专题六 谓语动词全解析+必刷题（含答案）-2025年中考英语专题复习

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
谓语动词全解析
一、谓语动词的定义
谓语动词是用来描述主语动作、状态或特征的动词，在句子中不可或缺，是句子的核心成分之一。它能够表明主语 “做什么”“是什么” 或者 “怎么样”。比如在句子 “He runs every morning.（他每天早上跑步。）” 中，“runs” 就是谓语动词，描述了主语 “He” 的动作；在 “She is happy.（她很开心。）” 里，“is” 作为谓语动词，体现了主语 “She” 的状态。
二、谓语动词的分类
（一）实义动词（行为动词）
具有实际意义，能表达具体动作，可分为及物动词和不及物动词。及物动词后面必须接宾语，意思才完整，例如 “love（爱）”，“I love my mother.（我爱我的妈妈。）” ，“my mother” 就是宾语；不及物动词本身意思完整，无需接宾语，像 “run（跑）”，“He runs fast.（他跑得很快。）”。
（二）连系动词
不能单独作谓语，要和表语一起构成谓语。常见的连系动词有 “be（是）”，“look（看起来）”，“sound（听起来）” 等。如 “The music sounds wonderful.（这音乐听起来很棒。）”，“sounds” 是连系动词，“wonderful” 是表语。
（三）助动词
没有实际意义，不能单独作谓语，用于帮助实义动词或连系动词构成不同的时态、语态、否定句和疑问句等。常见的助动词有 “do/does/did（用于一般现在时和一般过去时）”，“have/has（用于现在完成时）” ，“will/shall（用于一般将来时）” 等。
例如，“Do you like English （你喜欢英语吗？）”，“do” 就是助动词，帮助构成一般疑问句。
（四）情态动词
有一定的意义，但不能单独作谓语，要和动词原形一起构成谓语。常见的情态动词有 “can（能，会）”，“may（可以，可能）”，“must（必须）” 等。比如，“You must obey the rules.（你必须遵守规则。）”，“must obey” 共同构成谓语。
三、谓语动词的时态
（一）一般现在时
构成形式：
主语是第一人称 I、we，第二人称 you 以及复数时，动词用原形；
主语是第三人称单数（he/she/it 等）时，动词要加 -s 或 -es。
示例：I play basketball every day.（我每天打篮球。）；He goes to school by bike.（他骑自行车去上学。）
（二）一般过去时
构成形式：动词的过去式，规则动词一般在词尾加 -ed，不规则动词需特殊记忆。
示例：I visited my grandparents last weekend.（我上周末看望了我的祖父母。）；He bought a new book yesterday.（他昨天买了一本新书。）
（三）现在进行时
构成形式：am/is/are + 动词的现在分词（动词原形 + -ing）。
示例：They are playing football now.（他们现在正在踢足球。）；She is reading a book at the moment.（她此刻正在看书。）
（四）过去进行时
构成形式：was/were + 动词的现在分词。
示例：I was doing my homework at 8 o'clock last night.（昨晚八点我正在做作业。）；He was watching TV when I called him.（我打电话给他的时候，他正在看电视。）
（五）现在完成时
构成形式：have/has + 动词的过去分词。
示例：I have already finished my homework.（我已经完成了我的作业。）；She has lived here for three years.（她已经在这里住了三年了。）
（六）过去完成时
构成形式：had + 动词的过去分词。
示例：He had left before I arrived.（在我到达之前，他已经离开了。）；The bus had gone when I got to the bus stop.（当我到达公交站的时候，公交车已经开走了。）
（七）一般将来时
构成形式：will/shall + 动词原形（shall 常用于第一人称 I 和 we 后）；be going to + 动词原形。
示例：I will go to the park tomorrow.（我明天将去公园。）；He is going to visit his friend next week.（他下周打算去拜访他的朋友。）
（八）过去将来时
构成形式：would/should + 动词原形（should 常用于第一人称 I 和 we 后）。
示例：He said he would come back soon.（他说他很快就会回来。）；I thought I should study harder.（我想我应该更努力学习。）
四、谓语动词的语态
（一）主动语态
强调主语是动作的执行者。例如，“The boy kicks the ball.（男孩踢这个球。）”，“The boy” 是动作 “kicks” 的执行者。
（二）被动语态
强调主语是动作的承受者。基本构成是：be 动词 + 过去分词 + by + 动作执行者（by 短语在无需指出执行者或执行者不明确时可省略）。be 动词有人称、数和时态的变化，要与句子的主语在人称和数上保持一致，同时根据不同的时态进行相应变形。
一般现在时的被动语态：am/is/are + 过去分词。例如，“The classroom is cleaned every day.（教室每天都被打扫。）”
一般过去时的被动语态：was/were + 过去分词。例如，“The book was written by him last year.（这本书是他去年写的。）”
现在进行时的被动语态：am/is/are + being + 过去分词。例如，“The bridge is being built now.（那座桥现在正在被建造。）”
过去进行时的被动语态：was/were + being + 过去分词。例如，“The house was being painted when I passed by.（我路过的时候，那栋房子正在被粉刷。）”
现在完成时的被动语态：have/has + been + 过去分词。例如，“The work has been finished.（工作已经完成了。）”
过去完成时的被动语态：had + been + 过去分词。例如，“The report had been handed in before the deadline.（报告在截止日期前就已经交上去了。）”
含情态动词的被动语态：情态动词 + be + 过去分词。例如，“The rules must be obeyed.（必须遵守规则。）”
一般将来时的被动语态：will/shall + be + 过去分词。例如，“A new hospital will be built in our town.（我们镇上将会建一家新医院。）”
过去将来时的被动语态：would/should + be + 过去分词。例如，“He said that the task would be completed soon.（他说任务很快就会完成。）”
五、谓语动词的注意事项
（一）主谓一致
谓语动词在人称和数上要和主语保持一致。
语法一致原则：
单数主语用单数谓语动词，复数主语用复数谓语动词。
例如，“The dog runs fast.（这只狗跑得很快。）”；“The dogs run fast.（这些狗跑得很快。）”
当主语是不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数。
例如，“Water is important.（水很重要。）”
意义一致原则：
集体名词作主语时，若表示整体概念，谓语动词用单数；若表示集体中的个体成员，谓语动词用复数。
例如，“The family is a happy one.（这个家庭很幸福。）”；
“The family are watching TV.（家人们正在看电视。）”
表示时间、距离、金钱等的复数名词作主语时，通常看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数。
例如，“Ten dollars is enough.（十美元足够了。）”
就近一致原则：
由 either...or...，neither...nor...，not only...but also... 等连接的并列主语，谓语动词的单复数形式与离它最近的主语保持一致。例如，“Either you or he is right.（要么你对，要么他对。）”
（二）部分动词的特殊用法
感官动词：look（看起来），sound（听起来），smell（闻起来），taste（尝起来），feel（摸起来；感觉）等，这些词常作连系动词，后面接形容词作表语，用主动形式表示被动意义。
例如，“The food tastes delicious.（食物尝起来很美味。）”
一些不及物动词与副词连用：sell（卖），write（写），wash（洗），read（读）等，用来说明主语的性质特征时，常用主动形式表示被动意义。
例如，“This kind of book sells well.（这种书很畅销。）”；“The pen writes smoothly.（这支笔书写流畅。）”
部分动词不用被动语态：happen（发生），belong to（属于），have（有），cost（花费），last（持续），own（拥有），stay（停留）等一般不用被动语态。例如，“The story happened last night.（故事发生在昨晚。）”，不能说 “The story was happened last night.”；“This book belongs to me.（这本书属于我。）”，不能说 “This book is belonged to me.”。
六、练习巩固
（一）用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空
My father usually ________ (go) to work by car.
I ________ (visit) the Great Wall last year.
Look! They ________ (play) basketball on the playground.
When I got home, my mother ________ (cook) dinner.
I ________ (finish) my homework already.
The meeting ________ (hold) yesterday afternoon.
A new school ________ (build) in our city next year.
The book ________ (write) by him many years ago.
You must ________ (keep) the classroom clean.
The flowers should ________ (water) every day.
（二）单项选择题
—What ________ your father ________
—He is a doctor.
A. do; do B. does; do C. is; doing D. does; does
—Where is your mother
—She ________ in the kitchen.
A. cooks B. cooked C. is cooking D. was cooking
The old man ________ last year. He ________ for a year.
A. died; has been dead B. died; has died
C. was dead; has died D. was dead; has been dead
—Can you speak French
—Yes, but only a little. I ________ French for several months.
A. learn B. learned C. am learning D. have learned
—________ your homework ________ yet
—Yes, I finished it an hour ago.
A. Has; finished B. Is; finished C. Has; been finished D. Is; being finished
The computer ________ by my father last week.
A. repairs B. repaired C. is repaired D. was repaired
These books ________ out of the reading room. You have to read them here.
A. can't take B. mustn't be taken
C. needn't take D. shouldn't take
Not only my parents but also my sister ________ crazy about the TV play.
A. is B. are C. be D. were
—________ you ________ your homework yet
—Not yet. I'll do it right away.
A. Did; finish B. Have; finished
C. Will; finish D. Do; finish
The story ________ interesting.
A. listens B. hears C. sounds D. looks
（三）句型转换
I clean my room every day.（改为被动语态）
They built the house in 2008.（改为被动语态）
The students are planting trees now.（改为被动语态）
He has finished his work.（改为被动语态）
You must finish the work before Friday.（改为被动语态）
The book is written by him.（对划线部分提问）
She is reading a storybook.（对划线部分提问）
答案
（一）用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空
goes
visited
are playing
was cooking
have finished
was held
will be built
was written
keep
be watered
（二）单项选择题
B
C
A
D
C
D
B
A
B
C
（三）句型转换
My room is cleaned by me every day.
The house was built by them in 2008.
Trees are being planted by the students now.
His work has been finished by him.
The work must be finished by you before Friday.
Who is the book written by
What is she doing
21世纪教育网 www.21cnjy.com 精品试卷·第 2 页 （共 2 页）
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)