2025年中考语法梳理：过去完成时
表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作，即发生在“过去的过去”。
主语＋had＋过去分词（done）＋其他成分
（一）肯定句：主语+had+过去分词
By the end of last month,he had read 12 books.
（二）否定句：主语+had+not+过去分词
She hadn't finished her homework before her mother came back.
（三）一般疑问句：Had＋主语＋过去分词？
肯定回答：Yes,主语＋had.
否定回答：No，主语＋had not.
-Had he fallen asleep there
-Yes,he had./No,he hadn't.
（四）特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组＋一般疑问句（Had＋主语＋过去分词）？
Why had they refused the invitation
（一）by＋过去的时间点，by the time（of），by the end of＋过去时间；
（二）when，before，after...＋过去时间；
（三）up till then 直到那时为止；up until last night直到昨晚；
（四）already，just，ever，yet等。
（一）由时间状语判定
一般来说，各种时态都有特定的时间状语。与过去完成时连用的时间状语有：
1．by＋过去的时间点
Lee still hadn't appeared by 10 o'clock.
2．by the end of＋过去的时间点
We finally had done all the chores by the end of the day.
3．before＋过去的时间点
They had been friends for years before they decided to get married.
（二）由“过去的过去”来判定
过去完成时表示“过去的过去”，指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，即动作有先后关系，动作在前的用过去完成时，在后的用一般过去时。
这种用法常出现在：
1．宾语从句中：当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时，且从句的动作先于主句的动作时，从句要用过去完成时。told，said，knew，heard，thought等动词后常用宾语从句，如：
2．状语从句中：在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中，主、从句的动作发生有先后关系，动作在前的要用过去完成时，动作在后的要用一般过去时，如：
When I got into the room,the meeting had already begun.
【注意】
在before／after引导的时间状语从句中，由于before和after本身已表达了动作的先后关系，若主、从句表示的动作紧密相连，则主、从句都用一般过去时，如：
Where did you live before you came here
3．表示意向的动词，如hope，wish，expect，think，intend，mean，suppose等，用过去完成时表示“原本一··，未能----”，如：
We had hoped that you would come,but you didn't.
（三）根据上、下文来判定
I met Danny on the street last Sunday.We hadn't seen each other since he went abroad.
（一）表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成或结束，即发生在“过去的过去”。如：The film had started before we arrived.
（二）表示某一动作或状态在过去某时之前已经开始，一直延续到这一过去时间，而且动作尚未结束，仍有继续下去的可能。如：By the end of last year,he had worked in the school for 30 years.
（三）过去完成时需要与一个表示过去的时间状语连用，它不能离开过去时间而独立存在，多与already，yet，still，just，before，never等时间副词及by，before，until等引导的短语或从句连用。如：Peter had written over 100 poems by the time he was 15.
（一）过去完成时表示以过去某时间为起点以前所发生的动作或存在的状态，即：过去完成时强调“过去的过去”。而一般过去时只表示以现在时间为起点以前所发生的事情或存在的状态。如：
He worked there two years ago.
他两年前在那儿工作。（离现在两年）
He said he had worked there for two years.
他说他在那儿工作了两年。（离他说话时两年）
（二）表示过去某个时间以前所连续发生的两个或两个以上的动作时，一般用and，then，but按照动作的先后顺序连接，此时通常用一般过去时，而不用过去完成时。如：
He went to the shop and bought some snacks.
动词动作发生的时间先后须依据上下文来判断：间线明确的情况下，先发生的用过去完成时，后生的则用一般过去时。如：
She had just won the first prize in the competition.She was very happy.
现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去，但其对现在依然造成影响，其结构为“助动词have（has）＋过去分词”；过去完成时则是一个相对的时态，强调“过去的过去”，只有和过去某时或某动作相比较才用。如：
Now,John and I have been friends for eight years.We first got to know each other at a Christmas party.But we had met each other a couple of times before that.
练习一
用所给单词的正确形式填空。
1.By the time I locked the door,I realized I had lef: (leave) my keys at home.
2.I met Jim last week.We hadn't met (not meet) each other for about 20 years since we left Japan.
3.The bus had left (leave)five minutes before Tim arrived at the station.
4.I_had wanted (want) to help you but couldn't get there in time.
5.-Why didn't Tom attend the meeting yesterday
-He had gone te (go)Beijing.
练习二
单项填空。
1.She said she D the principle already.
A.seen B.saw C.will see D.had seen
2.She had written a number of books the end of last year.
A.for B.in C.by D.at
3.He_B to play before he was 11years old.
A.had learned;piano
B.had learned;the piano
C.has learned; the piano
D.learns;piano
4.He in the factory for three years before he joined the Army.
A.has worked B.works
C.had worked D.will work
5.Jim turned off the lights and then the classroom.
A. was left B.had lef
C.has left D.left
I heard that he had heen writing novels （三）在没有明确的过去时间状语作标志时，谓语
