Module 1 Social communication Unit 2 Body language Grammar同步讲义-（含答案）2024-2025学年沪教牛津版八年级英语下册

动名词
一、概念和特征。
　　动名词由动词原形加-ing构成， 兼有动词和名词特征， 一方面它保留了原动词的各种用法， 有时态和语态的变化， 另一方面它在句子中的用法及功能与名词相同， 即可以作主语， 宾语， 表语， 定语。
例：Growing roses is her hobby. 种玫瑰是她的爱好。
We like playing football. 我们喜欢踢足球。
The main thing is getting there in time. 主要的事是及时到达那里。
二、构成。
1. 一般在动词词尾直接加-ing。
例：buy → buying　　wait → waiting　　rain → raining
2. 以不发音的字母e结尾的动词， 去掉e再加-ing。
例：use → using　　 ride → riding　　 make → making
3. 以重读闭音节结尾， 末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词， 要双写最后一个字母后加-ing。
例：begin → beginning　　prefer → preferring　　cut → cutting
4. 少数-ie结尾的动词变ie为y， 再加-ing。
例：die →dying 　　 lie → lying 　　 tie → tying
三、基本功能。
1. 主语：
(1） 主语位置：可以把动名词直接置于句首， 也可用it作形式主语，把真正的主语放在后面。
例：Reading is an art. 读书是一门艺术。
2. 宾语：
(1） 作介词宾语的动词要用动名词形式。
例：I’m looking forward to hearing from my uncle. 我期盼收到我叔叔的来信。
(2） 英语中的很多动词及动词短语可接动名词作宾语，常见的有：advise， avoid， consider， enjoy， feel like， finish， imagine， keep， mind， practise， suggest等。
例：
I finished reading the book last night. 这本书我昨晚看完了。
I suggested bringing the meeting to an end. 我建议结束会议。
(3） 有些动词如continue， like， hate， love等后面， 既可以接不定式也可以接动名词作宾语， 意义区别不大。
例：My cousin likes reading / to read books after work. 下班后， 我表哥喜欢读书。
(4） 有些动词如remember， forget， mean， try， regret， stop等后面， 既可以接不定式也可以接动名词， 但意义区别很大。
例：
remember / forget / regret to do sth. 记得 / 忘记 / 遗憾要做某事 (还没做）
remember / forget / regret doing sth. 记得 / 忘记 / 后悔曾做过某事 (已做）
try to do sth. 尽力去做某事 try doing sth. 尝试着做某事
mean to do sth. 打算做某事 mean doing sth. 意味着做某事
stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事 stop doing sth. 停止做某事
I remember telling them about it last week. 我记得上星期曾告诉过他们这件事。
Remember to tell him about it when you meet him. 当你见到他时， 记得告诉他这件事。
3. 表语：
(1） 可转化为句子主语：常是表示无生命的事物的名词或what引导的名词性从句。
例：What I hate most is being laughed at. (＝ Being laughed at is what I hate most. ）
我最痛恨的就是被别人嘲笑。
(2） 特征：动名词表语与主语通常是对等的关系， 主语和表语可互换位置， 意义不变。
例：Your task is cleaning the windows. (＝ Cleaning the windows is your task.） 你的任务就是擦窗户。
【注意】如果句中的主语和表语同为动词时， 要注意保持两个动词在形式上的一致。
例：Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。
4. 定语：动名词作定语往往表示被修饰词的某种用途。
如：a washing machine ＝ a machine for washing ＝ a machine which is used for washing洗衣机
基础练习·课时过关
一、词汇应用。
用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. My cousin is good at __________ (dance).
2. Amy practises __________ (play) the piano for over two hours every day.
3. If more people give up __________(drive) cars, the air will get much cleaner.
4. As a mountain climber， Aron is used to __________ (take) risks.
5. __________(get) a good job in big cities is not easy.
6. Jim has great difficulty in__________ (communicate) with foreigners.
7. My Maths teacher keeps __________ (remind) me of __________ (do) my homework.
8. Did you finish __________ (read) his novel， Amy？
9. What does __________ (shake) one’s head mean？
10. I saw Mike __________ (play) basketball when I passed by the playground.
二、单项选择。
( ) 1. Now people enjoy __________messages with their phones.
A. to send B. send C. sending D. sent
( ) 2. Amazing China (《厉害了， 我的国》) wins high praise from the public. I think this documentary (纪录片) is well worth__________.
A. watch B. to watch C. watching D. watched
( ) 3. --- Jack hasn’t taken his piano lessons for a long time.
--- He is considering __________ his piano course and spending more time on his study.
A. dropping B. to throw C. to drop D. throwing
( ) 4. The workers are busy __________windows to the new building these days.
fix B. fixed C. fixes D. fixing
( ) 5. Bob’s father can’t stand__________ soap operas. He enjoys sports games on TV.
watch B. watching C. to watch D. watched
培优练习·中考题型过关
三、语法选择。
In Asia,messaging platforms (平台) are growing fast, with millions of users, both at work and play. These platforms are becoming more and more popular all over the world. It is reported that 76 percent of people in some Western countries are using emojis (表情符号) at work.
We often __1__ written communications to be cold and boring. __2__emojis can add humour and keep purposes clear. Messages__3__ emojis feel more relaxing, encouraging better and more communication.
In many offices, the age of workers can be from 22 to 70 or above, and expecting (期望) them to communicate in the same style can be a challenge. __4__ easy way to bring all people together is with a chat platform. The younger prefer to communicate visually, while the old are used __5__with traditional tools like sending an email. The good news is that it’s easy to learn and can be worth __6__.
There is __7__ the matter of tone (语气). Sometimes those who haven’t received emojis are a bit __8__. In other words, emojis can make communication friendlier.. __9__, in a serious talk, some emojis shouldn’t be chosen to use because sentences in messaging platforms sometimes will bring you some trouble.
Studies show that friendlier communication leads to a happier workplace, and emojis play an important role for it. And __10__ the workers begin adding smiling emojis to their business communication, the boss will know he or she has succeeded in improving the work culture.
( ) 1. A. think B. thought C. thinks D. has thought
( ) 2. A. Use B. To be used　　 C. Using D. Used
( ) 3. A. for B. with C. from D. by
( ) 4. A. An B. A C. The D. /
( ) 5. A. work B. to work　　 C. to working D. working
( ) 6. A. learning B. learn　　 C. to learn D. learned
( ) 7. A. too B. either C. as well D. also
( ) 8. A. anger B. angrily　　 C. angry D. more angrily
( ) 9. A. However B. And C. So D. Or
( ) 10. A. what B. that C. where D. when
参考答案：
一、1. dancing 2. playing 3. driving 4. taking 5. Getting
communicating 7. reminding, doing 8. reading 9. shaking 10. playing
二、1-5 CCADB
三、1-5 ACBAC 6-10 ADCAD