八年级下册英语Unit 7 What's the highest mountain in the world 单元语法练习（含答案）

Unit 7 What's the highest mountain in the world单元语法
一、语法知识聚焦
（一）形容词和副词最高级的概念
在英语中，当我们需要对三个或三个以上的人或事物进行比较，以表示其中某一个在某方面“最……”时，就要用到形容词或副词的最高级形式。例如，在比较多座山峰的高度时，我们会说“Qomolangma is the highest mountain in the world.（珠穆朗玛峰是世界上最高的山峰）” ，这里“the highest”就是形容词high的最高级形式，表明在世界所有山峰中，珠穆朗玛峰的高度处于最顶尖的位置。同样，描述多个动作执行的程度时，会用到副词最高级，如“He runs the fastest in our class.（他在我们班跑得最快）”，“the fastest”是副词fast的最高级，突出在班级这个范围内，他跑步的速度是最快的。
（二）形容词最高级的构成
1. 规则变化
一般情况：在形容词原形后直接加 -est。例如：tall（高的）变为tallest（最高的）；long（长的）变为longest（最长的）。示例：This is the tallest building in the city.（这是这座城市里最高的建筑。）
以不发音的e结尾：在词尾直接加 -st。比如：nice（美好的）变为nicest（最美好的）；large（大的）变为largest（最大的）。例句：It's the nicest park I've ever been to.（这是我去过的最好的公园。）
以“辅音字母 + y”结尾：先把y变为i，再加 -est 。像happy（快乐的）变为happiest（最快乐的）；busy（忙碌的）变为busiest（最忙碌的）。如：She is the happiest girl in our class.（她是我们班最快乐的女孩。）
重读闭音节且末尾只有一个辅音字母：先双写这个辅音字母，再加 -est。例如：big（大的）变为biggest（最大的）；hot（热的）变为hottest（最热的）。句子：This is the biggest apple I've seen.（这是我见过的最大的苹果。）
2. 不规则变化：英语中有一些形容词的最高级变化是不规则的，需要特别记忆。常见的如：good/well（好的）变为best（最好的）；bad/badly（坏的）变为worst（最坏的）；many/much（多的）变为most（最多的）；little（少的）变为least（最少的）；far（远的）变为farthest（最远的，指距离）/furthest（最远的，也可指程度上的深远）。例如：This is the best movie I've watched this year.（这是我今年看过的最好的电影。）；He has the least money among us.（在我们当中他的钱最少。）
（三）副词最高级的构成
1. 规则变化
一般情况：多数副词是在其原形后加 -est构成最高级。例如：fast（快地）变为fastest（最快地）；hard（努力地）变为hardest（最努力地）。例句：He runs the fastest in the race.（他在比赛中跑得最快。）；She studies the hardest in her class.（她在班上学习最努力。）
以ly结尾的副词：在副词前加most构成最高级。比如：carefully（仔细地）变为most carefully（最仔细地）；slowly（缓慢地）变为most slowly（最缓慢地）。如：The girl dances most gracefully.（这个女孩跳舞最优雅。）
2. 不规则变化：与形容词类似，部分副词也有不规则的最高级变化，像well（好地）变为best（最好地）；badly（糟糕地）变为worst（最糟糕地）。例如：He plays basketball best in our school team.（他在我们校队里篮球打得最好。）
（四）形容词和副词最高级的用法
1. 形容词最高级的用法
作定语：形容词最高级前通常要加定冠词the，修饰名词，放在名词前面。例如：The Yangtze River is the longest river in China.（长江是中国最长的河流。）这里“the longest”修饰“river”，表明长江在长度方面在中国所有河流中处于首位。
作表语：用于描述主语的特征或状态，最高级前一般也加the。如：This book is the most interesting of all.（在所有书中，这本书是最有趣的。）
当形容词最高级前有物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等限定词修饰时，不再加the。例如：Monday is my busiest day of the week.（星期一是我一周中最忙碌的一天。）“my”是物主代词，修饰“busiest day”，此时不用再加the。
2. 副词最高级的用法
副词最高级修饰动词时，前面的the可以省略。例如：He jumps (the) highest in our class.（他在我们班跳得最高。）这里“(the) highest”修饰“jumps”，the可有可无，表达的意思不变。
在含有副词最高级的句子中，常带有表示比较范围的短语或从句，如“in + 范围”“of all”“among...”等。例如：Among these students, she sings most beautifully.（在这些学生当中，她唱歌最动听。）“Among these students”明确了比较的范围是这些学生。
（五）形容词和副词最高级的常见句型
1. “主语 + be + the + 形容词最高级 +（名词）+ in/of短语”：表示“某人/某物在某范围内是最……的” 。其中，“in + 范围”表示在一个大的空间、时间等范围内；“of + 群体”表示在一群人或事物中。例如：Tom is the tallest boy in his class.（汤姆是他班上最高的男孩。）“in his class”是空间范围；This is the most delicious food of all the dishes.（这是所有菜肴中最美味的食物。）“of all the dishes”指在所有菜肴这个群体中。
2. “主语 + 实义动词 +（the）+ 副词最高级 + in/of短语”：用于描述某人在某个范围内做某事的程度最高。如：He writes (the) most carefully in his group.（他在小组里写字最认真。）“in his group”表明比较范围。
3. “one of the + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数 + in/of短语”：意思是“……是……中最……之一” 。例如：China is one of the most important countries in the world.（中国是世界上最重要的国家之一。）体现了中国在世界众多国家中具有重要地位，且重要程度处于前列。
4. “the + 序数词 + 形容词最高级 + 名词 + in/of短语”：表示“在……中是第几……的” 。例如：The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.（黄河是中国第二长河。）明确了黄河在中国河流长度排名中位居第二。
（六）形容词和副词最高级与比较级的区别
1. 比较对象数量不同：比较级用于两者之间的比较，重点在于突出两者之间在某方面的差异程度。例如：This book is more interesting than that one.（这本书比那本书更有趣。）只涉及两本书的比较。而最高级用于三个或三个以上的人或事物之间的比较，确定其中在某方面程度最突出的一个。如：This is the most interesting book among all these books.（在所有这些书中，这是最有趣的书。）涉及多本书的比较。
2. 结构形式不同：比较级常见结构是“形容词/副词比较级 + than”，形容词比较级一般是在原形基础上加 -er，或者用more + 形容词原形；副词比较级通常在原形后加 -er ，以ly结尾的副词则用more + 副词原形。例如：fast - faster（更快地），more slowly（更慢地）。最高级结构是“the + 形容词/副词最高级（副词最高级前the可省略）”，其构成如前文所述有规则变化和不规则变化。
3. 表达意义不同：比较级侧重于说明一方比另一方在某方面“更……” ，是一种相对的比较。而最高级强调的是在多个对象中，某一个在某方面达到了极致的程度，是一种绝对的比较。例如：比较级“He is taller than his brother.（他比他哥哥高）” ，只是对比两人身高差异；最高级“He is the tallest in his family.（他是家里最高的）” ，表明在整个家庭范围内，他的身高处于最高水平。
二、学以致用
（一）语法填空
1. Mount Qomolangma is ______ (high) mountain in the world.
2. Which subject do you like ______ (well), English, math or Chinese
3. This is ______ (interesting) movie I've ever seen.
4. Tom runs ______ (fast) among the boys in his class.
5. The Yellow River is the second ______ (long) river in China.
6. Of all the students, she studies ______ (hard).
7. My sister is one of ______ (tall) girls in her school.
8. This storybook is ______ (boring) of the three.
9. He is ______ (good) player in our team.
10. Among these cities, Beijing is ______ (famous).
（二）阅读理解
The world's largest animal is the blue whale. It can be over 30 meters long and weigh as much as 200 tons. Blue whales are found in oceans around the world. They are very good at swimming and can dive to great depths.
Another huge animal is the African elephant. It is the largest land animal. African elephants can be up to 4 meters tall at the shoulder and weigh about 7 tons. They have very long trunks that they use for many things, like picking up food and drinking water.
The cheetah is the fastest land animal. It can run at speeds of up to 120 kilometers per hour. Cheetahs are very good at hunting because of their speed. They live in grasslands and open areas in Africa.
The sloth is one of the slowest animals. It moves very slowly through the trees in the rainforests of South America. Sloths spend most of their time hanging upside down from branches. They eat leaves and have a very slow metabolism.
1. What is the largest animal in the world
A. The African elephant.
B. The blue whale.
C. The cheetah.
D. The sloth.
2. How tall can an African elephant be at the shoulder
A. Up to 30 meters.
B. Up to 4 meters.
C. Up to 7 meters.
D. Up to 120 meters.
3. Which is the fastest land animal
A. The blue whale.
B. The African elephant.
C. The cheetah.
D. The sloth.
4. Where do sloths live
A. In oceans.
B. In grasslands.
C. In the rainforests of South America.
D. In open areas in Africa.
5. What do sloths eat
A. Meat.
B. Fish.
C. Leaves.
D. Grass.
（三）翻译句子
1. 这是我看过最精彩的比赛。
2. 他是我们学校最受欢迎的老师之一。
3. 黄河是中国第二长河。
4. 在所有水果中，我最喜欢苹果。
5. 她跳舞跳得最优美。
（四）写作任务
以 “The Most Interesting Place I've Visited” 为题，用英语写一篇短文，描述你去过的最有趣的地方。内容包括：这个地方在哪里，你什么时候去的，和谁一起去的，你在那里看到了什么、做了什么，为什么你觉得它最有趣，不少于80词。
答案
（一）语法填空
1. the highest
2. best
3. the most interesting
4. (the) fastest
5. longest
6. (the) hardest
7. the tallest
8. the most boring
9. the best
10. the most famous
（二）阅读理解
1. B
2. B
3. C
4. C
5. C
（三）翻译句子
1. This is the most wonderful match I've ever watched.
2. He is one of the most popular teachers in our school.
3. The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.
4. Among all the fruits, I like apples best.
5. She dances most gracefully.
（四）写作
The Most Interesting Place I've Visited
The most interesting place I've ever visited is the zoo in my city. I went there last weekend with my parents.
As soon as we entered the zoo, we saw the pandas. They were so cute, lazily lying on the ground and enjoying the bamboo. Then we walked to the monkey area. The monkeys were jumping around, making funny faces. Some of them were even fighting for food. It was really a lively scene. We also saw lions, tigers and many other animals.
What made this place so interesting was that I could get so close to these amazing animals and learn a lot about their living habits. It was a great day, and I'm looking forward to visiting it again.