九年级英语 Unit 5 What are the shirts made of 单元语法练习（含答案）

九年级英语 Unit 5 What are the shirts made of 单元语法
一、语法知识聚焦
（一）被动语态的结构与用法
基本结构：
被动语态的基本结构为 “be动词 + 过去分词（+ by + 动作执行者)”，用于强调动作的承受者而非执行者。
例句：
The shirts are made of cotton.（衬衫由棉花制成。）
These toys were produced by a local factory.（这些玩具由当地一家工厂生产。）
特殊疑问词引导的被动语态疑问句
特殊疑问词（what、where、who、how 等）引导的被动语态疑问句，用于询问关于动作承受者、动作方式、地点等方面的信息。
询问制作材料、成分等：用 what 引导，结构为 “What + be + 主语 + made of/from... ”。“of” 用于能直接看出原材料的情况，“from” 用于不能直接看出原材料的情况。例如，“What is the table made of （这张桌子是由什么制成的？）”，如果桌子是木头做的，能直接看出原材料，回答可以是 “It's made of wood.（它是由木头制成的）”；“What is wine made from （葡萄酒是由什么制成的？）”，葡萄酒由葡萄发酵制成，不能直接看出原材料，回答可以是 “It's made from grapes.（它是由葡萄制成的）”。
询问产地、制造地点等：用 where 引导，结构为 “Where + be + 主语 + made ”。例如，“Where are these shoes made （这些鞋子是在哪里制造的？）”，回答可以是 “They are made in China.（它们是在中国制造的）”。在国际贸易、产品介绍等场景中，这类问题经常用于了解产品的来源地。
询问执行者等：用 who 引导，结构为 “Who + be + 主语 + made by ”。例如，“Who was this painting made by （这幅画是谁画的？）”，回答可以是 “It was made by Van Gogh.（它是梵高画的）” 。在艺术鉴赏、文化交流等领域，常通过这样的询问了解作品的创作者。
（三）被动语态与主动语态的转换
理解被动语态和主动语态的转换规则，有助于更灵活地运用两种语态进行表达。
主动语态变被动语态的方法：首先，把主动语态中的宾语变为被动语态的主语；然后，根据原句时态确定 be 动词的形式，并将主动语态中的谓语动词变为过去分词形式；最后，如果需要强调动作的执行者，在被动语态中用 “by + 执行者” 表示。例如，主动句 “People grow rice in the south.（人们在南方种植水稻）” 变为被动句是 “Rice is grown by people in the south.（水稻在南方被人们种植）”，这里 “rice” 由主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语，“grow” 变为 “is grown”，“by people” 表明动作执行者。
被动语态变主动语态的方法：与主动变被动相反，把被动语态的主语变为主动语态的宾语，be 动词去掉，过去分词变回动词原形，根据语境调整句子其他部分。例如，被动句 “The book was written by him.（这本书是他写的）” 变为主动句是 “He wrote the book.（他写了这本书）” 。在实际写作和交流中，根据表达的重点和强调的内容，选择合适的语态，能够使表达更加清晰、准确。
（四）“be made of”与“be made from”辨析
be made of：
表示“由……制成”，材料在成品中可见。
例句：The table is made of wood.（这张桌子是木头做的。）
be made from：
表示“由……制成”，材料经过加工后不可见。
例句：Cheese is made from milk.（奶酪是由牛奶制成的。）
表示动作的执行者，通常用于具体的人或组织。
例句：The novel was written by Mark Twain.（这本小说是马克·吐温写的。）
with：
表示使用的工具或材料。
例句：The cake was decorated with chocolate.（蛋糕用巧克力装饰。）
二、学以致用
（一）语法填空
The kite ______ (make) of paper. It looks beautiful.
These cars ______ (produce) in Shanghai last year.
The work should ______ (finish) before Friday.
What ______ (be) this kind of machine made from
The old house ______ (build) about 50 years ago.
The sick boy ______ (take care of) by his mother now.
Who ______ (be) the famous movie directed by
These clothes need to ______ (wash).
The trees in the park ______ (water) once a week.
The bike ______ (repair) by my father yesterday.
（二）阅读理解
Do you know how chocolate is made First, the beans from the cacao tree are harvested. These beans are then fermented（发酵） for several days. After that, they are dried in the sun. The dried beans are roasted（烘烤） at a high temperature. Then, they are broken into small pieces. Next, the pieces are pressed to get the cocoa butter（可可脂）. The cocoa butter is mixed with sugar and other ingredients to make chocolate.
Chocolate is loved by many people around the world. It is often used in making cakes, cookies and other desserts. Different countries have their own ways of making chocolate. For example, Swiss chocolate is famous for its high quality.
What are the beans from the cacao tree used for
A. Making coffee.
B. Making chocolate.
C. Making tea.
Which of the following is the right order of making chocolate
① Press the pieces to get the cocoa butter.
② Roast the dried beans.
③ Ferment the beans.
④ Dry the beans in the sun.
⑤ Break the beans into small pieces.
A. ③④②⑤①
B. ③②④⑤①
C. ④③②⑤①
Where is chocolate often used
A. In making clothes.
B. In making desserts.
C. In making furniture.
Why is Swiss chocolate famous
A. Because of its beautiful packaging.
B. Because of its high quality.
C. Because of its low price.
What can we know from the passage
A. Chocolate is not popular.
B. There is only one way to make chocolate.
C. Different countries have different ways of making chocolate.
（三）翻译句子
这些毛衣是由羊毛制成的。
这座桥是去年建造的。
这些书必须按时归还。
这种饮料是由什么制成的？
这辆自行车是我爸爸修理的。
（四）写作任务
以 “The Making of a Product” 为题，写一篇短文介绍一种产品的制作过程，如面包、杯子等。要求使用被动语态描述制作步骤，不少于 80 词。
答案
（一）语法填空
is made。“The kite” 是单数，与 “make” 是被动关系，一般现在时，用 is made。
were produced。“last year” 是过去时间，“cars” 是复数，用 were produced。
be finished。“should” 是情态动词，后接 be + 过去分词，用 be finished。
is。“this kind of machine” 是单数，用 is。
was built。“about 50 years ago” 是过去时间，“house” 是单数，用 was built。
is being taken care of。“now” 表明是现在进行时的被动语态，用 is being taken care of。
was。“movie” 是单数，电影制作发生在过去，用 was。
be washed。“need to” 后接动词原形，“clothes” 与 “wash” 是被动关系，用 be washed。
are watered。“trees” 是复数，与 “water” 是被动关系，一般现在时，用 are watered。
was repaired。“yesterday” 是过去时间，“bike” 是单数，用 was repaired。
（二）阅读理解
B。根据文章内容可知，可可树的豆子用于制作巧克力，选 B。
A。制作巧克力的正确顺序是：发酵豆子、在太阳下晒干、烘烤干豆子、把豆子弄成小块、压榨小块得到可可脂，选 A。
B。文中提到 “It is often used in making cakes, cookies and other desserts.”，选 B。
B。从 “Swiss chocolate is famous for its high quality.” 可知选 B。
C。文章提到 “Different countries have their own ways of making chocolate.”，选 C。
（三）翻译句子
These sweaters are made of wool.
This bridge was built last year.
These books must be returned on time.
What is this kind of drink made from
This bike was repaired by my father.
（四）写作任务
The Making of a Product
Bread is a popular food all over the world. Do you know how it is made
First, flour is put into a large bowl. Then, yeast（酵母）, sugar and salt are added to the flour. After that, some warm water is poured into the mixture. The ingredients are mixed together to form a dough（面团）. The dough is kneaded（揉） for a while until it becomes smooth.
Next, the dough is put in a warm place to rise. It usually takes about an hour for the dough to double in size. When the dough has risen enough, it is punched down（按压排气） and shaped into loaves or other forms.
Finally, the shaped dough is placed in an oven. It is baked at a high temperature for about 20 - 30 minutes until it turns golden brown. After that, the delicious bread is taken out of the oven and left to cool. Now, the fresh - baked bread is ready to be enjoyed.