人教英语八下Unit1—Unit5语法聚焦中英文对照+语法讲解

Unit 1 What's the matter 语法聚焦中英文对照+语法讲解
【语法聚焦中英文对照】
What's the matter 怎么了 I have a stomachache. 我胃痛.
What's the matter with Ben 本怎么了 He hurt himself.He has a sore back. 他伤着了自己。他背痛。
Do you have a fever 你发烧吗 Yes,I do./No,I don't./I don't know. 是的,我发烧。/不,我不发烧。/我不知道。
Does he have a toothache 他牙痛吗 Yes,he does. 是的,他牙痛。
What should she do 她应该怎么办 She should take her temperature. 她应该量体温。
Should I put some medicine on it 我应该在(伤口)上面敷一些药吗 Yes,you should./No,you shouldn't. 是的,你应该。/不,你不应该。
【语法解读】
一、情态动词 should 的用法
情态动词 should 意为“应当,应该”,必须和后面的动词原形一起构成谓语,没有人称和数的变化。
1.should 的句式结构
句式 结构 示例
肯定句 主语+should+动词原形+... They should eat balanced diet. 他们应该平衡饮食。
否定句 主语十should not+动词原形+... They shouldn't eat too much. 他们不应该吃得太多。
一般疑问句 一Should+主语动词原形... 一Yes，主语十should/No， 主语十shouldn’t. —It's too cold. Should I close the window 太冷了,我该关上窗户吗 —Yes, you should/No, you shouldn’t. 是的,你应该。/不,你不应该。
2.should的用法
用法 示例
表示劝告、建议 You should answer the question in English. 你应该用英语回答这个问题。
表示推测 They should be at home now, I think. 我认为,他们现在应该在家里。
表示惊讶、赞叹,不满等 How should 1 know it 我怎么知道这件事呢
注意：should在以why，who，how等疑问词开头的问句中,意为“竟然,居然,怎么会”,表示意外、惊
喜或者在说话人看来是不可思议的。
3.其他表示提建议的句型
用法 示例
Shall we/I+动词原形+ ... Shall we go for a walk 咱们去散步好吗
Let's+动词原形+... Let's go and see them. 咱们去看看他们吧。
What/How about... What about going swimming 去游泳怎么样
You'd better(not)+动词原形+.. We'd better wait a little longer.我们最好再稍等一会儿。
Why don’t you(Why not)动词原形+... Why not take a walk outside 为什么不出去散步呢
二、反身代词的用法
表示“我(们)自己”、“你(们)自己”、“他/她/它(们)自己”的代词称为反身代词。第一、二人称的反身代词是由形容词性物主代词加-self 或-selves构成,第三人称的反身代词由人称代词的宾格加-self 或-selves 构成。不定人称代词 one 也有反身代词的形式,即 oneself。
1.反身代词的分类
2.反身代词的用法
用法 说明 示例
作动词的宾语 反身代词经常用在enjoy，teach，hurt，buy, introduce, dress, express,help,wash，look after, get dressed等动词或短语的后面作宾语 He is teaching himself English. 他在自学英语。
作介词的宾语 反身代词经常用在in，on，with，of，after，by 等介词的后面作宾语 She lives by herself in the countryside. 她一个人生活在乡下。
作同位语 反身代词在作同位语时,单纯起强调作用,多可译为“本人”(或“本身”)。在某些句子中,反身代词用来作同位语,目的是加强语气,常译为“自己”或“亲自” Did you make the cake yourself 这蛋糕是你亲自做的吗
Unit 2 I'll help to clean up the city parks.语法聚焦中英文对照+语法讲解
【语法聚焦中英文对照】
I'd like to help homeless people. 我想帮助无家可归的人。 She decided to try out for a volunteer after-school reading program. 她决定尝试在课后阅读课程处做名志愿者。
You could ask hospitals to let you visit the kids and cheer them up. 你可以请求医院允许你看望那些孩子并让他们高兴起来。 Mario believes it can help him to get his future dream job. 马里奥相信这能帮助他得到将来梦寐以求的工作。
She volunteers there once a week to help kids learn to read. 她在那里一周做一次义工,帮助孩子们学习阅读。 I'm making some signs to put up around the school. 我正在做一些标语张贴在学校周围.
【语法解读】
一、动词不定式
动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征,在句中可作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语等成分。本单元主要学习动词不定式作宾语、宾语补足语和状语的用法。
项目 说明 示例
形式 肯定式:to do Mr. Li told me to listen carefully in class. 李老师要求我上课认真听讲。
否定式:not to do Please tell Jim not to come late next time. 请告诉吉姆下次别迟到了。
特征 没有人称和数的变化,在句中不能作谓语 I believe it can help him to get his future dream job. 我相信它能帮助他得到自己将来梦寐以求的工作。
仍保留动词的特点,可以有自己的宾语和状语 I am sorry to trouble you. 很抱歉打扰你。
功能 作主语:动词不定式作主语时，为了避免句子头重脚轻,常用it 作形式主语 To give is better than to take, 奉献比索取好。 It’s necessary for us to learn English well. 对我们来说,学好英语是必要的。
作表语:动词不定式作表语一般表示具体的动作或对主语起补充说明作用 Her job was to look after the sick boy. 她的工作是照顾这个生病的男孩。 His wish is to be a policeman.他的愿望是当一名警察。
作宾语:want，decide，hope,ask,agree, choose,learn,plan，need，teach 等动词后常接不定式作宾语 Tony wants to find a job as a teacher in China. 托尼想在中国找份做老师的工作。 I decided to help the homeless people. 我决定帮助那些无家可归的人。
作宾语补足语:此时可以是带to的不定式,也可以是不带to的不定式,这主要取决于谓语动词 He asked me to help him with his English. 他请求我帮他学英语。 Her words made me feel happy. 她的话让我感到开心. The girl often helps the old woman do the housework 那个女孩常帮那位老太太做家务。
作状语:动词不定式作状语主要用来修饰动词,表示目的、结果或原因 He came to Beijing to have a meeting. 他来北京开会。 He is too young to look after himself. 他太小,不能照顾自己。
作定语:此时,要放在它所修饰的名词或代词后 He is the first man to walk on the moon 他是第一个在月球上行走的人。 I want to have something to eat. 我想吃点东西。
点拨：动词不定式的用法中要注意的几个问题
①跟带to 的不定式作宾语的动词主要有:want，ask，tell，hope，learn，try，decide，forget,remember,like,love, stop等。
Mother asks me to drink milk every day.妈妈要求我每天喝牛奶。
②跟不带to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词主要有:感官动词(see，feel，watch，hear)和使役引词(let，make,have)等。
I saw the teacher get out.我看到老师离开了。
They made the children work 12 hours a day.他们让孩子们一天工作12个小时。
③动词help后接宾语补足语时,不定式符号to可省略,也可不省略。
Mr.Li often helps us(to)solve problems.李老师经常帮助我们解决问题。
④有些动词,如stop，remember，forget，like等后面既可接动词不定式作宾语,也可接动词-ing，形式作宾语,但表达的意义不同。
He stopped to talk to me when we met in the street我们在街上遇到时,他停下来和我说话,
Stop talking!Class begins.不要说话了!上课了。
⑤动词不定式可以和疑问词what，which，who，how，when，where等连用,构成不定式短语在句子中作主语、宾语、表语等成分,这时往往可以改写成宾语从句。
I don't know what to do next. =I don't know what I should do next.我不知道接下来该做什么。
I don't know where to go for my holiday. =I don't know where I can go for my holiday.我不知道去哪儿度假。
二、短语动词
在英语中,许多动词和介词或副词连用,构成一个固定词组,这个词组可以看作一个整体,与实义动词用法相同,这类词组叫作短语动词。
项目 说明 示例
主要类型 动词+介词: 相当于及物动词,其后可跟宾语，且宾语只能位于介词之后 ask for 请求;look at看;look for 寻找;look after 照顾; take after 与...相像;come from来自;hear from 收到..来信; think of 想起;depend on 依靠;wait for 等待
动词+副词: 既可以用作及物动词,也可以用作不及物动词 cheer up 使振奋;clean up打扫干净;fix up 修理; give away分发;give out 发放;give up放弃;pick out 挑选出; put off 推迟;put up建立;take away 拿走;work ou算出
动词+副词+介词: 这类短语是及物动词,宾语放在动词短语的后面 add up to合计达;catch up with 赶上;come up with提出,想出; get along with与...相处;keep away from避免; look forward to期望;run out of 耗尽
动词+名词+介词: 此类短语中的动词主要有:have,take, give, make 等 make fun of 取笑;make use of 利用;pay attention to 注意; take care of 照顾
用法 以介词结尾的短语动词,后面常接名词、代词、动词-ing形式作宾语(宾语置于介词之后) I am looking for my passport. 我在找我的护照。 She walked too slowly to catch up with us. 她走得太慢,跟不上我们。
由“动词+副词”构成的短语动词后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式作宾语。宾语是名词时,可以置于短语中间也可置于副词之后;宾语是代词时,只能放在动词和副词之间 His money has run out.他的钱用完了。 I have used up my exercise books. = I have used my exercise books up. 我已经用完了我的练习本。 Tom looks sad. Let's cheer him up. 汤姆看上去很难过。让我们使他高兴起来吧。
【温馨提示】英语中其他类型的短语动词
①动词+名词:
have a rest 休息一下;take a walk散步;make mistakes 犯错;have a try 尝试一下
②be+形容词+介词:
be late for 迟到;be angry with 生气;be good at 擅长;be similar to 与......相似
Unit 3 Could you please clean your room 语法聚焦中英文对照+语法讲解
【语法聚焦中英文对照】
Could I go out for dinner with my friends 我能和朋友一起出去吃(晚)饭吗 Sure,that should be OK. 当然,那可以。
Could we get something to drink after the movie 看完电影我们能喝点东西吗 No,you can't.You have a basketball game tomorrow. 不行,你们不能。明天你们有一场篮球比赛。
Could you please take the dog for a walk 请你带狗去遛遛好吗 OK,but I want to watch one show first. 好的,但我想先看档电视节目。
Could you please take out the rubbish 请你把垃圾倒掉好吗 Yes,sure. 行,当然可以。
【语法解读】
情态动词 could 的用法
1.情态动词could可用于礼貌地提出要求和征询许可
用法 句式结构及含义 示例
提出请求 Could you(please)+动词原形 ... 表示“请你做...好吗 ”或“你能做......吗 ” Could you please take the dog for a walk 请你带狗去遛遛好吗 Could you close the door for me 你能帮我关上门吗
征询许可 Could I/we动词原形... 表示 “我/我们可以做.....吗 ” Could I go out for dinner with my friends 我能和朋友一起出去吃(晚)饭吗 Could we get something to drink after the movie 看完电影我们能喝点东西吗
常用答语 肯定回答:Sure. /Yes，sure./OK /Of course. /Certainly./No problem. —Could you please clean the room 请你打扫一下房间好吗 一Sure.当然可以。
否定回答:Sorry./I'm sorry./Sorry, I can't ... /No, you can't. —Could you open the windows 你能打开窗户吗 —Sorry，but I have got a cold.抱歉,我感冒了。
【温馨提示】
(l)对提出请求或征询许可的句型作否定回答时,通常以sorry或Imsorry开头。
—Could you help me with my English now 你现在能帮我学英语吗
—I'm sorry, but I have a football match ten minutes later.
抱歉,我十分钟后要参加一场足球赛。
(2)如果问句中使用could,回答时要用can或can't，不能用could或couldn't。
—Could I use your bike 我能用一下你的自行车吗
—Sure，you can当然可以。
(3)其他常见表示委婉请求做某事的句型:
①Will/Would you please+do ... 表示“你能做...吗 ”
②Would you mind(not)doing... 表示“你介意(不)做...吗 ”
③May I... 表示“我可以...吗 ”
2.情态动词could的其他常见用法
用法 示例
表示能力 could作为can的过去式,表示过去的能力 He could write poems when he was 10. 他十岁时就会写诗了。
表示可能性 指对将来、现在或过去某种可能性的推测,比can的可能性弱 Judy couldn't have enough money for a car. 朱迪不可能有足够的钱买车。
Unit 4 Why don't you talk to your parents 语法聚焦中英文对照+语法讲解
【语法聚焦中英文对照】
You look tired.What's the matter 你看起来很累。怎么了 I did my homework until really late last night,so I didn't get enough sleep. 昨天晚上我学习到午夜,所以我睡眠不足。
What should I do 我该怎么做 Why don't you forget about it Although she's wrong,it's not a big deal. 你为什么不把这件事忘掉呢 虽然她做得不对，但也没什么大不了的。
What should he do 他该怎么做 He should talk to his friend so that he can say he's sorry. 他应该和他的朋友谈谈,以表达歉意。
Maybe you could go to his house. 也许你可以去他家。 I guess I could, but I don't want to surprise him. 我想我可以,但我不想令他感到惊讶。
【语法解读】
一、提建议的句型
常用提建议的句型
句型结构 含义 示例
Why don't we/you+动词原形... Why not+动词原形... 我们/你(们)为什么不.....呢 为什么不...呢 Why don't we write to pen friends 我们为什么不给笔友写信呢 Why not join an English club 为什么不加人一个英语俱乐部呢
How/What about+动词-ing形式... ...怎么样 What/How about watching English movies 看英文电影怎么样
Shall we+动词原形... 我们...好吗 Shall we sing an English song 我们唱首英文歌曲好吗
Let's+动词原形... 让我们......吧! Let’s go swimming this afternoon 今天下午我们去游泳吧!
We/You should+动词原形... 我们/你(们)应该 We should get up earlier. 我们应该早点起床。
Would you mind+动词-ing形式... 你介意...吗 Would you mind speaking in a low voice 你介意小点声说话吗
Will/Would/Could you please +动词原形... 请你...好吗 Would you please turn down the radio 请你把收音机的音量调小点儿好吗
We / You had better (not) do sth 我们/你(们)最好(不要)做某事。 We'd better speak English as much as possible. 我们最好尽可能多地说英语。
Would you like+(to do) sth. 你(们)想要...吗 Would you like to go out for a walk 你想出去散步吗
【温馨提示】如何回答提建议的句型
(1)肯定回答:①Good idea./That's a good idea.好主意。②OK./All right./Great,好。行。/太好了。③No problem.没问题。④I agree with you.我同意你的看法。⑤Sure./Of course./Certainly.当然可以。⑥Yes，I think so.好的,我也是这样想的。
(2)否定回答:①I don't think so,我不这么认为。②Sorry,I can't./Sorry，but...对不起,我不能。/对不起,可是.....③I'd love/like to，but...我愿意,但是...
二、until，so that，although 引导的状语从句
在复合句中,用作状语的从句叫作状语从句。状语从句由从属连词引导,从属连词不充当句子成分,只起连接作用。根据状语从句表达的意思可分为时间、原因、条件、比较、目的、结果和让步等类型。本单元主要学习 until，so that 和 although 引导的状语从句。
类型 用法 示例
until引导的时间状语从句 until用于肯定句时,意为“直到...为止”,主句中的谓语动词是延续性动词;用于否定句时,意为“直到..才...”,主句中的谓语动词是非延续性动词 I have to stay here until the rain stops. 我不得不待在这儿,直到雨停。
so that引导的目的状语从句 从句中的谓语动词一般和情态动词can/could/may/might 等连用 He should talk to his friend so that he can say he's sorry. 他应该跟他的朋友谈谈,以表达歉意。
although引导的让步状语从句 让步状语从句一般翻译为“尽管...”或“即使...”。一般情况下,although可与 though 互换使用,但两者都不能与but同时出现在一个句子中 Although she's very weak. she works very hard. 尽管她身体很弱,但是工作很努力。
【注意】
引导时间状语从句的从属连词还有:when as，while，since，as soon as，after等。时间状语从句若用一般玛海时态主句通常用一般将来时态。
Unit 5 What were you doing when the rainstorm came 语法聚焦中英文对照+语法讲解
【语法聚焦中英文对照】
What were you doing at eight last night 昨晚八点你在做什么 I was taking a shower. 我在洗澡。
What was she doing at the time of the rainstorm 当暴风雨来临时她在做什么 She was doing her homework. 她在做作业。
What was he doing when the rainstorm came 暴风雨来临时他在做什么 He was reading in the library when the rainstorm came. 暴风雨来临时他正在图书馆里看书。
What was Ben doing when it began to rain heavily 当开始下暴雨时,本在做什么 When it began to rain,Ben was helping his mom make dinner. 当开始下雨时,本在帮妈妈做晚饭。
What was Jenny doing while Linda was sleeping 当琳达睡觉的时候，珍妮在做什么 While Linda was sleeping,Jenny was helping Mary with her homework. 当琳达睡觉的时候,珍妮在帮玛丽做作业。
【语法解读】
过去进行时
过去进行时表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。其基本结构为“was/were十动词-ing形式”。
1.过去进行时的基本句式
句式 结构 示例
肯定句 主语+was/were+动词-ing形式... The girl was shopping when I saw her. 我看见那个女孩的时候,她正在购物。
否定句 主语+was/were not动词-ing形式... He was not working at that time. 那时他没在工作。
一般疑问句 Was/Were+主语+动词-ing形式... —Were you playing basketball then 那个时候你在打篮球吗 —Oh，yes.哦,是的。
特殊疑问句 疑问词+was/were+主语+动词-ing形式... —What were you doing at nine last Sunday morning 上周日上午九点你在做什么 —I was sleeping. 我在睡觉。
2.过去进行时的基本用法
用法 示例
表示过去某一段时间内正在进行的动作 I was watching TV the whole night. 整个晚上我都在看电视。 We were having classes all that day. 那天我们整天都在上课。
表示过去某一时刻正在进行或发生的动作，与过去某一特定的时间状语连用,如at 3 o'clock yesterday afternoon, in those days,at this time yesterday等 Miss Li was shopping at this time yesterday. 昨天的这个时候,李小姐正在购物。 I was looking for my lost cat at nine last Monday. 上周一九点我正在寻找我丢失的猫。
表示过去某个动作发生时,另一个动作正在进行,持续时间长的动作用过去进行时。使用时注意:连词 when一般用于一般过去时，而连词while常用于过去进行时 The students were reading when the teacher came in. 当老师进来时,学生们正在读书。 While he was reading, the telephone rang. 当他正在看书时,电话铃响了。
3.过珐进行时的特殊用法
用法 示例
与go,come，leave,start 等瞬间动词连用时,过去进行时表示过去马上要进行的动作 She was leaving for Shanghai then. 那时候她就要动身去上海了。 He said the early bus was coming. 他说早班车就要来了。
与always，often 等频度副词连用时,表示对过去某件事的埋怨、讨厌赞扬或喜爱,并不强调动作正在进行 The baby was always crying. 那个婴儿总是哭。(表示讨厌) Why were you always getting up late last week 你上周怎么老是起床很晚 (表示埋怨)