高中阅读解题方法+组合练习提优（1）学（含答案）案-2025届高三下学期英语一轮复习专项

Unit 1 阅读理解的解题基本步骤
高考试题里，阅读理解是重头戏。那么，做阅读理解，你是先看文再做题，还是恰好相反呢？尽管阅读习惯因人而异，但做题步骤却大致相同。根据高考阅读的特点，我们总结出以下解题基本步骤。只要坚持按此步骤训练，假以时日就可达到事半功倍的效果。
第一招：解题基本三步骤
第一步：浏览全文，抓住中心。
在这一步，务必牢记两个原则：读懂首段和其余段落的首末句；捕捉信息词。
拿到阅读材料，不少学生总是一口气从头读到尾，阅读速度看似很快，往往却是读到哪儿忘到哪儿。要改变这种做法，就要遵循以上两个原 则。
那么，哪些是信息词呢？信息词包括①关键名词的定语、同位语成分；②逻辑连接副词及相关连词（下文又称为“路标词”）；③有态度暗示作用的形容词、副词：④反复出现的词。
议论文和说明文的信息词比较容易捕捉；而记叙文，由于信息词比较模糊，阅读时就要格外注意文中的个性化表达，由一些情绪词来推断作者的言外之意。
第二步：审题定位。
通过审题定位，将每道题与原文的特定处挂起钩来。
如何做好审题定位呢？在完成第一步的基础上，认真读题，找出题干中的关键词（即定位词），然后在原文中定位关键词所在的句子，仔细阅读。这是一种定位意识，对于做题至关重要。
友情提醒：读题时要注意以下三点：
1．按问题顺序查读原文；
一般说来，问题出现的顺序往往对应原文的叙述顺序。因此，返回原文定位时可以按问题顺序进行。当然，主旨题等综合性题可以按本书后面介绍的方法做。
2．关键词／定位词在原文可能是问题中的原词，也可能是它的同义词；
3．要注意问题中涉及的观点或态度是作者的还是其他人的。
第三步：仔细比较。
这一步非常重要，是高考英语阅读的难点所在。有些考生读懂了（或误以为读懂了）原文，但正确率不高，究其原因，有些是凭印象做题，有些是凭常识做题，也有些是理解有误。切记：凭印象或常识做理是靠不住的，一切要眼见为实，务必仔细比较题干或选项与它们在文章中的对应句。
【典例】【重庆卷C篇，题目有删减】
Almost every machine with moving parts has wheels,yet no one knows exactly when the first wheel was invented or what it was used for. We do know,however,that they existed over 5,500 years ago in ancient Asia.
The oldest known transport wheel was discovered in 2002 in Slovenia. It is over 5,100 years old. Evidence suggests that wheels for transport didn't become popular for a while, though. This could be because animals did a perfectly good job of carrying farming tools and humans around.
But it could also be because of a difficult situation. While wheels need to roll on smooth surfaces,roads with smooth surfaces weren't going to be constructed until there was plenty of demand for them. Eventually,road surfaces did become smoother,but this difficult situation appeared again a few centuries later.There had been a important changes in wheel and vehicle design before the arrival of modem road design.
In the mid-1700s，a Frenchman came up with a new design of road-a baselayer（层）of large stones covered with a thin layer of smaller stones. A Scotsman improved on this design in the 1820s and a strong,lasting road surface became a reality. At around the same lime, metal hubs (the central part of a wheel) came into being followed by the pneumatic tyre（充气轮胎） in 1846． Alloy wheels were invented in 1967，sixty years after the appearance of tarmacked roads（柏油路）.As wheels design took off，vehicles got faster and faster.
What might explain why transport wheels didn't become popular for some time
A.Few knew how to use transport wheels.
B.Humans carried farming tools just as well.
C.Animals were a good means of transport.
D.The existence of transport wheels was not known.
2.What is the passage mainly about
A.The beginning of road design.
B.The development of transport wheels.
C.The history of public transport.
D.His invention of fast-moving vehicles.
【解析】
第一步：浏览全文，抓住中心。
段落 信息词 大意推测
第一部分 (Para.1) every machine with moving parts has wheels; they existed over 5,500 years ago 每个能移动的机器都有轮子，轮子已经有很久的历史了。
第二部分 (Para.2-3) oldest wheel... in 2002; animals did a perfectly good job、 also be because of a difficult situation; wheels need to roll on smooth surfaces; difficult situation appeared again 轮子并未普及，因动物表现不错，还有就是道路状况影响轮子的进一步发展。
第三部分(Para.4) In the mid-1700s; in the 1820s;in 1846;in 1967 不同时期道路设计的发展促进轮子（包括轮胎）的发展。
第二步：定位、比较。
1．C．推理判断题。题干关键词为didn’t become popular．定位第二段第三句。根据This could be because animals did a perfectly good job of carrying farming tools and humans around.（这或许是因为动物在拉运农具人们的方面做得不错。）可知由于当时动物使用的方便让轮子没能够普及。
2．B。主旨大意题。通过第一步中的图表，我们根据信息词进而得出每段大意，最后串联段落大意。可知：全文讲述了车轮的发展历程以及道路设计对车轮发展的影响。其实，wheel是反复被提到的词，中心大意必然有车轮。
组合练习 阅读+完形+七选五 Unit 1
一、阅读理解
When I stepped into the Samcheong Park Library in Seoul, I saw the future.The simple building had a nice
selection of books and a cafe where readers could enjoy coffee while gazing at the leaves outside. It was
specifically designed without any latest technology.
"What's so innovative about that " a librarian in Toronto asked when I showed her pictures. Innovation to her meant digital technology,like 3D printers.“Why couldn't they both be innovative ”I asked.
We are constantly told that innovation is the most important force in our economy, without which we would
be left behind. But that fear of missing out has led us to fall into the false trappings of innovation over truly
innovative ideas that may be simpler and more effective. This mindset implies thatif you just buy the new thing,
you have innovated! Each year, businesses and individuals run around like broken toy robots,trying to figure out
their strategy for the latest buzzword equipment.
At best,this is a waste of resources. Devices are bought, used and abandoned, as the technology's capabilities fall short of its promise. But at its worst, this approach can truly cause damage. Schools cut field trips to purchase tablets with few proven panies that applied AI into hiring have actually strengthened gender and racial prejudices.
True innovation isn't just some magic devices. It is a continuing process of reflection and reassessment,
which often means adopting “old”ideas and tools in a new context, or even returning to methods that worked in
the past.Adjusted properly，these rearview（后视的）innovations have proved as transformative as novel
technologies.
Look no farther than the streets of New York,which have been redesigned recently to accommodate cyclists with car-free zones.The idea isn't new. It was created half a century ago, with the aim of bringing cities back to their residents.And while e-reader sales have been exploding, Penguin just announced it would publish tiny printed books, an ideal solution for a market demanding both convenience and physicality.
1.How does the author like about the Samcheong Park Library in Seoul
A. Unexceptional
C.Refreshing.
B.Boring.
D.Old-fashioned.
2. What's the main idea of Paragraph 3
A. Innovation is important for the growth of economy.
B.The public has misread the meaning of innovation.
C. The true meaning of innovation is to buy new things.
D. Truly innovative ideas shouldn't be simple and effective.
3.What does the writer agree with about innovation
A.Wasting resources are a must for innovation.
B. Magic devices encourage innovation.
C.Innovation should be human-centered.
D.The power of technology is undervalued.
4.What is the writing purpose of the text
A. To convince people of the true meaning of innovation.
B. To show that future lies in returning to the past.
C. To introduce some best ideas about innovation.
D. To stress the important role innovation plays in economy.
二、七选五
I killed every plant I ever owned. But after making a few simple changes, my indoor garden is booming. Here are five ways to take on house plants when, like me, you do not have a green thumb.
Start with easy plants
1 .I can't tell you how many plants I killed because I didn't realize they were difficult plants.Just water and sunlight,right Apparently not. Orchids,ferns,and fig trees are beautiful,but they require a lot of care and know-how. So as a beginner, I decided to focus my efforts on easy plants.
Research
It might seem like a pain but doing a little research can be the difference between your plant surviving and
thriving. Look up how much sunlight the plant needs,how often to water it, what temperature it does best in,and
if it requires any special care. It usually isn't that complicated, especially if you start with simpler plants.
____2____.Keep them on note cards near the plants.
Create a watering schedule
Watering has always been a weak point in my plant care.Too much water can drown the plant. On the other hand,not watering your plant enough can cause it to dry out and die very quickly. After doing a little research,I have made a watering schedule to make sure I water my plants properly.3
4
When I first got my spider plant, I put it in a colorful pot and set it on my windowsill. It looked beautiful and matched perfectly with my living room. However, after just a few weeks,I noticed the plant leaves were losing their green color. I was giving it plenty of sunlight and water, so I couldn't understand what I was doing wrong! 5 .Therefore, I completely rearranged all my plants in my living room to cater to their specific sunlight needs.
A.Do it with love
B.Cater to the plant
C.Write down some of the basics
D.I even started listening to music while I did it
E. Like taking on any major project, it's best to start simply
F. It gets me to make plant care a part of my daily schedule, instead of just an afterthought
G. After a little research, I learned spider plants don't do well with intense afternoon sunlight
三、完形填空
The Healing Power of Music
Since Mom died and Dad lived alone, he was often angry, and lately he was getting more and more confusing.Today 1to be worse than usual. He had a new aid named Linda, from our home country of Lithuania.The 2_of a stranger was bound to make Dad even more_3
Sure enough,Dad started_4as soon as I got in the door. “This new girl doesn't know anything,”he whispered with dissatisfaction.
“It'll take some time for her to learn how to help you,"I 5_him.
The three of us sat 6 in the living room. I wished I could think of something to say. Lord, please help us feel more comfortable with this arrangement.
Linda_7_to her feet. Walking over to Dad's record player, she 8_a Lithuanian folk record onto the turntable（转盘）．The familiar accordion（手风琴）music played．Dad started 9＿along to it． Liuda smiled.
The music seemed to drive all the 10 from the room We chatted about Lithuania. It was one of the 11 visits Dad and I had ever had.
When I left,he hugged me good-bye and asked me to 12 old photos with him and Linda next time. 13, I had a look at the old Dad, the man I'd always loved_14 time with.
I'd come to Dad's house expecting the 15 .But with Linda's help and a little music from the old country,I'd found what I would always love.
1.A.promised
B.tended
C.planned
D.needed
2.A.choice
3.A.absent-minded
4.A.shouting
5.A.advised
6.A.impatiently
7.A.sprang
8.A.threw
9.A.laughing
10.A.tension
11.A.longest
12.A.check out
13.A.For a moment
14.A.treasuring
15.A.best
B.presence
B.ill-tempered
B.warning
B.directed
B.anxiously
B.went
B.placed
B.singing
B.atmosphere
B.strangest
B.hang on
B.At a time
B.wasting
B.commonest
C.name
C.light-hearted
C.remarking
C.comforted
C.awkwardly
C.struggled
C.grabbed
C.clapping
C.sound
C.nicest
C.get through
C.By the way
C.saving
C.worst
D.assistance
D.heart-struck
D.complaining
D.informed
D.boringly
D.came
D.played
D.smiling
D.warmth
D.rarest
D.look at
D.On the whole
D.spending
D.happiest
Unit 2
一、阅读理解
Computers are closely linked to education today and the Internet can offer any help you want.But for now,
experts say, don't throw away your books.Researchers in Span and Israel took a close look at 54 studies
comparing dial and print reading. Their 2018 study involved more than 171,000 readers."Students often think
they learn more from reading online.When tested,though,it turns out that they actually learned less than when
reading in print,” says the researcher.
Reading is not natural,explains Maryanne Wolf,a neuroseientist who specializes in how the brain reads.We
learn to talk by listening to those around us. It's pretty automatic. But learning to read takes real work. It's because
the brain has no special network of cells just for reading. To understand text, the brain borrows networks that
evolved（进化） to do other things. This is similar to how you might adapt a tool for some new use. For example，a
coat hanger is great for putting your clothes in the closet. But if a blueberry rolls under the refrigerator,you might
straighten out the coat hanger and use it to reach under the fridge and pull out the fruit. You've taken a tool made
for one thing and adapted it for something new.That's what the brain does when you read.
It's great that the brain is so flexible. It's one reason we can learn to do so many new things. But that can be a problem when you make a switch from your reading material to another type of it.Namely,when we read online, the brain creates a different set of connections between cells from the ones it uses for reading in print. It basically adapts the same tool again for the new task. This is like if you took a coat hanger and instead of straightening it out to fetch a blueberry， you twisted it into a hook to unclog a drain（疏通下水道）.Same original tool，two very different forms.
1.What can be known from the 2018 study
A. Students can learn more from online materials.
B. Reading in print leads to a better understanding.
C.The Internet counts a lot in gathering information. D.Fewer people prefer reading books at present time.
2.What is the writing purpose of Paragraph 2
A.To show what the brain takes to read.
C.To introduce a coat hanger's functions.
B.To illustrate how the brain evolves.
D To outline the features of reading.
3. What might cause a problem for the brain's flexibility
A.Different types of texts.
C.Different formats of texts.
4.What is the best title for the text
A.Always Bear Books in Mind
B.Basic forms of the tools.
D.Interpersonal connections.
B Try to Be a Reasonable Reader
C.How to Enhance Your Reading Comprehension D.Learn Better from Reading on Screen or on Paper
二、七选五
Every day, a sea of decisions stretches before us. It's impossible to make a perfect choice every time. But there is one particularly effective technique to improve our chances: critical thinking.
Prepare your question.
1 _For example,if you're wondering whether to go for fitness,there are many factors that will cloud your reasons. But, if you know clearly what you can get by body-shaping, that'll help you decide whether it really suits your needs.
Gather your information.
There's lots of it out there, so having a clear idea of your question will help you determine what's relevant.] you're trying to decide on a diet to improve your nutrition, you may ask an expert for their advice, or seek other people's opinions. 2
Consider the implications.
Imagine you've chosen a business based on his promise to make to cheaper for drivers to fill upon gas.At first glance,that seems great. 3 If gasoline use is less restricted by cost,this could also cause a huge surge
in air pollution-an unintended consequence that's important to think about.
4
Ask yourself why so many people are drawn to countless travel trips or destinations. Even if you disagree
with everything that travel agencies say, exploring the viewpoints might explain why some routes that don't seem
valid to you appeal to others.This will a low you to explore alternatives,evaluate your own choices,and
ultimately help you make more informed decisions.
This above process is just one tool, and it certainly won't remove difficult decisions from our lives. 5 And,if enough of us use it, it has the power to make the world a more reasonable place.
A.Explore other points of view.
B.Apply the information collected.
C.In other words,get to know what you're looking for.
D.Then what about the long-term environmental effects
E. But it can help us increase the number of positive choices we make.
F. Therefore, ask yourself about what interests you most and what is needed.
G.It helps you weigh different options, moving you closer to a wiser decision.
完形填空
There is much we can learn from dogs.In1,they are our best companions, seeming to understand our every emotion.They accept us when we feel 2 ,waiting hours for us to return from school. And for adults,they remain our3 friends.It's no wonder we have such 4 for them.
Capitan, a lovely dog, always_5_his master Miguel. But when Miguel passed away, Capitan
disappeared-only to 6 later at the graveyard（墓地），lying on Miguel＇s grave. Despite many 7 to
bring him home, Capitan always ran away, back to the graveyard 15 miles from the house. Such
8 touched Miguel's family and the graveyard caretakers. Capitan didn't 9 himself to new
friends.He just stayed close to the gravesite, sleeping there every night and sitting 10 during the day.
Capitan became a symbol of faithfulness. But it still remains_11 how he found the grave in the
first place. Miguel died in a different town and was 12_directly to the site. There was no clue for
Capitan to follow,yet he 13_the man he loved. For us humans, we can more easily find those we love.
Capitan reminds us that despite the difficulties that 14 us, there is always a way to get back to 15 love.
1.A.yards
2.A.left out
3.A.current
4.A.affection
5.A.amused
6.A.take off
7.A.reasons
8.A.devotion
9.A.prove
10.A.comfortably
11.A.simple
12.A.introduced
13.A.located
14.A.push
15.A.romantic
B.childhood
B.worn out
B.missing
B.respect
B.followed
B.carry on
B.chances
B.charity
B.compare
B.awkwardly
B.unknown
B.reduced
B.persuaded
B.threaten
B.selfless
C.neighborhood
C.stressed out
C.committed
C.hope
C.inspired
C.tum up
C.steps
C.sympathy
C.attach
C.perfectly
C.encouraging
C.transferred
C.revealed
C.combine
C.peaceful
D.schools
D.fed up
D.new
D.knowledge
D.struck
D.break down
D.attempts
D.preference
D.limit
D.watchfully
D.alive
D.linked
D.defended
D.separate
D.patient
答案
Unit 1
一、阅读理解
1.C 2. B 3. C 4. A
二、七选五
1.E 2. C 3. F 4. B 5. G
三、完形填空
1.B 2. B 3. B 4. D 5. C
6.C 7. A 8. B 9. C 10. A
11.C 12. D 13. A 14. D 15. C
Unit 2
一、阅读理解
1.B 2. A 3. C 4. D
二、七选五
1.C 2. G 3. D 4. A 5. E
三、完形填空
1.B 2. A 3. C 4. A 5. B
6.C 7. D 8. A 9. C 10. D
11.B 12. C 13. A 14. D 15. B