必修三Unit 2 基础知识巩固与练习 1
一．根据中文写英文
injure v.伤害；损害→ injury n.伤害；损伤→injured adj.受伤的；受损害的
confirm v.证实；确认；批准；使巩固 →confirmation n.证实；确认；批准→confirmed adj.确认的；坚定的；根深蒂固的
occur v.发生；出现；存在；被想起→ occurrence n.发生；出现；事件；发现
orderly adj.有秩序的；整齐的；有条理的→ order v.命令；订购；整理；安排
establish v.建立；设立；创办→ establishment n.建立；设立；机构；企业；
disaster n灾难；灾祸→ disastrous adj.灾难性的→ disastrously adv. 灾难性地；悲惨地
二．用所给单词的适当形式填空
The construction worker was severely (severe) injured when a large beam fell on him at the building site.
The volcanic eruption was a truly disastrous (disaster) event, blanketing the nearby towns with thick ash.
Chemical factories must handle poisonous (poison) substances with extreme caution to prevent environmental contamination.
Hiking alone in the mountains can be extremely dangerous (danger), especially in adverse weather conditions.
Despite the fear, the soldier showed remarkable courage (courageous) in the face of the enemy's gunfire.
The young traveler embarked on an adventurous (adventure) trip through the uncharted deserts of Africa.
The public's reaction (react) to the new tax reform has been a mix of confusion and concern.
We are still waiting for the official confirmation (confirm) of the concert date.
Even during the emergency, the hospital staff remained calm and orderly (order), ensuring efficient patient care.
The sudden occurrence (occur) of a power outage in the middle of the exam caused a stir among the students.
三．单句语法填空
The speeding motorcycle crashed into the guardrail, throwing the rider several meters away.
The lost sailors sent out a distress signal in the hope of being rescued by passing ships.
Her reaction to the unexpected test results was a mixture of shock and disappointment.
Certain metals react vigorously with water, producing hydrogen gas.
The youth in that community often react against the traditional norms, seeking new forms of expression.
It occurred to the scientist that he might have overlooked an important variable in his experiment.
The two companies decided to establish a joint venture with the purpose of developing new technologies.
The latest research findings confirmed the researchers in their initial hypothesis.
The hailstorm did a great injury to the newly planted crops in the fields.
The antique vase crashed onto the hard marble floor, shattering into countless tiny pieces.
Athletes need to be extremely careful to avoid being injured (injure) during intensive training sessions.
四．句子翻译填空
吸烟不仅会损害肺部，还会增加心脏病发作的风险。
Smoking will not only injure your lungs but also increase the risk of heart attacks.
那次严重的飞机坠毁事故导致机上所有乘客和机组人员丧生。
The severe plane crash claimed the lives of all passengers and crew on board.
失控的卡车猛地撞上了路边的电线杆，引发了一场小规模火灾。
The out - of - control truck crashed violently into the roadside pole, starting a small fire.
这个非政府组织正努力在贫困地区建立一系列的教育中心。
The NGO is striving to establish a series of educational centers in poverty - stricken areas.
教练示意球员们改变战术，以应对对手出乎意料的进攻策略。
The coach signaled the players to change their tactics to deal with the opponent's unexpected attacking strategy.
她不经意间说的话深深伤害了他的自尊心，导致他们之间的关系出现了裂痕。
Her casually spoken words deeply injured his self - esteem, causing a rift in their relationship.
新的证据最终证实了他在案件中的清白。
The new evidence finally confirmed his innocence in the case.
他选择在这么冷的天穿短裤，这一奇怪行为让周围的人都感到惊讶。
His odd behavior of choosing to wear shorts on such a cold day surprised everyone around him.
在这份复杂的财务报告中，意外地出现了一个重大错误。
Surprisingly, a major mistake occurred in this complex financial report.
在紧急疏散过程中，保持有序对确保每个人的安全至关重要。
During the emergency evacuation, it is crucial to remain orderly to ensure everyone's safety.必修三Unit 2 基础知识巩固与练习 1
一．根据中文写英文
________ v.伤害；损害→ ________ n.伤害；损伤→________ adj.受伤的；受损害的
________ v.证实；确认；批准；使巩固 →________ n.证实；确认；批准→________ adj.确认的；坚定的；根深蒂固的
________ v.发生；出现；存在；被想起→ ________ n.发生；出现；事件；发现
________ adj.有秩序的；整齐的；有条理的→ ________ v.命令；订购；整理；安排
________ v.建立；设立；创办→ ________ n.建立；设立；机构；企业；
________ n灾难；灾祸→ ________adj.灾难性的→ ________ adv. 灾难性地；悲惨地
用所给单词的适当形式填空
The construction worker was ________ (severe) injured when a large beam fell on him at the building site.
The volcanic eruption was a truly ________ (disaster) event, blanketing the nearby towns with thick ash.
Chemical factories must handle ________ (poison) substances with extreme caution to prevent environmental contamination.
Hiking alone in the mountains can be extremely ________ (danger), especially in adverse weather conditions.
Despite the fear, the soldier showed remarkable ________ (courageous) in the face of the enemy's gunfire.
The young traveler embarked on an ________ (adventure) trip through the uncharted deserts of Africa.
The public's ________ (react) to the new tax reform has been a mix of confusion and concern.
We are still waiting for the official ________ (confirm) of the concert date.
Even during the emergency, the hospital staff remained calm and ________ (order), ensuring efficient patient care.
The sudden ________ (occur) of a power outage in the middle of the exam caused a stir among the students.
三．单句语法填空
The speeding motorcycle crashed ________ the guardrail, throwing the rider several meters away.
The lost sailors sent out a distress signal ________ the hope of being rescued by passing ships.
Her reaction ________ the unexpected test results was a mixture of shock and disappointment.
Certain metals react vigorously ________ water, producing hydrogen gas.
The youth in that community often react ________ the traditional norms, seeking new forms of expression.
It occurred ________ the scientist that he might have overlooked an important variable in his experiment.
The two companies decided to establish a joint venture ________ the purpose of developing new technologies.
The latest research findings confirmed the researchers ________ their initial hypothesis.
The hailstorm did a great injury ________ the newly planted crops in the fields.
The antique vase crashed ________ the hard marble floor, shattering into countless tiny pieces.
Athletes need to be extremely careful to avoid ________ (injure) during intensive training sessions.
句子翻译填空
吸烟不仅会损害肺部，还会增加心脏病发作的风险。
Smoking will not only ________ your lungs but also________ ________ ________ ________ heart attacks.
那次严重的飞机坠毁事故导致机上所有乘客和机组人员丧生。
The severe plane ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ all passengers and crew on board.
失控的卡车猛地撞上了路边的电线杆，引发了一场小规模火灾。
The out - of - control truck ________ ________ ________the roadside pole, starting a small fire.
这个非政府组织正努力在贫困地区建立一系列的教育中心。
The NGO is striving to ________ a series of educational centers in poverty - stricken areas.
教练示意球员们改变战术，以应对对手出乎意料的进攻策略。
The coach ________ the players ________ change their tactics to deal with the opponent's unexpected attacking strategy.
她不经意间说的话深深伤害了他的自尊心，导致他们之间的关系出现了裂痕。
Her casually spoken words deeply ________ his self - esteem, ________ a rift in their relationship.
新的证据最终证实了他在案件中的清白。
The new evidence finally ________ his innocence in the case.
他选择在这么冷的天穿短裤，这一奇怪行为让周围的人都感到惊讶。
His ________ ________of choosing to wear shorts on such a cold day surprised everyone around him.
在这份复杂的财务报告中，意外地出现了一个重大错误。
Surprisingly, a major mistake ________ in this complex financial report.
在紧急疏散过程中，保持有序对确保每个人的安全至关重要。
During the emergency evacuation, it is crucial to ________ ________ to ensure everyone's safety.必修三Unit 2 基础知识巩固与练习 1详案
二、用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. 答案：severely
【详解】考查副词。句意：当一根大梁在建筑工地砸到这位建筑工人时，他受了重伤。”injured“是动词，需要用副词修饰，severe 的副词形式 severely 表示” 严重地 “，故填 severely。
2. 答案：disastrous
【详解】考查形容词。句意：火山爆发是一场真正的灾难性事件，附近的城镇都被厚厚的火山灰覆盖。event 是名词，前面需要用形容词修饰，disaster 的形容词形式 disastrous 表示” 灾难性的 “，故填 disastrous。
3. 答案：poisonous
【详解】考查形容词。句意：化工厂必须极其谨慎地处理有毒物质，以防止环境污染。substances 是名词，需要用形容词修饰，poison 的形容词形式 poisonous 表示” 有毒的 “，故填 poisonous。
4. 答案：dangerous
【详解】考查形容词。句意：独自在山区徒步旅行可能极其危险，尤其是在恶劣的天气条件下。be 动词后需要用形容词作表语，danger 的形容词形式 dangerous 表示” 危险的 “，故填 dangerous。
5. 答案：courage
【详解】考查名词。句意：尽管充满恐惧，这名士兵在敌人的炮火面前表现出了非凡的勇气。showed 是及物动词，后接名词作宾语，courageous 的名词形式 courage 表示” 勇气 “，故填 courage。
6. 答案：adventurous
【详解】考查形容词。句意：这位年轻的旅行者开始了一次穿越非洲未知沙漠的冒险之旅。trip 是名词，需要用形容词修饰，adventure 的形容词形式 adventurous 表示” 冒险的 “，故填 adventurous。
7. 答案：reaction
【详解】考查名词。句意：公众对新的税收改革的反应是既困惑又担忧。public's 是名词所有格，后接名词，react 的名词形式 reaction 表示” 反应 “，故填 reaction。
8. 答案：confirmation
【详解】考查名词。句意：我们仍在等待音乐会日期的官方确认。official 是形容词，后接名词，confirm 的名词形式 confirmation 表示” 确认 “，故填 confirmation。
9. 答案：orderly
【详解】考查形容词。句意：即使在紧急情况下，医院工作人员仍然保持冷静和有序，确保高效的病人护理。remain 是系动词，后接形容词作表语，order 的形容词形式 orderly 表示” 有序的 “，故填 orderly。
10. 答案：occurrence
【详解】考查名词。句意：考试中途突然停电，在学生中引起了一阵骚动。sudden 是形容词，后接名词，occur 的名词形式 occurrence 表示” 发生的事情，事件 “，故填 occurrence。
三、单句语法填空
这里 “throwing the rider several meters away” 是现在分词短语作结果状语，表示摩托车撞上护栏产生的自然而然的结果，无需变化，属于非谓语动词的正确使用。
“in the hope of” 是固定短语，表示 “怀着…… 的希望”，“of” 是介词，后接动名词，“being rescued” 是动名词的被动形式，表示 “被营救”，符合语境，无需变化。
“reaction to” 是固定搭配，表示 “对…… 的反应”，此处表达对意外考试结果的反应，无需变化。
“react with” 是固定短语，表示 “与…… 发生反应”，句子描述某些金属和水发生反应，无需变化。
“react against” 是固定短语，表示 “反对；反抗”，这里指社区里的年轻人反抗传统规范，无需变化。
“It occurred to sb. that...” 是固定句型，表示 “某人突然想到……”，这里指科学家突然想到在实验中可能忽略了一个重要变量，无需变化。
“with the purpose of” 是固定短语，表示 “为了…… 目的”，这里指两家公司建立合资企业的目的，无需变化。
“confirm sb. in sth.” 是固定搭配，表示 “使某人在某事上坚定”，这里指最新研究结果使研究人员坚定最初的假设，无需变化。
“do injury to” 是固定短语，表示 “对…… 造成伤害”，这里指冰雹对新种的庄稼造成伤害，无需变化。
“shattering into countless tiny pieces” 是现在分词短语作结果状语，表示花瓶掉到地上摔碎的结果，无需变化。
答案：being injured
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：运动员在高强度训练期间需要极其小心以避免受伤。avoid 后接动名词作宾语，且 athletes 和 injure 之间是被动关系，表示 “被伤害”，所以用动名词的被动形式 being injured，故填 being injured。
四、句子翻译填空
“not only...but also...” 表示 “不仅…… 而且……”，“injure” 表示 “损害”，“increase the risk of” 表示 “增加…… 的风险”，准确表达了句子意思。
“severe” 表示 “严重的”，“claim the lives of” 表示 “夺走…… 的生命”，很好地完成了句子翻译。
“out - of - control” 表示 “失控的”，“crash into” 表示 “撞上”，“starting a small fire” 现在分词短语作结果状语，翻译合理。
“strive to do sth.” 表示 “努力做某事”，“establish” 表示 “建立”，符合句子表达。
“signal sb. to do sth.” 表示 “示意某人做某事”，“deal with” 表示 “应对”，翻译正确。
“casually spoken words” 表示 “不经意说的话”，“injure” 表示 “伤害”，“cause a rift” 表示 “导致裂痕”，准确传达了句意。
“confirm” 表示 “证实”，“innocence” 表示 “清白”，翻译恰当。
“odd behavior” 表示 “奇怪行为”，“surprise” 表示 “使…… 惊讶”，符合句子意思。
“occur” 表示 “出现”，“surprisingly” 表示 “意外地”，翻译正确。
“it is crucial to do sth.” 表示 “做某事至关重要”，“remain orderly” 表示 “保持有序”，翻译准确。
