八年级下册第3单元试卷（原卷）
沪教版八年级下U3培优测试卷
学校：__________班级：__________姓名：__________考号：___________
一、语法选择（共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从1-15各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
In 2023, a group of scientists discovered a new way to recycle plastic waste. They found that certain bacteria (细菌) could break down plastic into harmless materials. This discovery 1 a big step in solving the problem of pollution.
Plastic pollution 2 a serious threat to our planet for decades. Many animals mistake plastic for food and die after eating it. However, the new method 3 hope to both humans and nature. The bacteria 4 in labs for years, but their ability to digest plastic 5 until recently.
“This is not just a scientific breakthrough,” said Dr. Lee, the team leader. “It 6 a practical solution. We plan to use these bacteria in recycling centers 7 2025.” The team also mentioned that the process 8 very little energy, making it environmentally friendly.
While some people worry about the safety of using bacteria, Dr. Lee explained, “The bacteria 9 harmful. They only target specific types of plastic.” The team’s next goal is 10 the process faster and more efficient.
This innovation reminds us 11 small actions can lead to big changes. If everyone 12 to reduce plastic use, our planet 13 a cleaner place. Let’s work together 14 a greener future.
1.A. is B. was C. has been D. will be
2.A. is B. was C. has been D. had been
3.A. offer B. offers C. offered D. has offered
4.A. studied B. were studied C. have studied D. have been studied
5.A. isn’t known B. wasn’t known C. hasn’t known D. hadn’t known
6.A. provides B. provided C. is providing D. will provide
7.A. by B. in C. on D. at
8.A. requires B. required C. is requiring D. will require
9.A. aren’t B. isn’t C. wasn’t D. hasn’t been
10.A. make B. to make C. making D. made
11.A. that B. what C. how D. why
12.A. tries B. tried C. will try D. try
13.A. becomes B. became C. will become D. has become
14.A. create B. creating C. to create D. created
二、完形填空（共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从16-25各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
Have you ever heard of “digital detox” It means taking a break from electronic devices like smartphones and computers. Recently, a study showed that teenagers who tried a digital detox felt 15 and more focused.
Last month, my school organized a 24-hour digital detox challenge. At first, I felt 16 because I couldn’t check my messages. But soon, I started to notice things I usually ignored. For example, I 17 a beautiful sunset and had a long talk with my grandma.
The next day, our teacher asked us to share our experiences. Some students said they 18 bored at first, but later enjoyed reading books or playing board games. Others found it 19 to concentrate on homework without distractions.
This activity taught me that technology isn’t always necessary. Sometimes, 20 from screens helps us reconnect with the real world. Now, I plan to have a digital detox 21 every weekend. Why not 22 it a try You might discover 23 joys in simple things—like watching clouds or listening to birds sing.
15.A. happier B. happier C. more happily D. more happy
16.A. anxious B. excited C. relaxed D. proud
17.A. saw B. see C. seeing D. seen
18.A. feel B. felt C. feeling D. to feel
19.A. easy B. easier C. easiest D. easily
20.A. staying away B. stay away C. stayed away D. stays away
21.A. at B. on C. for D. by
22.A. give B. giving C. to give D. gives
23.A. a B. an C. the D. /
三、阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
The Rise of Vertical Farming
Vertical farming is a method of growing crops in stacked layers (分层), often indoors. It uses LED lights and hydroponics (水培) to save space and water. This technology is especially useful in cities where land is limited.
A recent report shows that vertical farms can produce 10 times more food than traditional farms. They also use 95% less water. In Singapore, a vertical farm called “Sky Greens” provides fresh vegetables to local supermarkets. “This is the future of farming,” said Mr. Tan, the farm’s manager.
24. Vertical farming is mainly developed to solve the problem of ______.
A. water pollution B. land shortage C. climate change D. food waste
25. According to the text, vertical farms ______.
A. need more labor B. depend on sunlight C. save resources D. grow crops slower
26. What is Mr. Tan’s attitude toward vertical farming
A. Doubtful. B. Supportive. C. Uninterested. D. Confused.
B
The Mystery of the Bermuda Triangle
The Bermuda Triangle, an area in the Atlantic Ocean, is famous for mysterious disappearances of ships and planes. Scientists have offered many explanations, such as methane gas (甲烷) explosions or compass problems.
However, a new theory suggests that “rogue waves” (异常巨浪) might be the cause. These waves can be over 30 meters high and appear suddenly. In 2020, a satellite recorded a rogue wave in the Bermuda Triangle. “This could explain why ships sink so quickly,” said Dr. Smith, a oceanographer.
27. What is the main idea of the passage
A. The dangers of methane gas.
B. A new explanation for disappearances in the Bermuda Triangle.
C. How satellites help study oceans.
D. The history of the Bermuda Triangle.
28. The underlined word “rogue” in Paragraph 2 most probably means ______.
A. calm B. dangerous C. fictional D. tiny
29. Which statement is TRUE according to the text
A. All disappearances in the Bermuda Triangle are caused by rogue waves.
B. Rogue waves can reach 30 meters in height.
C. Methane gas is no longer considered a possible cause.
D. The Bermuda Triangle is located in the Pacific Ocean.
第二节 阅读填空（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
Why do we yawn Scientists have many theories. One idea is that yawning cools the brain. 30 When you yawn, you take in a lot of air, which may lower the brain’s temperature. Another theory suggests that yawning helps us stay alert (警觉的). 31
However, the most interesting theory is about empathy (共情). Studies show that people are more likely to yawn when they see others yawning. 32 This might explain why yawning is “contagious” (传染的).
33 For example, babies yawn even before they are born. 34 Next time you yawn, think about how amazing this simple action is!
A. This is common in social animals.
B. Yawning might have multiple purposes.
C. It could prepare the body for action.
D. The brain works harder when it’s warm.
E. But yawning is not just a human behavior.
第Ⅱ卷 非选择题
四、单词拼写（共6小题，每小题1分，满分6分）
1.The scientist made an important d_______ in chemistry.
2.We should protect e_______ animals like pandas and tigers.
3.The movie was so f_______ that everyone screamed.
4.Please f_______ the bottle with hot water.
5.The s_______ of the forest was destroyed by fire.
6.She r_______ her mistake and apologized.
五、完成句子（共7小题，每题2分，满分14分）
1.这本小说已经被翻译成了十种语言。
The novel ______ ______ ______ into ten languages.
2.如果明天不下雨，我们就去野餐。
______ it ______ ______ tomorrow, we will go for a picnic.
3.他不仅擅长数学，还对科学感兴趣。
He ______ ______ good at math ______ ______ interested in science.
4.你练习得越多，英语就会越好。
______ ______ you practice, ______ ______ you will be at English.
5.这部电影太精彩了，值得再看一遍。
The movie is ______ wonderful ______ it is worth watching again.
6.为了保护环境，我们应该减少使用塑料袋。
______ ______ the environment, we should ______ ______ plastic bags.
7.尽管任务艰巨，他们还是按时完成了。
______ ______ the task was difficult, they completed it on time.
六、书面表达（满分15分）
题目：科技与传统文化的平衡
随着科技的发展，许多传统文化逐渐消失。请写一篇短文，内容包括：
1.科技给生活带来的便利；
2.传统文化的重要性（如节日、手工艺等）；
3.如何平衡科技与传统文化；
4.你的建议。
（词数：80-100）沪教版八年级下册第3单元试卷（答案）
沪教版八年级下U3培优测试卷
第Ⅰ卷 选择题
一、语法选择（共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分）
1.C. has been
解析：上下文为现在完成时，强调发现的持续影响。
2.C. has been
解析：表示“多年来一直是威胁”，用现在完成时。
3.B. offers
解析：主语为单数“method”，谓语动词用第三人称单数。
4.D. have been studied
解析：被动语态，强调细菌被研究的动作持续至今。
5.B. wasn’t known
解析：过去未被知晓，用一般过去时被动语态。
6.D. will provide
解析：未来计划，用一般将来时。
7.B. in
解析：“in + 年份”表示“在……年”。
8.A. requires
解析：客观事实用一般现在时。
9.A. aren’t
解析：主语“bacteria”为复数，否定用aren’t。
10.B. to make
解析：固定结构“goal is to do”。
11.A. that
解析：宾语从句引导词，无实际意义。
12.D. try
解析：条件状语从句中，主句用将来时，从句用一般现在时。
13.C. will become
解析：主句为一般将来时。
14.C. to create
解析：不定式表目的。
二、完形填空（共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分）
15.A. happier
解析：形容词比较级，上下文暗示脱离电子产品后更快乐。
16.A. anxious
解析：后文“couldn’t check messages”说明焦虑。
17.A. saw
解析：过去时描述动作。
18.B. felt
解析：过去时态，描述当时的感受。
19.B. easier
解析：比较级，与前半句“bored”形成对比。
20.A. staying away
解析：动名词作主语，表示“远离屏幕”。
21.B. on
解析：“on weekends”固定搭配。
22.A. give
解析：“Why not do”结构，后接动词原形。
23.C. the
解析：特指“简单的快乐”。
三、阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
A篇（垂直农业）
24. B. land shortage
解析：原文提到“cities where land is limited”，说明土地短缺是主因。
25. C. save resources
解析：数据“95% less water”表明资源节约。
26. B. Supportive
解析：Mr. Tan称“这是农业的未来”，态度积极。
B篇（百慕大三角）
27. B. A new explanation for disappearances in the Bermuda Triangle
解析：文章主要介绍“异常巨浪”这一新理论。
28. B. dangerous
解析：上下文提到巨浪导致沉船，暗示危险。
29. B. Rogue waves can reach 30 meters in height
解析：原文明确提到“over 30 meters high”。
第二节 阅读填空（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）
30.D. The brain works harder when it’s warm
解析：解释“打哈欠降温”理论的逻辑。
31.C. It could prepare the body for action
解析：对应“保持警觉”的目的。
32.A. This is common in social animals
解析：说明共情行为的普遍性。
33.B. Yawning might have multiple purposes
解析：总结哈欠的多重功能。
34.E. But yawning is not just a human behavior
解析：引出动物哈欠的例子。
第Ⅱ卷 非选择题
四、单词拼写（共6小题，每小题1分，满分6分）
1.discovery（发现）
解析：科学家在化学领域的重要发现。
2.endangered（濒危的）
解析：保护濒危动物如熊猫和老虎。
3.frightening（可怕的）
解析：电影恐怖到让人尖叫。
4.fill（填满）
解析：用热水装满瓶子。
5.scenery（景色）
解析：森林的景色被火灾破坏。
6.realized（意识到）
解析：她意识到错误并道歉。
五、完成句子（共7小题，每题2分，满分14分）
1.has been translated
解析：现在完成时被动语态。
2.If; doesn’t rain
解析：条件句，主将从现。
3.is not only; but also
解析：固定搭配“不仅…而且…”。
4.The more; the better
解析：比较级句型。
5.so; that
解析：结果状语从句。
6.To protect; reduce using
解析：不定式表目的，动词短语搭配。
7.Although/Though
解析：让步状语从句引导词。
六、书面表达（参考范文）
科技与传统文化的平衡
With the development of technology, our lives have become more convenient. However, traditional culture, such as festivals and handicrafts, is fading away. These traditions reflect our history and values, so it’s vital to protect them.
To balance technology and tradition, we can use technology to promote culture. For example, apps can teach young people about traditional arts. Also, schools should organize cultural activities.
In my opinion, everyone should take action. Learn a traditional skill or celebrate festivals with family. Let’s embrace technology without forgetting our roots!
