考点20 特殊句式(核心考点精讲精练)
1. 高考真题考点分布
考点 题型 特殊句式
语法填空 年份 试卷类型 考点 考向
2024 2024·新课标I卷 / /
2024·新课标II卷 / /
2024·全国甲卷 / /
2024·浙江1月 / /
2023 2023·新课标I卷 / /
2023·新课标II卷 / /
2023·全国乙卷 / /
2023·全国甲卷 / /
2023·北京卷 seen 状语从句的省略
2023·浙江1月 / /
2022 2022·新课标I卷 / /
2022·新课标II卷 how +to do 作宾语 wh-疑问词+动词不定式
2022·全国乙卷 / /
2022·全国甲卷 / /
2022·天津卷(单项选择) I can hardly thank you enough.表感谢 固定句式
2. 命题规律及备考策略
【命题规律】
近3年新高考卷对于特殊句式的考查共计3次:
特殊句式在历年全国卷高考中并非重点,但是特殊句式在阅读理解和完形填空的材料中出现的频率比较高。
【备考策略】
1.掌握倒装的必备条件及倒装的具体应用。
2.熟知强调句的基本结构及其一般疑问句句式、特殊疑问句句式,注意其与结构相似的主从复合句的区别。
3.掌握省略的一些基本原则,并能正确使用。
4.掌握祈使句、感叹句的基本形式及用法。
【命题预测】
预计2025年特殊句式仍旧是会出现在阅读理解和完形填空的材料中且会以长难句的形式展现。另外,倒装句或者强调句在书面表达中属于高级句型,是写作高分作文的必备句型之一。
01 特殊句式(倒装句+强调句+省略句+反义疑问句+祈使句+there be 句型+感叹句)
一、倒装句
1)部分倒装
只把助动词/系动词/情态动词提到主语前面,叫部分倒装。主要包括:
1. only+副词/介词短语/状语从句置于句首。
例如:Only then did I realize the importance of English.
注意:
①在only+状语从句+主句结构中,主句用倒装结构但从句用正常语序。
Only when you have finished your homework can you go to the cinema.
②only修饰主语,不倒装。Only Tom knows how to deal with the tough situation.
2. 否定词(短语)开头的句子:
表示否定意义的副词never,nor,neither;
表示半否定意义的副词hardly,few,seldom,little;
含有no和not的词组by no means(绝不),in no time(很快),at no time(在任何时候都不),not until,not only … but also...,no sooner...than
(1) Never shall I believe you again.
(2) Little did he know who the woman was.
(3) Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted.
3. 以so开头,用“so+助动词/情态动词/系动词+主语”表明前面叙述的肯定情况也适合于另一个人或物,译作“也,同样,也如此”。表示前面叙述的否定情况也适合于另一个人或物,用“neither/nor+助动词/情态动词/系动词+主语”。译作“也不是,也没有”。例如:
The boy left home, and so did his sister a week later.
-I don’t think I can walk any further.
—Neither can I. Let’s stop for a rest.
注意:当so表示对前句内容的肯定、附和或进一步强调前面所说的情况,译作“的确,正是”时,用正常语序。例如:
— Tom works hard.
— So he does and so do you.
4. 如果虚拟条件句的谓语含有were,should,had,可以把if省略,而将这三个词放于条件句主语前构成倒装。
例如:
If there should be a flood,what would we do?→
Should there be a flood,what would we do?
5. 频度副词及短语often,always,now and then,many a time,every other day等放在句首时,有时也倒装。
例如:Many a time has he come to comfort me.
某些表示祝愿的句子也用倒装语序。
例如:May you succeed!
7.由as引导让步状语从句要用部分倒装或前置。句式为:表语/状语/动词原形+as+主语+其他。
Clever as he is,he doesn’t study well.
虽然他很聪明,但他学习不好。?
Child as he is, he knows a lot.
虽然他是个孩子,但他懂得不少事情。?
Much as I like it,I won’t buy it.
虽然我非常喜欢它,但我不买。?
Try as she might, she failed.
虽然她试过了,但还是失败了。?
注意:表语前的名词无形容词修饰时冠词要省略
全部倒装
把谓语全部提到主语前面,叫全部倒装。全部倒装包括:
1. There be句型:可以用在这类句型中的动词除be外,还可用live,exist,remain,stand等作谓语。
(1) There are many students in the classroom.
(2) Long long ago,there lived a king who loved horses very much.
2. 用于“here(there,now,then)+不及物动词+主语”的句型中,或以out,in,up,down,away等副词开头的句子里,以表示强调。
Here comes the bus.
Out went the children.
3. 由then引起,谓语为come,follow的句子。例如:
(1) Then came a new difficulty.
(2) Then followed eight years of the Anti-Japanese War.
4. 当句首状语为表示地点的介词短语时,也常常引起全部倒装。例如:
In the middle of our school stands a high building.
5. 表语放在句首时,倒装结构为“表语+连系动词+主语”。表语常为形容词、过去分词和介词短语。
(1) Gone are the days when they would do what they liked.
(2) Present at the meeting were Professor White,Professor Smith and many other guests.
6. 表语放在句首时,倒装结构为“表语+连系动词+主语”。表语常为形容词、过去分词和介词短语。
(1) Gone are the days when they would do what they liked.
(2) Present at the meeting were Professor White,Professor Smith and many other guests.
二、强调句
1)强调句型
强调句型It is / was + 被强调的成份 + that + 其他成份;用来强调主语、宾语和状语等成份。that只起连接作用,不作成份,但不能省略。有时强调的部分比较特殊,如主语从句、状语从句、名词、不定式短语、V-ing的复合结构等。
1. 强调句型的基本结构
强调句型的基本结构为:It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他成分。
强调句型的一般疑问句:Is/Was it+被强调部分+that/who+其他成分?
强调句型的特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+is/was it+that+其他成分?
2. 强调句型强调的成分
强调句型强调的成分:主语、宾语、状语。被强调部分指人时,用who或that皆可;指物时,只能用that;被强调部分是时间、地点,原因或方式状语时,不用when,where,why或how而用that。
It was the boy that/who I met in the street yesterday.
我昨天在街道遇到的正是这个男孩。(强调宾语)
It was in Beijing that we visited the Great Wall.
正是在北京我们参观了长城。(强调地点状语)
It is my mother who/that reminds me to get up on time every day.
每天都是我妈妈提醒我按时起床。(强调主语)
3. 在强调句型中,强调原句中的主语时,that/who后的谓语单复数的确定。
在强调句型中,若强调原句中的主语,that/who后的谓语动词的单复数应与被强调的主语的单复数形式保持一致。
It is the little boy who/that has broken a beautiful jar.
It is they who/that are going to attend your birthday party tomorrow.
4. 对not...until结构的强调
not...until结构的强调句型为"It is/was not until...that..."在这一固定句型中,由于not已经前移,that后只能用肯定形式。
It was not until ten o’clock that he went to bed. 直到10点他才睡觉。
I didn’t realize it until I got off the bus.→It was not until I got off the bus that I realized it.
5、强调句与主语从句的区别
主语从句译成中文时不可加上“正是……”“就是……”之类字眼,若删去“It is / was...that...”,则原句不成立。而强调句型若删去“It is / was...that / who...”,原句结构与语意均完整,译成中文时,常可加上“正是……”“就是……”之类字眼。
It is true that he once went to America.
It was at 8 o’clock that he came back.
6、强调句与状语从句的区别
It was at 7:00 that I arrived.正是在7:00时,我到了。(强调句型,强调时间状语at 7:00)
It was 7:00 when I arrived.当我到达时,时间是7:00。(时间状语从句,在7:00前无介词at)
7、含有定语从句的强调句型
在被强调的名词后再设计一个以该名词为先行词的定语从句,这时不要把定语从句当作强调句。
It was this school where (in which) he once studied that gave him a chance of teaching.
(1)若被强调成分是主语,who/that之后的谓语动词应该在人称和数上与被强调的主语保持一致。
It is he who/that often helps me with my English.是他经常帮我学英语。
It is trees that we plant on the hillside every year.我们每年都在山坡上种的是树。
(2)若被强调成分是作主语的代词,用主格;若是作宾语的代词,则用宾格。
It was he that helped me yesterday.昨天帮我的人是他。
It was me that he helped yesterday.他昨天帮的人是我。
(3)强调句中只用两种时态,即一般现在时和一般过去时。原句谓语动词是一般过去时、过去完成时和过去进行时,用It was...that/who...,其余的时态用It is...that/who...。
It is you who/that are to blame.是你该受到指责。
2)强调谓语
谓语动词的强调 It is/ was … that …结构不能强调谓语,如果需要强调谓语时,要用助动词do/does或did。 注意: ①do用于对肯定的祈使句的强调以及对实义动词一般现在时肯定句(除主语是第三人称单数)的强调; ②does用于对实义动词一般现在时肯定句主语是第三人称单数的强调; ③did用于对实义动词一般过去时肯定句的强调。 ①Do be careful when you cross the street. 过马路时,务必(千万)要小心啊! They do work hard at maths. 他们对数学的学习确实很努力。 ②He does send an email to me every day. 他确实每天都给我发电子邮件。 ③He did do his homework yesterday. 昨天他确实做了家庭作业。
三、省略句
省略句是我们在学习英语过程中能不断体验收获和趣味的一种惯用手法,无论是说话还是写作,都要求生动活泼,简明扼要。按照语法的分析, 有时句子应具备的成分出于修辞上的需要, 会缺少一个或几个句子语法结构所必要的语言成分,但在一定语境中可独立存在,仍能表达其意义完整并发挥交流功能的句子则被称为省略句。省略的结果不仅能使句子结构更加精练,而且可起到连接上下文并使相邻词语达到强调的作用。
1:状语从句的省略(重点)
在when, while, whenever, before, after,till, if, unless, as if, though, than, as等引导时间状语从句,条件状语从句和让步状语从句中,若谓语部分含有be动词,而从句主语又与主句主语相同或从句主语是it时,从句的主语和be动词常被省略。
状语从句含有it is或者主从句主语一致且含有be动词时,省略主语和be动词。
从属连词接现在分词强调与句子主语之间的主动关系,用过去分词强调二者之间被动关系。
例1:If (it is) necessary, you’d better refer to the dictionary. 如果有必要,你最好查字典。
例2:While (I was) walking along the street, I heard my name called. 走在大街上我听到有人叫我名字。
例3:The activity is more interesting than (it was) expected. 这个活动比预计的有趣很多。
[注意]
特殊的省略结构:if省略结构,常作为插入语来处理。
if so 如果这样的话; if not 若非如此 ; if ever 如果曾经有的话
if necessary 如果有必要的话; if possible 如果可能的话; if any 如果有的话
If possible,let me know beforehand. 如有可能,事先通知我。
(4)Get up early tomorrow, if not (you don't get up early), you will miss the first train.
明天早点起床,如果不的话,你将会错过头班车。
(5)Whenever (it is) possible, he will come to my help.
他会在任何可能的时候来帮助我。
[注意] 虚拟语气条件句中if的省略.
与If引导的条件从句中含有were, had时,可将if省略, 并用倒装结构。
Were I you , I wouldn’t go with him.
2:定语从句中的省略
(1)在定语从句中,当先行词在句中作宾语时,可省略关系代词that/which/whom。
例1:This is the dictionary (that/which) I’m looking for. 这是我在寻找的那本字典。
例2:The boy (who/whom) you are talking with is my eider brother. 和你谈话的那个男孩是我的哥哥。
(2)定语从句先行词是the way并在从句充当方式状语时,定语从句用in which 或that引导,其中that可以省略。
例3:I appreciate the way (that) she spoke to me. 我喜欢她给我说话的方式。
3:宾语从句中的省略
(1)一个句子含有两个宾语从句时,第一个that可以省略,第二个不能省略。
例1:I think (that) he needs some help and that we should help him. 我认为他需要帮助,我们应该帮助他。
(2)省略了一个宾语从句或从句的一部分,用so或not代替。
例2:—Is he coming back tonight 今天晚上他要回来吗?
—I think so. 我认为是这样的。
例3:—Is he feeling better today 今天他觉得好点了吗?
—I’m afraid not. 恐怕没有。
4:动词不定式的省略
(1)感官动词和使役动词接不定式作宾补时省略to;下列句型常省略不定式符号to:may as well do sth; had better do, do nothing but do sth; can’t help but do sth. Why not sth prefer to do…rather than do sth, would rather do…than do…等。
例1:We saw a pretty girl pass by just now. 刚才我们看见一个漂亮的女孩经过。
例2:Why not join us in playing basketball 为什么不和我们一块打篮球呢?
(2)在特定上下文中,为了避免重复,不定式可以省略但通常保留不定式符号to。
例:I didn’t want to go there, but I had to. 我不想去那里,但又不得不去。
(3)省略不定式符号to的情况。
a.当主语部分含有动词do的某种形式时,作表语的不定式可省略to。
The only thing you have to do is open the door.你唯一要做的事情打开门。
b.不定式作介词but(除了), except的宾语,前面有实义动词do的某种形式时,不定式常省略to。
I can do nothing but wait here.我除了在这里等无事可做。
c.当两个或两个以上的不定式并列时,后面的不定式符号to可省略,但表示对比关系时则不能省略。
I'm really puzzled what to think of and express.我真的不知道想什么和表达什么。
It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out.制订计划比执行计划容易。
[名师点睛] 省略句中to的遗漏
【误】She was reading in bed, and her mother told her not.
【正】She was reading in bed, and her mother told her not to.
[分析] 动词不定式在like, love, care, want, hope, wish, expect, prefer, refuse, decide, mean, intend, try, promise等动词后作宾语时,为了避免重复,常常省略不定式后的内容,但要保留不定式符号to。
d.在see, watch, hear, feel, observe, notice, look at, listen to等感官动词及使役动词let, make, have后作宾语补足语的不定式不加to,但当宾语补足语变为主语补足语时,不定式要加上to。
She saw him walk into the house.她看到他走进了那座房子。
He was seen to walk into the house.有人看到他走进了那座房子。
He had two boys wash his car.他让两个男孩给他洗车。
e.you'd better/why not后跟不带to的不定式。
Why not try it again 为什么不再试试?
注意:do what we can to do... 全力以赴去做...
5:介词的省略
(1)both 后常跟of短语,其后可以接名词复数形式,也可以接代词宾格复数形式。
接复数名词时,介词of可以省略,但接代词宾格时,of不能省略。
Both (of) the films were interesting. 这两部电影都很有趣。
She invited both of us to her birthday party. 她邀请我们俩去参加她的生日派对。
(2)在现在完成时表持续和重复的句型中,一段时间前的介词for可以省略。
(3)和一些动词搭配构成的短语中的介词
consider... (as)..., spend/waste…(in) doing花费、浪费时间做某事;be busy/occupied (in) doing 忙于做某事;prevent/stop …(from) doing阻止某人做某事;have a hard time (in) doing做某事有困难;have trouble (in) doing做某事有困难;There is no points/sense (in) doing做……没有用;have fun (in) doing做……开心。(4)his, that, next, last后接时间名词时,前边省略介词。
Trees can prevent the earth (from) being washed away. 树能阻止泥土被冲走。
I have difficulty (in) finding his house.
例1:She is occupied looking after her sick grandma. 她忙于照料她生病的奶奶。
例2:The police have been trying to prevent them carrying weapons. 警方一直都设法阻止他们携带武器。
用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空或单句改错。
6:比较句中的省略
以than/as引起的从句中,常会省略主语。因为主语省略了,所以尤其要注意识别哪个词是省略了的主语,进而选择谓语的数、时态和语态。
He is more of a writer than a historian. 他是历史学家,但更可以说是位作家。
He is more brilliant than ever before.他比以往更高明。
7: I'm afraid, I think, I believe, I hope, I guess等作答句,后面跟so与not分别相当于肯定或否定,宾语从句可省去。
(1)Do you think it will snow
—I hope not/that it will not snow.
——你认为会下雪吗?
——我希望不要下。
(2)—Do you believe Jim will come
—I think so.
——你相信Jim会来吗?
——我想会赢。
四、反意疑问句
反意疑问句是指当提问的人对前面所叙述的事实不敢肯定,而需要向对方加以证实时所提出的问句。
形式:句子+简短的疑问
1.反意疑问句的一般情况:
(1) 当陈述部分的主语是everyone,everybody,someone,no one,nobody,somebody等时,其附加部分的主语强调全部可用they,强调个体也可用he。例如:
Everyone knows what money means,doesn’t he/don’t they?
(2) 当陈述部分的主语是指示代词this,that或these,those时,附加问句中的主语分别用it和they。
例如: These are your friends Tom and Jack, aren’t they?
(3) 当陈述部分的主语是everything,anything,nothing等时,附加问句中的主语用it。
例如:Everything seems all right now,doesn’t it?
(4) 陈述部分带有否定词或半否定词,如:never,hardly,scarcely,seldom,no,none,no one,rarely,nowhere,nothing,nobody,few,little等,附加问句一般用肯定式。
例如:She seldom goes to the cinema,does she?
2.常见句型的反意疑问句:
(1) 当陈述部分是there be句型时,其后的附加问句也用there。
There will be a special exhibition on tomorrow,won’t there?
(2) 祈使句后面的反意疑问句问题:
①祈使句是否定形式,附加疑问部分只能用will you。
Don’t forget the meeting,will you?
②祈使句是肯定形式,附加疑问部分用肯定、否定均可。
Give me some cigarettes,will you/ won’t you?
3.复合句的反意疑问句
当陈述部分是“I’m sure,I’m afraid,I don’t think(suppose,expect,imagine,believe等)+宾语从句”结构时,附加问句应与从句主语和谓语动词保持对应关系,但要注意陈述部分的否定转移现象。
4.关于情态动词的反意疑问句:
(1) 陈述部分中有have/had to,附加疑问句部分通常用do的相应形式代替。例如:
You have to get up early tomorrow to catch the first bus,don’t you?
(2) 陈述部分中是mustn’t表示“禁止”时,附加疑问句部分用must;陈述部分中的must表示“一定、想必”等推测意义时,附加疑问句部分则是根据陈述部分的谓语动词或其助动词来定。
(3) 陈述部分是I wish,表示询问或征求意见,附加疑问部分用may I。
例如:I wish to see you again,may I?
五、祈使句
一)、祈使句的句式特征
祈使句常常是表达说话人对对方的劝告、叮嘱、请求或命令等。因此,祈使句中一般没有主语,但根据其句意,实际上是省略了主语you。祈使句句末用感叹号或句号,朗读时,常用降调。在表达请求或劝告时,在祈使句前或句末可加上please,以使句子的语气更加缓和或客气。祈使句一般没有时态的变化,也不能与情态动词连用。
Keep off the grass! 勿踩踏草地!
Put the boxes in the small room. 把那些盒子放到那个小房间里。
二)、祈使句的肯定句式
祈使句的肯定句式一般分为以下三种类型:
1. 行为动词原形+其他成分。
Make sentences after the model. 根据例句造句。
2. Be动词+其他成分(形容词、名词或介词短语等)。
Be careful when crossing the street. 过马路时要小心。
3. Let + 宾语 + 动词原形 + 其他成分。
Let him go back now. 让他现在回去吧。
六、There be 句型
一、不同时态的There be 结构
1. There will be thousands of football fans in London next month.
(一般将来时)下个月伦敦将有成千上万的球迷。
2. There is going to be a film in our school this weekend.
(一般将来时)我们学校这个周末有一场电影。
3. There is to be a concert at the Albert Hall tonight. It is to be broadcast live.
(一般将来时)今晚在阿尔伯特会堂举行音乐会,将要进行实况转播。
4. There have been a lot of accidents round here.
(现在完成时)这里出过许多事故。
5. There has been some awful weather lately, hasn’t there
(现在完成时)最近天气有时很糟糕,不是吗
6. He told me that there had been an argument between them.
(过去完成时)他告诉我他们之间有过一场辩论。
7. There will have been a definite result before Friday.
(将来完成时)星期五以前将肯定会有结果。
二、含有情态动词的There be 结构
1. There would be fewer accidents if drivers took care.司机如果小心开车就会少出事故。
2. He felt that there must be something wrong with the car.他当时感觉车肯定出毛病了。
3. There may quite well be another demonstration tonight.今晚也许又有一场示威。
4. Why do there have to be poor people like those 为什么有像那样的一些穷人呢
5. There used to be a cinema here before the war.战前这儿有家电影院。
6. There must have been a rain last night, for the ground is wet. 昨晚肯定下雨了,因为地面湿着呢。
三、There be 结构经常和appear, seem, need, chance, happen, prove 等动词搭配
1. There appears to be little enthusiasm for your idea.
人们好像对你的想法不大热心。
2. There seems to be something wrong with this computer.
这台电脑好像出毛病了。
3. There doesn’t seem to have been any difficulty over the money question. 好像没有钱的困难。
4. There appear to have been some nasty accidents.
似乎已发生了几起严重事故。
5. There needs to be a system set up to judge the quality of the English language training.
需要建立一套系统来评判英语培训的质量。
四、There be 结构也和be sure, be supposed, be said, be known 等短语搭配
1. There is sure to be a place where we can find a restaurant.
肯定有我们能找到饭店的地方。
2. There are supposed to be wild animals in the hills.
这山里应该有野生动物。
3. There is said to be a secret tunnel beneath the building.
据说这幢大楼下面有一条秘密通道。
4. There are known to be thousands of snakes on the island.
据了解,那座岛上有成千上万条蛇。
五、There be 结构的非谓语动词形式
There be句型也可以以不定式(there to be)、动名词(there being)和现在分词(there being)的形式出现在句子中,在句中作主语、宾语或状语。
1. I expect there to be no argument about this.
(不定式短语作动词expect的宾语)我期望关于这件事不要争了。
2. I should prefer there to be no discussion of my private affairs.(不定式短语作动词prefer的宾语)我宁愿不要讨论我的私事。
3. I don’t want there to be any doubt about this. (不定式短语作动词want的宾语)我不希望对此有任何怀疑。
4. Would you like there to be a meeting to discuss the problem
(不定式短语作动词like的宾语)你想要开会讨论这个问题吗
5. If you don’t mind there being so much noise around, you are quite welcome to stay.
(动名词短语作动词mind的宾语)你如果不介意周围这么大噪音的话,欢迎你留下。
6. What’s the chance of there being an election this year
(动名词短语作介词of 的宾语)今年举行选举的可能性有多大
7. There being nothing else to do, we went home.
(现在分词短语作原因状语)因为没事其他事可做,我们就回家了。
8. They closed the door, there being no customers.
(现在分词短语作原因状语) 他们的店关门了,因为没有顾客。
六、There be结构中的be用其他动词来代替
为了表达生动,在正式文体或文学作品中,可用表示状态、发生、位置转移等意义的其他动词来代替动词be。常这样用的动词有:live,lie,stand,remain,exist,occur,arise,rise,follow,come,enter,reach等。
There exist many ancient temples of this kind on the shores of the Mediterranean. 在地中海沿岸地带,有许多这样的古庙。
Not long after this, there rose a sudden revolution. 此后不久,突然爆发了一场革命。
Suddenly there entered a strange figure dressed all in black. 突然进来一个穿着一身黑的陌生人。
There goes the bus.公交车来了。
On the hill (there) stands a house.山上有个房子。
七.There be句型需要掌握的重点句型
1.There is no doubt/question that- 毫无疑问……
There is no question of doing sth. :①……是毫无疑问的②……是不可能的。
There is no question that it is true.
There is no doubt that they can get the machine working very soon.
2. There is no + doing:不可能……;无法……;没有办法……
There is no joking about it.这事开不得玩笑。
There is no telling what will happen.无法预料会发生什么。
There is no holding back the wheel of history.历史车轮不可阻挡。
3. There is no + 名词+ in doing : …是没有意义的/无用的
There is no point in doing sth. ……是没有意义的
There is no sense in doing sth. ……没有理由/没有好处;
There is no use/good in doing sth…没有好处
There is no harm in doing sth…没有害处
There is no point in arguing with him further.进一步和他争论是没有意义的。
here is no harm in doing sth.=it does no harm (for sb.) to do sth.
七、感叹句
感叹句表示说话时的惊讶、喜悦、赞赏和愤怒等情绪。
what引导的感叹句
what是感叹形容词,中心词必须是名词,名词前可以有冠词和形容词修饰,
注意感叹句用陈述语序。具体有三种类型:
What引导的感叹句典型场合 典型示例
What +a (n)+形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语! What a beautiful voice she has! 她的声音多美啊!
What+形容词+可数名词复数+主语+谓语! What kind doctors they are! 他们是多好的医生啊!
What+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语! What fine weather it is today! 今天的天气真好呀!
2)how引导的感叹句
1:1.how是感叹副词,用作状语,修饰形容词、副词或动。
2.注意感叹句用陈述语序。具体有四种类型。
How引导的感叹句典型场合 典型示例
How+形容词+主语+谓语! How generous you are! 你真慷慨啊!
How+副词+主语+谓语! How beautifully she dances! 她的舞蹈跳得太棒了!
How +形容词+a(an)+可数名词单数+主语+谓语! How hardworking a student he is! 他是多么用功的学生啊!
How+主语+谓语! How time flies! 时间过得多快啊!
3)感叹句用于宾语从句
1.感叹句还可以用于宾语从句,
2.从句引导词不变,语序不变,谓语动词时态与整句保持呼应。
You can’t imagine how excited they were when they received Christmas gifts. 你难以想象他们收到圣诞礼物是多么激动呀。
1.【2023年北京卷】Mangroves, known as “red forest” in China, grow between land and sea, characterised by their complex roots. When ____14____(see) from afar, the mangrove forests appear more splendid.
2.【2022年新高考2卷】He saved my son's life," said Mrs. Brown. "I don't know ___45___ to thank him. ”
1.(2023年全国高三专题练习)It is the test system, rather than the teachers, _____ is to blame for the students’ heavy burden nowadays.
(2023年全国高三专题练习)We expect there __________(be) a lot of discussions about the problem.
02 书面表达中特殊句式聚焦
(强调句)
句子练习:
我震惊得睁大眼睛, 目瞪口呆。
_____________________________________________________________________________________.
他非常绝望,借酒消愁。
_____________________________________________________________________________________.
她心事太重,因此没听到妈妈的问题。
_____________________________________________________________________________________.
他的吼叫声实在太猛烈、太可怕,吓得小猫从他身旁跳开了。
_____________________________________________________________________________________.
(倒装句)
部分倒装
句子练习:
直到那只免子完全消失在我们的视线中,我们才不追了。
_____________________________________________________________________________________.
直到那时Megan才说出了困扰她一整天的事。
_____________________________________________________________________________________.
全部倒装
句子练习:
1.黑暗中传来一个他从来没有听过的声音。
_____________________________________________________________________________________.
2.他的脑中闪过一位英雄战士的形象。
_____________________________________________________________________________________.
3.站在前门的是Jane的丈夫,他在找不到Jane的时候非常焦急。
_____________________________________________________________________________________.
4.他僵硬的脸上有一种恐惧和仇恨的表情。
_____________________________________________________________________________________.
5.在她的前面是另一条长长的通道,她正好看到免子匆匆向远处跑去。
_____________________________________________________________________________________.
3.Such位于句前作表语
这就是“有志者事竞成”这个真理。
_____________________________________________________________________________________.
这就是成功的秘诀,多一点点努力,多一点点决心,你就能创造出多一点点的奇迹。
_____________________________________________________________________________________.
(虚拟语气)
句子练习:
如果没有挫折,我们的人生就不会充满精彩的故事。
_____________________________________________________________________________________.
要不是这次经历,我就不会意识到我应该花更多的时间和家人在一起。
_____________________________________________________________________________________.
要是没有Eric当时的鼓励,我可能接下来的一天都仍然沉浸在悲伤的情绪里。
_____________________________________________________________________________________.
如果没有这些钱,这个人可能会一 整晚挨饿,失去对生活的希望。
_____________________________________________________________________________________.
Steven 尴尬地低下头,真希望刚才没有口误。
_____________________________________________________________________________________.
伙伴们都在到处跑着,玩得很开心,可Susan却独自坐在草坪上,希望自己此刻在家里。
_____________________________________________________________________________________.
“要是我当初听取了妈妈的建议该多好!”小女孩低声对自己说。
_____________________________________________________________________________________.
再给我一次机会的话, 我不会再以外貌来判断一个人。
_____________________________________________________________________________________.
如果再给我一-次机会,我会毫不犹豫地与他分享我的食物。
_____________________________________________________________________________________.
(最新模拟试题演练)
1.【2024届四川省绵阳市高三下学期第三次诊断性考试】 It is because of the continuous innovation and inclusiveness (包容性) in the Shang Dynasty 60 the Yin Ruins reached the glorious stage of the early civilization of the Chinese nation,” said He Yuling, deputy director of the Anyang workstation.
2.【2024届湖北省高三下学期新高考三模】 His 8 (mother) ancestors arrived in Australia from China in the 1830s, just before the Gold Rush which saw thousands of Chinese 9 (make) the journey to the gold fields in eastern Australia in the 1850s and 1860s.
3.(2023年安徽省高中毕业班高三第三次联考试题) It wasn’t until the Ming and Qing dynasties ________ the seal’s usage moved from the imperial to the personal, due to the expansion of arts.
4.(2023年浙江高三模拟测试) Not until I returned________I realize that a quiet town life was the best for me.
5.(2023年重庆市南开中学校高三第十次质量检测英语试题)It’s fun when several friends and families gather around and chat while (put) meat on the barbecue skewers.
(2023年上海市高三模拟试题)Although__________(face) with all kinds of difficulties, he never wanted to give up.
(2023年河南省南阳市第一中学英语试题) Much________ I like it, I won’t buy it.
8.(2023年全国高三试题)We all wonder why it is ____ so many students and their families are visiting Boston-area schools, such as Harvard, in their summer holidays.
9.(2023年哈尔滨师大附中模拟考试)Do not leave the building until __________(instruct) to do so.
10.(2023年河南省郑州高三联考试题) ________ was only after I heard she became sick that I learned she couldn’t eat meat.
11.(2023年全国高三试题)While ________ (walk) along the paths, you can hear the sweet songs of bird.
12.(2023届广东省深圳市高三年级模拟试题) You’ve probably heard that most Canadians want governments to do more on climate. That’s what two-thirds of the public tell pollsters when ________ (ask).
(2024·河北石家庄·三模)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Chinese Qingming Festival, also known as Tomb Sweeping Day, celebrates the beginning of spring and is the occasion 21 families show respect to their ancestors by visiting and cleaning their tombs. The festival takes place on the 15th day after the Spring Equinox (春分), which falls on April 4th 22 5th. As Qingming comes, temperature rises and rainfall increases, 23 (indicate)an important time for sowing seeds.
The Qingming Festival 24 (date) back more than 2,500 years and it originated from Hanshi Day, meaning “a day with cold food only”. One story has it that Jie Zitui, who was a loyal man to his lord Duke Wen, died in a fire in 636 BCE. So Duke Wen ordered three days without fire 25 memory of Jie. The next year, he ordered that the day after Hanshi Day should be the Qingming Festival, a day to honor 26 dead. Over time, the two festivals 27 (eventual) combined and the traditions of eating cold food and honoring ancestors became 28 (attach) to the Qingming Festival.
While there is much sadness surrounding Tomb Sweeping Day, there is also 29 (celebrate) , happiness and a festive atmosphere. Nowadays, the Qingming Festival is a time of multiple 30 (activity) , such as tomb sweeping, spring outing, flying kites and eating festive food like Qingtuan.
2023年
【2023年北京卷】Mangroves, known as “red forest” in China, grow between land and sea, characterised by their complex roots. When ____14____(see) from afar, the mangrove forests appear more splendid.
2022年
1.【2022年新高考2卷】He saved my son's life," said Mrs. Brown. "I don't know ___45___ to thank him. ”考点20 特殊句式(核心考点精讲精练)
1. 高考真题考点分布
考点 题型 特殊句式
语法填空 年份 试卷类型 考点 考向
2024 2024·新课标I卷 / /
2024·新课标II卷 / /
2024·全国甲卷 / /
2024·浙江1月 / /
2023 2023·新课标I卷 / /
2023·新课标II卷 / /
2023·全国乙卷 / /
2023·全国甲卷 / /
2023·北京卷 seen 状语从句的省略
2023·浙江1月 / /
2022 2022·新课标I卷 / /
2022·新课标II卷 how +to do 作宾语 wh-疑问词+动词不定式
2022·全国乙卷 / /
2022·全国甲卷 / /
2022·天津卷(单项选择) I can hardly thank you enough.表感谢 固定句式
2. 命题规律及备考策略
【命题规律】
近3年新高考卷对于特殊句式的考查共计3次:
特殊句式在历年全国卷高考中并非重点,但是特殊句式在阅读理解和完形填空的材料中出现的频率比较高。
【备考策略】
1.掌握倒装的必备条件及倒装的具体应用。
2.熟知强调句的基本结构及其一般疑问句句式、特殊疑问句句式,注意其与结构相似的主从复合句的区别。
3.掌握省略的一些基本原则,并能正确使用。
4.掌握祈使句、感叹句的基本形式及用法。
【命题预测】
预计2025年特殊句式仍旧是会出现在阅读理解和完形填空的材料中且会以长难句的形式展现。另外,倒装句或者强调句在书面表达中属于高级句型,是写作高分作文的必备句型之一。
01 特殊句式(倒装句+强调句+省略句+反义疑问句+祈使句+there be 句型+感叹句)
一、倒装句
1)部分倒装
只把助动词/系动词/情态动词提到主语前面,叫部分倒装。主要包括:
1. only+副词/介词短语/状语从句置于句首。
例如:Only then did I realize the importance of English.
注意:
①在only+状语从句+主句结构中,主句用倒装结构但从句用正常语序。
Only when you have finished your homework can you go to the cinema.
②only修饰主语,不倒装。Only Tom knows how to deal with the tough situation.
2. 否定词(短语)开头的句子:
表示否定意义的副词never,nor,neither;
表示半否定意义的副词hardly,few,seldom,little;
含有no和not的词组by no means(绝不),in no time(很快),at no time(在任何时候都不),not until,not only … but also...,no sooner...than
(1) Never shall I believe you again.
(2) Little did he know who the woman was.
(3) Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted.
3. 以so开头,用“so+助动词/情态动词/系动词+主语”表明前面叙述的肯定情况也适合于另一个人或物,译作“也,同样,也如此”。表示前面叙述的否定情况也适合于另一个人或物,用“neither/nor+助动词/情态动词/系动词+主语”。译作“也不是,也没有”。例如:
The boy left home, and so did his sister a week later.
-I don’t think I can walk any further.
—Neither can I. Let’s stop for a rest.
注意:当so表示对前句内容的肯定、附和或进一步强调前面所说的情况,译作“的确,正是”时,用正常语序。例如:
— Tom works hard.
— So he does and so do you.
4. 如果虚拟条件句的谓语含有were,should,had,可以把if省略,而将这三个词放于条件句主语前构成倒装。
例如:
If there should be a flood,what would we do?→
Should there be a flood,what would we do?
5. 频度副词及短语often,always,now and then,many a time,every other day等放在句首时,有时也倒装。
例如:Many a time has he come to comfort me.
某些表示祝愿的句子也用倒装语序。
例如:May you succeed!
7.由as引导让步状语从句要用部分倒装或前置。句式为:表语/状语/动词原形+as+主语+其他。
Clever as he is,he doesn’t study well.
虽然他很聪明,但他学习不好。?
Child as he is, he knows a lot.
虽然他是个孩子,但他懂得不少事情。?
Much as I like it,I won’t buy it.
虽然我非常喜欢它,但我不买。?
Try as she might, she failed.
虽然她试过了,但还是失败了。?
注意:表语前的名词无形容词修饰时冠词要省略
全部倒装
把谓语全部提到主语前面,叫全部倒装。全部倒装包括:
1. There be句型:可以用在这类句型中的动词除be外,还可用live,exist,remain,stand等作谓语。
(1) There are many students in the classroom.
(2) Long long ago,there lived a king who loved horses very much.
2. 用于“here(there,now,then)+不及物动词+主语”的句型中,或以out,in,up,down,away等副词开头的句子里,以表示强调。
Here comes the bus.
Out went the children.
3. 由then引起,谓语为come,follow的句子。例如:
(1) Then came a new difficulty.
(2) Then followed eight years of the Anti-Japanese War.
4. 当句首状语为表示地点的介词短语时,也常常引起全部倒装。例如:
In the middle of our school stands a high building.
5. 表语放在句首时,倒装结构为“表语+连系动词+主语”。表语常为形容词、过去分词和介词短语。
(1) Gone are the days when they would do what they liked.
(2) Present at the meeting were Professor White,Professor Smith and many other guests.
6. 表语放在句首时,倒装结构为“表语+连系动词+主语”。表语常为形容词、过去分词和介词短语。
(1) Gone are the days when they would do what they liked.
(2) Present at the meeting were Professor White,Professor Smith and many other guests.
二、强调句
1)强调句型
强调句型It is / was + 被强调的成份 + that + 其他成份;用来强调主语、宾语和状语等成份。that只起连接作用,不作成份,但不能省略。有时强调的部分比较特殊,如主语从句、状语从句、名词、不定式短语、V-ing的复合结构等。
1. 强调句型的基本结构
强调句型的基本结构为:It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他成分。
强调句型的一般疑问句:Is/Was it+被强调部分+that/who+其他成分?
强调句型的特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+is/was it+that+其他成分?
2. 强调句型强调的成分
强调句型强调的成分:主语、宾语、状语。被强调部分指人时,用who或that皆可;指物时,只能用that;被强调部分是时间、地点,原因或方式状语时,不用when,where,why或how而用that。
It was the boy that/who I met in the street yesterday.
我昨天在街道遇到的正是这个男孩。(强调宾语)
It was in Beijing that we visited the Great Wall.
正是在北京我们参观了长城。(强调地点状语)
It is my mother who/that reminds me to get up on time every day.
每天都是我妈妈提醒我按时起床。(强调主语)
3. 在强调句型中,强调原句中的主语时,that/who后的谓语单复数的确定。
在强调句型中,若强调原句中的主语,that/who后的谓语动词的单复数应与被强调的主语的单复数形式保持一致。
It is the little boy who/that has broken a beautiful jar.
It is they who/that are going to attend your birthday party tomorrow.
4. 对not...until结构的强调
not...until结构的强调句型为"It is/was not until...that..."在这一固定句型中,由于not已经前移,that后只能用肯定形式。
It was not until ten o’clock that he went to bed. 直到10点他才睡觉。
I didn’t realize it until I got off the bus.→It was not until I got off the bus that I realized it.
5、强调句与主语从句的区别
主语从句译成中文时不可加上“正是……”“就是……”之类字眼,若删去“It is / was...that...”,则原句不成立。而强调句型若删去“It is / was...that / who...”,原句结构与语意均完整,译成中文时,常可加上“正是……”“就是……”之类字眼。
It is true that he once went to America.
It was at 8 o’clock that he came back.
6、强调句与状语从句的区别
It was at 7:00 that I arrived.正是在7:00时,我到了。(强调句型,强调时间状语at 7:00)
It was 7:00 when I arrived.当我到达时,时间是7:00。(时间状语从句,在7:00前无介词at)
7、含有定语从句的强调句型
在被强调的名词后再设计一个以该名词为先行词的定语从句,这时不要把定语从句当作强调句。
It was this school where (in which) he once studied that gave him a chance of teaching.
(1)若被强调成分是主语,who/that之后的谓语动词应该在人称和数上与被强调的主语保持一致。
It is he who/that often helps me with my English.是他经常帮我学英语。
It is trees that we plant on the hillside every year.我们每年都在山坡上种的是树。
(2)若被强调成分是作主语的代词,用主格;若是作宾语的代词,则用宾格。
It was he that helped me yesterday.昨天帮我的人是他。
It was me that he helped yesterday.他昨天帮的人是我。
(3)强调句中只用两种时态,即一般现在时和一般过去时。原句谓语动词是一般过去时、过去完成时和过去进行时,用It was...that/who...,其余的时态用It is...that/who...。
It is you who/that are to blame.是你该受到指责。
2)强调谓语
谓语动词的强调 It is/ was … that …结构不能强调谓语,如果需要强调谓语时,要用助动词do/does或did。 注意: ①do用于对肯定的祈使句的强调以及对实义动词一般现在时肯定句(除主语是第三人称单数)的强调; ②does用于对实义动词一般现在时肯定句主语是第三人称单数的强调; ③did用于对实义动词一般过去时肯定句的强调。 ①Do be careful when you cross the street. 过马路时,务必(千万)要小心啊! They do work hard at maths. 他们对数学的学习确实很努力。 ②He does send an email to me every day. 他确实每天都给我发电子邮件。 ③He did do his homework yesterday. 昨天他确实做了家庭作业。
三、省略句
省略句是我们在学习英语过程中能不断体验收获和趣味的一种惯用手法,无论是说话还是写作,都要求生动活泼,简明扼要。按照语法的分析, 有时句子应具备的成分出于修辞上的需要, 会缺少一个或几个句子语法结构所必要的语言成分,但在一定语境中可独立存在,仍能表达其意义完整并发挥交流功能的句子则被称为省略句。省略的结果不仅能使句子结构更加精练,而且可起到连接上下文并使相邻词语达到强调的作用。
1:状语从句的省略(重点)
在when, while, whenever, before, after,till, if, unless, as if, though, than, as等引导时间状语从句,条件状语从句和让步状语从句中,若谓语部分含有be动词,而从句主语又与主句主语相同或从句主语是it时,从句的主语和be动词常被省略。
状语从句含有it is或者主从句主语一致且含有be动词时,省略主语和be动词。
从属连词接现在分词强调与句子主语之间的主动关系,用过去分词强调二者之间被动关系。
例1:If (it is) necessary, you’d better refer to the dictionary. 如果有必要,你最好查字典。
例2:While (I was) walking along the street, I heard my name called. 走在大街上我听到有人叫我名字。
例3:The activity is more interesting than (it was) expected. 这个活动比预计的有趣很多。
[注意]
特殊的省略结构:if省略结构,常作为插入语来处理。
if so 如果这样的话; if not 若非如此 ; if ever 如果曾经有的话
if necessary 如果有必要的话; if possible 如果可能的话; if any 如果有的话
If possible,let me know beforehand. 如有可能,事先通知我。
(4)Get up early tomorrow, if not (you don't get up early), you will miss the first train.
明天早点起床,如果不的话,你将会错过头班车。
(5)Whenever (it is) possible, he will come to my help.
他会在任何可能的时候来帮助我。
[注意] 虚拟语气条件句中if的省略.
与If引导的条件从句中含有were, had时,可将if省略, 并用倒装结构。
Were I you , I wouldn’t go with him.
2:定语从句中的省略
(1)在定语从句中,当先行词在句中作宾语时,可省略关系代词that/which/whom。
例1:This is the dictionary (that/which) I’m looking for. 这是我在寻找的那本字典。
例2:The boy (who/whom) you are talking with is my eider brother. 和你谈话的那个男孩是我的哥哥。
(2)定语从句先行词是the way并在从句充当方式状语时,定语从句用in which 或that引导,其中that可以省略。
例3:I appreciate the way (that) she spoke to me. 我喜欢她给我说话的方式。
3:宾语从句中的省略
(1)一个句子含有两个宾语从句时,第一个that可以省略,第二个不能省略。
例1:I think (that) he needs some help and that we should help him. 我认为他需要帮助,我们应该帮助他。
(2)省略了一个宾语从句或从句的一部分,用so或not代替。
例2:—Is he coming back tonight 今天晚上他要回来吗?
—I think so. 我认为是这样的。
例3:—Is he feeling better today 今天他觉得好点了吗?
—I’m afraid not. 恐怕没有。
4:动词不定式的省略
(1)感官动词和使役动词接不定式作宾补时省略to;下列句型常省略不定式符号to:may as well do sth; had better do, do nothing but do sth; can’t help but do sth. Why not sth prefer to do…rather than do sth, would rather do…than do…等。
例1:We saw a pretty girl pass by just now. 刚才我们看见一个漂亮的女孩经过。
例2:Why not join us in playing basketball 为什么不和我们一块打篮球呢?
(2)在特定上下文中,为了避免重复,不定式可以省略但通常保留不定式符号to。
例:I didn’t want to go there, but I had to. 我不想去那里,但又不得不去。
(3)省略不定式符号to的情况。
a.当主语部分含有动词do的某种形式时,作表语的不定式可省略to。
The only thing you have to do is open the door.你唯一要做的事情打开门。
b.不定式作介词but(除了), except的宾语,前面有实义动词do的某种形式时,不定式常省略to。
I can do nothing but wait here.我除了在这里等无事可做。
c.当两个或两个以上的不定式并列时,后面的不定式符号to可省略,但表示对比关系时则不能省略。
I'm really puzzled what to think of and express.我真的不知道想什么和表达什么。
It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out.制订计划比执行计划容易。
[名师点睛] 省略句中to的遗漏
【误】She was reading in bed, and her mother told her not.
【正】She was reading in bed, and her mother told her not to.
[分析] 动词不定式在like, love, care, want, hope, wish, expect, prefer, refuse, decide, mean, intend, try, promise等动词后作宾语时,为了避免重复,常常省略不定式后的内容,但要保留不定式符号to。
d.在see, watch, hear, feel, observe, notice, look at, listen to等感官动词及使役动词let, make, have后作宾语补足语的不定式不加to,但当宾语补足语变为主语补足语时,不定式要加上to。
She saw him walk into the house.她看到他走进了那座房子。
He was seen to walk into the house.有人看到他走进了那座房子。
He had two boys wash his car.他让两个男孩给他洗车。
e.you'd better/why not后跟不带to的不定式。
Why not try it again 为什么不再试试?
注意:do what we can to do... 全力以赴去做...
5:介词的省略
(1)both 后常跟of短语,其后可以接名词复数形式,也可以接代词宾格复数形式。
接复数名词时,介词of可以省略,但接代词宾格时,of不能省略。
Both (of) the films were interesting. 这两部电影都很有趣。
She invited both of us to her birthday party. 她邀请我们俩去参加她的生日派对。
(2)在现在完成时表持续和重复的句型中,一段时间前的介词for可以省略。
(3)和一些动词搭配构成的短语中的介词
consider... (as)..., spend/waste…(in) doing花费、浪费时间做某事;be busy/occupied (in) doing 忙于做某事;prevent/stop …(from) doing阻止某人做某事;have a hard time (in) doing做某事有困难;have trouble (in) doing做某事有困难;There is no points/sense (in) doing做……没有用;have fun (in) doing做……开心。(4)his, that, next, last后接时间名词时,前边省略介词。
Trees can prevent the earth (from) being washed away. 树能阻止泥土被冲走。
I have difficulty (in) finding his house.
例1:She is occupied looking after her sick grandma. 她忙于照料她生病的奶奶。
例2:The police have been trying to prevent them carrying weapons. 警方一直都设法阻止他们携带武器。
用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空或单句改错。
6:比较句中的省略
以than/as引起的从句中,常会省略主语。因为主语省略了,所以尤其要注意识别哪个词是省略了的主语,进而选择谓语的数、时态和语态。
He is more of a writer than a historian. 他是历史学家,但更可以说是位作家。
He is more brilliant than ever before.他比以往更高明。
7: I'm afraid, I think, I believe, I hope, I guess等作答句,后面跟so与not分别相当于肯定或否定,宾语从句可省去。
(1)Do you think it will snow
—I hope not/that it will not snow.
——你认为会下雪吗?
——我希望不要下。
(2)—Do you believe Jim will come
—I think so.
——你相信Jim会来吗?
——我想会赢。
四、反意疑问句
反意疑问句是指当提问的人对前面所叙述的事实不敢肯定,而需要向对方加以证实时所提出的问句。
形式:句子+简短的疑问
1.反意疑问句的一般情况:
(1) 当陈述部分的主语是everyone,everybody,someone,no one,nobody,somebody等时,其附加部分的主语强调全部可用they,强调个体也可用he。例如:
Everyone knows what money means,doesn’t he/don’t they?
(2) 当陈述部分的主语是指示代词this,that或these,those时,附加问句中的主语分别用it和they。
例如: These are your friends Tom and Jack, aren’t they?
(3) 当陈述部分的主语是everything,anything,nothing等时,附加问句中的主语用it。
例如:Everything seems all right now,doesn’t it?
(4) 陈述部分带有否定词或半否定词,如:never,hardly,scarcely,seldom,no,none,no one,rarely,nowhere,nothing,nobody,few,little等,附加问句一般用肯定式。
例如:She seldom goes to the cinema,does she?
2.常见句型的反意疑问句:
(1) 当陈述部分是there be句型时,其后的附加问句也用there。
There will be a special exhibition on tomorrow,won’t there?
(2) 祈使句后面的反意疑问句问题:
①祈使句是否定形式,附加疑问部分只能用will you。
Don’t forget the meeting,will you?
②祈使句是肯定形式,附加疑问部分用肯定、否定均可。
Give me some cigarettes,will you/ won’t you?
3.复合句的反意疑问句
当陈述部分是“I’m sure,I’m afraid,I don’t think(suppose,expect,imagine,believe等)+宾语从句”结构时,附加问句应与从句主语和谓语动词保持对应关系,但要注意陈述部分的否定转移现象。
4.关于情态动词的反意疑问句:
(1) 陈述部分中有have/had to,附加疑问句部分通常用do的相应形式代替。例如:
You have to get up early tomorrow to catch the first bus,don’t you?
(2) 陈述部分中是mustn’t表示“禁止”时,附加疑问句部分用must;陈述部分中的must表示“一定、想必”等推测意义时,附加疑问句部分则是根据陈述部分的谓语动词或其助动词来定。
(3) 陈述部分是I wish,表示询问或征求意见,附加疑问部分用may I。
例如:I wish to see you again,may I?
五、祈使句
一)、祈使句的句式特征
祈使句常常是表达说话人对对方的劝告、叮嘱、请求或命令等。因此,祈使句中一般没有主语,但根据其句意,实际上是省略了主语you。祈使句句末用感叹号或句号,朗读时,常用降调。在表达请求或劝告时,在祈使句前或句末可加上please,以使句子的语气更加缓和或客气。祈使句一般没有时态的变化,也不能与情态动词连用。
Keep off the grass! 勿踩踏草地!
Put the boxes in the small room. 把那些盒子放到那个小房间里。
二)、祈使句的肯定句式
祈使句的肯定句式一般分为以下三种类型:
1. 行为动词原形+其他成分。
Make sentences after the model. 根据例句造句。
2. Be动词+其他成分(形容词、名词或介词短语等)。
Be careful when crossing the street. 过马路时要小心。
3. Let + 宾语 + 动词原形 + 其他成分。
Let him go back now. 让他现在回去吧。
六、There be 句型
一、不同时态的There be 结构
1. There will be thousands of football fans in London next month.
(一般将来时)下个月伦敦将有成千上万的球迷。
2. There is going to be a film in our school this weekend.
(一般将来时)我们学校这个周末有一场电影。
3. There is to be a concert at the Albert Hall tonight. It is to be broadcast live.
(一般将来时)今晚在阿尔伯特会堂举行音乐会,将要进行实况转播。
4. There have been a lot of accidents round here.
(现在完成时)这里出过许多事故。
5. There has been some awful weather lately, hasn’t there
(现在完成时)最近天气有时很糟糕,不是吗
6. He told me that there had been an argument between them.
(过去完成时)他告诉我他们之间有过一场辩论。
7. There will have been a definite result before Friday.
(将来完成时)星期五以前将肯定会有结果。
二、含有情态动词的There be 结构
1. There would be fewer accidents if drivers took care.司机如果小心开车就会少出事故。
2. He felt that there must be something wrong with the car.他当时感觉车肯定出毛病了。
3. There may quite well be another demonstration tonight.今晚也许又有一场示威。
4. Why do there have to be poor people like those 为什么有像那样的一些穷人呢
5. There used to be a cinema here before the war.战前这儿有家电影院。
6. There must have been a rain last night, for the ground is wet. 昨晚肯定下雨了,因为地面湿着呢。
三、There be 结构经常和appear, seem, need, chance, happen, prove 等动词搭配
1. There appears to be little enthusiasm for your idea.
人们好像对你的想法不大热心。
2. There seems to be something wrong with this computer.
这台电脑好像出毛病了。
3. There doesn’t seem to have been any difficulty over the money question. 好像没有钱的困难。
4. There appear to have been some nasty accidents.
似乎已发生了几起严重事故。
5. There needs to be a system set up to judge the quality of the English language training.
需要建立一套系统来评判英语培训的质量。
四、There be 结构也和be sure, be supposed, be said, be known 等短语搭配
1. There is sure to be a place where we can find a restaurant.
肯定有我们能找到饭店的地方。
2. There are supposed to be wild animals in the hills.
这山里应该有野生动物。
3. There is said to be a secret tunnel beneath the building.
据说这幢大楼下面有一条秘密通道。
4. There are known to be thousands of snakes on the island.
据了解,那座岛上有成千上万条蛇。
五、There be 结构的非谓语动词形式
There be句型也可以以不定式(there to be)、动名词(there being)和现在分词(there being)的形式出现在句子中,在句中作主语、宾语或状语。
1. I expect there to be no argument about this.
(不定式短语作动词expect的宾语)我期望关于这件事不要争了。
2. I should prefer there to be no discussion of my private affairs.(不定式短语作动词prefer的宾语)我宁愿不要讨论我的私事。
3. I don’t want there to be any doubt about this. (不定式短语作动词want的宾语)我不希望对此有任何怀疑。
4. Would you like there to be a meeting to discuss the problem
(不定式短语作动词like的宾语)你想要开会讨论这个问题吗
5. If you don’t mind there being so much noise around, you are quite welcome to stay.
(动名词短语作动词mind的宾语)你如果不介意周围这么大噪音的话,欢迎你留下。
6. What’s the chance of there being an election this year
(动名词短语作介词of 的宾语)今年举行选举的可能性有多大
7. There being nothing else to do, we went home.
(现在分词短语作原因状语)因为没事其他事可做,我们就回家了。
8. They closed the door, there being no customers.
(现在分词短语作原因状语) 他们的店关门了,因为没有顾客。
六、There be结构中的be用其他动词来代替
为了表达生动,在正式文体或文学作品中,可用表示状态、发生、位置转移等意义的其他动词来代替动词be。常这样用的动词有:live,lie,stand,remain,exist,occur,arise,rise,follow,come,enter,reach等。
There exist many ancient temples of this kind on the shores of the Mediterranean. 在地中海沿岸地带,有许多这样的古庙。
Not long after this, there rose a sudden revolution. 此后不久,突然爆发了一场革命。
Suddenly there entered a strange figure dressed all in black. 突然进来一个穿着一身黑的陌生人。
There goes the bus.公交车来了。
On the hill (there) stands a house.山上有个房子。
七.There be句型需要掌握的重点句型
1.There is no doubt/question that- 毫无疑问……
There is no question of doing sth. :①……是毫无疑问的②……是不可能的。
There is no question that it is true.
There is no doubt that they can get the machine working very soon.
2. There is no + doing:不可能……;无法……;没有办法……
There is no joking about it.这事开不得玩笑。
There is no telling what will happen.无法预料会发生什么。
There is no holding back the wheel of history.历史车轮不可阻挡。
3. There is no + 名词+ in doing : …是没有意义的/无用的
There is no point in doing sth. ……是没有意义的
There is no sense in doing sth. ……没有理由/没有好处;
There is no use/good in doing sth…没有好处
There is no harm in doing sth…没有害处
There is no point in arguing with him further.进一步和他争论是没有意义的。
here is no harm in doing sth.=it does no harm (for sb.) to do sth.
七、感叹句
感叹句表示说话时的惊讶、喜悦、赞赏和愤怒等情绪。
what引导的感叹句
what是感叹形容词,中心词必须是名词,名词前可以有冠词和形容词修饰,
注意感叹句用陈述语序。具体有三种类型:
What引导的感叹句典型场合 典型示例
What +a (n)+形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语! What a beautiful voice she has! 她的声音多美啊!
What+形容词+可数名词复数+主语+谓语! What kind doctors they are! 他们是多好的医生啊!
What+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语! What fine weather it is today! 今天的天气真好呀!
2)how引导的感叹句
1:1.how是感叹副词,用作状语,修饰形容词、副词或动。
2.注意感叹句用陈述语序。具体有四种类型。
How引导的感叹句典型场合 典型示例
How+形容词+主语+谓语! How generous you are! 你真慷慨啊!
How+副词+主语+谓语! How beautifully she dances! 她的舞蹈跳得太棒了!
How +形容词+a(an)+可数名词单数+主语+谓语! How hardworking a student he is! 他是多么用功的学生啊!
How+主语+谓语! How time flies! 时间过得多快啊!
3)感叹句用于宾语从句
1.感叹句还可以用于宾语从句,
2.从句引导词不变,语序不变,谓语动词时态与整句保持呼应。
You can’t imagine how excited they were when they received Christmas gifts. 你难以想象他们收到圣诞礼物是多么激动呀。
1.【2023年北京卷】Mangroves, known as “red forest” in China, grow between land and sea, characterised by their complex roots. When ____14____(see) from afar, the mangrove forests appear more splendid.
【14题详解】
考查状语从句的省略。句意:从远处看,红树林显得更加壮观。逗号前面是when引导的状语从句的省略,当状语从句和主句主语是同一主语时,且从句含有be动词,从句可以省略主语和be动词。在从句中,主语为the mangrove forests,和动词see是被动关系,从句应用一般现在时的被动语态,完整形式为when they are seen from afar,省略主语和be动词,故填seen。
2.【2022年新高考2卷】He saved my son's life," said Mrs. Brown. "I don't know ___45___ to thank him. ”
【答案】 how
【解析】考查特殊疑问词。句意:我不知道如何去感谢他。根据句子结构,设空处填写的是特殊疑问词+to do不定式结构作宾语。根据句意,how意为“如何”,符合句意。故填how。
1.(2023年全国高三专题练习)It is the test system, rather than the teachers, _____ is to blame for the students’ heavy burden nowadays.
【答案】that
【解析】考查强调句。句意:如今学生们的负担沉重,该为此受到责备的是应试体制,而非老师。“it is/was +被强调部分+ that/who...”是强调句型,强调部分为人时,可使用who,其余情况均用that。“rather...than...”意为“是……而不是……”,此处强调的是test system而不是teachers,应使用that。故填that。
(2023年全国高三专题练习)We expect there __________(be) a lot of discussions about the problem.
【答案】to be
【解析】考查there be的特殊句式。句意:我们期望能对这个问题展开更多的讨论。此处考查动词短语expect to do,意为“期待去做”,设空处应用there be的不定式结构,作expect的宾语,构成固定结构expect there to be,意为“期望有”。故填to be。
02 书面表达中特殊句式聚焦
(强调句)
句子练习:
我震惊得睁大眼睛, 目瞪口呆。
So shocked was I that I was dumbfounded with my eyes wide open.
他非常绝望,借酒消愁。
So desperate was he that he drowned his sadness.
她心事太重,因此没听到妈妈的问题。
So busily engaged was her mind that she failed to hear her mother 's question.
他的吼叫声实在太猛烈、太可怕,吓得小猫从他身旁跳开了。
So fierce and dreadful was his roar that the cat jumped away from him in alarm.
(倒装句)
部分倒装
句子练习:
直到那只免子完全消失在我们的视线中,我们才不追了。
Not until the rabbit got completely out of sight did we stop chasing after it.
直到那时Megan才说出了困扰她一整天的事。
Not until then did Megan poured out what had been disturbing her the whole day.
全部倒装
句子练习:
1.黑暗中传来一个他从来没有听过的声音。
Out of the darkness came a voice he had never heard before.
2.他的脑中闪过一位英雄战士的形象。
Through his mind flashed the image of a heroic fighter.
3.站在前门的是Jane的丈夫,他在找不到Jane的时候非常焦急。
At the front door stood Jane’s husband who suffered great anxiety when she was nowhere to be found.
4.他僵硬的脸上有一种恐惧和仇恨的表情。
On his rigid face there stood an expression of horror and hatred.
5.在她的前面是另一条长长的通道,她正好看到免子匆匆向远处跑去。
In front of her was another long passage and she just managed to catch sight of the rabbit hurrying down it.
3.Such位于句前作表语
这就是“有志者事竞成”这个真理。
Such is the truth that where there is a will, there is a way.
这就是成功的秘诀,多一点点努力,多一点点决心,你就能创造出多一点点的奇迹。
Such is the key to success---a little bit more efforts and a little bit more determination will create a little bit more miracle.
(虚拟语气)
句子练习:
如果没有挫折,我们的人生就不会充满精彩的故事。
Without setbacks, our life would not be filled with wonderful stories.
要不是这次经历,我就不会意识到我应该花更多的时间和家人在一起。
But for this experience, I wouldn't have realized that I should spend more time with my family.
要是没有Eric当时的鼓励,我可能接下来的一天都仍然沉浸在悲伤的情绪里。
Without Eric's encouragement, I would have been immersed in sorrow for the rest of the day.
如果没有这些钱,这个人可能会一 整晚挨饿,失去对生活的希望。
Without this money, the man might have starved the whole night and lost hope for life.
Steven 尴尬地低下头,真希望刚才没有口误。
Steven lowered his head with embarrassment, wishing he hadn't made that slip of tongue.
伙伴们都在到处跑着,玩得很开心,可Susan却独自坐在草坪上,希望自己此刻在家里。
Her companions were running about enjoying themselves, but Susan sat alone on the grass, wishing she were at home this moment.
“要是我当初听取了妈妈的建议该多好!”小女孩低声对自己说。
“If only I had listened to my mother's advice!" the little girl whispered to herself.
再给我一次机会的话, 我不会再以外貌来判断一个人。
Given one more chance, I wouldn't have judged a person by his appearance.
如果再给我一-次机会,我会毫不犹豫地与他分享我的食物。
Given one more chance, I would share with him my food without hesitation.
(最新模拟试题演练)
1.【2024届四川省绵阳市高三下学期第三次诊断性考试】 It is because of the continuous innovation and inclusiveness (包容性) in the Shang Dynasty 60 the Yin Ruins reached the glorious stage of the early civilization of the Chinese nation,” said He Yuling, deputy director of the Anyang workstation.
60.考查强调句。句意:“商朝是一个具有伟大创造精神的时代。正是因为商朝的不断创新和包容性,殷墟才达到了中华文明早期辉煌的阶段,”安阳工作站副站长何毓灵说。去掉It is和空处,句子依然完整,因此此处为强调句结构“It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who + 其他”,被强调部分为because of the continuous innovation and inclusiveness in the Shang Dynasty,应用that。故填that。
2.【2024届湖北省高三下学期新高考三模】 His 8 (mother) ancestors arrived in Australia from China in the 1830s, just before the Gold Rush which saw thousands of Chinese 9 (make) the journey to the gold fields in eastern Australia in the 1850s and 1860s.
8.考查名词所有格。句意:他母亲的祖先在 1830 年代从中国来到澳大利亚。此处指他妈妈的祖先们,应用名词所有格mother’s。故填mother’s。
9.考查非谓语动词。句意:在 1850 年代和 1860 年代,成千上万的中国人踏上了前往澳大利亚东部金矿地区的旅程。此处是非谓语动词作宾语补足语,Chinese和make之间是主动关系,前面的谓语动词是see,且此处是叙述历史上发生过的事情,应用省略to的动词不定式。故填make。
3.(2023年安徽省高中毕业班高三第三次联考试题) It wasn’t until the Ming and Qing dynasties ________ the seal’s usage moved from the imperial to the personal, due to the expansion of arts.
【答案】that
【解析】考查强调句。句意:直到明清两朝,由于艺术的发展,印章的使用才从宫廷转移到个人。not...until...是固定句型,意为“直到……才……”,其强调句型为:It + is/was not until...+ that + 句子其它部分。分析句子可知,句中使用了该强调句型,强调的是原句时间状语“not until the Ming and Qing dynasties”,句子其它部分只能由that引出。故填that。
4.(2023年浙江高三模拟测试) Not until I returned________I realize that a quiet town life was the best for me.
【答案】did
【解析】考查部分倒装。句意:直到回来,我才发现安静的小镇生活对我才是最好的。not until放在句首,主句要部分倒装。结合前文的returned可知,可知为一般过去时,故在主句主语I前加did。故填did。
5.(2023年重庆市南开中学校高三第十次质量检测英语试题)It’s fun when several friends and families gather around and chat while (put) meat on the barbecue skewers.
【答案】putting
【解析】考查省略句。句意:当几个朋友和家人聚在一起聊天时,把肉放在烤肉串上是很有趣的。这里为while引导的时间状语从句的省略结构,此处省略了they are。且主语they与put之间为主动关系。故填putting。
(2023年上海市高三模拟试题)Although__________(face) with all kinds of difficulties, he never wanted to give up.
【答案】faced
【解析】考查状语从句的省略。句意:尽管面临种种困难,他从未想过放弃。当时间、条件、让步状语从句的主语与主句主语一致,且有be动词时,可以省略从句的主语及be动词;本句还原后为Although he was faced with all kinds of difficulties,省略了he was 。故填faced。
(2023年河南省南阳市第一中学英语试题) Much________ I like it, I won’t buy it.
【答案】as/though
【解析】考查连词和倒装。句意:尽管我非常喜欢它,但我不会买。空处引导让步状语从句,且从句中副词much置于句首,故应用连词as/though;as/though引导让步状语从句时,要部分倒装,结构为adj./adv./v/n+as/though+主语+谓语+其他。故填as/though。
8.(2023年全国高三试题)We all wonder why it is ____ so many students and their families are visiting Boston-area schools, such as Harvard, in their summer holidays.
【答案】that
【解析】考查强调句。句意:我们都想知道,为什么有那么多学生和他们的家人在暑假期间参观波士顿地区的学校,比如哈佛。分析句子可知,这里考查强调句,本句对why进行强调。故填that。
9.(2023年哈尔滨师大附中模拟考试)Do not leave the building until __________(instruct) to do so.
【答案】instructed
【解析】考查状语从句的省略。句意:除非接到指示,否则不要离开大楼。根据句意可知,连词until引导的是一个时间状语从句,其完整的句子应该是until you are instructed to do so.该状语从句符合省略的条件(主句和从句的主语一致;从句主要动词是be的某种形式),这时可以把从句的主语和be动词省略,该句中省略掉you are。故填instructed。
10.(2023年河南省郑州高三联考试题) ________ was only after I heard she became sick that I learned she couldn’t eat meat.
【答案】It
【解析】考查强调句。句意:直到我听说她生病了,我才知道她不能吃肉。该句是强调句型:It is/was +强调部分+that/who+其他,强调内容为人时,用that/who,强调内容为物时,用that。此处强调的是时间状语从句。单词位于句首,首字母大写。故填It。
11.(2023年全国高三试题)While ________ (walk) along the paths, you can hear the sweet songs of bird.
【答案】walking
【解析】考查状语从句的省略。句意:沿着小路走,你可以听到鸟儿甜美的歌声。分析可知,逗号前为状语从句的省略,完整的句子为:while you are walking along the paths,从句的主语和主句的主语一致,同时用到了be动词,所以可以省略从句的主语和be动词,故填walking。
12.(2023届广东省深圳市高三年级模拟试题) You’ve probably heard that most Canadians want governments to do more on climate. That’s what two-thirds of the public tell pollsters when ________ (ask).
【答案】asked
【解析】考查省略句。句意:你可能听说过,大多数加拿大人希望政府在气候问题上做得更多。三分之二的公众在被问及这一问题时是这么回答的。此处when引导时间状语,是一个省略句,当状语从句中,主语和主句主语相同,且有be动词时,主语和be动词可省略,ask与主语two-thirds of the public之间为被动关系,故应用过去分词,还原后为:when they are asked。故填asked。
(2024·河北石家庄·三模)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Chinese Qingming Festival, also known as Tomb Sweeping Day, celebrates the beginning of spring and is the occasion 21 families show respect to their ancestors by visiting and cleaning their tombs. The festival takes place on the 15th day after the Spring Equinox (春分), which falls on April 4th 22 5th. As Qingming comes, temperature rises and rainfall increases, 23 (indicate)an important time for sowing seeds.
The Qingming Festival 24 (date) back more than 2,500 years and it originated from Hanshi Day, meaning “a day with cold food only”. One story has it that Jie Zitui, who was a loyal man to his lord Duke Wen, died in a fire in 636 BCE. So Duke Wen ordered three days without fire 25 memory of Jie. The next year, he ordered that the day after Hanshi Day should be the Qingming Festival, a day to honor 26 dead. Over time, the two festivals 27 (eventual) combined and the traditions of eating cold food and honoring ancestors became 28 (attach) to the Qingming Festival.
While there is much sadness surrounding Tomb Sweeping Day, there is also 29 (celebrate) , happiness and a festive atmosphere. Nowadays, the Qingming Festival is a time of multiple 30 (activity) , such as tomb sweeping, spring outing, flying kites and eating festive food like Qingtuan.
【答案】21.when/where 22.or 23.indicating 24.dates 25.in 26.the 27.eventually 28.attached 29.celebration 30.activities
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了清明节的由来、习俗及发展。
21.考查定语从句。句意:中国清明节,也被称为清明节,庆祝春天的开始,是家庭通过参观和清理坟墓来表达对祖先的尊重的场合。分析可知,本句为定语从句,先行词occasion意为“时刻,……的时间;场合”,既可以表示事件也可以表示抽象地点,从句中不缺成分,应用关系副词when或者where引导,故填when/where。
22.考查连词。句意:这个节日在春分之后的第15天举行,春分是4月4日或5日。分析可知,空处表示“或者”,应为连词or,故填or。
23.考查现在分词。句意:随着清明的到来,气温升高,降雨量增加,预示着播种的重要时刻。temperature rises and rainfall increases与indicate之间是逻辑上的主动关系,应用现在分词,故填indicating。
24.考查动词。句意:清明节可以追溯到2500多年前,起源于寒食节,意思是“只吃冷饭的一天”。本句陈述客观事实,主语The Qingming Festival为第三人称单数,故填dates。
25.考查介词。句意:于是,晋文公为了纪念颉利,下令三天不烧火。in memory of为固定短语,表示“为了纪念……”,空处应为介词,故填in。
26.考查冠词。句意:第二年,他下令将寒食节后的第二天定为清明节,纪念死者的日子。the+形容词表示某一类人,the dead意为“死者”,空处应为定冠词,故填the。
27.考查副词。句意:随着时间的流逝,这两个节日最终结合在一起,吃冷食和祭祖的传统与清明节联系在一起。空后combined为动词,空处应为副词修饰combined,故填eventually。
28.考查被动语态。句意:随着时间的流逝,这两个节日最终结合在一起,吃冷食和祭祖的传统与清明节联系在一起。eating cold food and honoring ancestors与the Qingming Festival是被关联的,空处应为过去分词与became一起构成被动语态,故填attached。
29.考查名词。句意:虽然清明节有很多悲伤,但也有庆祝、幸福和节日气氛。分析可知,空处应为名词与sadness并列作there be句型中真正的主语,故填celebration。
30.考查名词复数。句意:如今,清明节是多种活动的时间,如扫墓、春游、放风筝和吃青团等节日食品。根据空前multiple可知,空处应为可数名词复数形式,故填activities。
2023年
【2023年北京卷】Mangroves, known as “red forest” in China, grow between land and sea, characterised by their complex roots. When ____14____(see) from afar, the mangrove forests appear more splendid.
【14题详解】
考查状语从句的省略。句意:从远处看,红树林显得更加壮观。逗号前面是when引导的状语从句的省略,当状语从句和主句主语是同一主语时,且从句含有be动词,从句可以省略主语和be动词。在从句中,主语为the mangrove forests,和动词see是被动关系,从句应用一般现在时的被动语态,完整形式为when they are seen from afar,省略主语和be动词,故填seen。
2022年
1.【2022年新高考2卷】He saved my son's life," said Mrs. Brown. "I don't know ___45___ to thank him. ”
【答案】 how
【解析】考查特殊疑问词。句意:我不知道如何去感谢他。根据句子结构,设空处填写的是特殊疑问词+to do不定式结构作宾语。根据句意,how意为“如何”,符合句意。故填how。