What's the matter 单元语法学案（含答案）

Unit 1 What’s the Matter 单元语法
一、语法知识聚焦
（一）询问与描述健康问题的句型
1. 基本句型
询问症状：
What’s the matter (with you/him/her)
例句：What’s the matter with Lisa She looks pale.
What’s wrong / What happened
例句：What’s wrong You’re holding your stomach.
描述症状：
主语 + have/has + 症状（a headache, a sore throat, etc.）
例句：I have a fever. / He has a stomachache.
主语 + feel(s) + 形容词（sick, dizzy, tired, etc.）
例句：She feels nauseous. / They feel exhausted.
2. 扩展句型
询问持续时间：
How long have you felt like this
例句：How long have you had this cough
询问原因：
Why do you think this happened
例句：Why do you think your leg hurts
（二）情态动词 should / shouldn’t 的用法
1. 功能：用于给出建议或劝告。
2. 结构：
肯定句：主语 + should + 动词原形
例句：You should drink warm water.
否定句：主语 + shouldn’t + 动词原形
例句：She shouldn’t eat spicy food.
3. 常见搭配：
See a doctor（看医生）、take medicine（服药）、rest（休息）、stay in bed（卧床）。
例句：He should take some pills. / They shouldn’t stay up late.
（三）身体部位与症状词汇
1. 常见身体部位：
Head（头）、stomach（胃）、throat（喉咙）、back（背部）、leg（腿）、arm（手臂）。
2. 常见症状：
Headache（头痛）、sore throat（喉咙痛）、cough（咳嗽）、fever（发烧）、runny nose（流鼻涕）、bruise（瘀伤）。
（四）现在进行时与一般现在时的对比
1. 现在进行时：描述当前正在发生的症状或动作。
结构：主语 + am/is/are + 动词-ing
例句：She is coughing badly. / My leg is hurting.
2. 一般现在时：描述常规健康习惯或长期状态。
结构：主语 + 动词原形/第三人称单数
例句：I always wash my hands before meals. / He exercises every day.
（五）祈使句用于健康建议
1. 结构：动词原形开头（省略主语）。
肯定祈使句：Drink more water. / Take a deep breath.
否定祈使句：Don’t touch your eyes. / Don’t skip meals.
（六）连词 because 与 so 的用法
1. Because 表原因，so 表结果，二者不可连用。
例句：
She stayed home because she had a cold.
He ate too much ice cream, so he got a stomachache.
二、学以致用
（一）动词填空
1. You ________ (should / shouldn’t) drink cold water if you have a sore throat.
2. My brother ________ (have) a headache right now. He ________ (lie) on the bed.
3. “What ________ (be) the matter ” the teacher asked. “I ________ (feel) dizzy,” said Tom.
4. They ________ (not eat) junk food because it ________ (make) them sick.
5. ________ (not run) with a full stomach! You ________ (should) rest for 10 minutes.
（二）句型转换
1. He should take medicine.（改为否定句）
→ He ________ ________ take medicine.
2. “I have a fever,” she said.（改为间接引语）
→ She said ________ ________ a fever.
3. They are playing basketball now.（用一般现在时改写）
→ They ________ basketball every weekend.
4. Because it’s raining, we stayed indoors.（用 so 改写）
→ It’s raining, ________ we stayed indoors.
（三）语法填空
Last week, my friend Amy 1________ (complain) of a stomachache. She 2________ (eat) too much ice cream at the party. I told her she 3________ (should) drink some ginger tea. However, she 4________ (not listen) and 5________ (go) to school the next day. During class, she 6________ (feel) worse, so the teacher 7________ (send) her to the nurse. The nurse said, “You 8________ (stay) in bed today!”
（四）阅读理解
A Visit to the Doctor
Tom woke up with a sore throat and a runny nose. His mother said, “You should see a doctor.” At the clinic, the doctor asked, “What’s the matter ” Tom answered, “I feel cold and my head hurts.” The doctor checked his temperature and said, “You have a fever. You shouldn’t go to school today. Take this medicine and rest.”
1. What were Tom’s symptoms
A. Sore throat and cough.
B. Sore throat and runny nose.
C. Stomachache and fever.
2. What did the doctor advise Tom to do
A. Go to school.
B. Take medicine and rest.
C. Eat ice cream.
（五）翻译句子
1. 如果你的背痛，不应该提重物。
→ ________________________________________
2. 她因为发烧所以需要卧床休息。
→ ________________________________________
3. “你怎么了？” 医生问道，“我咳嗽得很厉害。”
→ ________________________________________
答案
（一）动词填空
1. shouldn’t
2. has; is lying
3. is; feel
4. shouldn’t eat; makes
5. Don’t run; should
（二）句型转换
1. shouldn’t
2. she had
3. play
4. so
（三）语法填空
1. complained
2. ate
3. should
4. didn’t listen
5. went
6. felt
7. sent
8. should stay
（四）阅读理解
1. B
2. B
（五）翻译句子
1. If your back hurts, you shouldn’t lift heavy things.
2. She needs to stay in bed because she has a fever.
3. “What’s the matter ” the doctor asked. “I have a bad cough,” I said.