高中阅读体裁的解法+组合阅读提优（2）导学案（含答案）-2025届高三下学期英语一轮复习专项
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| 名称 | 高中阅读体裁的解法+组合阅读提优（2）导学案（含答案）-2025届高三下学期英语一轮复习专项 |  | |
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Unit 2 四种体裁的解法+组合阅读练习（2）
第二招：“点线面”法解记叙文
一、把握高考记叙文常用的基本结构：
顺序或倒叙-意外结局或哲理性结论
对于新闻类阅读（多属于记叙文），应该仔细理解标题或段首句，这就是文章的主题句，通过它可以迅速了解文章大意。
【老师插一句】无论阅读理解还是完形填空，只要是记叙文，常常都是为了宣扬真、善、美，即使是回忆过去做过的错事，到最后必然也是悔悟。
二、掌握人物事物类记叙文“三点”标注法
人物事物类记叙文往往按照事情发展顺序（即时间先后顺序）来写，务必牢记抓三点：“时间点、特殊点、专用名词点”。把握时间点就能很好的给全文划分段落；标注特殊点是因为这些部分往往就是考点：标注专用名词可以帮助我们快速定位。
具体解读“三点”：
1．时间点：具体年月日、today、every year on the third Tuesday in April、at the age of 14等：when、while、during、as等引导的时间状语从句。2．专用名词点：大写的都划下来（注意：出现多遍的只划最早出现的那个）。
3．特殊点：but、however、while、whereas等引导的强转折；after all，in fact，actually 等词也可表示强转折：与原情况不同之处也算作特殊点（在第一遍扫读文章时可能区分不出来）；比较级、最高级和用于表达比较或最高级含义的形容词也算特殊点。例：as muchas，than，three times greater，more than（程度），the more...the more， significant， important， superior to， inferior to 等。
“三点”标注技巧：
1．用自己习惯的三种标记进行划分，方便做题时迅速定位。
2．题目中出现的人名可作为搜索关键词，直接从已标注部分的对应句的上下1-2句中找答案。
一般而言，人物事物类文章可以通过“三点”法迅速扫描全文，帮助定位。但这类文章也有特例，若读了两三段后，发现可划的三点很少，说明不适合用此法，果断放弃，只能通过全面看文章，抓问题中的关键词来定位解题。
【典例】【福建卷A篇，题目有删减】
When I was 12， all I wanted was a signet （图章）ring． They were the ＂in＂ thing and it seemed every girl except me had one． On my 13th birthday， my Mum gave me a signet ring with my initials（姓名首字母）carved into it. I was in heaven.
What made it even more special was that it was about the only thing that wasn't being "replaced".We'd been burnt out in fires that swept through our area earlier that year and had lost everything-so most of the "new"stuff （东西）we got was really just to replace what we＇d lost. But not my ring.My ring was new.Then,only one month later, I lost it. I took it off before bed and it was missing in the morning. I was sad and searched everywhere for it. But it seemed to have disappeared. Eventually,I gave up and stopped looking for it.And two years later,we sold the house and moved away.
Years passed, and a couple of moves later, I was visiting my parents' when Mum told me that she had something for me. It wasn't my birthday,nor was it Easter or Christmas or any other gift-giving occasion.Mum noticed my questioning look. "You'll recognize this one,"she said,smiling.Then she handed me a small ring box. I took it from her and opened it to find my beautiful signet ring inside.The family who had bought our house 13 years earlier had recently decided to do some decorations,which included replacing the carpets. When they pulled the carpet up in my old bedroom, they found the ring.As it had my initials carved into it, they realized who owned the ring. They'd had it professionally cleaned up by a jeweler before sending it to my mother.And it still fits me.
1.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage A.The writer's family moved several times.
B.The writer never stopped looking for her ring.
C.The writer's ring was cleaned up by the new house owner.
D.The writer lost her ring in the morning when she took it off.
2.What would be the best title for the passage
A.My New Ring B.Lost and Found
C.Lost and Replaced D.An Expensive Ring
【解析】
倘若我们抓住了记叙文的“点线面”法，文章的脉络就很清晰了，如下：When I was 12, all I wanted was a signet ring..n my 13th birthdays my Mum gave me a signer ring with my gave up and stopped looking for it.And two years later we sold he house and moved away... Years passed Then she handed me a small ring box.
这样，我们再去做题，可以说是胸有成竹啊。
1．A．细节判断题。由第三段可知：15岁那年，作者一家搬家了，在第四段段首；Yeas passed，and a couple of moves later，可知，在这些年中他们又搬过几次家。A正确。
2. B 主旨大意题 文章第二段首句：What made it even more special was that it was about the only thing that wasn’t being replaced”，可见：这枚戒指不可替代。故排除C。最后一句：“Myring was new.＂但时隔多年，第五段最后第二句说对方请专业的珠宝商对这枚戒指进行了处理，说明它已经不断了。故排除A.。文章未曾谈及戒指的价格，故排除D.
第三招：抓中心法解说明文和议论文
（1）高考说明文结构大多为：先引出中心内容，再对中心内容加以说明。具体方法如下：
1．引出中心内容：（1）Abut B：如果文中第一段出现这种结构，只关注后面的B部分，因为B部分才是文章的中心。类似的结构包括：In fact，Actually等。（2）用熟悉的事物做类比：A is like B， A is as adj as B.一般而言，英语里面后出现的往往是重点，但这类结构是特例，重点在A部分。类似的还有：A means B. A contributes to B（还是表示因果关系）2．说明中心内容：（1）举例。这种形式最常见，标志性词组：for example，for instance，such as．很多人称之为“例证”。（2）讲原理。（3）讲好处。（4）讲问题。（5）讲应用。（6）分类说明：中心的两个侧面。主旨句也可能是复数概念，文章围绕主旨展开，说明主旨的各个方面。（7）强对比说明。（8）实验研究。
（2）议论文结构有两种：原因-结果型（Cause ＆ Effect）和问题-答案型（Question＆Answer）
1．原因-结果型（Cause＆Effect）；作者一开始先描述一个现象，然后对现象进行解释。这类文章的主题是文中最重要的解释或作者所强调的解释，阅读时要注意作者给出的原因，所以被称为原因-结果（Cause＆Effect）型。
2．问题-答案型（Question＆Answer）：作者在一开始或一段末以问句提出一个问题（相当于一个现象），然后给出该问题的答案（相当于解释），针对文中问题给出的主要答案就是这种文章的中心。
这里强调一点：答题时优先考虑正面答题（直接从文章内容得出答案），然后从中心、态度或利用解的特征等其他角度对选项进行检验；如果从文章内容中直接无法解决，则从中心和态度方面考虑；次之从解的特征方面考虑。
记住：首先从整体把握文章中心和作者所持的态度，靠近中心的就是答案。
【典例】
1．【四川卷E篇，题目有删减】
Fear may be felt in the heart as well as in the head,according to a study that has found a link between the cycles of a beating heart and the chance of someone feeling fear.Tests on healthy volunteers found that they were more likely to feel a sense of fear at the moment when their hearts are contracting（收缩）and pumping blood around their bodies，compared with the point when the heartbeat is relaxed. Scientists say the results suggest that the heart is able to influence how the brain responds to the fearful event,depending on which point it is at in its regular cycle of contraction and relaxation.
Sarah Garfinkel at the Brington and Sussex Medical School said: "Our study shows for the first time that the way in which we deal with fear is different depending on when we see fearful pictures in relation to our heart."The study tested 20 healthy volunteers on their reactions to fear as they were shown pictures of fearful faces.Dr Garfinkel said, "The study showed fearful fices are better noticed when the heart is pumping than when it is relaxed. Thus our hearts can also affect what we see and what we don't see-and guide whether we see fear."
To further understand this relationship， the scientists also used a brain scanner（扫描仪）to show how the brain influences the way the heart changes a person's feeling of fear.
"We have found an important mechanism by which the heart and the brain 'speak' to each other to change our feelings and reduce fear," Dr Garfinkel said.
"We hope that by increasing our understanding about how fear is death with and ways that it could be reduced,we may be able to develop more successful treatments for anxiety disorders, and also for those who may be suffering from serious stress disorder."
1.What is the finding of the study
A.One's heart affects how he feels fear.
B.Fear is a result of one's relaxed heartbeat.
C.Fear has something to do with one's health.
D.One's fast heartbeats are likely to cause fear.
2.This study may contribute to
A.treating anxiety and stress better.
B.explaining the cycle of fear and anxiety.
C.finding the key to the heart-brain communication.
D.understanding different fears in our hearts and heads.
【解析】
由test，study 等字眼可以看出这是一篇实验性说明文。此类说明文只要抓住了实验的结论就抓住了文章的中心，本文第一段便是实验结果，以下通过具体实验加以证实，最后提出希望，非常符合我们第二招里的规律总结。
1．A。细节理解题，由题干关键词finding，定位第一段第一句according to a．．．（依据研究，发现：心跳循环与人感知恐惧是有关联的）。锁定选项A。2．A，细节判断题。由题干关键词 contribute to（有助于）定位文章的末段。根据we may be able to．．（我可以能够更成功地治疗忧虑症，还可以治疗那些可能正遭受应激障碍疾病痛苦的患者）。锁定答案选项A。
第四招：题干对应法解应用文
某一方面的信息非常全面，能满足各种人对信息的需求，这是应用文阅读材料的特点，但在高考阅读题目中，常常仅就某一点提问，因此，考生是没有必要从头读到尾的。只需采用“题干对应法”：按照题目顺序，先阅读题干；再根据问题要求，结合题干关键词，依次有针对性地到文中定位答案范围，阅读相关部分快速寻找有效信息；最后比较原文和选项，对号入座。两点注意：
1．应用文往往会有一题问目的意图，答案通常在首段或末段。2．根据所提问题采用寻读、跳读的方法，这样方可有最佳效果。
如果有黑标题，也可以通过读标题快速掌握大意。应用文里最多的是省略词。我们应结合语境将其补全，例如：Driver wanted.根据句意，可将该句补充为：A driver will be wanted.
【典例】【四川卷A篇】
Fun Day
To celebrate the Year of the snake Organized by Lam Tin Youth Centre and Kwun Tong High School Date:2 February 2013 Time:10 am-5 pm Place: Kwun Tong Playground Fee:$20 (buy three get one free) Programmes:drama,lion dance,magic show and ballet performance Highlights: 1) enter the lucky draw to win a digital camera 2)learn to make festival food Join us on the Fun Day! All are welcome!
Free Soft Drinks
Note: ·Tickets are available at the General Office of Lam Tin Youth Center ·For those who would like to be a volunteer,please contact Miss Olivia Wong one week before the activity.
1.What you have just read is a D.poster
A.note B.report C.schedule
2.What is going to take place on 2 February 2013
A. big event to welcome a Chinese new year.
B.A social gathering to raise money for wildlife.
C.A party for close friends to meet and have fun.
D.A meeting of Kwun Tong High School students.
How much do you have to pay in total if four of you go together
A.$20. B.$40. C.$60. D.$80
4.Which of the following statements is true
A.Tickets are sold in Kwun Tong High School.
B.It's unnecessary to take soft drinks with you.
C.Free digital cameras are provided for everybody.
D.Festival food will be served without extra charge.
【解析】1．D．推理判断题。通过快速浏览加粗的文字，和“date；time；place；fee；programmes；highlights；noe 等词，得知是在介绍一项活动，因此，判定文章是一篇海报，选D项。
2．A．细节理解题。根据题干关键词2，February，2013定位原文，可知这是一项活动的举办时间，这项活动就是文章的标题部分“fun day to celebrate the Year of the Snake（蛇年）”，
3．C．推理判断题。根据关键词“how much．．．pay”定位原文的“fee＂，buy three get one free（买三赠一）-可知，四个人只要买3张票就可以了，因此，20＊3-60，选C。
4．B。推理判断题。根据B项中的关键词“soft drinks”定位原文，可知，饮料是免费的，因此，没必要自带饮料。
Unit 3
一、阅读理解
We often find ourselves struggling to control our thoughts,but why is it so hard to stop our minds wandering Research found our thoughts are less focused and under less control than we realize. In a 1996 study,participants reported more than 4,000 thoughts daily,each lasting no more than five seconds.In a 1987 study,people perceived 22% of their thoughts as strange, unacceptable or wrong.Then, is it possible to avoid unwanted thoughts,whether it's an upcoming exam or an unpleasant conversation The answer is:maybe.
In a 2022 study,the researchers showed paid volunteers a series of slides displaying different nouns.Each noun was repeated on five different slides. As they viewed the slides,the participants wrote down a word they associated with each given noun-for example,"road" in response to "car." Only the experimental group were told they wouldn't get paid for repeated words. With this method, the researchers sought to create a situation when someone experiences unwanted thoughts.
When the experimental group saw each noun for a second time,they took longer than the control group to come up with a new association, suggesting their first response popped into their mind before they replaced it. However,they got quicker each time they viewed the same slide, indicating that their association between the given word and their first response-the thought they were trying to avoid-was weakening.
“We didn't find evidence that people can entirely avoid unwanted thoughts,"said research leader Isaac Fradkin. "But the results suggest that practice can help people get better."
Not everyone agrees that a slideshow of random words can tell how people stop emotional thoughts.Other research suggests that avoiding thoughts can backfire. When we do it, we're sending our brains a message.This effort labels them as something to be feared,making them more powerful.
In the end, it might make more sense to take a mindful approach. "We can allow these thoughts to just be in our minds, not holding onto them too tightly and not trying to fight them,"said Fradkin.
1.What can we learn about our thoughts from paragraph 1
A. Most of our thoughts are valueless.
B. We tend to focus more on negative thoughts.
C.Our thoughts can occur and disappear easily.
D.We can't keep our thoughts for over five seconds.
2.Why were the experimental group told not to repeat the related words
A. To collect more associations.
C. To create a competitive atmosphere.
B.To make the task more challenging.
D.To set up a desired experimental context.
3.What does the underlined word "backfire" mean in paragraph 5
A.Have an opposite effect.
C.Reveal hidden problems.
B.Take back the wrong message.
D. Cause a mental breakdown.
4.What does Fradkin advise us to do with unwanted thoughts
A.Drive them away.
C.Leave them alone.
B.Try to understand them.
D.Learn to control them.
二、七选五
I＇m a hiker＂born to hike＂. It does my heart and soul good to take a pack and head out on a trail（小路）， especially when I'm alone and can let my mind wander where it will.1
Hiking keeps your brain sharper than many other forms of exercise. As a professional writer, although I am busy with my work, I often spare some time to hike.2
3_.Exercise in general can be a good way to decrease stress. But what sets hiking apart from other forms of exercise is that hiking can happen almost anywhere and give you the happiness that you can take from nature.
Hiking can increase our creativity.I'm sure I'm not alone in finding that walks in nature let my mind wander
freely in creative directions. 4 Sometimes,ideas relevant to music come up from unconscious places
when I'm not deliberately thinking.
Hiking helps strengthen a positive relationship with the natural world. Besides being good for us, hiking may also help the world around us. After all, if we stick to walking and covering longer distances,we could use cars less and reduce our carbon footprint. 5 .For example, it increases our connection to nature.As one study suggests,when we have a personal connection to nature,we are more likely to want to protect it. That means experiences in nature-like hiking-can be mutually（相互地）beneficial，helping people and the earth.
So,grab a water bottle,a backpack...and head out on the trail.You won't be sorry you did.
A.Hiking helps to keep you calm and happy
B.Beyond that, hiking benefits our planet indirectly
C. Following are the benefits you can get from hiking
D.In fact,I've written many of my songs while hiking on a trail
E. It's easy for me to come up with creative ideas while sitting alone
F. It not just makes me feel good, but also helps me keep the brain in top shape
G. This all goes to show that hiking maybe one of the best ways to move your body
三、完形填空
A dozen children ran around laughing and playing in the yard, while we parents sat chatting. The barbecue
had been cleared away when our host announced a(an)1.A huge movable rock wall was loaded in with
indented footholds（凹陷的立足点）that stretched straight up for what looked like at least a hundred feet.
The 2_kids rushed towards the wall.They swiftly 3 to give it a try, and with the
complete 4 _most children possess, scrambled to the top and rang the bell that hung at te highest point.
There wasn't really anything to be afraid of since they were 5_into place.
“Come on, let's go get in line,” my husband Neil 6 , “No,you go ahead without me." I had all sorts
of good_ 7 _:I didn't have the right shoes; I forgot my sunglasses. I have a unique talent
for 8 unthinkable danger in almost every situation, and this scene seemed 9 to me.I watched
everyone else having fun, though, and finally_10 myself to try it.
With all the 11_I could gather,I started the climb. The belt wrapped around me so there was no way to_ 12 _.“Yes,”I thought, "this is safe!"I_ 13_ made my way up, concentrating on each foothold.I_14 looking down to prevent any sudden panic, and finally I made it to the top and proudly rang the bell.
I enjoyed my success. It was such a relief that I 15 my fear and reached the goal.
1.A.game
2.A.naughty
3.A. turned back
4.A.aimlessness
5.A.thrown
6.A.urged
7.A.choices
8.A.facing
9.A.precious
10.A.advised
11.A.nerve
12.A.move
13.A.promptly
14.A.kept
5.A.abandoned
B.race
B.clumsy
B.ran around
B. carelessness
B.put
B.promised
B.intentions
B.seeing
B.dangerous
B.forbade
B.intelligence
B.escape
B.steadily
B.tried
B.conquered
C.danger
C. artistic
C. moved off
C.fearlessness
C.belted
C.complained
C.excuses
C.creating
C.interesting
C.tempted
C.inspiration
C.fall
C.reluctantly
C.began
C.hid
D.emergency
D.enthusiastic
D.lined up
D.restlessness
D.pushed
D.murmured
D.experiences
D.ignoring
D.dull
D.convinced
D.confusion
D.skip
D.hesitantly
D.avoided
D.lost
Unit 4
一、阅读理解
Quantum theory（量子理论）is perhaps the most successful scientific idea ever. Yet，a century after its birth. something remains deeply puzzling about quantum theory.It does not tell us how physical systems behave.Instead it treats any physical system as a black box: if you do this to it now, it will react like that later.What happens in between The theory simply doesn't tell us.
An idea has recently begun to catch on. Perhaps there is no need to make anything up about what lies behind quantum theory.Perhaps it really does reveal to us the deep structure of reality,where a property is no more than something that affects something else. Perhaps this is precisely what “properties" are:the effects of interactions.
Think of a simple object such as a blue teacup. Its being blue is not a property of the cup alone: colors happen in our brain as a result of the certain biological structure of our eyes and as a consequence of the interactions between daylight and the cup's surface. Its being “a teacup" refers to its potential function as a drinking container: for an alien who doesn't know about drinking tea, the very concept of a teacup is meaningless. As quantum theory shows: they are defined by their physical interactions with the rest of the world.
Then,it comes with a lesson.We understand reality better if we think of it in terms of interactions,not individuals. This is why, in classic game theory, the winners in the long run are those who cooperate. Too foolishly we measure success in terms of an individual's fortunes. It misunderstands the true nature of reality,and is ultimately self-defeating,which leads to unimaginable consequence and prevents us from addressing challenges that all human-kind faces as a whole.
1.What possibly does quantum theory tell according to the text
A.How physical systems behave.
C.What effects one has on itself.
B.How to treat physical systems.
D.What the structure of reality is.
2.How does the author explain "the effects of interactions”
A.By giving an example.
C.By quoting a scientist.
3. What does"It” in paragraph 4 refer to
A.The consequence we bear.
C. The fortunes individuals have.
4. What is the main purpose of the text
A.To clarify a physics theory.
C. To challenge a popular idea.
B.By making a comparison.
D.By conducting a survey.
B.The theory in classic games.
D.The way to measure success.
B. To draw attention to interaction.
D.To present reflections on games.
二、七选五
I'm ten years old,away at my first sleepover camp. The rest of the girls in my house ar trying to put
together a short humorous performance for the camp's show, and l can see that it isn't going to come together the
way they imagine. 1 . It seems as if I'm on the outside looking in when I'm supposed to be part of
something. I want to speak up and tell them how to fix it, but I've learned that being a know-it-all does not make
me popular.
2_.I don't enjoy humorous performances the way other girls my age do. I'm not comfortable hugging friends,but I do love listening to discussions about politics. 3 _.My fourth-grade report card outlined my social weaknesses with "needs improvement."
It wasn’t until decades later that I learned my uniqueness has a name： autism． My diagnosis（诊断）at 46 was just as the process like discovering a piece of my brain, picking it up, and putting it in place 4 .
What I've found out since is that there are a significant number of others like me-individuals who weren't identified a having autism until midlife.
Today,I am an enterpriser.My firm is called Liberty Co.,meaning that facing autism brings us freedom.My goal is to increase the population of autistic individuals in the workplace. ___5____
A.For the first time,I felt whole
B. I have a sixth sense about things like that
C.I feel lonely, but being lonely is better than being fooled
D. There is something about me that most people consider“different”
E. It provides a chance for me to be an advocate for people with autism
F.For many who have it, social interactions have to be learned as opposed to born with
G.And this seems to wear out the patience of my friends and even the adults around me
组合阅读答案：
Unit 3
阅读理解：C D A C
七选五：F C A D B
完形填空：A D D C B A C B B D A C B D B
Unit 4
阅读理解：D A D B
七选五：B D G A E
完形填空：D A B D D B A C D B C A A C C
三、完形填空
The schools in Massachusetts were thought as the best in the country.And an Olympic size swimming pool was the 1.But it wasn't for me.
I was quite 2 in regular classes and sat in the back so I'd not be 3 to read. Each Monday I would work my way to the back of the 4_forming at the diving board so I would not have to practice the dives.
My blood ran cold when the teacher 5 we would be graded for our final on the most difficult dive---the jackknife. I trembled as the line to the diving board 6_.As I watched,each student seemed to perform the dive 7 . They just jumped at the end of the board once, added a jump for_8 , folded her body in half, and finally 9_out like an arrow for entry into the water.
I think I was actually in a state of 10 _,because all of a sudden I saw these four steps as 11 .Then it was my turn.With my heart 12 ,I barely finished as I had 13 in my mind. Though I received an average grade that day,I was 14 with it. It was awesome to think that I just learned my first dive; 15 ,I believed whatever I met in the future, I would give a try first.
1. A.biggest
2.A.shy
3. A.called in
4.A.seat
5. A.claimed
6. A.lengthened
7. A.effortlessly
8. A.grades
9. A.jumped
10. A.hesitation
11. A.acceptable
12. A.pounding
13. A.pictured
14. A.patient
15. A.however
B.focus
B.autonomous
B.called upon
B.room
B.instructed
B.shortened
B.undoubtedly
B.dive
B.stuck
B.shock
B.reasonable
B.torn
B.judged
B.strict
B.instead
C.proof
C.consistent
C.pulled up
C.pool
C.suggested
C.formed
C.hopelessly
C.height
C.reached
C.satisfaction
C.doable
C.broken
C.expected
C.pleased
C.overall
D.best
D.dull
D. pulled apart
D.line
D.announced
D.disappeared
D.unbelievably
D.action
D.straightened
D.confusion
D.breathable
D.sinking
D.mentioned
D.connected
D.meanwhile
第二招：“点线面”法解记叙文
一、把握高考记叙文常用的基本结构：
顺序或倒叙-意外结局或哲理性结论
对于新闻类阅读（多属于记叙文），应该仔细理解标题或段首句，这就是文章的主题句，通过它可以迅速了解文章大意。
【老师插一句】无论阅读理解还是完形填空，只要是记叙文，常常都是为了宣扬真、善、美，即使是回忆过去做过的错事，到最后必然也是悔悟。
二、掌握人物事物类记叙文“三点”标注法
人物事物类记叙文往往按照事情发展顺序（即时间先后顺序）来写，务必牢记抓三点：“时间点、特殊点、专用名词点”。把握时间点就能很好的给全文划分段落；标注特殊点是因为这些部分往往就是考点：标注专用名词可以帮助我们快速定位。
具体解读“三点”：
1．时间点：具体年月日、today、every year on the third Tuesday in April、at the age of 14等：when、while、during、as等引导的时间状语从句。2．专用名词点：大写的都划下来（注意：出现多遍的只划最早出现的那个）。
3．特殊点：but、however、while、whereas等引导的强转折；after all，in fact，actually 等词也可表示强转折：与原情况不同之处也算作特殊点（在第一遍扫读文章时可能区分不出来）；比较级、最高级和用于表达比较或最高级含义的形容词也算特殊点。例：as muchas，than，three times greater，more than（程度），the more...the more， significant， important， superior to， inferior to 等。
“三点”标注技巧：
1．用自己习惯的三种标记进行划分，方便做题时迅速定位。
2．题目中出现的人名可作为搜索关键词，直接从已标注部分的对应句的上下1-2句中找答案。
一般而言，人物事物类文章可以通过“三点”法迅速扫描全文，帮助定位。但这类文章也有特例，若读了两三段后，发现可划的三点很少，说明不适合用此法，果断放弃，只能通过全面看文章，抓问题中的关键词来定位解题。
【典例】【福建卷A篇，题目有删减】
When I was 12， all I wanted was a signet （图章）ring． They were the ＂in＂ thing and it seemed every girl except me had one． On my 13th birthday， my Mum gave me a signet ring with my initials（姓名首字母）carved into it. I was in heaven.
What made it even more special was that it was about the only thing that wasn't being "replaced".We'd been burnt out in fires that swept through our area earlier that year and had lost everything-so most of the "new"stuff （东西）we got was really just to replace what we＇d lost. But not my ring.My ring was new.Then,only one month later, I lost it. I took it off before bed and it was missing in the morning. I was sad and searched everywhere for it. But it seemed to have disappeared. Eventually,I gave up and stopped looking for it.And two years later,we sold the house and moved away.
Years passed, and a couple of moves later, I was visiting my parents' when Mum told me that she had something for me. It wasn't my birthday,nor was it Easter or Christmas or any other gift-giving occasion.Mum noticed my questioning look. "You'll recognize this one,"she said,smiling.Then she handed me a small ring box. I took it from her and opened it to find my beautiful signet ring inside.The family who had bought our house 13 years earlier had recently decided to do some decorations,which included replacing the carpets. When they pulled the carpet up in my old bedroom, they found the ring.As it had my initials carved into it, they realized who owned the ring. They'd had it professionally cleaned up by a jeweler before sending it to my mother.And it still fits me.
1.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage A.The writer's family moved several times.
B.The writer never stopped looking for her ring.
C.The writer's ring was cleaned up by the new house owner.
D.The writer lost her ring in the morning when she took it off.
2.What would be the best title for the passage
A.My New Ring B.Lost and Found
C.Lost and Replaced D.An Expensive Ring
【解析】
倘若我们抓住了记叙文的“点线面”法，文章的脉络就很清晰了，如下：When I was 12, all I wanted was a signet ring..n my 13th birthdays my Mum gave me a signer ring with my gave up and stopped looking for it.And two years later we sold he house and moved away... Years passed Then she handed me a small ring box.
这样，我们再去做题，可以说是胸有成竹啊。
1．A．细节判断题。由第三段可知：15岁那年，作者一家搬家了，在第四段段首；Yeas passed，and a couple of moves later，可知，在这些年中他们又搬过几次家。A正确。
2. B 主旨大意题 文章第二段首句：What made it even more special was that it was about the only thing that wasn’t being replaced”，可见：这枚戒指不可替代。故排除C。最后一句：“Myring was new.＂但时隔多年，第五段最后第二句说对方请专业的珠宝商对这枚戒指进行了处理，说明它已经不断了。故排除A.。文章未曾谈及戒指的价格，故排除D.
第三招：抓中心法解说明文和议论文
（1）高考说明文结构大多为：先引出中心内容，再对中心内容加以说明。具体方法如下：
1．引出中心内容：（1）Abut B：如果文中第一段出现这种结构，只关注后面的B部分，因为B部分才是文章的中心。类似的结构包括：In fact，Actually等。（2）用熟悉的事物做类比：A is like B， A is as adj as B.一般而言，英语里面后出现的往往是重点，但这类结构是特例，重点在A部分。类似的还有：A means B. A contributes to B（还是表示因果关系）2．说明中心内容：（1）举例。这种形式最常见，标志性词组：for example，for instance，such as．很多人称之为“例证”。（2）讲原理。（3）讲好处。（4）讲问题。（5）讲应用。（6）分类说明：中心的两个侧面。主旨句也可能是复数概念，文章围绕主旨展开，说明主旨的各个方面。（7）强对比说明。（8）实验研究。
（2）议论文结构有两种：原因-结果型（Cause ＆ Effect）和问题-答案型（Question＆Answer）
1．原因-结果型（Cause＆Effect）；作者一开始先描述一个现象，然后对现象进行解释。这类文章的主题是文中最重要的解释或作者所强调的解释，阅读时要注意作者给出的原因，所以被称为原因-结果（Cause＆Effect）型。
2．问题-答案型（Question＆Answer）：作者在一开始或一段末以问句提出一个问题（相当于一个现象），然后给出该问题的答案（相当于解释），针对文中问题给出的主要答案就是这种文章的中心。
这里强调一点：答题时优先考虑正面答题（直接从文章内容得出答案），然后从中心、态度或利用解的特征等其他角度对选项进行检验；如果从文章内容中直接无法解决，则从中心和态度方面考虑；次之从解的特征方面考虑。
记住：首先从整体把握文章中心和作者所持的态度，靠近中心的就是答案。
【典例】
1．【四川卷E篇，题目有删减】
Fear may be felt in the heart as well as in the head,according to a study that has found a link between the cycles of a beating heart and the chance of someone feeling fear.Tests on healthy volunteers found that they were more likely to feel a sense of fear at the moment when their hearts are contracting（收缩）and pumping blood around their bodies，compared with the point when the heartbeat is relaxed. Scientists say the results suggest that the heart is able to influence how the brain responds to the fearful event,depending on which point it is at in its regular cycle of contraction and relaxation.
Sarah Garfinkel at the Brington and Sussex Medical School said: "Our study shows for the first time that the way in which we deal with fear is different depending on when we see fearful pictures in relation to our heart."The study tested 20 healthy volunteers on their reactions to fear as they were shown pictures of fearful faces.Dr Garfinkel said, "The study showed fearful fices are better noticed when the heart is pumping than when it is relaxed. Thus our hearts can also affect what we see and what we don't see-and guide whether we see fear."
To further understand this relationship， the scientists also used a brain scanner（扫描仪）to show how the brain influences the way the heart changes a person's feeling of fear.
"We have found an important mechanism by which the heart and the brain 'speak' to each other to change our feelings and reduce fear," Dr Garfinkel said.
"We hope that by increasing our understanding about how fear is death with and ways that it could be reduced,we may be able to develop more successful treatments for anxiety disorders, and also for those who may be suffering from serious stress disorder."
1.What is the finding of the study
A.One's heart affects how he feels fear.
B.Fear is a result of one's relaxed heartbeat.
C.Fear has something to do with one's health.
D.One's fast heartbeats are likely to cause fear.
2.This study may contribute to
A.treating anxiety and stress better.
B.explaining the cycle of fear and anxiety.
C.finding the key to the heart-brain communication.
D.understanding different fears in our hearts and heads.
【解析】
由test，study 等字眼可以看出这是一篇实验性说明文。此类说明文只要抓住了实验的结论就抓住了文章的中心，本文第一段便是实验结果，以下通过具体实验加以证实，最后提出希望，非常符合我们第二招里的规律总结。
1．A。细节理解题，由题干关键词finding，定位第一段第一句according to a．．．（依据研究，发现：心跳循环与人感知恐惧是有关联的）。锁定选项A。2．A，细节判断题。由题干关键词 contribute to（有助于）定位文章的末段。根据we may be able to．．（我可以能够更成功地治疗忧虑症，还可以治疗那些可能正遭受应激障碍疾病痛苦的患者）。锁定答案选项A。
第四招：题干对应法解应用文
某一方面的信息非常全面，能满足各种人对信息的需求，这是应用文阅读材料的特点，但在高考阅读题目中，常常仅就某一点提问，因此，考生是没有必要从头读到尾的。只需采用“题干对应法”：按照题目顺序，先阅读题干；再根据问题要求，结合题干关键词，依次有针对性地到文中定位答案范围，阅读相关部分快速寻找有效信息；最后比较原文和选项，对号入座。两点注意：
1．应用文往往会有一题问目的意图，答案通常在首段或末段。2．根据所提问题采用寻读、跳读的方法，这样方可有最佳效果。
如果有黑标题，也可以通过读标题快速掌握大意。应用文里最多的是省略词。我们应结合语境将其补全，例如：Driver wanted.根据句意，可将该句补充为：A driver will be wanted.
【典例】【四川卷A篇】
Fun Day
To celebrate the Year of the snake Organized by Lam Tin Youth Centre and Kwun Tong High School Date:2 February 2013 Time:10 am-5 pm Place: Kwun Tong Playground Fee:$20 (buy three get one free) Programmes:drama,lion dance,magic show and ballet performance Highlights: 1) enter the lucky draw to win a digital camera 2)learn to make festival food Join us on the Fun Day! All are welcome!
Free Soft Drinks
Note: ·Tickets are available at the General Office of Lam Tin Youth Center ·For those who would like to be a volunteer,please contact Miss Olivia Wong one week before the activity.
1.What you have just read is a D.poster
A.note B.report C.schedule
2.What is going to take place on 2 February 2013
A. big event to welcome a Chinese new year.
B.A social gathering to raise money for wildlife.
C.A party for close friends to meet and have fun.
D.A meeting of Kwun Tong High School students.
How much do you have to pay in total if four of you go together
A.$20. B.$40. C.$60. D.$80
4.Which of the following statements is true
A.Tickets are sold in Kwun Tong High School.
B.It's unnecessary to take soft drinks with you.
C.Free digital cameras are provided for everybody.
D.Festival food will be served without extra charge.
【解析】1．D．推理判断题。通过快速浏览加粗的文字，和“date；time；place；fee；programmes；highlights；noe 等词，得知是在介绍一项活动，因此，判定文章是一篇海报，选D项。
2．A．细节理解题。根据题干关键词2，February，2013定位原文，可知这是一项活动的举办时间，这项活动就是文章的标题部分“fun day to celebrate the Year of the Snake（蛇年）”，
3．C．推理判断题。根据关键词“how much．．．pay”定位原文的“fee＂，buy three get one free（买三赠一）-可知，四个人只要买3张票就可以了，因此，20＊3-60，选C。
4．B。推理判断题。根据B项中的关键词“soft drinks”定位原文，可知，饮料是免费的，因此，没必要自带饮料。
Unit 3
一、阅读理解
We often find ourselves struggling to control our thoughts,but why is it so hard to stop our minds wandering Research found our thoughts are less focused and under less control than we realize. In a 1996 study,participants reported more than 4,000 thoughts daily,each lasting no more than five seconds.In a 1987 study,people perceived 22% of their thoughts as strange, unacceptable or wrong.Then, is it possible to avoid unwanted thoughts,whether it's an upcoming exam or an unpleasant conversation The answer is:maybe.
In a 2022 study,the researchers showed paid volunteers a series of slides displaying different nouns.Each noun was repeated on five different slides. As they viewed the slides,the participants wrote down a word they associated with each given noun-for example,"road" in response to "car." Only the experimental group were told they wouldn't get paid for repeated words. With this method, the researchers sought to create a situation when someone experiences unwanted thoughts.
When the experimental group saw each noun for a second time,they took longer than the control group to come up with a new association, suggesting their first response popped into their mind before they replaced it. However,they got quicker each time they viewed the same slide, indicating that their association between the given word and their first response-the thought they were trying to avoid-was weakening.
“We didn't find evidence that people can entirely avoid unwanted thoughts,"said research leader Isaac Fradkin. "But the results suggest that practice can help people get better."
Not everyone agrees that a slideshow of random words can tell how people stop emotional thoughts.Other research suggests that avoiding thoughts can backfire. When we do it, we're sending our brains a message.This effort labels them as something to be feared,making them more powerful.
In the end, it might make more sense to take a mindful approach. "We can allow these thoughts to just be in our minds, not holding onto them too tightly and not trying to fight them,"said Fradkin.
1.What can we learn about our thoughts from paragraph 1
A. Most of our thoughts are valueless.
B. We tend to focus more on negative thoughts.
C.Our thoughts can occur and disappear easily.
D.We can't keep our thoughts for over five seconds.
2.Why were the experimental group told not to repeat the related words
A. To collect more associations.
C. To create a competitive atmosphere.
B.To make the task more challenging.
D.To set up a desired experimental context.
3.What does the underlined word "backfire" mean in paragraph 5
A.Have an opposite effect.
C.Reveal hidden problems.
B.Take back the wrong message.
D. Cause a mental breakdown.
4.What does Fradkin advise us to do with unwanted thoughts
A.Drive them away.
C.Leave them alone.
B.Try to understand them.
D.Learn to control them.
二、七选五
I＇m a hiker＂born to hike＂. It does my heart and soul good to take a pack and head out on a trail（小路）， especially when I'm alone and can let my mind wander where it will.1
Hiking keeps your brain sharper than many other forms of exercise. As a professional writer, although I am busy with my work, I often spare some time to hike.2
3_.Exercise in general can be a good way to decrease stress. But what sets hiking apart from other forms of exercise is that hiking can happen almost anywhere and give you the happiness that you can take from nature.
Hiking can increase our creativity.I'm sure I'm not alone in finding that walks in nature let my mind wander
freely in creative directions. 4 Sometimes,ideas relevant to music come up from unconscious places
when I'm not deliberately thinking.
Hiking helps strengthen a positive relationship with the natural world. Besides being good for us, hiking may also help the world around us. After all, if we stick to walking and covering longer distances,we could use cars less and reduce our carbon footprint. 5 .For example, it increases our connection to nature.As one study suggests,when we have a personal connection to nature,we are more likely to want to protect it. That means experiences in nature-like hiking-can be mutually（相互地）beneficial，helping people and the earth.
So,grab a water bottle,a backpack...and head out on the trail.You won't be sorry you did.
A.Hiking helps to keep you calm and happy
B.Beyond that, hiking benefits our planet indirectly
C. Following are the benefits you can get from hiking
D.In fact,I've written many of my songs while hiking on a trail
E. It's easy for me to come up with creative ideas while sitting alone
F. It not just makes me feel good, but also helps me keep the brain in top shape
G. This all goes to show that hiking maybe one of the best ways to move your body
三、完形填空
A dozen children ran around laughing and playing in the yard, while we parents sat chatting. The barbecue
had been cleared away when our host announced a(an)1.A huge movable rock wall was loaded in with
indented footholds（凹陷的立足点）that stretched straight up for what looked like at least a hundred feet.
The 2_kids rushed towards the wall.They swiftly 3 to give it a try, and with the
complete 4 _most children possess, scrambled to the top and rang the bell that hung at te highest point.
There wasn't really anything to be afraid of since they were 5_into place.
“Come on, let's go get in line,” my husband Neil 6 , “No,you go ahead without me." I had all sorts
of good_ 7 _:I didn't have the right shoes; I forgot my sunglasses. I have a unique talent
for 8 unthinkable danger in almost every situation, and this scene seemed 9 to me.I watched
everyone else having fun, though, and finally_10 myself to try it.
With all the 11_I could gather,I started the climb. The belt wrapped around me so there was no way to_ 12 _.“Yes,”I thought, "this is safe!"I_ 13_ made my way up, concentrating on each foothold.I_14 looking down to prevent any sudden panic, and finally I made it to the top and proudly rang the bell.
I enjoyed my success. It was such a relief that I 15 my fear and reached the goal.
1.A.game
2.A.naughty
3.A. turned back
4.A.aimlessness
5.A.thrown
6.A.urged
7.A.choices
8.A.facing
9.A.precious
10.A.advised
11.A.nerve
12.A.move
13.A.promptly
14.A.kept
5.A.abandoned
B.race
B.clumsy
B.ran around
B. carelessness
B.put
B.promised
B.intentions
B.seeing
B.dangerous
B.forbade
B.intelligence
B.escape
B.steadily
B.tried
B.conquered
C.danger
C. artistic
C. moved off
C.fearlessness
C.belted
C.complained
C.excuses
C.creating
C.interesting
C.tempted
C.inspiration
C.fall
C.reluctantly
C.began
C.hid
D.emergency
D.enthusiastic
D.lined up
D.restlessness
D.pushed
D.murmured
D.experiences
D.ignoring
D.dull
D.convinced
D.confusion
D.skip
D.hesitantly
D.avoided
D.lost
Unit 4
一、阅读理解
Quantum theory（量子理论）is perhaps the most successful scientific idea ever. Yet，a century after its birth. something remains deeply puzzling about quantum theory.It does not tell us how physical systems behave.Instead it treats any physical system as a black box: if you do this to it now, it will react like that later.What happens in between The theory simply doesn't tell us.
An idea has recently begun to catch on. Perhaps there is no need to make anything up about what lies behind quantum theory.Perhaps it really does reveal to us the deep structure of reality,where a property is no more than something that affects something else. Perhaps this is precisely what “properties" are:the effects of interactions.
Think of a simple object such as a blue teacup. Its being blue is not a property of the cup alone: colors happen in our brain as a result of the certain biological structure of our eyes and as a consequence of the interactions between daylight and the cup's surface. Its being “a teacup" refers to its potential function as a drinking container: for an alien who doesn't know about drinking tea, the very concept of a teacup is meaningless. As quantum theory shows: they are defined by their physical interactions with the rest of the world.
Then,it comes with a lesson.We understand reality better if we think of it in terms of interactions,not individuals. This is why, in classic game theory, the winners in the long run are those who cooperate. Too foolishly we measure success in terms of an individual's fortunes. It misunderstands the true nature of reality,and is ultimately self-defeating,which leads to unimaginable consequence and prevents us from addressing challenges that all human-kind faces as a whole.
1.What possibly does quantum theory tell according to the text
A.How physical systems behave.
C.What effects one has on itself.
B.How to treat physical systems.
D.What the structure of reality is.
2.How does the author explain "the effects of interactions”
A.By giving an example.
C.By quoting a scientist.
3. What does"It” in paragraph 4 refer to
A.The consequence we bear.
C. The fortunes individuals have.
4. What is the main purpose of the text
A.To clarify a physics theory.
C. To challenge a popular idea.
B.By making a comparison.
D.By conducting a survey.
B.The theory in classic games.
D.The way to measure success.
B. To draw attention to interaction.
D.To present reflections on games.
二、七选五
I'm ten years old,away at my first sleepover camp. The rest of the girls in my house ar trying to put
together a short humorous performance for the camp's show, and l can see that it isn't going to come together the
way they imagine. 1 . It seems as if I'm on the outside looking in when I'm supposed to be part of
something. I want to speak up and tell them how to fix it, but I've learned that being a know-it-all does not make
me popular.
2_.I don't enjoy humorous performances the way other girls my age do. I'm not comfortable hugging friends,but I do love listening to discussions about politics. 3 _.My fourth-grade report card outlined my social weaknesses with "needs improvement."
It wasn’t until decades later that I learned my uniqueness has a name： autism． My diagnosis（诊断）at 46 was just as the process like discovering a piece of my brain, picking it up, and putting it in place 4 .
What I've found out since is that there are a significant number of others like me-individuals who weren't identified a having autism until midlife.
Today,I am an enterpriser.My firm is called Liberty Co.,meaning that facing autism brings us freedom.My goal is to increase the population of autistic individuals in the workplace. ___5____
A.For the first time,I felt whole
B. I have a sixth sense about things like that
C.I feel lonely, but being lonely is better than being fooled
D. There is something about me that most people consider“different”
E. It provides a chance for me to be an advocate for people with autism
F.For many who have it, social interactions have to be learned as opposed to born with
G.And this seems to wear out the patience of my friends and even the adults around me
组合阅读答案：
Unit 3
阅读理解：C D A C
七选五：F C A D B
完形填空：A D D C B A C B B D A C B D B
Unit 4
阅读理解：D A D B
七选五：B D G A E
完形填空：D A B D D B A C D B C A A C C
三、完形填空
The schools in Massachusetts were thought as the best in the country.And an Olympic size swimming pool was the 1.But it wasn't for me.
I was quite 2 in regular classes and sat in the back so I'd not be 3 to read. Each Monday I would work my way to the back of the 4_forming at the diving board so I would not have to practice the dives.
My blood ran cold when the teacher 5 we would be graded for our final on the most difficult dive---the jackknife. I trembled as the line to the diving board 6_.As I watched,each student seemed to perform the dive 7 . They just jumped at the end of the board once, added a jump for_8 , folded her body in half, and finally 9_out like an arrow for entry into the water.
I think I was actually in a state of 10 _,because all of a sudden I saw these four steps as 11 .Then it was my turn.With my heart 12 ,I barely finished as I had 13 in my mind. Though I received an average grade that day,I was 14 with it. It was awesome to think that I just learned my first dive; 15 ,I believed whatever I met in the future, I would give a try first.
1. A.biggest
2.A.shy
3. A.called in
4.A.seat
5. A.claimed
6. A.lengthened
7. A.effortlessly
8. A.grades
9. A.jumped
10. A.hesitation
11. A.acceptable
12. A.pounding
13. A.pictured
14. A.patient
15. A.however
B.focus
B.autonomous
B.called upon
B.room
B.instructed
B.shortened
B.undoubtedly
B.dive
B.stuck
B.shock
B.reasonable
B.torn
B.judged
B.strict
B.instead
C.proof
C.consistent
C.pulled up
C.pool
C.suggested
C.formed
C.hopelessly
C.height
C.reached
C.satisfaction
C.doable
C.broken
C.expected
C.pleased
C.overall
D.best
D.dull
D. pulled apart
D.line
D.announced
D.disappeared
D.unbelievably
D.action
D.straightened
D.confusion
D.breathable
D.sinking
D.mentioned
D.connected
D.meanwhile