语法填空
自然环境、生态环保
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1.（24-25高三上·河北张家口·开学考试）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
You might see some wooden structures standing up above the trees, covered in greenery and made with an interesting conical (圆锥形的) shape. But if you look closer, you'll find that these extraordinary structures are 1 (actual) luxury resorts. They're elegant and beautiful, and get people close to nature 2 an amazing way. And the most 3 (impress) thing about these buildings is their sustainability. These luxury resort buildings produce their own water.
BAOBAB Luxury Safari Resort is eco-tourism at its best. 4 (design) by MASK Architectures, this amazing resort uses an innovative feature known as air-to water technology. Water can be expensive and in high demand in Africa, 5 creates massive health problems.
Therefore, the air-to-water technology is integrated into each one of the resort buildings. This tech works on its own, 6 (pull) moisture (水分) out of the air and purifying it to produce drinking water.
Furthermore, these structures look open and airy, exposed to the heat. However, these buildings 7 (cover) with curtain glass with transparent solar panels. The design is inspired by the baobab tree, 8 ancient tree species which first appeared on the planet 200 million years ago. The structure looks like all wood but are in fact aluminium (铝) poles covered with wood that provide support for the design. There are 9 (channel) inside the poles where air filters are located. Mesh (网状物) capture s moisture in the air as it passes through. The water goes into a tank at the center of the design.
The rest of the resort includes a raised swimming area and an interaction deck where it’s possible 10 (feed) the animals. This is a luxury resort but it also represents an amazing possibility: an eco-friendly, self-sustaining community.
【答案】
1．actually 2．in 3．impressive 4．Designed 5．which 6．pulling 7．are covered 8．an 9．channels 10．to feed
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一处环保的度假村。
1．考查副词。句意：但如果你仔细观察，你会发现这些非凡的建筑实际上是豪华度假村。副词actually作状语，修饰形容词。故填actually。
2．考查介词。句意：它们优雅而美丽，让人们以一种神奇的方式接近自然。此处为固定短语为in an amazing way意为“以一种神奇的方式”。故填in 。
3．考查形容词。句意：这些建筑最令人印象深刻的是它们的可持续性。此处为形容词作定语修饰名词，impress的形容词为impressive意为“印象深刻的”。故填impressive 。
4．考查非谓语。句意：这个令人惊叹的度假胜地由MASK建筑公司设计，采用了一种被称为空气对水技术的创新功能。空处为非谓语动词，this amazing resort与design为被动关系，用过去分词作状语，首字母大写。故填Designed。
5．考查定语从句。句意：在非洲，水很昂贵，需求量很大，这造成了巨大的健康问题。空出为非限制性定语从句，指代上文的句子作主语，关系代词为which。故填which。
6．考查非谓语。句意：这项技术可以自行工作，从空气中提取水分，并将其净化成饮用水。空处为非谓语动词，This tech与pull为主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。故填pulling。
7．考查动词时态和语态。句意：然而，这些建筑都覆盖着带有透明太阳能电池板的窗帘玻璃。be covered with意为“覆盖”，为固定短语，陈述事实为一般现在时的被动语态，且主语为名词复数。故填are covered。
8．考查冠词。句意：是一种2亿年前首次出现在地球上的古老树种。泛指“一种古老的树种”且ancient首字母的发音为辅音音素，冠词为an。故填an。
9．考查名词。句意：电线杆内部有通道，空气过滤器位于其中。本句为全部倒装句，根据are可知，用复数channels做主语。故填channels。
10．考查动词不定式。句意：度假村的其余部分包括一个升高的游泳区和一个互动平台，在那里可以喂动物。此处为固定句型it is possible to do sth意为“可能做某事”，其中it为形式主语，不定式短语作真正主语。故填to feed。
2.（24-25高三上·新疆乌鲁木齐·阶段练习）
阅读下面短文。在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Tourists who visit Copenhagen this month could be treated to a free kayak rental (皮划艇租赁) or a free cup of coffee if they make 1 (environmental) friendly choices during their trip to the Danish capital.
The city announced in July that it was rolling out 2 new initiative, called CopenPay, in an effort 3 (encourage) more sustainable behaviors among visitors, such as walking, biking, taking public transportation and picking up litter.
Arrive at the National Museum by bike or public transportation, and you 4 (get) a free ice cream made from local strawberry and licorice (甘草) when you buy your ticket. Pick up trash in theBaneGaarden area for a free organic meal. GreenKayak will let you take out a kayak at no charge 5 you collect trash on the water and post about it on social media. Officials said participants can show train tickets or photos of themselves engaging in these climate-friendly activities as 6 (prove).
The program 7 (launch) at a time of increasing concern over the environmental and social impacts of tourism. Last year, Copenhagen drew 12 million international overnight 8 (stay), officials said.
The Danish capital is popular 9 visitors for pretty architecture, world-class food and a safe, clean, green environment. It’s a great place to get on two wheels, with 382 kilometers of bike lanes, and 62% of all citizens commute (通勤) by bicycle. “With CopenPay, we’re empowering people to experience more of what Copenhagen offers while 10 (place) less burden on our planet,” said Mikkel Aaro Hansen, CEO of Wonderful Copenhagen, the city’s tourism agency, in a statement.
CopenPay is just a pilot program, but officials said they hope it will become a year-round program and expand beyond Copenhagen.
【答案】
1．environmentally 2．a 3．to encourage 4．will get 5．if/after/when 6．proof 7．was launched 8．stays 9．with/among 10．placing
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。本文主要讲述了哥本哈根市旅游局推出了一项新的计划，称为CopenPay，以鼓励游客在哥本哈根游玩时，多从事一些环保方面的行为。
1．考查副词。句意：本月访问哥本哈根的游客如果在丹麦首都旅行期间做出环保选择，可以免费租用皮划艇或免费喝一杯咖啡。副词environmentally作状语，修饰形容词friendly。故填environmentally。
2．考查不定冠词。句意：该市于7月宣布，正在推出一项名为CopenPay的新举措，以鼓励游客采取更可持续的行为，如步行、骑自行车、乘坐公共交通工具和捡拾垃圾。此处泛指“一项新举措”，new以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a。故填a。
3．考查不定式。句意：该市于7月宣布，正在推出一项名为CopenPay的新举措，以鼓励游客采取更可持续的行为，如步行、骑自行车、乘坐公共交通工具和捡拾垃圾。固定短语in an effort to do sth. (努力做某事)，encourage用不定式形式。故填to encourage。
4．考查时态。句意：骑自行车或乘坐公共交通工具抵达国家博物馆，买票时您将获得一份由当地草莓和甘草制成的免费冰淇淋。祈使句+and+陈述句（一般将来时），此外，结合when引导的时间状语从句用一般现在时，主句也应该用一般将来时，故填will get。
5．考查状语从句。句意：如果你在水上收集垃圾并将视频或图片在社交媒体上发布后，GreenKayak会让你免费划皮划艇。此处可表达“如果”这一含义，用if引导条件状语从句，此处也可表达“在……之后、当……的时候”这一含义，用after/when引导时间状语从句。故填if/after/when。
6．考查名词。句意：官员们表示，参与者可以出示火车票或自己参加这些气候友好活动的照片作为证据。不可数名词proof作介词as的宾语。故填proof。
7．考查时态语态。句意：该计划是在人们越来越关注旅游业的环境和社会影响之际启动的。事情已发生，主语The program和谓语动词launch是被动关系，用一般过去时的被动语态，注意主谓一致。故填was launched。
8．考查名词的数。句意：官员们表示，去年哥本哈根吸引了1200万次国际过夜停留。stay (停留)是可数名词，且前面有12 million修饰，用其复数形式。故填stays。
9．考查介词。句意：丹麦的首都因其美丽的建筑、世界级的食物和安全、清洁、绿色的环境而深受游客欢迎。固定短语be popular with (受……欢迎)/be popular among (在……中受欢迎)。故填with/among。
10．考查状语从句省略。句意：哥本哈根旅游局Wonderful Copenhagen的首席执行官Mikkel Aaro Hansen在一份声明中表示：“通过CopenPay，我们让人们能够体验到哥本哈根提供的更多东西，同时减轻我们星球的负担。”此处是while引导时间状语从句省略，从句主语we和从句谓语动词place是主动关系，正在进行的动作，谓语动词place用be doing形式，状语从句中，当从句主语和主句主语一致且从句谓语中包含be动词，可省略从句主语和be动词，用现在分词placing。故填placing。
3.（24-25高三上·福建福州·阶段练习）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
When it comes to deserts, a scene of sandstorms and rolling dunes will pop into our mind. But if you come to the Taklimakan Desert, you will find it is a very breathtaking place different from 1 you have imagined.
Located in Xinjiang, the Taklimakan Desert is the one 2 (cover) 337,000 square kilometers. In the past, the desert expanded outward about 150 meters annually, which seriously posed a serious threat 3 the survival of the local people.
In 1979, a groundbreaking super project began as scheduled, aiming to build large-scale protective forests to reduce disturbing sandstorms and soil erosion 4 (dramatic). The project involved over 600,000 participants from various regions, who employed a variety of approaches to combat the desert. By the end of 2023, a green barrier of about 2,761 kilometers 5 (establish) around the desert. On November 28th, 2024, a significant milestone was achieved as 6 285-kilometer gap was successfully “locked”, marking a great victory in the battle against desertification. With the effort of half a century, the project has not only locked the edges of the desert but also protected the 7 (surround) oases, safeguarding the livelihoods of local communities and supporting the region’s economic development.
Nowadays, the desert is dotted with countless oases, many of 8 have become tourist destinations. The 9 (complete) of the project is not just an environmental victory but also a symbol of perseverance and romance of the Chinese people.
In the foreseeable future, with the continuous efforts of the Chinese people, this desert will continue to shrink 10 it is completely caged by the Chinese people.
【答案】
1．what 2．covering 3．to 4．dramatically 5．had been established 6．a 7．surrounding 8．which 9．completion 10．until
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了塔克拉玛干沙漠的特点、威胁、治理措施及治理成果。
1．考查宾语从句。句意：但如果你来到塔克拉玛干沙漠，你会发现它是一个与你想象的截然不同的令人叹为观止的地方。本空引导宾语从句，从句缺少have imagined的宾语，且指物，应用what引导。故填what。
2．考查非谓语动词。句意：位于新疆的塔克拉玛干沙漠，面积为33.7万平方公里。已有谓语动词is且无连词，本空应用非谓语动词形式，且one指代the Taklimakan Desert，与cover“占(一片面积)”构成主动关系，应用现在分词，作定语。故填covering。
3．考查介词。句意：在过去，沙漠每年向外扩张约150米，严重威胁到当地人民的生存。a threat to sth.为固定搭配，意为“对……构成威胁”，本空用介词to，符合题意。故填to。
4．考查副词。句意：1979年，一项开创性的超级工程如期开始，旨在建设大规模防护林，以显著减少扰人的沙尘暴和土壤侵蚀。此处修饰动词reduce，应用副词dramatically“显著地”，作状语。故填dramatically。
5．考查动词语态。句意：到2023年底，在沙漠周围建立了约2761公里的绿色屏障。根据时间状语By the end of 2023可知，时态应用过去完成时，主语a green barrier与动词establish“建立”构成被动关系，用过去完成时的被动语态。故填had been established。
6．考查冠词。句意：2024年11月28日，一个285公里的缺口被成功“锁定”，这标志着防治荒漠化取得了重大胜利。此处泛指“一个285公里的缺口”，且285以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。故填a。
7．考查形容词。句意：经过半个世纪的努力，该项目不仅锁定了沙漠边缘，还保护了周边绿洲，保障了当地社区的生计，支持了该地区的经济发展。此处修饰名词oases，应用形容词surrounding“周围的”，作定语。故填surrounding。
8．考查定语从句。句意：如今，沙漠上点缀着无数的绿洲，其中许多已成为旅游胜地。逗号后为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词countless oases，指物，关系词代替先行词在从句中作of的宾语，应用关系代词which。故填which。
9．考查名词。句意：该项目的完成不仅是一次环境胜利，也是中国人民坚韧不拔和浪漫情怀的象征。此处作主语，应用名词completion，表示“完成”，不可数名词。故填completion。
10．考查时间状语从句。句意：在可预见的未来，在中国人民的不断努力下，这片沙漠将继续萎缩，直到被中国人民完全圈养起来。此处引导时间状语从句，表示“直到……为止”，应用until引导。故填until。
4.（24-25高三上·湖北荆州·阶段练习）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Spending time in the great outdoors is a full-on sensory experience with endless skies, beautiful forests, the sounds of the wind and the warm feeling of sunrays 1 (rest) on your face. In addition to nature’s 2 (enjoy) sights, sounds and sensations, the familiar smells of nature can be just as appealing. In fact, a recent study found that nature doesn’t just smell good, but 3 (it) fragrances make people feel good as well.
The researchers from the University of Kent in the UK 4 (send) 194 participants to relax in the woodlands throughout the four seasons. The participants reported feeling relaxed when they smelled 5 they described as “fresh air” or “earthy” smells. According to the study, these smells brought back fun memories of their childhoods. For instance, pine trees made some participants think about Christmas.
“We found that smells affected multiple fields of well-being 6 physical well-being discussed most frequently, particularly in relation to relaxation, comfort and rejuvenation,” wrote the researchers in the study. They also found that people feel more settled in a smell-free zone, with this result possibly 7 (link) to the absence of bad-smelling urban smells, like pollution.
Dr Jessica Fisher, study co-author, pointed out these results could 8 (apply) in future practice. In his opinion, when it comes to enjoying a hike in the woods 9 a picnic under the open skies, it pays 10 (keep) not only one’s eyes and ears, but also one’s nose, open.
【答案】
1．resting 2．enjoyable 3．its 4．sent 5．what 6．with 7．linked 8．be applied 9．or 10．to keep
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了大自然芳香的气味能改善幸福感。
1．考查非谓语动词。句意：花时间在户外是一种全方位的感官体验，无尽的天空，美丽的森林，风的声音和温暖的阳光照在你的脸上。rest与sunrays是逻辑主谓关系，应用现在分词，作后置定语。故填resting。
2．考查形容词。句意：除了大自然令人愉快的景象、声音和感觉之外，大自然熟悉的气味也同样具有吸引力。此处修饰sights, sounds and sensations，应用形容词enjoyable“令人愉快的”，作定语。故填enjoyable。
3．考查代词。句意：事实上，最近的一项研究发现，大自然不仅闻起来很香，而且它的香味也让人感觉很好。此处修饰名词fragrances，应用形容词性物主代词its。故填its。
4． 考查动词时态。句意：来自英国肯特大学的研究人员让194名参与者在一年四季都在森林里放松。根据下一句中的“The participants reported. . . ”可知，谓语动词动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时。故填sent。
5．考查宾语从句。句意：参与者报告说，当他们闻到他们所说的“新鲜空气”或“泥土”气味时，他们感到放松。此处引导宾语从句，且在从句中作described的宾语，指物，应用连接代词what引导，表“什么”。故填what。
6．考查介词。句意：“我们发现，气味会影响多个健康领域，其中身体健康是最常被讨论的，特别是与放松、舒适和恢复活力有关的方面，”研究人员在研究中写道。此处是with+宾语+过去分词构成的复合结构。故填with。
7． 考查非谓语动词。句意：他们还发现，人们在没有气味的地方感觉更安定，这种结果可能与没有城市难闻的气味有关，比如污染。此处是“with+宾语+宾补”复合结构作状语，link和宾语this result之间是被动关系，应用过去分词作宾补。故填linked。
8． 考查动词语态。句意：该研究的合著者Jessica Fisher博士指出，这些结果可以应用于未来的实践。these results与apply是动宾关系，应用被动语态；情态动词could后接动词原形。故填be applied。
9．考查连词。句意：在他看来，当谈到在树林里徒步旅行或在开阔的天空下野餐时，不仅要睁大眼睛和耳朵，还要睁大鼻子，这是值得的。a hike in the woods与a picnic under the open skies是二选一关系，应用并列连词or，表“或者”。故填or。
10．考查非谓语动词。句意同上。固定句型It pays to do sth.“值得做某事”。故填to keep。
5.（24-25高三下·河北石家庄·开学考试）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China increasingly engages in environmental diplomacy (外交) through South-South cooperation across 1 developing world. Since 2019, the rise of the discourse (话语) of Nature-based Solutions (NbS) within this cooperation has grown 2 (rapid).
3 (coin) just over ten years ago, NbS refers to the underexplored potential of capitalizing 4 the natural world to address socio-environmental challenges. The concept finds particular resonance (共鸣) in China, 5 focus is in line with the concept of Ecological Civilization—the ruling model when it comes to all aspects of Chinese environmental 6 (govern). Building on the global discourse, NbS has been adapted to the Chinese context, 7 (create) what some call “Chinese-style” NbS that highlights large-scale interventions and ecological engineering over grassroots preservation. From Southeast and Central Asia to Africa and Latin America, Chinese-led or financed projects fall under the broad umbrella of NbS.
China’s NbS are not only being pursued at home, 8 increasingly abroad through the Belt and Road Initiative. China’s acceptance of this concept in environmental diplomacy 9 (relate) to the potential for NbS to serve as a tool for helping the country’s vision of an Ecological Civilization “go global”. The harmony between NbS and Ecological Civilization, combined with the global reach of NbS, provides a 10 (power) platform for taking Chinese environmental discourse to the global level.
【答案】
1．the 2．rapidly 3．Coined 4．on 5．whose 6．governance 7．creating 8．but 9．is related 10．powerful
【导语】本文是一篇说明文：南南合作中基于自然的解决方案是中国生态文明理念的真实写照。
1．考查冠词。句意：中国通过与发展中国家的南南合作，越来越多地参与环境外交。the developing world特指“发展中国家”。故填the。
2．考查副词。句意：自2019年以来，在这一合作中，基于自然的解决方案（NbS）的话语迅速崛起。空前是动词grown，应该用副词rapidly修饰。故填rapidly。
3．考查非谓语动词。句意：NbS这个词诞生于十多年前，指的是利用自然世界来应对社会环境挑战的潜力尚未得到充分开发。NbS与coin（发明）是被动关系，用过去分词作状语。句首单词，首字母大写。故填Coined。
4．考查介词。句意：NbS这个词诞生于十多年前，指的是利用自然世界来应对社会环境挑战的潜力尚未得到充分开发。capitalize on sth. to do表“利用某物来做某事”。故填on。
5．考查定语从句。句意：这个概念在中国得到了特别的共鸣，中国的重点与生态文明的概念是一致的，生态文明是中国环境治理各个方面的主导模式。引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是the concept，与focus构成所属关系。故填whose。
6．考查名词。句意：这个概念在中国得到了特别的共鸣，中国的重点与生态文明的概念是一致的，生态文明是中国环境治理各个方面的主导模式。environmental为形容词，后面接名词，environmental governance表“环境治理”。故填governance。
7．考查非谓语动词。句意：在全球话语的基础上，NbS已经适应了中国的背景，创造了一些人所谓的“中国式”NbS，强调大规模干预和生态工程，而不是基层保护。NbS与create是主动关系，此处是现在分词作伴随状语。故填creating。
8．考查连词。句意：中国不仅在国内推行NbS，而且通过“一带一路”倡议，越来越多地在海外推行NbS。not only… but also的固定搭配，also可以省略。故填but。
9．考查时态、语态、主谓一致。句意：中国在环境外交中接受这一概念，与NbS作为帮助中国生态文明愿景“走出去”的工具的潜力有关。主语China’s acceptance of与relate是被动关系，这里讲的是客观事实用一般现在时的被动语态，be动词用is。故填is related。
10．考查形容词。句意：NbS与生态文明的和谐结合，加上NbS的全球影响力，为中国环境话语走向全球提供了强大的平台。platform是名词，要用形容词powerful修饰。故填powerful。
6.（2025高三下·全国·专题练习）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
People taking care of the environment is 1 (frequent) a theme for Good Deeds Day events. And projects in a Southeast Asian country take this to a new level. More 2 2, 000 volunteers joined together to help protect the country’s rivers. On this special day, 3 (million) of people from 109 countries took part in it.
A massive cleanup removed over 2, 000 kilograms of plastic waste from the Mekong River. As part of the events, 200, 000 fish 4 (release) into the river. Nou Sovann, the manager of River Ocean Cleanup said, “The mission of the day is aimed at creating 5 (aware) on the need to contribute towards releasing fish into rivers, lakes, and ponds to increase the fish population. ” Other events included planting trees, promoting recycling, 6 providing food packages for people in need.
The events centered on the importance of others while 7 (protect) the environment by cleaning up the country’s waterways. The project was a result of a corporation among the 8 (govern), youth groups, and thousands of volunteers. 9 wide variety of events are also being planned around the country so that anyone 10 wants to make a positive impact on their community can have diverse choices.
【答案】
1．frequently 2．than 3．millions 4．were released 5．awareness 6．and 7．protecting 8．government 9．A 10．who
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了全球多国参与的“善行日”活动，聚焦环境保护与社会公益。
1．考查副词。句意：人们爱护环境常常是善行日活动的一个主题。根据句意和空前is可知，空处需用副词修饰整个句子，形容词frequent的副词形式为frequently，意为“常常；频繁地”。故填frequently。
2．考查固定搭配。句意：超过2000名志愿者联合起来帮助保护这个国家的河流。根据空前More和空后2, 000 volunteers可知，空处应用than，构成固定短语more than，意为“超过；多于”。故填than。
3．考查名词复数。句意：在这个特别的日子里，来自109个国家的数百万人参加了这个活动。根据空后of people可知，空处应用名词复数millions，构成固定短语millions of，意为“数百万的；大量的”。故填millions。
4．考查动词时态和语态。句意：作为这些活动的一部分，20万条鱼被释放到河里。根据空前200, 000 fish可知，空处为句子谓语动词，句子描述的是发生在过去的事情，应用一般过去时，主语200, 000 fish和动词release之间是被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态，200, 000 fish为复数，be动词用were。故填were released。
5．考查名词。句意：河流海洋清理项目的负责人Nou Sovann表示：“这一天的任务旨在提高人们对为了增加鱼类数量而向河流、湖泊和池塘放鱼这一必要性的认识。”根据空前的creating可知，空处需接名词作宾语，形容词aware的名词形式awareness，意为“意识；认识”，create awareness表示“产生意识；引起认识”，不可数。故填awareness。
6．考查连词。句意：其他活动包括植树、促进回收利用以及为有需要的人提供食品包。根据空前planting trees, promoting recycling和空后providing food packages for people in need可知，planting trees, promoting recycling与providing food packages for people in need是并列关系，都属于Other events的内容，应用连词and连接。故填and。
7．考查状语从句的省略。句意：这些活动以他人的重要性为核心，同时通过清理这个国家的水道来保护环境。根据空前while可知，while引导时间状语从句，当状语从句和主句主语是同一主语，且从句含有be动词时，从句可以省略主语和be动词，此处从句中省略了The events were，从句中的动作与主句动作同时发生，应用现在分词protecting，作状语。故填protecting。
8．考查名词。句意：这个项目是政府、青年团体和数千名志愿者合作的成果。根据空前among the可知，空处需用名词，作宾语，动词govern的名词形式为government，意为 “政府”。此处特指这一政府，应用单数。故填government。
9．考查冠词。句意：全国各地也在策划各种各样的活动，以便任何想要对自己的社区产生积极影响的人都能有多样化的选择。根据空后wide variety of可知，空处应用冠词，构成固定短语a wide variety of，意为 “各种各样的”，句首单词首字母大写。故填A。
10．考查定语从句。句意：全国各地也在策划各种各样的活动，以便任何想要对自己的社区产生积极影响的人都能有多样化的选择。根据空后wants和can have可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词为anyone，指人，且在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导定语从句。故填who。
7.（2025·福建莆田·二模）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
Hydrogen Energy: Powering the Beijing Winter Olympics
The Beijing Winter Olympics was 1 remarkable event, not only for its outstanding sports competitions 2 also for its innovative use of clean energy. Recognizing the urgency of environmental 3 (protect) and the need to reduce carbon 4 (emission), the Chinese government made a bold move by utilizing hydrogen energy to power the Olympics.
Hydrogen, 5 a clean and renewable energy source, produces only water when it is consumed, leaving no harmful pollutants or greenhouse gas emissions behind. During the Olympics, hydrogen-powered vehicles were 6 (wide) used for transportation, shuttling athletes, officials, and spectators smoothly. Moreover, some venues adopted hydrogen-based heating and power-generation systems, 7 (ensure) a stable energy supply while minimizing the environmental impact.
This initiative not only demonstrated China’s commitment 8 a green Olympics but also set a global example for large-scale clean-energy applications. It 9 (show) the world that hydrogen energy has great potential in various fields, and with 10 (continue) technological advancements, it could play a significant role in the future energy mix, contributing to a more sustainable world.
【答案】
1．a 2．but 3．protection 4．emissions 5．as 6．widely 7．ensuring 8．to 9．showed 10．continuous
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了北京冬奥会利用氢能及氢能的优势和意义。
1．考查冠词。句意：北京冬奥会是一项非凡的赛事，不仅因为其出色的体育比赛，还因为其对清洁能源的创新利用。根据空后remarkable event可知，event是可数名词，此处表示“一项非凡的赛事”，remarkable以辅音音素开头，所以用不定冠词a。故填a。
2．考查连词。句意：北京冬奥会是一项非凡的赛事，不仅因为其出色的体育比赛，还因为其对清洁能源的创新利用。根据空前not only和空后also可知，not only... but also... 为固定搭配，意为“不但…… 而且……”。故填but。
3．考查名词。句意：认识到环境保护的紧迫性以及减少碳排放的必要性，中国政府实施了利用氢能为奥运会提供动力的大胆举措。environmental是形容词，修饰名词，动词protect的名词形式为protection。故填protection。
4．考查名词复数。句意：认识到环境保护的紧迫性以及减少碳排放的必要性，中国政府大胆地利用氢能为奥运会提供动力。carbon emissions是常用表达，意为“碳排放”，应用复数形式emissions。故填emissions。
5．考查介词。句意：氢作为一种清洁可再生能源，在消耗时只产生水，不会留下有害污染物或温室气体排放。根据语境，此处表示“作为”，用介词as，作状语。故填as。
6．考查副词。句意：在奥运会期间，氢动力汽车被广泛用于交通运输，顺利地接送运动员、官员和观众。used是动词，需用副词widely修饰，意为“广泛地”。故填widely。
7．考查非谓语动词。句意：此外，一些场馆采用了基于氢的供热和发电系统，在确保稳定能源供应的同时，将对环境的影响降至最低。句中已有谓语动词adopted，空处应用非谓语动词，逻辑主语some venues和动词ensure之间是主动关系，用现在分词ensuring作结果状语。故填ensuring。
8．考查介词。句意：这一举措不仅展示了中国对绿色奥运的承诺，也为大规模清洁能源应用树立了全球榜样。commitment to... 为固定搭配，意为“对……的承诺”。故填to。
9．考查动词时态。句意：它向世界表明，氢能在各个领域都有巨大的潜力，随着技术的不断进步，它可能在未来的能源结构中发挥重要作用，为更可持续的世界做出贡献。空处为主句谓语动词，句子讲述的是北京冬奥会的事情，是过去发生的，所以用一般过去时，动词show的过去式是showed。故填showed。
10．考查形容词。句意：它向世界表明，氢能在各个领域都有巨大的潜力，随着技术的不断进步，它可能在未来的能源结构中发挥重要作用，为更可持续的世界做出贡献。advancements是名词，需用形容词continuous修饰，意为“持续的；不断的”。故填continuous。
8.（2025届山东省临沂市高三一模考试英语试卷）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Forbidden City is located at the center of Beijing’s central axis, occupying a prominent position in the heart of the city. It was built during the Yongle period of the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644) and took 14 years 1 (complete).
It is rectangular in shape, with a length of 961 meters and a 2 (wide) of 753 meters. Surrounding the Forbidden City is a 10-meter-high wall, with a moat (护城河) 52 meters wide 3 (serve) as an additional layer of defense. The Forbidden City covers 4 area of1,120,000 square meters. Each side of the rectangular city has a gate.
Each corner of the wall 5 (feature) an intricately designed corner tower, adding to the complex’s architectural beauty. For different functions, the Forbidden City 6 (divide) into the Outer Court and the Inner Court. The Outer Court was the venue for the emperor’s court and grand audiences. The southern portion of the Forbidden City has three main halls — the Hall of Supreme Harmony (Taihe dian), Hall of Central Harmony (Zhonghe dian), 7 Hall of Preserving Harmony (Baohe dian).
Mirroring this arrangement is the Inner Court, 8 is the northern portion of the Forbidden City. The Inner Court is not only comprised 9 the residences of the emperor and his consorts but also venues for religious rituals and administrative activities.
The Forbidden City is not only the essence of ancient Chinese palace architecture, but also an important representation of the 10 (culture) revival of the Ming Dynasty.
【答案】
1．to complete 2．width 3．serving 4．an 5．features 6．is divided 7．and 8．which 9．of 10．cultural
【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文详细介绍了故宫的地理位置、建筑规模、结构布局以及其在明清两代的文化和历史重要性。
1．考查非谓语动词。句意：它建于明朝永乐年间(1368-1644)，花了14年才建成。固定句型“It takes sb. some time to do sth.”表示“做某事花费某人多少时间”，其中it是形式主语，不定式是真正的主语。故填to complete。
2．考查名词。句意：它呈长方形，长961米，宽753米。根据句意和空前的不定冠词a可知，此处应用名词单数形式，wide的名词形式是width，意为“宽度”。故填width。
3．考查非谓语动词。句意：句意：故宫周围有一堵10米高的墙，墙外有52米宽的护城河，作为额外的防御层。分析句子结构可知，此处为with复合结构“with+名词+doing sth”，moat与serve之间是主动关系，故用现在分词形式。故填serving。
4．考查冠词。句意：紫禁城占地面积1,120,000平方米。固定短语“cover an area of...”表示“占地……面积”。故填an。
5．考查动词时态。句意：城墙的每个角落都建有一座设计精巧的角楼，为这座建筑群增添了建筑之美。陈述客观事实用一般现在时，主语为Each corner of the wall，谓语用第三人称单数形式。故填features。
6．考查动词时态语态。句意：根据不同的功能，紫禁城分为外朝和内廷。陈述客观事实用一般现在时，主语与谓语构成被动关系，故用一般现在时的被动语态，主语为the Forbidden City，谓语用第三人称单数形式。故填is divided。
7．考查连词。句意：紫禁城的南部有三座主要大殿——太和殿（Taihe dian）、中和殿（Zhonghe dian）和保和殿（Baohe dian）。此处是三个大厅的并列，故用连词and连接。故填and。
8．考查定语从句。句意：与这种布局相呼应的是内廷，即紫禁城的北部。此处为非限制性定语从句修饰先行词the Inner Court，先行词在从句中作主语，指物，故用关系代词which。故填which。
9．考查介词。句意：内廷不仅包括皇帝及其后妃的住所，还包括举行宗教仪式和行政活动的场所。固定短语“be comprised of…”表示“由……组成”。故填of。
10．考查形容词。句意：紫禁城不仅是中国古代宫殿建筑的精髓，也是明朝文化复兴的重要象征。此处应用形容词修饰名词revival，culture的形容词形式是cultural，意为“文化的”。故填cultural。
9.（24-25高三下·江苏淮安·开学考试）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
When it comes to Australia, we can’t help 1 (think) of kangaroos and koalas. Kangaroos are thought to be able to survive in a difficult environment. Often baby kangaroos 2 (find) in their mother’s pouch — a kind of pocket — to stay safe and warm. They sleep and drink milk in that 3 (protect) environment until they are about seven or eight months old. Koalas are quite cute, but they are very 4 (sense) creatures who can easily panic because of even small changes in their environment. They spend quite a lot of time 5 (eat), sleeping, and hanging onto tree trunks, so interactions with humans can cause them a lot of stress. Because of this, the government began to make laws 6 touching koalas. If you want to hold a koala, you have to go to certain licensed zoos 7 animal experts make sure that the koalas selected for each session are in 8 good state for human contact.
Australia also has the duck-billed platypus. Do you know what’s 9 (real) strange about a platypus The platypus doesn’t use its senses of sight or smell to find food. It has a capacity to find food in the water by using electrical 10 (sensor) in its bill. There are only a small handful of animals in the world that can do that!
【答案】
1．thinking 2．are found 3．protected 4．sensitive 5．eating 6．against 7．where 8．a 9．really 10．sensors
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了澳大利亚的袋鼠、考拉和鸭嘴兽的特点。
1．考查动名词。句意：说到澳大利亚，我们不禁会想到袋鼠和考拉。can’t help doing sth.为固定短语，意为“禁不住做某事”。故填thinking。
2．考查时态语态。句意：经常可以在袋鼠妈妈的育儿袋里发现小袋鼠，这是一种口袋，可以让小袋鼠保持安全和温暖。空处为句子的谓语动词。主语baby kangaroos和谓语find为被动关系，且描述客观事实，用一般现在时的被动语态，主语为复数。故填are found。
3．考查形容词。句意：它们在那个受保护的环境中睡觉和喝牛奶，直到它们大约七八个月大。空处修饰名词environment，需用形容词作定语， protected可作形容词“受保护的”，符合语境。故填protected。
4．考查形容词。句意：考拉很可爱，但它们是非常敏感的动物，即使环境有很小的变化，它们也很容易惊慌失措。空处修饰名词creatures，需用形容词作定语，sense的形容词为sensitive，意为“敏感的”。故填sensitive。
5．考查动名词。句意：它们花很多时间吃东西、睡觉和挂在树干上，所以与人类的互动会给它们带来很大的压力。spend time (in) doing sth.为固定短语，意为“花费时间做某事”，此处需用动名词eating作宾语。故填eating。
6．考查介词。句意：正因为如此，政府开始制定法律禁止触摸考拉。结合句意表示“禁止”可知，空处需用介词against，make laws against doing sth.意为“制定法律禁止做某事”。故填against。
7．考查定语从句。句意：如果你想抱考拉，你必须去一些有执照的动物园，那里的动物专家确保为每次互动选择的考拉都适合与人类接触。空处引导定语从句，先行词为zoos，且关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，需用关系副词where引导该从句。故填where。
8．考查冠词。句意：如果你想抱考拉，你必须去一些有执照的动物园，那里的动物专家确保为每次互动选择的考拉都适合与人类接触。in a good state为固定短语，意为“状态良好”。故填a。
9．考查副词。句意：你知道鸭嘴兽真正奇怪的是什么吗？空处修饰形容词strange，需用副词作状语，real的副词为really“真正地”。故填really。
10．考查名词复数。句意：它能够在水中通过鸭嘴中的电传感器找到食物。空处缺少名词作宾语，sensor为可数名词“传感器”。根据语境可知，鸭嘴兽喙中的传感器不止一个，需填名词复数形式。故填sensors。
10.（2025高三下·全国·专题练习）
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。
The coming decade will see a lunar 1 (explore), which means many challenges will appear. Among them is a basic question that scientists are 2 (current) working to answer: what time is it on the Moon
Defining lunar time is not simple. Although the definition 3 the second is the same everywhere, 4 theory of relativity (相对论) proves that clocks tick slower in stronger gravitational fields. The Moon’s gravitational pull is 5 (weak) than Earth’s, meaning that, to an observer on Earth, a lunar clock would run faster than an Earth one. Gramling, a space engineer, 6 (figure) out that a lunar clock would gain about 56 microseconds over 24 hours.
Defining a lunar standard, with which all clocks are compared, will involve setting at least three master clocks that tick at the Moon’s 7 (nature) speed, and their output is collected by an algorithm (算法) to give a more accurate time piece. What will happen then depends on which one scientists choose.
Scientists will also need 8 (decide) where on the Moon to place the master clocks. As on Earth, the equipment’s location will affect ticking speed. The clocks could be in lunar orbit or on the surface. “This is 9 we are discussing right now with our NASA colleagues. Space agencies are also considering other necessary standards to make various countries’ 10 (system) agreed internationally,” says Gramling.
【答案】
1．exploration 2．currently 3．of 4．the 5．weaker 6．figured 7．natural 8．to decide 9．what 10．systems
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家们正在积极寻找方法以精确定义月球上的时间。文章旨在引导学生培养创新性思维，积极探索未知的领域。
1．考查名词。句意：未来十年，我们将进行月球探测，这意味着将出现许多挑战。作宾语，且空前有a lunar修饰，应用名词exploration单数形式。故填exploration。
2．考查副词。句意：其中有一个基本问题是科学家们目前正在努力回答的：月球上的时间是几点？修饰谓语，作状语，应用副词currently。故填currently。
3．考查介词。句意：尽管在任何地方，秒的定义都是一样的，但相对论证明，在更强的引力场中，时钟走得更慢。空前的 the definition 与空后的 the second 为所属关系，应用 of 所有格。故填of。
4．考查冠词。句意：尽管在任何地方，秒的定义都是一样的，但相对论证明，在更强的引力场中，时钟走得更慢。此处特指“相对论”，应用定冠词 the。故填the。
5．考查比较级。句意：月球的引力比地球弱，这意味着，对地球上的观察者来说，月球上的时钟会比地球上的时钟跑得快。根据比较级标志词than可知，此处应用形容词的比较级。故填weaker。
6．考查时态。句意：格拉姆林是一名太空工程师，他计算出月球时钟在24小时内会增加56微秒。根据句意及从句中的 would 可知，此处为一般过去时。故填figured。
7．考查形容词。句意：定义一个月球标准，并与所有时钟进行比较，将涉及设置至少三个以月球自然速度运行的主时钟，它们的输出由一个算法收集，以提供更准确的时钟。修饰名词 speed，作定语，应用形容词natural。故填natural。
8．考查非谓语动词。句意：科学家还需要决定在月球上放置主时钟的位置。need to do sth.“需要做某事”为固定搭配。故填to decide。
9．考查表语从句。句意：这就是我们正在与NASA同事讨论的问题。此处引导表语从句，且在从句中作宾语，表示“我们正在讨论的内容”，应用 what 引导。故填what。
10．考查名词的数。句意：“航天机构也在考虑其他必要的标准，以使各国的系统在国际上得到认可，”Gramling说。system 为可数名词，且其前有形容词 various 修饰，应用名词复数形式。故填systems。
11.（2025高三·全国·专题练习）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
The Shenzhou-19 crewed spaceship was launched at 4:27 a.m., Oct. 30, Wednesday (Beijing Time)from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center 1 northwest China. Chinese astronauts Cai Xuzhe, Song Lingdong and Wang Haoze are carrying out the Shenzhou-19 crewed spaceflight mission, with Cai 2 (be)the commander, according to the China Manned Space Agency on Tuesday.
Cai 3 (complete)the Shenzhou14 space mission in 2022. Song and Wang are newcomers to space. Both of them were born in the 1990s.
Song was 4 former air force pilot before being selected as an astronaut. And Wang is currently China’s only female space flight engineer and has become the 5 (three)Chinese woman to embark on (开始) a crewed spaceflight mission, the agency noted.
The Shenzhou-19 astronauts 6 (complete)in-orbit rotation(交接)with the Shenzhou-18 trio(三人组)and stay at the space station for 7 (approximate) six months. They will witness the arrival of the Tianzhou-8 cargo craft(货运飞船)and Shenzhou-20 crewed spaceship during the mission.
Many tasks await the new crew 8 (complete): conducting space science and application tests, performing extravehicular(舱外的)activities, installing protective devices against space debris(残骸), installing and recycling extravehicular payloads(有效载荷)and equipment, all of 9 are full of challenges. They will also engage in science education, public welfare activities, and other payload tests.
The Shenzhou-19 astronauts are scheduled to return to the Dongfeng landing site 10 (locate)in north China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in late April or early May next year, according to the agency.
【答案】
1．in 2．being 3．completed 4．a 5．third 6．will complete 7．approximately 8．to complete 9．which 10．located
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。主要报道了北京时间10月30日星期三凌晨4点27分，神舟19号载人飞船在中国西北部的酒泉卫星发射中心发射升空。据中国载人航天总局周二消息，中国航天员蔡旭哲、宋令东和王浩泽将执行神舟19号载人航天飞行任务，蔡旭哲担任总指挥。
1．考查介词。句意：北京时间10月30日星期三凌晨4点27分，神舟19号载人飞船在中国西北部的酒泉卫星发射中心发射升空。“in +方位名词 +国家 /地区”表示在某个地区的内部，“in northwest China”表示“在中国西北部”。故填in。
2．考查非谓语动词。句意：据中国载人航天总局周二消息，中国航天员蔡旭哲、宋令东和王浩泽将执行神舟19号载人航天飞行任务，蔡旭哲担任总指挥。此处为“with +宾语 +宾语补足语”的复合结构，“Cai”和“be”之间是主动关系，且表示正在进行的状态，所以用现在分词 being 作宾语补足语。故填being。
3．考查动词时态。句意：蔡旭哲于2022年完成了神舟14号太空任务。根据时间状语 “in 2022” 可知，句子时态应用一般过去时，“complete”的过去式是completed。故填completed。
4．考查冠词。句意：宋令东在被选为宇航员之前，曾是一名空军飞行员。“pilot”是可数名词，“a former air force pilot”表示泛指“一名前空军飞行员”，“former”以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a。故填a。
5．考查序数词。句意：该机构指出，王浩泽是目前中国唯一的女性航天工程师，也是第三位执行载人航天任务的中国女性。根据定冠词“the”以及语境可知，此处表示“第三位”中国女性执行载人航天任务，应用序数词，“three”的序数词是third。故填third。
6．考查动词时态。句意：神舟19号宇航员将与神舟18号三人组一起完成在轨旋转，并在空间站停留大约6个月。根据后文“and stay at the space station for... six months” 以及语境可知，神舟十九号的宇航员将完成与神舟十八号三人组的在轨交接，应用一般将来时，其结构为 “will + 动词原形”。故填will complete。
7．考查副词。句意：神舟19号宇航员将与神舟18号三人组一起完成在轨旋转，并在空间站停留大约6个月。修饰介词短语“for six months”应用副词，“approximate”是形容词，其副词形式是approximately，意为“大约”。故填approximately。
8．考查动词不定式。句意：许多任务等待着新的机组人员完成：进行空间科学和应用测试，进行舱外活动，安装防止空间碎片的保护装置，安装和回收舱外有效载荷和设备，所有这些都充满了挑战。此处“await sb. to do sth.”为固定用法，意为“等待某人做某事”，所以此处用动词不定式to complete作宾语补足语故。填to complete。
9．考查定语从句。句意：许多任务等待着新的机组人员完成：进行空间科学和应用测试，进行舱外活动，安装防止空间碎片的保护装置，安装和回收舱外有效载荷和设备，所有这些都充满了挑战。分析句子可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面提到的一系列任务，指物，在从句中作介词of的宾语，所以用关系代词which引导该定语从句。故填which。
10．考查非谓语动词。句意：据该机构称，神舟19号宇航员计划于明年4月底或5月初返回位于中国北部内蒙古自治区的东风着陆点。分析句子可知，“locate”与“the Dongfeng landing site”之间是被动关系，“be located in”意为“位于”，此处用过去分词短语“located in north China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region”作后置定语，修饰“the Dongfeng landing site”。故填located。
12.（24-25高三上·山西·期末）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
When it comes to the great achievements of architecture, the 1 (Roman) are really among the 2 (great) builders of the world’s history. Some of the 3 (survive) Roman buildings are breathtaking, even now, many centuries after they 4 (construct). And one of such creations is the famous Roman Aqueduct (渡槽) of Segovia, in Spain. This wonderful creation continues to stand firm, almost 2,000 years after its 5 (complete) and is as astonishing as it was on the first day.
The Segovia aqueduct was built of some 24,000 dark-coloured Guadarrama granite (花岗岩) blocks. The aboveground part is 728 meters long, 6 consists of some 165 arches more than 9 meters high.
It 7 (true) shows advanced skills of the Roman builders, and it’s an important insight 8 the secrets of constructing such 9 complex creation.
10 (declare) a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1985, the Segovia aqueduct is now the most representative and recognizable hallmark of Segovia. It is a wonder from its very conception. It is because of its construction, of extreme complexity for its time. It is because it also represents a golden period in the history of the Roman Empire.
【答案】
1．Romans 2．greatest 3．surviving 4．were constructed 5．completion 6．which 7．truly 8．into 9．a 10．Declared
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章向我们介绍了西班牙塞戈维亚罗马渡槽的一些情况。
1．考查名词。句意：当谈到建筑的伟大成就时，罗马人确实是世界历史上最伟大的建造者之一。此处为句子主语，所以使用名词形式，指代“罗马人”，结合谓语动词are可知，此处使用名词复数形式，首字母需大写。故填Romans。
2．考查形容词最高级。句意：当谈到建筑的伟大成就时，罗马人确实是世界历史上最伟大的建造者之一。此处为形容词作定语修饰名词builders，根据句意以及定冠词the可知，此处使用great的最高级形式，用来表达“最伟大的”。故填greatest。
3．考查非谓语动词。句意：一些现存的罗马建筑即使在许多世纪后依然令人叹为观止。此处为非谓语动词作定语修饰Roman buildings，动词survive与Roman buildings之间为主动关系，所以此处使用现在分词形式，描述一些现存的建筑物。故填surviving。
4．考查谓语动词。句意：一些现存的罗马建筑即使在它们被建造后的许多世纪后依然令人叹为观止。此处为句子的谓语动词，根据句意，此处描述的是过去发生的事情，且construct与主语they之间为被动关系，所以此处使用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为复数意义，be动词应为were。故填were constructed。
5．考查名词。句意：这一奇妙的创造在其建成近2000年后依旧稳固地站立着。此处为名词作宾语，complete的名词为completion意为“完成”符合句意。故填completion。
6．考查关系代词。句意：地上部分长728米，由大约165个超过9米高的拱门组成。此处为关系词引导的非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，且先行词The aboveground part指的是事物，所以此处使用关系代词which。故填which。
7．考查副词。句意：它真正展示了罗马建筑者的高级技能。此处为副词作状语修饰shows，true的副词形式为truly意为“真正地”符合句意。故填truly。
8．考查介词。句意：它是对构造这样复杂创造的秘密的重要洞察。此处为“an insight into sth.”意为“对某事物的深入了解”，所以此处使用介词into。故填into。
9．考查不定冠词。句意：它是对构造这样一个复杂创作的秘密的重要洞察。此处creation意为“创作，作品”为可数名词单数，空前无限定词，所以此处使用冠词，结合句意，此处表示“一个复杂的创作”表示泛指意义，且complex是以辅音开头，所以此处使用不定冠词a。故填a。
10．考查非谓语动词。句意：该渡槽于1985年被联合国教科文组织宣布为世界遗产。此处为非谓语动词作状语，declare与逻辑主语the Segovia aqueduct之间是被动关系，所以此处使用过去分词形式，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Declared。语法填空
自然环境、生态环保
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1.（24-25高三上·河北张家口·开学考试）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
You might see some wooden structures standing up above the trees, covered in greenery and made with an interesting conical (圆锥形的) shape. But if you look closer, you'll find that these extraordinary structures are 1 (actual) luxury resorts. They're elegant and beautiful, and get people close to nature 2 an amazing way. And the most 3 (impress) thing about these buildings is their sustainability. These luxury resort buildings produce their own water.
BAOBAB Luxury Safari Resort is eco-tourism at its best. 4 (design) by MASK Architectures, this amazing resort uses an innovative feature known as air-to water technology. Water can be expensive and in high demand in Africa, 5 creates massive health problems.
Therefore, the air-to-water technology is integrated into each one of the resort buildings. This tech works on its own, 6 (pull) moisture (水分) out of the air and purifying it to produce drinking water.
Furthermore, these structures look open and airy, exposed to the heat. However, these buildings 7 (cover) with curtain glass with transparent solar panels. The design is inspired by the baobab tree, 8 ancient tree species which first appeared on the planet 200 million years ago. The structure looks like all wood but are in fact aluminium (铝) poles covered with wood that provide support for the design. There are 9 (channel) inside the poles where air filters are located. Mesh (网状物) capture s moisture in the air as it passes through. The water goes into a tank at the center of the design.
The rest of the resort includes a raised swimming area and an interaction deck where it’s possible 10 (feed) the animals. This is a luxury resort but it also represents an amazing possibility: an eco-friendly, self-sustaining community.
2.（24-25高三上·新疆乌鲁木齐·阶段练习）
阅读下面短文。在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Tourists who visit Copenhagen this month could be treated to a free kayak rental (皮划艇租赁) or a free cup of coffee if they make 1 (environmental) friendly choices during their trip to the Danish capital.
The city announced in July that it was rolling out 2 new initiative, called CopenPay, in an effort 3 (encourage) more sustainable behaviors among visitors, such as walking, biking, taking public transportation and picking up litter.
Arrive at the National Museum by bike or public transportation, and you 4 (get) a free ice cream made from local strawberry and licorice (甘草) when you buy your ticket. Pick up trash in theBaneGaarden area for a free organic meal. GreenKayak will let you take out a kayak at no charge 5 you collect trash on the water and post about it on social media. Officials said participants can show train tickets or photos of themselves engaging in these climate-friendly activities as 6 (prove).
The program 7 (launch) at a time of increasing concern over the environmental and social impacts of tourism. Last year, Copenhagen drew 12 million international overnight 8 (stay), officials said.
The Danish capital is popular 9 visitors for pretty architecture, world-class food and a safe, clean, green environment. It’s a great place to get on two wheels, with 382 kilometers of bike lanes, and 62% of all citizens commute (通勤) by bicycle. “With CopenPay, we’re empowering people to experience more of what Copenhagen offers while 10 (place) less burden on our planet,” said Mikkel Aaro Hansen, CEO of Wonderful Copenhagen, the city’s tourism agency, in a statement.
CopenPay is just a pilot program, but officials said they hope it will become a year-round program and expand beyond Copenhagen.
3.（24-25高三上·福建福州·阶段练习）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
When it comes to deserts, a scene of sandstorms and rolling dunes will pop into our mind. But if you come to the Taklimakan Desert, you will find it is a very breathtaking place different from 1 you have imagined.
Located in Xinjiang, the Taklimakan Desert is the one 2 (cover) 337,000 square kilometers. In the past, the desert expanded outward about 150 meters annually, which seriously posed a serious threat 3 the survival of the local people.
In 1979, a groundbreaking super project began as scheduled, aiming to build large-scale protective forests to reduce disturbing sandstorms and soil erosion 4 (dramatic). The project involved over 600,000 participants from various regions, who employed a variety of approaches to combat the desert. By the end of 2023, a green barrier of about 2,761 kilometers 5 (establish) around the desert. On November 28th, 2024, a significant milestone was achieved as 6 285-kilometer gap was successfully “locked”, marking a great victory in the battle against desertification. With the effort of half a century, the project has not only locked the edges of the desert but also protected the 7 (surround) oases, safeguarding the livelihoods of local communities and supporting the region’s economic development.
Nowadays, the desert is dotted with countless oases, many of 8 have become tourist destinations. The 9 (complete) of the project is not just an environmental victory but also a symbol of perseverance and romance of the Chinese people.
In the foreseeable future, with the continuous efforts of the Chinese people, this desert will continue to shrink 10 it is completely caged by the Chinese people.
4.（24-25高三上·湖北荆州·阶段练习）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Spending time in the great outdoors is a full-on sensory experience with endless skies, beautiful forests, the sounds of the wind and the warm feeling of sunrays 1 (rest) on your face. In addition to nature’s 2 (enjoy) sights, sounds and sensations, the familiar smells of nature can be just as appealing. In fact, a recent study found that nature doesn’t just smell good, but 3 (it) fragrances make people feel good as well.
The researchers from the University of Kent in the UK 4 (send) 194 participants to relax in the woodlands throughout the four seasons. The participants reported feeling relaxed when they smelled 5 they described as “fresh air” or “earthy” smells. According to the study, these smells brought back fun memories of their childhoods. For instance, pine trees made some participants think about Christmas.
“We found that smells affected multiple fields of well-being 6 physical well-being discussed most frequently, particularly in relation to relaxation, comfort and rejuvenation,” wrote the researchers in the study. They also found that people feel more settled in a smell-free zone, with this result possibly 7 (link) to the absence of bad-smelling urban smells, like pollution.
Dr Jessica Fisher, study co-author, pointed out these results could 8 (apply) in future practice. In his opinion, when it comes to enjoying a hike in the woods 9 a picnic under the open skies, it pays 10 (keep) not only one’s eyes and ears, but also one’s nose, open.
5.（24-25高三下·河北石家庄·开学考试）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China increasingly engages in environmental diplomacy (外交) through South-South cooperation across 1 developing world. Since 2019, the rise of the discourse (话语) of Nature-based Solutions (NbS) within this cooperation has grown 2 (rapid).
3 (coin) just over ten years ago, NbS refers to the underexplored potential of capitalizing 4 the natural world to address socio-environmental challenges. The concept finds particular resonance (共鸣) in China, 5 focus is in line with the concept of Ecological Civilization—the ruling model when it comes to all aspects of Chinese environmental 6 (govern). Building on the global discourse, NbS has been adapted to the Chinese context, 7 (create) what some call “Chinese-style” NbS that highlights large-scale interventions and ecological engineering over grassroots preservation. From Southeast and Central Asia to Africa and Latin America, Chinese-led or financed projects fall under the broad umbrella of NbS.
China’s NbS are not only being pursued at home, 8 increasingly abroad through the Belt and Road Initiative. China’s acceptance of this concept in environmental diplomacy 9 (relate) to the potential for NbS to serve as a tool for helping the country’s vision of an Ecological Civilization “go global”. The harmony between NbS and Ecological Civilization, combined with the global reach of NbS, provides a 10 (power) platform for taking Chinese environmental discourse to the global level.
6.（2025高三下·全国·专题练习）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
People taking care of the environment is 1 (frequent) a theme for Good Deeds Day events. And projects in a Southeast Asian country take this to a new level. More 2 2, 000 volunteers joined together to help protect the country’s rivers. On this special day, 3 (million) of people from 109 countries took part in it.
A massive cleanup removed over 2, 000 kilograms of plastic waste from the Mekong River. As part of the events, 200, 000 fish 4 (release) into the river. Nou Sovann, the manager of River Ocean Cleanup said, “The mission of the day is aimed at creating 5 (aware) on the need to contribute towards releasing fish into rivers, lakes, and ponds to increase the fish population. ” Other events included planting trees, promoting recycling, 6 providing food packages for people in need.
The events centered on the importance of others while 7 (protect) the environment by cleaning up the country’s waterways. The project was a result of a corporation among the 8 (govern), youth groups, and thousands of volunteers. 9 wide variety of events are also being planned around the country so that anyone 10 wants to make a positive impact on their community can have diverse choices.
7.（2025·福建莆田·二模）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
Hydrogen Energy: Powering the Beijing Winter Olympics
The Beijing Winter Olympics was 1 remarkable event, not only for its outstanding sports competitions 2 also for its innovative use of clean energy. Recognizing the urgency of environmental 3 (protect) and the need to reduce carbon 4 (emission), the Chinese government made a bold move by utilizing hydrogen energy to power the Olympics.
Hydrogen, 5 a clean and renewable energy source, produces only water when it is consumed, leaving no harmful pollutants or greenhouse gas emissions behind. During the Olympics, hydrogen-powered vehicles were 6 (wide) used for transportation, shuttling athletes, officials, and spectators smoothly. Moreover, some venues adopted hydrogen-based heating and power-generation systems, 7 (ensure) a stable energy supply while minimizing the environmental impact.
This initiative not only demonstrated China’s commitment 8 a green Olympics but also set a global example for large-scale clean-energy applications. It 9 (show) the world that hydrogen energy has great potential in various fields, and with 10 (continue) technological advancements, it could play a significant role in the future energy mix, contributing to a more sustainable world.
8.（2025届山东省临沂市高三一模考试英语试卷）
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The Forbidden City is located at the center of Beijing’s central axis, occupying a prominent position in the heart of the city. It was built during the Yongle period of the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644) and took 14 years 1 (complete).
It is rectangular in shape, with a length of 961 meters and a 2 (wide) of 753 meters. Surrounding the Forbidden City is a 10-meter-high wall, with a moat (护城河) 52 meters wide 3 (serve) as an additional layer of defense. The Forbidden City covers 4 area of1,120,000 square meters. Each side of the rectangular city has a gate.
Each corner of the wall 5 (feature) an intricately designed corner tower, adding to the complex’s architectural beauty. For different functions, the Forbidden City 6 (divide) into the Outer Court and the Inner Court. The Outer Court was the venue for the emperor’s court and grand audiences. The southern portion of the Forbidden City has three main halls — the Hall of Supreme Harmony (Taihe dian), Hall of Central Harmony (Zhonghe dian), 7 Hall of Preserving Harmony (Baohe dian).
Mirroring this arrangement is the Inner Court, 8 is the northern portion of the Forbidden City. The Inner Court is not only comprised 9 the residences of the emperor and his consorts but also venues for religious rituals and administrative activities.
The Forbidden City is not only the essence of ancient Chinese palace architecture, but also an important representation of the 10 (culture) revival of the Ming Dynasty.
9.（24-25高三下·江苏淮安·开学考试）
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When it comes to Australia, we can’t help 1 (think) of kangaroos and koalas. Kangaroos are thought to be able to survive in a difficult environment. Often baby kangaroos 2 (find) in their mother’s pouch — a kind of pocket — to stay safe and warm. They sleep and drink milk in that 3 (protect) environment until they are about seven or eight months old. Koalas are quite cute, but they are very 4 (sense) creatures who can easily panic because of even small changes in their environment. They spend quite a lot of time 5 (eat), sleeping, and hanging onto tree trunks, so interactions with humans can cause them a lot of stress. Because of this, the government began to make laws 6 touching koalas. If you want to hold a koala, you have to go to certain licensed zoos 7 animal experts make sure that the koalas selected for each session are in 8 good state for human contact.
Australia also has the duck-billed platypus. Do you know what’s 9 (real) strange about a platypus The platypus doesn’t use its senses of sight or smell to find food. It has a capacity to find food in the water by using electrical 10 (sensor) in its bill. There are only a small handful of animals in the world that can do that!
10.（2025高三下·全国·专题练习）
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The coming decade will see a lunar 1 (explore), which means many challenges will appear. Among them is a basic question that scientists are 2 (current) working to answer: what time is it on the Moon
Defining lunar time is not simple. Although the definition 3 the second is the same everywhere, 4 theory of relativity (相对论) proves that clocks tick slower in stronger gravitational fields. The Moon’s gravitational pull is 5 (weak) than Earth’s, meaning that, to an observer on Earth, a lunar clock would run faster than an Earth one. Gramling, a space engineer, 6 (figure) out that a lunar clock would gain about 56 microseconds over 24 hours.
Defining a lunar standard, with which all clocks are compared, will involve setting at least three master clocks that tick at the Moon’s 7 (nature) speed, and their output is collected by an algorithm (算法) to give a more accurate time piece. What will happen then depends on which one scientists choose.
Scientists will also need 8 (decide) where on the Moon to place the master clocks. As on Earth, the equipment’s location will affect ticking speed. The clocks could be in lunar orbit or on the surface. “This is 9 we are discussing right now with our NASA colleagues. Space agencies are also considering other necessary standards to make various countries’ 10 (system) agreed internationally,” says Gramling.
11.（2025高三·全国·专题练习）
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The Shenzhou-19 crewed spaceship was launched at 4:27 a.m., Oct. 30, Wednesday (Beijing Time)from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center 1 northwest China. Chinese astronauts Cai Xuzhe, Song Lingdong and Wang Haoze are carrying out the Shenzhou-19 crewed spaceflight mission, with Cai 2 (be)the commander, according to the China Manned Space Agency on Tuesday.
Cai 3 (complete)the Shenzhou14 space mission in 2022. Song and Wang are newcomers to space. Both of them were born in the 1990s.
Song was 4 former air force pilot before being selected as an astronaut. And Wang is currently China’s only female space flight engineer and has become the 5 (three)Chinese woman to embark on (开始) a crewed spaceflight mission, the agency noted.
The Shenzhou-19 astronauts 6 (complete)in-orbit rotation(交接)with the Shenzhou-18 trio(三人组)and stay at the space station for 7 (approximate) six months. They will witness the arrival of the Tianzhou-8 cargo craft(货运飞船)and Shenzhou-20 crewed spaceship during the mission.
Many tasks await the new crew 8 (complete): conducting space science and application tests, performing extravehicular(舱外的)activities, installing protective devices against space debris(残骸), installing and recycling extravehicular payloads(有效载荷)and equipment, all of 9 are full of challenges. They will also engage in science education, public welfare activities, and other payload tests.
The Shenzhou-19 astronauts are scheduled to return to the Dongfeng landing site 10 (locate)in north China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in late April or early May next year, according to the agency.
12.（24-25高三上·山西·期末）
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When it comes to the great achievements of architecture, the 1 (Roman) are really among the 2 (great) builders of the world’s history. Some of the 3 (survive) Roman buildings are breathtaking, even now, many centuries after they 4 (construct). And one of such creations is the famous Roman Aqueduct (渡槽) of Segovia, in Spain. This wonderful creation continues to stand firm, almost 2,000 years after its 5 (complete) and is as astonishing as it was on the first day.
The Segovia aqueduct was built of some 24,000 dark-coloured Guadarrama granite (花岗岩) blocks. The aboveground part is 728 meters long, 6 consists of some 165 arches more than 9 meters high.
It 7 (true) shows advanced skills of the Roman builders, and it’s an important insight 8 the secrets of constructing such 9 complex creation.
10 (declare) a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1985, the Segovia aqueduct is now the most representative and recognizable hallmark of Segovia. It is a wonder from its very conception. It is because of its construction, of extreme complexity for its time. It is because it also represents a golden period in the history of the Roman Empire.
