专题三 被动语态全解析+必刷题（含答案）-2025年中考英语专题复习

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
专题三：被动语态
1. 简介
定义：被动语态用于强调动作的承受者而非执行者。
重要性：掌握被动语态对于理解复杂句子结构和提高阅读理解能力非常重要。
2. 被动语态的基本结构
一般现在时：
结构：主语 + be (am/is/are) + 过去分词
例句：The book is read by many students.
一般过去时：
结构：主语 + was/were + 过去分词
例句：The letter was written by her.
一般将来时：
结构：主语 + will be + 过去分词
例句：The project will be completed next month.
现在进行时：
结构：主语 + be (am/is/are) being + 过去分词
例句：The house is being painted.
过去进行时：
结构：主语 + was/were being + 过去分词
例句：The car was being repaired when I arrived.
将来进行时：
结构：主语 + will be being + 过去分词
例句：The report will be being written at this time tomorrow.
现在完成时：
结构：主语 + have/has been + 过去分词
例句：The letter has been sent.
过去完成时：
结构：主语 + had been + 过去分词
例句：The work had been finished before he left.
将来完成时：
结构：主语 + will have been + 过去分词
例句：The project will have been completed by the end of the year.
3. 例句与解析
一般现在时：
例句：The cake is baked by my mother.
解析：表示蛋糕是由我的妈妈烤的，强调蛋糕是动作的承受者。
一般过去时：
例句：The letter was delivered yesterday.
解析：表示信昨天被送到了，强调信是动作的承受者。
一般将来时：
例句：The meeting will be held next week.
解析：表示会议将在下周举行，强调会议是动作的承受者。
现在进行时：
例句：The house is being built now.
解析：表示房子现在正在被建造，强调房子是动作的承受者。
过去进行时：
例句：The car was being repaired when I arrived.
解析：表示当我到达时，车正在被修理，强调车是动作的承受者。
将来进行时：
例句：The report will be being written at this time tomorrow.
解析：表示明天这个时候报告将正在被写，强调报告是动作的承受者。
现在完成时：
例句：The letter has been sent.
解析：表示信已经被寄出，强调信是动作的承受者。
过去完成时：
例句：The work had been finished before he left.
解析：表示在他离开之前工作已经完成了，强调工作是动作的承受者。
将来完成时：
例句：The project will have been completed by the end of the year.
解析：表示到年底为止项目将已经完成，强调项目是动作的承受者。
4. 易错点提示
主动语态与被动语态的转换：注意在转换过程中保持句子意思不变。
by短语的使用：在被动语态中，如果需要指出动作的执行者，通常使用“by + 执行者”。
时态的一致性：确保在转换过程中时态一致。
5. 练习题
基础题：选择合适的动词形式填空。
The book (is read / reads) by many students.
The letter (was written / wrote) by her.
The project (will be completed / will complete) next month.
The house (is being painted / is painting).
The car (was being repaired / was repaired) when I arrived.
中等题：改写句子，使其符合给定的时态。
She writes the letter. (改为被动语态)
They delivered the package yesterday. (改为被动语态)
We will hold the meeting next week. (改为被动语态)
He is building the house now. (改为被动语态)
She had finished the work before she left. (改为被动语态)
高级题：根据上下文，使用适当的被动语态完成句子。
The book (is read / reads) by many students, and it (is enjoyed / enjoys) by them.
The letter (was written / wrote) by her, and it (was sent / sent) to the editor.
The project (will be completed / will complete) next month, and it (will be presented / will present) at the conference.
The house (is being painted / is painting), and it (is being decorated / is decorating) with new furniture.
The car (was being repaired / was repaired) when I arrived, and it (had been fixed / had fixed) by the mechanic.
答案及解析
基础题答案：
is read
was written
will be completed
is being painted
was being repaired
中等题答案：
The letter is written by her.
The package was delivered yesterday.
The meeting will be held next week.
The house is being built now.
The work had been finished before she left.
高级题答案：
The book is read by many students, and it is enjoyed by them.
The letter was written by her, and it was sent to the editor.
The project will be completed next month, and it will be presented at the conference.
The house is being painted, and it is being decorated with new furniture.
The car was being repaired when I arrived, and it had been fixed by the mechanic.
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