第一次月考复习之阅读理解20篇
（各地市月考真题）
应用文
（23-24高一下·江苏无锡·阶段练习）Each US university and college sets its own admission standards and decides which applicants meet those standards. But the steps are the same for each. Here are Some of the major steps you will follow:
Timing
Universities and colleges in the US usually offer two main academic terms: Spring terms run from January to May and fall terms run from mid-August or September to December. While each US university and college will have different dates for applying to programs, application submissions are usually open and accepted 10 months before the program starts.
Application
Each institution has its own application form, and all US universities which accept international students give you the option to apply online. Keep in mind that almost all US institutions have an application fee.
Take admissions tests
Students applying to universities and colleges in the US must take certain examinations (SAT, ACT, GMAT, etc.) that measure achievement. International students must also take a test that measures English language proficiency. These tests are given at test centers around the world. They are “standardized”, so that students take the same test at every test center. Your scores give the admissions office a uniform international standard for measuring your ability in comparison with other students.
Receive acceptance letters
After the application deadline, you will begin receiving letters from your chosen schools. Some universities inform candidates of their acceptance soon after their documents have arrived in the admissions office; this is called “rolling admissions”. Other schools, however, wait several months and inform all candidates at one time.
1．What can we learn about application
A．It has to be submitted in person ahead of time.
B．There is a commonly-used application form.
C．One will be charged for his/her application.
D．It is still available when the program starts.
2．What should a Japanese student do if he/she wants to apply to US colleges
A．Excel in English.
B．Sit the test in US.
C．Volunteer at test centers.
D．Get good grades at home.
3．Which section of a newspaper is this text most likely taken from
A．Culture. B．Campus.
C．Entertainment. D．Life.
【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。本文介绍了申请美国大学的步骤，包括申请时间、申请方式、入学考试和接收录取通知书等。
1．细节理解题。根据“Application”部分中的“Keep in mind that almost all US institutions have an application fee. (请记住，几乎所有的美国机构都有申请费。)”可知，申请美国大学是需要支付申请费的。故选C。
2．细节理解题。根据“Take admissions tests”部分中的“International students must also take a test that measures English language proficiency. These tests are given at test centers around the world. They are “standardized”, so that students take the same test at every test center. Your scores give the admissions office a uniform international standard for measuring your ability in comparison with other students.(国际学生还必须参加英语语言能力测试。这些考试在世界各地的考试中心进行。它们是‘标准化的’，所以学生在每个考试中心参加相同的考试。你的分数给招生办公室提供了一个统一的国际标准，用来衡量你与其他学生的能力。)” 可知，如果一个日本学生想申请美国大学，他/她必须参加英语语言能力测试，且在英语方面表现出色；英语语言能力测试在世界各地的考试中心进行，因此日本学生想申请美国大学，不需要在美国参加考试。故选A。
3．推理判断题。根据第一段“Each US university and college sets its own admission standards and decides which applicants meet those standards. But the steps are the same for each. (每所美国大学和学院都有自己的录取标准，并决定哪些申请人符合这些标准。但每个步骤都是相同的。)”以及结合文章内容可知，文章介绍了美国大学的申请步骤，根据这一主旨，可以判断这篇文章最可能出自报纸的“校园（Campus）”版块。故选B。
（23-24高一下·江苏苏州·阶段练习）The London Eye remains temporarily closed but in line with the Government’s roadmap out of lockdown we plan to reopen from 17th May. You can pre-book now. Further information can be found here.
What to Expect
The London Eye soars 443 feet into the sky and views stretching 25 miles in every direction. Since opening in 2000, it has been used as a backdrop in countless films and is loved by Britons and visitors alike. This is the UK's most popular visitor attraction, visited by over 3.5 million people a year.
Each London Eye capsule holds up to 25 passengers comfortably. All capsules are fully air-conditioned and rotate(旋转) on a special device designed to keep everyone upright as the wheel makes a slow but progressive rotation. The full rotation lasts 30 minutes of an ever changing view of this dynamic city.
Opening Times
■ September to May 10:00 a.m.—8:00 p.m. daily
■ June 10:00 a.m.—9:00 p.m. daily
■ July 10:00 a.m.—9:30 p.m. daily
■ August 10:00 a.m.—8:30 p.m. daily
■ Not open on Christmas Day or during maintenance period.
Ticket Prices
Adult: Child(5—15 years):
January to March ￡15.00 January to March ￡7.50
April to December ￡15.50 April to December ￡7.75
Senior (60 plus): ￡12.00 Child under 5 years: free
Booking line
■ 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. Monday to Sunday
■ Telephone: 0870 5000 600
1．Which of the following does the London Eye ride offer
A．A 30-minute fast rotation. B．A 360°moving view of the city.
C．An insight into its long history. D．A non-chargeable admission.
2．When is the London Eye open in January
A．10:00 a.m.—8:00 p.m. B．10:00 a.m.—9:00 p.m.
C．10:00 a.m.—9:30 p.m. D．10:00 a.m.—8:30 p.m.
3．What's the charge for a young couple with a 5-year-old boy who visit on the reopening day
A．￡38.75. B．￡31. C．￡37.5. D．￡30.
【答案】1．B 2．A 3．A
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了伦敦眼计划从5月17日开始重新开放，包括值得期待的活动，开放时间和门票价格等相关信息。
1．细节理解题。根据What to Expect部分的“The London Eye soars 113 fee into the sky and views stretching 25 miles every direction.(伦敦眼高达113米，视野遍布25英里。)”可知伦敦眼可展示360度视角下的城市。故选B项。
2．细节理解题。根据Opening Times部分的第一行“September to May 10:00am — 8:00pm（九月份至五月份，每天早上十点到晚上八点。）”可知，它在一月份的早上十点到晚上八点开放。故选A项。
3．细节理解题。根据第一段“we plan to reopen from 17th May.(我们打算从五月十七号开始重新开放）”，以及Ticket Prices部分的第一个方框“Adult(成年人），April to December 15.50 (四月至十二月，十五点五英镑)”，以及第二个方框“Child (5-15years) (孩子5至15岁），April to December 7.75 (四月至十二月，7.75英镑）”，合计票价为2*15.50+7.75=38.75英镑，可知，他们的费用是38.75英镑，故选A项。
（23-24高一下·江苏扬州·阶段练习）Habitat Restoration Member-Pinnacles National Park
American Conservation Experience (ACE), cooperating with Pinnacles National Park, is seeking one habitat restoration member to contribute to habitat restoration projects alongside National Park Service (NPS) staff.
Start Date: March 6, 2024
Estimated End Date: July 21, 2024
Location Details / Description: Pinnacles National Park in Paicines, Califomia
Position Overview: The ACE members will directly serve within the Division of Research and Resource Management at Pinnacles National Park. The members will serve as part of a crew conducting invasive (入侵的) plant treatment and habitat restoration efforts (80%). Additional duties (<20%) may include projects on other resource-related projects.
Living Allowance (津贴): The ACE member is expected to contribute 40 hours / week and will receive a living allowance of $600/ week to offset (抵消) the costs of food and incidental expenses, distributed every two weeks.
Housing: Housing is the responsibility of the member and not provided by ACE or NPS.
A personal vehicle is highly recommended.
Qualifications:
*Members must be a U. S. citizen or permanent resident.
*Ability to be both self-directed, and be a positive, contributing member of a group.
*A driver’s license.
*Must be able to hike up to ten miles per day carrying equipment weighing up to 40 pounds.
*Must be willing to mix, load, and apply herbicides (除草剂) with the direct guidance of a licensed application.
Preferred:
*Practical knowledge of a wide range of field restoration skills and invasive plant control techniques.
*Bilingual applicants are encouraged and welcome.
1．What is a main responsibility of the ACE members
A．Cleaning the park. B．Restoring habitats.
C．Training NPS staff. D．Conducting projects.
2．How much living allowance can an ACE member receive every month
A．$300. B．$600. C．$1,200. D．$2,400.
3．What requirement must an applicant meet
A．Being able to work on his own.
B．Becoming a licensed applicant.
C．Being able to speak two languages.
D．Hiking at least ten miles per week.
【答案】1．B 2．D 3．B
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章是一则美国保育体验组织招募栖息地恢复成员的启事。
1．细节理解题。根据Position Overview 部分中的“The ACE members will directly serve within the Division of Research and Resource Management at Pinnacles National Park. The members will serve as part of a crew conducting invasive (入侵的) plant treatment and habitat restoration efforts (80%). Additional duties (<20%) may include projects on other resource-related projects. (ACE成员将直接在尖峰国家公园的研究和资源管理部门工作。这些成员将作为一个团队的一部分进行入侵植物治疗和栖息地恢复工作(80%)。额外职责(<20%)可能包括其他资源相关项目的项目。)”可知，ACE成员的主要职责之一是恢复栖息地。故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据Living Allowance 部分中的“The ACE member is expected to contribute 40 hours / week and will receive a living allowance of $600/ week to offset (抵消) the costs of food and incidental expenses, distributed every two weeks. (ACE成员预计每周贡献40小时，并将获得每周600美元的生活津贴，以抵消食物和杂费，每两周分发一次。)”可知，ACE成员每周享受600美元的生活津贴，那么每月就能享受2400美元的生活津贴。故选D。
3．细节理解题。根据Qualifications部分中的“A driver’s license. (驾照。)”可知，申请者需要具备的条件之一是需具备驾驶执照。故选B。
（23-24高一下·江苏南通·阶段练习）A visit to Antarctica is much more than a holiday. Remote and undamaged, any journey there is a unique adventure you’ll find nowhere else on earth.
As you cruise in style aboard Discovery, you will gaze upon majestic, icy peaks, giant icebergs and diverse wildlife that includes whales, seals, penguins and birds. You will sail through glassy bays and have the opportunity, weather permitting, to set foot on Antarctica’s shores and volcanic beaches. On all cruises, you will get as close to nature as you would on smaller ships, while enjoying a higher class of Discovery’s 4-star comforts.
Exciting cruises aboard Discovery
No single supplement on cabinsVoyage to Antarctica
20 Days, departing 16 November 2023
From Lisbon across the Atlantic Ocean to Buenos Aires with stops in exotic settings like Funchal, Rio de Janeiro and Ushuaia
Now from 3575
Antarctica, Chile &Patagonia
18 Days, departing 16 December 2023
From Buenos Aires sail to Antarctica and depart the ship in Santiago
Now from 3145
Note: some sailings might be in reverse, from Santiago to Buenos Aires
Cape to Cape
23 Days, departing 7 February 2023
Leave from Buenos Aires and sail around Cape Horn, visit Antarctica and make your way to Cape Town, South Africa
Now from 2995
What’s included:
●All meals, entertainment and tips on board. Return flights to /from UK. Overseas transfers between airports, hotels and ship. Hotel stays in Buenos Aires and Santiago. Informative lecture programme, Landings ashore and small boat sightseeing.
●PLUS—Save an extra 500 per couple on early bookings before September 2023.
The priority of the cruises is to provide you with opportunities to learn about Antarctica’s fragile ecosystem. Lectures given by Dr. Peter Carey and his team will bring Antarctica to life. They will accompany you on your landings ashore and on small boat field trips （depending on ice and weather conditions）.
1．What activity is included on Discovery cruises
A．Camping on the volcanic beaches.
B．Interacting with seals and penguins if possible.
C．Swimming through the waters filled with icebergs.
D．Setting foot on Antarctica’s shores if the weather allows.
2．Which month’s cruise plan offers the possibility of sailing in the opposite way
A．February. B．December. C．November. D．September.
3．A major focus of Discovery cruises is ______.
A．extending luxury hotel stays
B．small boat sightseeing and landing ashore
C．learning about the environment of Antarctica
D．providing free meals and entertainment on board
【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了南极旅行的独特魅力，提供了多种旅行线路和包含的服务，并强调了旅行的教育意义，旨在吸引游客体验这一非凡的冒险。
1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“As you cruise in style aboard Discovery, you will gaze upon majestic, icy peaks, giant icebergs and diverse wildlife that includes whales, seals, penguins and birds. You will sail through glassy bays and have the opportunity, weather permitting, to set foot on Antarctica’s shores and volcanic beaches.(当你乘坐“发现号”豪华游轮时，你会看到雄伟的冰峰、巨大的冰山和各种各样的野生动物，包括鲸鱼、海豹、企鹅和鸟类。您将乘船穿过玻璃般的海湾，如果天气允许，您将有机会踏上南极洲的海岸和火山海滩。)”可知，，在Discovery游轮上的一项活动是如果天气允许，可以踏上南极的海岸。故选D。
2．细节理解题。根据文章Antarctica, Chile &Patagonia部分中的“Note: some sailings might be in reverse, from Santiago to Buenos Aires(注意：从圣地亚哥到布宜诺斯艾利斯的一些航线可能是相反的)”以及“18 Days, departing 16 December 2023(18天，2023年12月16日启程)”，可知，2023年12月16日启程的航行计划中的一些航线可能采用相反的航行方向。故选B。
3．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“The priority of the cruises is to provide you with opportunities to learn about Antarctica’s fragile ecosystem.(游轮的首要任务是让您有机会了解南极洲脆弱的生态系统。)”可知，Discovery游轮旅行的首要重点是为你提供了解南极脆弱生态系统的机会。因此，Discovery游轮旅行的一个主要焦点是学习南极的环境。故选C。
记叙文
（23-24高一下·江苏苏州·阶段练习）My husband and I always wanted to go to the Caribbean but didn’t know much about the islands or how we were going to afford it. By chance, a friend of ours in Australia mentioned“ pet sitting” and that it is something you can do all over the world.
We quickly created an account on a pet sitting website and began searching for options. There were only a couple of sits available in that part of the world, but we tried our luck, sent a request, and to our surprise landed a three- month job in Grenada, so our year was going to be taken up with Caribbean pet sits.
Inspired by a Canadian couple, we decided to start our own travel blog. We began by writing about The Virgin Islands, highlighting the beautiful beaches. However, for every photo album of a beautiful beach, there were 10 photos of trash (垃圾). It was hard to ignore the plastic pollution issue, especially on such primitive and remote beaches. So, we began to share photos of the trash we saw and how much we could pick up on our daily dog walks.
The more we looked into plastic pollution, the more we realized the severity of the global plastic pollution. From that point, we used our platform to create awareness and highlight ways to say no to plastic and travel plastic- free. We changed our daily routines, our way of living, and even our diets to accommodate more organic foods and little to no plastic packaging.
It’s been over three years now and we continue to do what we can. This journey has led us to some amazing places, working with great brands and even organizing a country- wide beach clean-up campaign in Grenada.
Our aim now is to keep on going. We love connecting with like- minded people. It’s been amazing few years that was sparked by a conversation about pet sitting. Who would have guessed
1．Why did the author do pet sitting
A．To raise fund. B．To protect the environment.
C．To shoot beautiful beaches. D．To cover travel spending.
2．What does the author intend to convey through her story
A．Action should be taken to fight plastic pollution.
B．The Caribbean is an ideal travel destination.
C．Travel blog is a superb way to gain popularity.
D．Pet sitting is a new type of occupation.
3．How did the author find her experience in the Caribbean
A．Terrible. B．Challenging. C．Adventurous. D．Significant.
4．Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text
A．Changing Lifestyles by Pet Sitting.
B．Dealing with Global Environment Pollution.
C．Unexpected Gains from Pet Sitting Travel.
D．The Availability of Pet Sitting in the Caribbean.
【答案】1．D 2．A 3．D 4．C
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者夫妇通过宠物寄养的方式旅行，并在此过程中发现了塑料污染问题，从而开始利用自己的旅行博客提高人们对塑料污染的认识，并采取行动减少塑料使用的故事。
1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“My husband and I always wanted to go to the Caribbean but didn’t know much about the islands or how we were going to afford it. By chance, a friend of ours in Australia mentioned “pet sitting” and that it is something you can do all over the world. (我和丈夫一直想去加勒比海，但我们对这些岛屿知之甚少，也不知道怎么负担得起这次旅行。碰巧，我们在澳大利亚的一个朋友提到了“宠物寄养”，并且说这是可以在世界各地做的事情”)”及第二段“We quickly created an account on a pet sitting website and began searching for options. There were only a couple of sits available in that part of the world, but we tried our luck, sent a request, and to our surprise landed a three-month job in Grenada, so our year was going to be taken up with Caribbean pet sits. (我们很快在一个宠物寄养网站上创建了一个账户，并开始寻找选择。在那个地区只有少数几个宠物寄养的机会，但我们碰碰运气，发出了请求，令人惊讶的是，我们在格林纳达得到了一份为期三个月的工作，所以我们这一年将会被加勒比海的宠物寄养占据)”可知，作者夫妇通过做宠物寄养来覆盖旅行的花费。故选D项。
2．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“It was hard to ignore the plastic pollution issue, especially on such primitive and remote beaches. So, we began to share photos of the trash we saw and how much we could pick up on our daily dog walks. (很难忽视塑料污染的问题，尤其是在这样原始而偏远的海滩上。于是，我们开始分享我们看到的垃圾的照片，以及我们在每天遛狗时能捡起多少垃圾)”及第五段“From that point, we used our platform to create awareness and highlight ways to say no to plastic and travel plastic-free. We changed our daily routines, our way of living, and even our diets to accommodate more organic foods and little to no plastic packaging. (从那时起，我们利用我们的平台提高人们的意识，并强调拒绝使用塑料和无塑料旅行的方法。我们改变了日常生活习惯、生活方式，甚至饮食习惯，以适应更多的有机食品和很少或没有塑料包装的食物)”可以推断，作者通过她的故事想要传达的信息是应该采取行动对抗塑料污染。故选A项。
3．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Our aim now is to keep on going. We love connecting with like-minded people. It’s been amazing few years that was sparked by a conversation about pet sitting. Who would have guessed (我们现在的目标是继续前进。我们喜欢与志同道合的人交流。这是一段由关于宠物寄养的对话引发的精彩几年。谁能想到呢)”可知，作者认为这段经历是非常有意义的。故选D项。
4．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“My husband and I always wanted to go to the Caribbean but didn’t know much about the islands or how we were going to afford it. By chance, a friend of ours in Australia mentioned “pet sitting” and that it is something you can do all over the world. (我和丈夫一直想去加勒比海，但我们对这些岛屿知之甚少，也不知道怎么负担得起这次旅行。碰巧，我们在澳大利亚的一个朋友提到了“宠物寄养”，并且说这是可以在世界各地做的事情”)”、第五段“From that point, we used our platform to create awareness and highlight ways to say no to plastic and travel plastic-free. We changed our daily routines, our way of living, and even our diets to accommodate more organic foods and little to no plastic packaging. (从那时起，我们利用我们的平台提高人们的意识，并强调拒绝使用塑料和无塑料旅行的方法。我们改变了日常生活习惯、生活方式，甚至饮食习惯，以适应更多的有机食品和很少或没有塑料包装的食物)”以及最后一段“Our aim now is to keep on going. We love connecting with like-minded people. It’s been amazing few years that was sparked by a conversation about pet sitting. Who would have guessed (我们现在的目标是继续前进。我们喜欢与志同道合的人交流。这是一段由关于宠物寄养的对话引发的精彩几年。谁能想到呢)”可知，文章主要讲述了作者夫妇通过宠物寄养的方式旅行，并在旅行中发现了塑料污染问题，进而利用自己的旅行博客提高人们对塑料污染的认识，并采取行动减少塑料使用的故事。因此，选项C“Unexpected Gains from Pet Sitting Travel.(从宠物寄养旅行中获得的意外收获)”最适合作为文章标题。故选C项。
（23-24高一下·江苏南京·期末）I was sitting in my high school classroom, nervously tapping my pencil against the desk as I awaited the start of the English exam.
As the clock struck, signaling the beginning of the exam, my heart began to race. I opened the exam booklet and scanned the questions, and I felt a wave of panic over me. The questions seemed foreign, and the topics unfamiliar. In a state of panic, I hurriedly wrote down my answers, hoping that somehow, by some stroke of luck, they would be correct. But as the minutes went by, I realized I couldn’t seem to make sense of the questions before me. As the final bell rang, I handed in my paper with a heavy heart.
In the days that followed, I couldn’t shake the feeling of failure that hung over me like a dark cloud. I replayed the exam over and over in my mind, analyzing every question, every answer, searching for clues as to where I had gone wrong.
But in the depression, a realization began to dawn on me I had failed, yes, but I had also learned valuable lessons along the way. Armed with this newfound wisdom, I ensured that I would do better next time. I threw myself into my studies with renewed determination, devouring books and practicing past exams with an eagerness I had never known before.
When the time came to retake the exam, I was ready. I approached each question with confidence and clarity, drawing upon the lessons I had learned from my previous missteps.
When the results were announced, I held my breath as I scanned the list of names. And there it was-my name, shining brightly among the list of successful candidates. At that moment, all the hard work, all the late nights and early mornings, were worth it.
And as I look back on that sunny afternoon in the high school classroom, I am grateful for the lessons it taught me, and the person it helped me become.
1．Why did the author panic when he first took the exam
A．He sat with a pounding heart.
B．He was in a hurry when answering the questions.
C．He was not familiar with the foreign language.
D．He found the questions too difficult.
2．What did the author do after he failed in the exam
A．He attended valuable lessons in school.
B．He retook the exam over and over again.
C．He promised to arm himself with eagerness.
D．He determined to engage himself in learning.
3．Which of the following can replace the underlined word “devouring”
A．Being targeted at B．Being absorbed in
C．Being credited to D．Being responsible for
4．Which of the following statements is the author most likely to agree with according to his valuable lessons
A．What you believe, you can achieve. B．If not us, who If not now, when
C．The best is yet to come. D．Effort and diligence bring luck.
【答案】1．D 2．D 3．B 4．D
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者从一次考试失败的经历中变得坚忍不拔的故事。
1．推理判断题。根据第二段中“I opened the exam booklet and scanned the questions, and I felt a wave of panic over me. The questions seemed foreign, and the topics unfamiliar.”（我打开考试手册，浏览了一下问题，我感到一阵恐慌。这些问题似乎很陌生，话题也很陌生。）可推知，作者第一次参加考试时感到惊慌失措是因为作者发现这些问题太难了。故选D项。
2．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Armed with this newfound wisdom, I ensured that I would do better next time. I threw myself into my studies with renewed determination, devouring books and practicing past exams with an eagerness I had never known before.”（有了这个新发现的智慧，我保证下次我会做得更好。我以全新的决心投入到学习中，全神贯注地阅读书籍，以前所未有的热情复习过去的考试。）可知，考试不及格后，作者决心投身于学习。故选D项。
3．词义猜测题。根据划线单词句中“I threw myself into my studies with renewed determination…practicing past exams with an eagerness I had never known before.”（我以全新的决心投入到学习中……以前所未有的热情复习过去的考试。）可知，此处为作者全神贯注地阅读书籍。故可猜测划线单词devouring为“全神贯注地阅读”，与B项Being absorbed in“全神贯注”意思一致。故选B项。
4．推理判断题。根据第四段“But in the depression, a realization began to dawn on me I had failed, yes, but I had also learned valuable lessons along the way. Armed with this newfound wisdom, I ensured that I would do better next time. I threw myself into my studies with renewed determination, devouring books and practicing past exams with an eagerness I had never known before.”（但在大萧条期间，我开始意识到我失败了，是的，但我也在这条路上学到了宝贵的教训。有了这个新发现的智慧，我保证下次我会做得更好。我以全新的决心投入到学习中，全神贯注地阅读书籍，以前所未有的热情复习过去的考试。）以及倒数第二段中“At that moment, all the hard work, all the late nights and early mornings, were worth it.”（在那一刻，所有的努力工作，所有的熬夜和早起，都是值得的。）可推知，根据作者的宝贵经验，作者最有可能同意的是努力和勤奋会带来好运。故选D项。
（23-24高一下·江苏扬州·阶段练习）Inside the low lighting of Gather East Rock, the smell of coffee beans swirls (打旋) through the air. Art decorates the blue walls, but one painting stands out among the others. The painting’s name is “Mother Divine”, by the artist Sarahi Zacatelco. The mother in question is a green woman, with colorful plants adorning her head and water dripping (滴下) down her neck. In every brushstroke, Zacatelco pays respect to the man who taught her how to paint: her grandfather Agustin.
Born in 1982, Zacatelco learned how to create art from her grandfather in Oaxaca. At the time, her grandfather lived with her while her mother worked. Together, the two spent hours going out to the central square in Juchitán, where she let her senses take over. “You can see the food, you can smell it, you can see the lady selling flowers, and you can see everything.” she recalled excitedly. When she was six years old, her grandfather gave her a piece of paper and watercolors and showed her how to put the colors on it. She hasn’t stopped making art since.
Zacatelco’s grandparents made chess pieces out of rocks and wood to sell. They also made Talaverapottery (陶器) pieces, which Zacatelco described as “a Baroque tradition” that one might see in old colonial (殖民地的) homes. She no longer has any of her grandparent’s Talavera—“the tradition was lost due to being poorly paid and a lot of effort going into each piece.”
In the 1990s, Zacatelco’s mother decided to move her family to give them a better life. She moved her children to Mexico City, then to the Bronx, and then to the Brownsville neighborhood in Eastern Brooklyn. The family moved to Fair Haven, where Zacatelco still lives, in 2001. She called it the perfect place to raise two boys and two girls. Her family did not keep any of her grandfather’s old art before he died. But his artistic spirit did not die with him. Zacatelco carries on his legacy (遗产) today with her art.
1．How is paragraph 1 developed
A．By testing an assumption.
B．By giving a description.
C．By making a comparison.
D．By analyzing a phenomenon.
2．How did Agustin inspire Zacatelco’s artistic spirit at first
A．He instructed her in watercolor painting.
B．He introduced sensory experiences to her.
C．He taught her to make chess pieces out of rocks.
D．He asked her to observe his creation of pottery pieces.
3．Why did Zacatelco’s mother move her family
A．She wanted them to live a better life.
B．She needed to change jobs frequently.
C．She found their house small for them.
D．She wanted to relieve the pain of life.
4．What would be the best title for this text
A．Art: a comfort for imperfect lives
B．Baroque tradition: a dying art form
C．An artist’s first teacher: her grandfather
D．An artist’s life: sources of inspiration
【答案】1．B 2．B 3．A 4．C
【导语】本文是记叙文。Sarahi Zacatelco的艺术人生始于祖父的谆谆教诲，她通过她的艺术作品传承了祖父的艺术精神，表达了对祖父深深的敬意。
1．推理判断题。根据第一段“Inside the low lighting of Gather East Rock, the smell of coffee beans swirls (打旋) through the air. Art decorates the blue walls, but one painting stands out among the others. The painting’s name is “Mother Divine”, by the artist Sarahi Zacatelco. The mother in question is a green woman, with colorful plants adorning her head and water dripping (滴下) down her neck. In every brushstroke, Zacatelco pays respect to the man who taught her how to paint: her grandfather Agustin.(在Gather East Rock昏暗的灯光下，空气中弥漫着咖啡豆的香味。艺术装饰着蓝色的墙壁，但有一幅画在其他画中脱颖而出。这幅画的名字是“Mother Divine”，由艺术家萨拉希·扎卡特科创作。这位母亲是一个绿色的女人，她的头上装饰着五颜六色的植物，水从她的脖子上滴下来。在每一笔中，Zacatelco都在向教她如何绘画的人致敬：她的祖父奥古斯丁)”可知，本段主要围绕对环境和墙上画的描写展开。故选B项。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段“Born in 1982, Zacatelco learned how to create art from her grandfather in Oaxaca. At the time, her grandfather lived with her while her mother worked. Together, the two spent hours going out to the central square in Juchitán, where she let her senses take over. “You can see the food, you can smell it, you can see the lady selling flowers, and you can see everything.” she recalled excitedly.(Zacatelco出生于1982年，在瓦哈卡州从祖父那里学会了如何创作艺术。当时，她的祖父和她住在一起，而她的母亲则在工作。两人一起花了几个小时去Juchitán的中心广场，在那里她让自己的感觉占据了上风。“你可以看到食物，你可以闻到它，你可以看到卖花的女人，你可以看到一切。”她兴奋地回忆道)”可知，最初，Zacatelco的祖父通过带她进行各种不同的感官体验来陶冶她的艺术情操。故选B项。
3．细节理解题。根据最后一段“In the 1990s, Zacatelco’s mother decided to move her family to give them a better life. She moved her children to Mexico City, then to the Bronx, and then to the Brownsville neighborhood in Eastern Brooklyn. The family moved to Fair Haven, where Zacatelco still lives, in 2001. She called it the perfect place to raise two boys and two girls.(在20世纪90年代，Zacatelco的母亲决定搬家，让他们过上更好的生活。她把孩子们搬到了墨西哥城，然后搬到了布朗克斯，然后搬到了东布鲁克林的布朗斯维尔社区。2001年，这家人搬到了费尔海文，萨卡特科仍然住在那里。她说那里是养育两个男孩和两个女孩的完美地方)”可知，为了让她的孩子们过上更好的生活，Zacatelco的妈妈带领她的家人搬家数次。故选A项。
4．主旨大意题。根据第一段的最后一句“In every brushstroke, Zacatelco pays respect to the man who taught her how to paint: her grandfather Agustin.(在每一笔中，Zacatelco都在向教她如何绘画的人致敬：她的祖父奥古斯丁)”，第二段中“Born in 1982, Zacatelco learned how to create art from her grandfather in Oaxaca.(Zacatelco出生于1982年，在瓦哈卡州从祖父那里学会了如何创作艺术)”和“She hasn’t stopped making art since.(从那以后，她就没有停止过艺术创作)”以及最后一段“But his artistic spirit did not die with him. Zacatelco carries on his legacy (遗产) today with her art.(但他的艺术精神并没有随着他的去世而消逝。今天，萨卡特科用她的艺术继承了他的遗产)”可知，本文讲述了 Sarahi Zacatelco的祖父对她的艺术人生产生的重要影响：祖父将她带入艺术的殿堂，她通过自己的艺术作品延续着祖父的艺术精神。所以C项“An artist’s first teacher: her grandfather(艺术家的启蒙老师：她的祖父)”是本文最好的标题。故选C项。
（23-24高一下·江苏宿迁·阶段练习）I was never very neat, while my roommate Kate was extremely organized. Each of her things had its place, but mine always hid somewhere. She even labeled everything. I always looked for everything. Over time, Kate got neater and I got messier (更脏乱的). She would push my dirty clothing over, and I would lay my books on her tidy desk. We both got tired of each other.
War broke out one evening. Kate came into the room. Soon, I heard her screaming, “Take your shoes away! Why under my bed!” Then, I saw my shoes flying at me. I jumped to my feet and started shouting. She shouted back louder.
The room was filled with anger. We could not have stayed together for a single minute but for a phone call. Kate answered it. From her end of the conversation, I could tell right away her grandma was seriously ill. When she hung up, she quickly crawled (爬) under her covers, crying. Obviously, she could not go through that alone. All of a sudden, a warm feeling of sympathy (同情) rose up in my heart.
Slowly, I collected the pencils, took back the books, made my bed, cleaned the socks and the floor, even on her side. I was so buried in my work that I even didn’t notice Kate had sat up. She was watching, her tears dried with her expression of disbelief. Then, she reached out her hands to hold mine. I looked up into her eyes. she smiled at me, “Thanks.”
Kate and I stayed roommates for the rest of the year. We didn’t always agree, but we learned how to live together: giving in, cleaning up and holding on.
1．How is Paragraph 1 mainly developed
A．By explaining causes. B．By describing a process.
C．By showing differences. D．By following time order.
2．What made Kate so angry one evening
A．She couldn’t find her books. B．She saw the author’s shoes beneath her bed.
C．She got the news that her grandma was ill. D．She heard the author shouting loud.
3．The author cleaned the room most probably because_________.
A．she was scareded by Kate’s anger B．she hated herself for being so messy
C．she wanted to show her care D．she was asked by Kate to do so
4．What might be the best title for the story
A．My Friend Kate B．Hard Work Is Rewarding
C．How to Be Organized D．Learning to Be Roommates
【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 4．D
【导语】这是一篇记叙文，本文讲述了作者与室友生活习惯迥异，冲突在所难免．在室友遭遇悲痛之时，作者以实际行动表达自己的同情，从而达成和好．作者从中懂得一个道理：让步、整理房间和坚持是处理室友关系的关键。
1．推理判断题。根据第一段中“I was never very neat, while my roommate Kate was extremely organized. Each of her things had its place, but mine always hid somewhere. She even labeled everything. I always looked for everything. Over time, Kate got neater and I got messier (更脏乱的). She would push my dirty clothing over, and I would lay my books on her tidy desk. We both got tired of each other.(我从来都不太整洁，而我的室友Kate却非常有条理。她的每件东西都有自己的位置，但我的东西总是藏在某个地方。她甚至把每样东西都贴上标签。我总是寻找一切。随着时间的推移，Kate变得更整洁，而我变得更凌乱。她把我的脏衣服推开，我把书放在她整洁的桌子上。我们都厌倦了对方)”可知，第一段主要是通过展现作者和Kate的不同展开叙述的，故选C。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“War broke out one evening. Kate came into the room. Soon, I heard her screaming, ‘Take your shoes away! Why under my bed!’(一天晚上，战争爆发了。Kate走进房间。很快，我听到她尖叫道：‘把你的鞋子拿走！为什么在我床底下！’)”可知，Kate看见作者的鞋子在她床下面，所以非常生气，故选B。
3．推理判断题。根据第三段中“From her end of the conversation, I could tell right away her grandma was seriously ill. When she hung up, she quickly crawled (爬) under her covers, crying. (从她谈话的最后，我马上就能看出她奶奶病得很重。当她挂断电话时，她迅速爬到被子下面哭了起来)”和“All of a sudden, a warm feeling of sympathy (同情) rose up in my heart.(突然，一种温暖的同情之情在我心中升起)”可知，作者整理房间是出于对室友悲伤的同情而表达自己的关切，故选C。
4．主旨大意题。根据文章内容，结合最后一段中“We didn’t always agree, but we learned how to live together: giving in, cleaning up and holding on.(我们并不总是意见一致，但我们学会了如何共同生活：让步，清理和坚持)”可知，文章最后作者表达了自己叙述这个故事的意图：就是懂得了与室友相处的关键，D项“学会做室友”为最佳标题，故选D。
（23-24高一下·江苏扬州·阶段练习）Every day as the sun rises, Ma Hongyi, a 66-year-old farmer, can be seen patrolling (巡逻) Yuncheng Salt Lake with his dog in Yuncheng city, North China’s Shanxi province.
Ma still remembers the day when he first saw two big pink birds wandering through the water. “I had never seen such pretty birds. They were even taller than me, with long wings,” Ma recalls. He was later informed that birds were flamingos, a rare sight in China, which were listed on the International Union for Protection of Nature’s red list of endangered species in 2013. From that day on, Ma started his second career as a volunteer to prevent human beings from interfering with the wildlife. “The birds are attracted by the good environment,” Ma says. “I will do my best to protect the lake so that birds can come here every year.”
Yuncheng Salt Lake covers an area of 132 square kilometers and used to serve as a salt production base. As the country began attaching greater importance to environmental protection, an ecological protection and development center was set up in 2012 to carry out regular ecological protection and restoration of the lake. “The greatest value of the Salt Lake lies in its ecology, which should be properly restored and protected,” says Chu Xianghao, mayor of the city. The lake area hosts 292 types of wild animals, along with 782 plant varieties, some of which are newly recorded species in the country.
After patrolling the lake as volunteer for over four years, Ma was employed by the local government to help with wildlife protection in 2019. “The lake’s ecology is getting better,” Ma says, adding that he looks forward to the arrival of the flamingos every year. “Some of them are my old friends,” he says.
1．Why does Ma patrol Yuncheng Salt Lake every day
A．To admire the scenery around the lake. B．To observe the rare flamingos closely.
C．To volunteer as a keeper of the lake. D．To come across the flamingos again
2．What does the underlined phrase “interfering with” in para 2 probably mean
A．bringing benefits to B．causing problems to
C．breathing life into D．getting rid of
3．What can be inferred about Yuncheng Salt Lake from para 3
A．The protection of its ecology is of great importance.
B．The restoration of it will be carried out soon.
C．It is still used as a salt production base.
D．It’s home to 292 types of endangered wildlife.
4．Which word can best describe Ma
A．Indifferent. B．Generous. C．Responsible. D．Humorous.
【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．C
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了一位66岁的农民马洪义，他在中国山西省运城市运城盐湖的日常巡逻工作，以及他如何成为保护野生动物的志愿者，并见证了运城盐湖生态环境的改善。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Every day as the sun rises, Ma Hongyi, a 66-year-old farmer, can be seen patrolling Yuncheng Salt Lake with his dog in Yuncheng city, North China’s Shanxi province. (每天随着太阳升起，66岁的农民马洪义可以被看到在山西省运城市的运城盐湖巡逻，他和他的狗一起。)”和第二段“Ma still remembers the day when he first saw two big pink birds wandering through the water.(马洪义还记得第一次看到两只粉红色的大鸟在水中漫步的那一天)”及“From that day on, Ma started his second career as a volunteer to prevent human beings from interfering with the wildlife.(从那天起，马洪义开始了他的第二次职业生涯，成为一名志愿者，以防止人类interfering with野生动物)”及可知，马洪义自从那天与火烈鸟不期而遇后就开始作为志愿者自发地保护火烈鸟及其生活环境，由此可知，马洪义每天都在运城盐湖巡逻是因为他自愿担当湖泊的看守人。故选C项。
2．词句猜测题。根据第二段“He was later informed that birds were flamingos, a rare sight in China, which were listed on the International Union for Protection of Nature’s red list of endangered species in 2013. From that day on, Ma started his second career as a volunteer to prevent human beings from interfering with the wildlife.(后来他被告知这些鸟是火烈鸟，在中国很少见，它们在2013年被列入了国际自然保护联盟的濒危物种红色名录。从那天起，马洪义开始了他的第二次职业生涯，成为一名志愿者，以防止人类interfering with野生动物)”可知，马洪义被告知这些鸟是火烈鸟，从那以后，马洪义开始了他作为志愿者的第二职业，防止人类干扰野生动物。因此，“interfering with”这个短语在这里意味着“对……造成问题”。故选B项。
3．推理判断题。根据第三段“As the country began attaching greater importance to environmental protection, an ecological protection and development center was set up in 2012 to carry out regular ecological protection and restoration of the lake. “The greatest value of the Salt Lake lies in its ecology, which should be properly restored and protected,” says Chu Xianghao, mayor of the city. The lake area hosts 292 types of wild animals, along with 782 plant varieties, some of which are newly recorded species in the country.(随着国家开始更加重视环境保护，2012年成立了生态保护与发展中心，定期对湖泊进行生态保护和修复。“盐湖最大的价值在于它的生态，应该得到适当的恢复和保护，”该市市长储向浩说。湖区有292种野生动物和782种植物品种，其中一些是该国新记录的物种)”可知，盐湖地区的生态环境很好，动植物物种丰富，可得出运城盐湖的生态保护非常重要。故选A项。
4．推理判断题。根据第一段“Every day as the sun rises, Ma Hongyi, a 66-year-old farmer, can be seen patrolling (巡逻) Yuncheng Salt Lake with his dog in Yuncheng city, North China’s Shanxi province.(每天太阳升起的时候，在中国北部山西省运城，66岁的农民马洪义就会带着他的狗在运城盐湖巡逻)”和最后一段“After patrolling the lake as volunteer for over four years, Ma was employed by the local government to help with wildlife protection in 2019. (作为志愿者巡逻湖泊四年多后，马洪义在2019年被当地政府雇佣来帮助野生动物保护。)”可知，马洪义作为志愿者巡逻湖泊四年多后，2019年被当地政府雇佣来帮助野生动物保护。从这些描述中，我们可以看出马洪义是一个非常负责任的人。故选C项。
（23-24高一下·江苏盐城·阶段练习）Most people who ran the marathon last month spent days before resting up and days after recovering. But not Jacky Hunt-Broersma. In total, she ran 104 marathons in 104 days. If it’s confirmed by Guinness World Records, that would be a new world record. And she did it all with one leg and a prosthesis (假肢).
“Someone able-bodied had done it previously. I wanted to see if I could do it on a prosthetic leg and see what would happen,” she said. “I thought it would be a great way to inspire others to push their limits because I truly believe that we’re stronger than what we think. And I’ve been so pleasantly surprised that my body’s held up, everything’s held up and I’ve made it to 104.”
She actually did not pick up the sport until after she lost the lower part of her left leg in 2001 to a type of cancer called Ewing sarcoma. Runners using a prosthetic leg can’t use a regular one. They need a running blade (刀锋式跑步义肢). Hunt-Broersma has two, but she was only able to run with one because of the swelling(肿胀) she experienced in her left leg that made it impossible to connect to the other blade. But even with the pain that occurred, she has been able to put up with it and continued.
All together, Hunt-Broersma ran over 4,385 kilometers. During that time she’s had a lot of time to think and has learned a few things about herself. “It’s taught me how strong one can be and how important absolute determination is. If you’re mentally strong, you can do anything,” she said. “And our bodies are just amazing ... This whole journey was impressive and super hard, but it’s told me how strong I can be as a person and how far I can push myself.”
1．Why did Hunt-Broersma decide to run marathons
A．She wanted to set a new record.
B．She was driven by her interest.
C．She was inspired by people like her.
D．She intended to challenge herself.
2．What difficulty did Hunt-Broersma come across
A．She suffered discomfort in her left leg.
B．She didn’t get professional training.
C．She found it hard to keep her balance.
D．She couldn’t use regular running blades.
3．What message does the author convey through the story
A．Rome wasn’t built in a day.
B．Time works wonders.
C．Nothing is impossible to a willing heart.
D．A good beginning is half the battle.
4．What may be the author’s attitude towards Hunt-Broersma
A．Admiring. B．Annoyed. C．Sympathetic. D．Humorous.
【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 4．A
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Jacky Hunt-Broersma虽然由于癌症而左腿截肢，但是借助假肢连续104天跑104场马拉松的励志故事。
1．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Someone able-bodied had done it previously. I wanted to see if I could do it on a prosthetic leg and see what would happen(以前有一个健全的人做过。我想看看我能否戴着义肢做到这一点，看看会发生什么)”可知，先前曾有体格健全的人连续跑马拉松，她想看看自己戴着假肢能不能连续跑马拉松。由此及下文内容可推知，Hunt-Broersma决定跑马拉松是为了挑战自我。故选D。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Hunt-Broersma has two, but she was only able to run with one because of the swelling(肿胀) she experienced in her left leg that made it impossible to connect to the other blade. But even with the pain that occurred, she has been able to put up with it and continued.(亨特-布洛尔斯玛有两个刀锋式跑步义肢，但她只能用一个刀锋式跑步义肢，因为她左腿肿胀，无法连接到另一个刀锋式跑步义肢。但即使发生了痛苦，她也能够忍受并继续下去。)”可知，她跑马拉松遇到的困难是要忍受左腿肿胀带来的不适和痛苦。故选A 。
3．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第三段中的“But even with the pain that occurred, she has been able to put up with it and continued.( 但即使发生了痛苦，她也能够忍受并继续下去。)”和最后一段中的 “‘It’s taught me how strong one can be and how important absolute determination is. If you’re mentally strong, you can do anything,’ she said. “And our bodies are just amazing ... This whole journey was impressive and super hard, but it’s told me how strong I can be as a person and how far I can push myself.’(“它教会了我一个人可以有多坚强，以及绝对的决心有多重要。如果你内心强大，你可以做任何事情，”她说。“我们的身体真是太棒了……整个旅程令人印象深刻，也非常艰难，但它告诉我，作为一个人，我可以有多强大，我可以把自己推到多远。)”可知，Hunt-Broersma克服身体的不适并坚持跑完了马拉松。虽然过程很艰难，但Hunt-Broersma明白了一个人可以有多强大，坚定的决心有多重要以及她自己究竟可以走多远。由此可知，作者通过Hunt-Broersma的故事告诉读者有志者事竟成，面对艰难困苦，只要我们迎难而上，坚持不懈，就能取得成功。故选C。
4．推理判断题。根据第一段可知，上个月跑马拉松的大多数人在赛前休息和赛后恢复上都花了几天时间。但Jacky Hunt-Broersma不是。她在104天内跑了104场马拉松。再结合第二段提到的她勇于挑战自己、第三段提到的她努力克服身体的不适以及最后一段她的感悟可知，作者行文的情感基调是钦佩赞赏的。故选A。
说明文
（23-24高一下·江苏无锡·阶段练习）If you’ve got more than one kid, you’re showing favoritism, whether you know it or not.
“Parents may favor one child over another, for a lot of reasons. The child may have an easy temperament (性情) or might behave particularly well or may look like you,” says Susan Newman, a psychologist. “But regardless of the reason, every child must be made to feel loved and special, in order to fully develop.” Newman warns that favoring one child over their siblings (兄弟姐妹) publicly can have a significantly negative effect.
“The unfavored child can feel defeated, and unmotivated, as a result of working hard to get parental support, with no success,” says Yelena Gidenko, a licensed counselor. “He or she may also suffer from depression and become angry, bitter, or jealous,” she adds Children feeling this way may act out, in an effort to get their parent’s attention, making matters worse. They may also behave inappropriately, becoming the black sheep, which they believe their parents already see. “Unfavored children may have a hard time accepting who they are, since they do not feel accepted by their parents,” adds Gidenko.
Favoritism is not exactly a boon for the favored child, either. Kids who feel that they are their parent’s favorite sometimes translate that into a go pass for their behavior in future relationships. “Favored children may feel a sense of entitlement, and that rules do not apply to them,” says Gidenko. This can negatively affect the way they act in school, at work, and in their friendships.
It may seem absurd, but the opposite can also occur. Favored children may experience anxiety and insecurity, resulting from their favorite child status (身份). “Children are observant. They know when they are getting praise for things they have not earned, such as being your favorite. For this reason, they know, and fear, that these things might be taken away from them at any time, for any reason,” says Gidenko
Newman urges parents to remember that it’s not possible to treat children equally because they are all different. What parents can, and should do is talk to their kids about how, and why, they treat them the way they do. “According to research, parents don’t talk about this. They don’t say why one child gets more time than another. If they do, they are preserving their bond with each child,” says Newman.
1．What can we learn about unfavored children
A．They want to please their parents. B．They care little about their siblings.
C．They tend to lack a sense of identity. D．They hope to be the black sheep of the family.
2．What does the underlined word “boon” in paragraph 4 mean
A．benefit. B．branch. C．chemical. D．challenge.
3．What does Newman suggest parents do in the last paragraph
A．Treat their children equally. B．Strengthen their bond with their children.
C．Explain themselves to their children. D．Remove the differences between their children.
4．What is the text mainly about
A．The solutions to parental favoritism. B．The consequences of parental favoritism.
C．An analysis of why parents play favorites. D．A contrast between favored and unfavored children.
【答案】1．C 2．A 3．C 4．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了父母偏爱孩子所带来的后果，无论是被偏爱的孩子还是不被偏爱的孩子，都可能受到负面影响，文章还提供了一些旨在减少家庭中的摩擦和提高亲子关系建议。
1．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Unfavored children may have a hard time accepting who they are, since they do not feel accepted by their parents(不受宠爱的孩子可能很难接受自己，因为他们感觉不到父母的接受)”可推知，不受宠爱的孩子感觉不到父母的接受，往往会缺乏身份认同感。故选C项。
2．词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“Kids who feel that they are their parent’s favorite sometimes translate that into a go pass for their behavior in future relationships. ‘Favored children may feel a sense of entitlement, and that rules do not apply to them,’ says Gidenko.(觉得自己是父母最疼爱的孩子的孩子，有时会把这种偏爱转化为未来人际关系中的行为通行证。吉登科说：‘受宠爱的孩子可能会觉得自己有优越感，规则不适用于他们。’)”可知，被父母偏爱的孩子有时会觉得这种行为是未来人际关系的通行证，会觉得有优越感，规则不适用于他们，这说明偏爱对孩子来说不一定是一件好事。故划线词意思是“益处”，与A项benefit意思相近。故选A项。
3．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“What parents can, and should do is talk to their kids about how, and why, they treat them the way they do.(父母能够也应该做的是和他们的孩子谈谈他们是如何以及为什么这样对待他们的)”可知，Newman建议父母向孩子解释他们这样做的原因。故选C项。
4．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段“If you’ve got more than one kid, you’re showing favoritism, whether you know it or not.(如果你有一个以上的孩子，无论你是否意识到，你都会表现出偏爱)”可知，文章主要讨论了父母偏爱孩子所带来的后果，无论是被偏爱的孩子还是不被偏爱的孩子，都可能受到负面影响。故B选项“The consequences of parental favoritism(父母偏爱的后果)”最能概括文章主要内容。故选B项。
（21-22高一下·江苏扬州·阶段练习）Not all awards are as honorable as the Nobel Prize, which is world-famous for giving prizes to people who made progress in literature(文学), science, and—perhaps most importantly—peace. Even though most countries have a system for recognizing, honoring and rewarding people who have done something good in their countries, there are now hundreds of awards and awards ceremonies for all kinds of things.
The Oscars are probably the most famous, a time for the film industry to tell itself how good it is. It’s not only films—now there are also Grammies, Brits and the MTV awards for music. The Turner Prize is an award for a British artist—each year it causes controversy by giving lots of money to artists who do things like displaying their beds, putting animals in glass cases or—this year—building a garden shed. People began to wonder whether these works were worth the huge prize!
Awards are not only for the arts. There are now awards for Sports Personality of the Year, for European Footballer of the year and World Footballer of the Year. This seems very strange—sometimes awards can be good to give the honor to people who deserve it, or to help people who don’t make a lot of money carry on their work without worrying about finances, but professional soccer players these days certainly aren’t short of money!
Why have all these awards and ceremonies appeared recently Shakespeare never won a prize, nor did Leonardo da Vinci or Adam Smith or Charles Dickens.
Most awards ceremonies are now sponsored (赞助) by big organizations or companies. This means that it is not only the person who wins the award who benefits—but also the sponsors.
For many people, it seems to be a “win-win” situation, with everyone being happy, but let me ask you a question—how far do you think that publicity (宣传) and marketing are winning here, and how much real honor of achievement is taking place
1．Which of the following award will the author recognize as honorable
A．The Nobel Prize B．The Turner Prize
C．The Oscars D．World Footballer of the Year
2．Which of the follow statements does the writer may agree with
A．Only great people like Shakespeare should be awarded.
B．Not all awards and prizes go to people who deserve it.
C．Awards should be green to people with money problems.
D．Organizations and companies should stay away from awards ceremonies.
3．What does the underlined word “controversy” in paragraph 2 probably mean
A．prizes B．losses C．agreements D．arguments
4．The writer believes the awards should be given to ______.
A．praise the winners B．reward people with unusual talents
C．improve marketing D．honor the real achievements
【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了现在存在很多奖项和颁奖仪式，虽然奖项可以给予人们荣誉或帮助经济困难的人继续工作，但是现在的大部分奖项都是由大型组织或公司赞助的，其真正的荣誉和成就值得思考。
1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Not all awards are as honorable as the Nobel Prize (并非所有的奖项都像诺贝尔奖一样荣耀)”可知，作者认为诺贝尔奖是荣耀的奖项。故选A项。
2．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Why have all these awards and ceremonies appeared recently Shakespeare never won a prize, nor did Leonardo da Vinci or Adam Smith or Charles Dickens. (为什么最近出现了这么多的奖项和颁奖仪式？莎士比亚从未获得过奖项，达芬奇、亚当·斯密或查尔斯·狄更斯也从未获得过。)”和第五段“Most awards ceremonies are now sponsored (赞助) by big organizations or companies. This means that it is not only the person who wins the award who benefits—but also the sponsors. (现在大多数颁奖典礼都是由大型组织或公司赞助的。这意味着受益的不仅是获奖者，还有赞助商。)”可推知，作者认为不是所有的奖项都颁给了应得的人。B选项“Not all awards and prizes go to people who deserve it.(并不是所有的奖项和奖品都给了实至名归的人。)”符合题意。故选B项。
3．词义猜测题。根据画线词所在的句子“The Turner Prize is an award for a British artist—each year it causes…by giving lots of money to artists who do things like displaying their beds, putting animals in glass cases or—this year—building a garden shed. People began to wonder whether these works were worth the huge prize!( 特纳奖是授予一位英国艺术家的奖项，每年都会引起……，因为它会给那些做一些事情的艺术家大量的钱，比如展示他们的床，把动物放在玻璃柜里，或者今年建造一个花园小屋。人们开始怀疑这些作品是否值得获得巨额奖金！)”可知，因为特纳奖会给那些做一些事情的艺术家大量的钱，比如展示他们的床，把动物放在玻璃柜里，或者今年建造一个花园小屋。人们开始怀疑这些作品是否值得获得巨额奖金！由此可知，争划线词与D选项“arguments (争论)”为同义词。故选D项。
4．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“For many people, it seems to be a “win-win” situation, with everyone being happy, but let me ask you a question—how far do you think that publicity (宣传) and marketing are winning here, and how much real honor of achievement is taking place (对许多人来说，这似乎是一个“双赢”的局面，每个人都很高兴，但让我问你一个问题——你认为宣传和营销在这里有多大的作用，又有多少真正的荣誉和成就正在发生？)”可知，作者认为奖项应该被授予真正的成就，而不是宣传和营销。故选D项。
（22-23高一下·江苏扬州·阶段练习）Artificial intelligence (AI) has been increasingly good at fooling people. In March, a series of photos showing former US president Donald Trump being arrested by police caught people’s attention. They were fake but very convincing.
Created by the AI program Midjourney, the photos were highly realistic, from the characters’ movements to the surroundings. However, many details can give away the fact that they are made by AI. As some experts have warned, the main idea is to spot anything that would look strange in a photo.
AI software has a history of generating human hands incorrectly. It sometimes can create hands with more than five fingers. This is because AI isn’t sure what a “hand” exactly is. The data AI uses to learn often show hands and fingers in various gestures, which can be very confusing for AI.
AI-generated images also usually contain details that go against reality. To spot this, focus on items like accessories. For example, people in an image may be missing earrings or one part of their sunglasses. If there’s text in an image, such as a newspaper or poster, it’s usually garbled (篡改), even though the text may look realistic from a distance.
Another thing AI is terrible at handling is the background. If there’s a crowd in the image, people’s faces in the background are usually blurry—or they don’t have faces at all!
The development of AI-generated art also raises alarm bells about how these fake images could be used to spread misinformation. “I think misinformation is going to hit an all-time high,” Jamie Cohen, a digital culture and AI expert in the US, told New York Post. Generating an AI artwork is to “create reality”, Cohen argued, adding that being able to tell whether the work is real or not requires high media literacy skills. “The world may not be ready for how realistic the images have become,” said Shane Kittelson, a US researcher.
1．How could people recognize that a photo is made by AI, according to the experts
A．By analyzing the source of the photo.
B．By learning your friends’ tips from time to time.
C．By finding out the details that look strange in the photo.
D．By going to the scene for themselves.
2．Why does AI generate human hands incorrectly according to the text
A．It hasn’t enough data about human hands.
B．It is unable to recognize human hands.
C．It doesn’t fully understand human hands.
D．The data it uses to learn contain errors.
3．What is AI terrible at handling according to the article
A．Facial expressions. B．Texts and symbols.
C．Items of clothing. D．Background details.
4．What is Jamie Cohen’s attitude towards AI-generated art at present
A．worried B．defensive C．supportive D．indifferent
【答案】1．C 2．C 3．D 4．A
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了人工智能的负面影响，会生成与现实不符的虚假图像，传播错误信息。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段“As some experts have warned, the main idea is to spot anything that would look strange in a photo.(正如一些专家警告的那样，主要目的是发现照片中任何看起来奇怪的东西)”可知，通过找出照片中看起来奇怪的细节能识别出一张照片是由人工智能制作的。故选C项。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“This is because AI isn’t sure what a “hand” exactly is, according to Popular Science. The data AI uses to learn often show hands and fingers in various gestures, which can be very confusing for AI.(据《大众科学》报道，这是因为人工智能不确定“手”到底是什么。人工智能用来学习的数据经常会以各种手势显示手和手指，这可能会让人工智能感到非常困惑。)”可知，人工智能不能完全理解人类的手。故选C项。
3．细节理解题。根据第五段“Another thing AI is terrible at handling is the background.( AI在处理背景方面也很糟糕)”可知，AI在处理背景细节方面也很糟糕。故选D项。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“I think misinformation is going to hit an all-time high,” Jamie Cohen, a digital culture and AI expert in the US, told New York Post. Generating an AI artwork is to “create reality”, Cohen argued, adding that being able to tell whether the work is real or not requires high media literacy skills.( 美国数字文化和人工智能专家Jamie Cohen在接受《纽约邮报》采访时表示：“我认为错误信息将达到历史新高。” Cohen认为，制作一件人工智能艺术品就是“创造现实”，并补充说，要判断作品是否真实，需要很高的媒体素养。)”可知，Jamie Cohen目前对AI生成艺术的态度是担忧的。故选A项。
（22-23高一下·江苏扬州·阶段练习）Nanyin is known as a “living fossil” of music in Chinese history. It dates back to the Han Dynasty (206 BC-220 AD) after people from Zhongyuan, or ancient China’s Central Plains region, brought their music to Quanzhou, Fujian province, which later gradually combined with the local music.
Featuring a slow, gentle and elegant melody, the performance of nanyin is usually given by a group of five musicians. In the middle is the singer, who also plays the wooden clapper (拍板) to keep the beat. Usually, on the left are two musicians playing a bamboo flute called the “dongxiao” and the “erxian” respectively, while on the right are two musicians playing the “pipa” and the “sanxian”.
“The dongxiao is the main instrument when performing,” said Chen Jianxin, an inheritor of nanyin in Quanzhou. According to him, the dongxiao pairs up well with the erxian, while the pipa pairs up with the sanxian. In this perfect match, the audiences are able to appreciate diverse-yet-consistent elements which contribute to a rich, stereo music show.
As for the unique singing style, which is traditionally performed in the southern Fujian dialect, every song tells a story. A lot of the songs are from traditional operas like The Story of the Pipa, a Kunqu Opera that tells the love story between scholar Cai Bojie and his wife Zhao Wuniang. “With so many instrumental tones accompanying the singing, even traditional literature becomes more vivid,” Chen commented.
In 2009, nanyin was listed as an intangible (非物质的) cultural heritage of humanity by UNESCO. To help pass down this heritage, schools in Quanzhou have made nanyin a course in kindergarten and primary school. “Once nanyin is well-inherited, half of Fujian culture can be preserved. We sincerely hope that more teenagers can join us in breathing new life into this traditional culture,” Chen said.
1．What can we learn about nanyin from the text
A．It has a fast and strong rhythm.
B．It combines the music of China’s Central Plains and Quanzhou.
C．It is usually played by six musicians together.
D．It can be traced back to the Qing Dynasty.
2．What is the main instrument used when performing nanyin
A．The sanxian. B．The erxian. C．The dongxiao. D．The pipa.
3．Why is The Story of the Pipa mentioned in paragraph 4
A．To describe the acting forms of nanyin.
B．To show one source of nanyin songs.
C．To stress the inheritance value of nanyin.
D．To explain how Kunqu Opera influenced nanyin.
4．What has been done in Quanzhou to help pass down nanyin
A．Holding nanyin performances regularly in schools.
B．Including nanyin into the school teaching.
C．Promoting nanyin in local communities.
D．Encouraging high school students to learn nanyin.
【答案】1．B 2．C 3．B 4．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了南音这一中国历史上的音乐“活化石”，包括其起源、特点、表演形式、演唱风格以及其在现代社会的传承情况。
1．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Nanyin is known as a “living fossil” of music in Chinese history. It dates back to the Han Dynasty (206 BC-220 AD) after people from Zhongyuan, or ancient China’s Central Plains region, brought their music to Quanzhou, Fujian province, which later gradually combined with the local music.(南音被誉为中国历史上的音乐“活化石”。它起源于汉朝（公元前206年-公元220年），当时中原，即古代中国的中原地区的人们，将他们的音乐带到了福建省泉州市，后来这些音乐逐渐与当地的音乐融合。)”可知，南音融合了中国中原和泉州的音乐。故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段““The dongxiao is the main instrument when performing,” said Chen Jianxin, an inheritor of nanyin in Quanzhou.(“在表演时，洞箫是主要乐器，”泉州南音传承人陈建新说。)”可知，在表演南音的时候主要乐器是洞箫。故选C。
3．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“As for the unique singing style, which is traditionally performed in the southern Fujian dialect, every song tells a story. A lot of the songs are from traditional operas like The Story of the Pipa, a Kunqu Opera that tells the love story between scholar Cai Bojie and his wife Zhao Wuniang.(至于其独特的演唱风格，传统上是用福建南部方言演唱的，每首歌都讲述着一个故事。很多歌曲都源自传统戏曲，如昆曲《琵琶记》，该剧讲述了书生蔡伯喈与其妻子赵五娘之间的爱情故事。)”可知，提到《琵琶记》是为了展示南音歌曲的一个来源。故选B。
4．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“To help pass down this heritage, schools in Quanzhou have made nanyin a course in kindergarten and primary school.(为了帮助传承这一遗第一次月考复习之阅读理解20篇
（各地市月考真题）
应用文
（23-24高一下·江苏无锡·阶段练习）Each US university and college sets its own admission standards and decides which applicants meet those standards. But the steps are the same for each. Here are Some of the major steps you will follow:
Timing
Universities and colleges in the US usually offer two main academic terms: Spring terms run from January to May and fall terms run from mid-August or September to December. While each US university and college will have different dates for applying to programs, application submissions are usually open and accepted 10 months before the program starts.
Application
Each institution has its own application form, and all US universities which accept international students give you the option to apply online. Keep in mind that almost all US institutions have an application fee.
Take admissions tests
Students applying to universities and colleges in the US must take certain examinations (SAT, ACT, GMAT, etc.) that measure achievement. International students must also take a test that measures English language proficiency. These tests are given at test centers around the world. They are “standardized”, so that students take the same test at every test center. Your scores give the admissions office a uniform international standard for measuring your ability in comparison with other students.
Receive acceptance letters
After the application deadline, you will begin receiving letters from your chosen schools. Some universities inform candidates of their acceptance soon after their documents have arrived in the admissions office; this is called “rolling admissions”. Other schools, however, wait several months and inform all candidates at one time.
1．What can we learn about application
A．It has to be submitted in person ahead of time.
B．There is a commonly-used application form.
C．One will be charged for his/her application.
D．It is still available when the program starts.
2．What should a Japanese student do if he/she wants to apply to US colleges
A．Excel in English.
B．Sit the test in US.
C．Volunteer at test centers.
D．Get good grades at home.
3．Which section of a newspaper is this text most likely taken from
A．Culture. B．Campus.
C．Entertainment. D．Life.
（23-24高一下·江苏苏州·阶段练习）The London Eye remains temporarily closed but in line with the Government’s roadmap out of lockdown we plan to reopen from 17th May. You can pre-book now. Further information can be found here.
What to Expect
The London Eye soars 443 feet into the sky and views stretching 25 miles in every direction. Since opening in 2000, it has been used as a backdrop in countless films and is loved by Britons and visitors alike. This is the UK's most popular visitor attraction, visited by over 3.5 million people a year.
Each London Eye capsule holds up to 25 passengers comfortably. All capsules are fully air-conditioned and rotate(旋转) on a special device designed to keep everyone upright as the wheel makes a slow but progressive rotation. The full rotation lasts 30 minutes of an ever changing view of this dynamic city.
Opening Times
■ September to May 10:00 a.m.—8:00 p.m. daily
■ June 10:00 a.m.—9:00 p.m. daily
■ July 10:00 a.m.—9:30 p.m. daily
■ August 10:00 a.m.—8:30 p.m. daily
■ Not open on Christmas Day or during maintenance period.
Ticket Prices
Adult: Child(5—15 years):
January to March ￡15.00 January to March ￡7.50
April to December ￡15.50 April to December ￡7.75
Senior (60 plus): ￡12.00 Child under 5 years: free
Booking line
■ 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. Monday to Sunday
■ Telephone: 0870 5000 600
1．Which of the following does the London Eye ride offer
A．A 30-minute fast rotation. B．A 360°moving view of the city.
C．An insight into its long history. D．A non-chargeable admission.
2．When is the London Eye open in January
A．10:00 a.m.—8:00 p.m. B．10:00 a.m.—9:00 p.m.
C．10:00 a.m.—9:30 p.m. D．10:00 a.m.—8:30 p.m.
3．What's the charge for a young couple with a 5-year-old boy who visit on the reopening day
A．￡38.75. B．￡31. C．￡37.5. D．￡30.
（23-24高一下·江苏扬州·阶段练习）Habitat Restoration Member-Pinnacles National Park
American Conservation Experience (ACE), cooperating with Pinnacles National Park, is seeking one habitat restoration member to contribute to habitat restoration projects alongside National Park Service (NPS) staff.
Start Date: March 6, 2024
Estimated End Date: July 21, 2024
Location Details / Description: Pinnacles National Park in Paicines, Califomia
Position Overview: The ACE members will directly serve within the Division of Research and Resource Management at Pinnacles National Park. The members will serve as part of a crew conducting invasive (入侵的) plant treatment and habitat restoration efforts (80%). Additional duties (<20%) may include projects on other resource-related projects.
Living Allowance (津贴): The ACE member is expected to contribute 40 hours / week and will receive a living allowance of $600/ week to offset (抵消) the costs of food and incidental expenses, distributed every two weeks.
Housing: Housing is the responsibility of the member and not provided by ACE or NPS.
A personal vehicle is highly recommended.
Qualifications:
*Members must be a U. S. citizen or permanent resident.
*Ability to be both self-directed, and be a positive, contributing member of a group.
*A driver’s license.
*Must be able to hike up to ten miles per day carrying equipment weighing up to 40 pounds.
*Must be willing to mix, load, and apply herbicides (除草剂) with the direct guidance of a licensed application.
Preferred:
*Practical knowledge of a wide range of field restoration skills and invasive plant control techniques.
*Bilingual applicants are encouraged and welcome.
1．What is a main responsibility of the ACE members
A．Cleaning the park. B．Restoring habitats.
C．Training NPS staff. D．Conducting projects.
2．How much living allowance can an ACE member receive every month
A．$300. B．$600. C．$1,200. D．$2,400.
3．What requirement must an applicant meet
A．Being able to work on his own.
B．Becoming a licensed applicant.
C．Being able to speak two languages.
D．Hiking at least ten miles per week.
（23-24高一下·江苏南通·阶段练习）A visit to Antarctica is much more than a holiday. Remote and undamaged, any journey there is a unique adventure you’ll find nowhere else on earth.
As you cruise in style aboard Discovery, you will gaze upon majestic, icy peaks, giant icebergs and diverse wildlife that includes whales, seals, penguins and birds. You will sail through glassy bays and have the opportunity, weather permitting, to set foot on Antarctica’s shores and volcanic beaches. On all cruises, you will get as close to nature as you would on smaller ships, while enjoying a higher class of Discovery’s 4-star comforts.
Exciting cruises aboard Discovery
No single supplement on cabinsVoyage to Antarctica
20 Days, departing 16 November 2023
From Lisbon across the Atlantic Ocean to Buenos Aires with stops in exotic settings like Funchal, Rio de Janeiro and Ushuaia
Now from 3575
Antarctica, Chile &Patagonia
18 Days, departing 16 December 2023
From Buenos Aires sail to Antarctica and depart the ship in Santiago
Now from 3145
Note: some sailings might be in reverse, from Santiago to Buenos Aires
Cape to Cape
23 Days, departing 7 February 2023
Leave from Buenos Aires and sail around Cape Horn, visit Antarctica and make your way to Cape Town, South Africa
Now from 2995
What’s included:
●All meals, entertainment and tips on board. Return flights to /from UK. Overseas transfers between airports, hotels and ship. Hotel stays in Buenos Aires and Santiago. Informative lecture programme, Landings ashore and small boat sightseeing.
●PLUS—Save an extra 500 per couple on early bookings before September 2023.
The priority of the cruises is to provide you with opportunities to learn about Antarctica’s fragile ecosystem. Lectures given by Dr. Peter Carey and his team will bring Antarctica to life. They will accompany you on your landings ashore and on small boat field trips （depending on ice and weather conditions）.
1．What activity is included on Discovery cruises
A．Camping on the volcanic beaches.
B．Interacting with seals and penguins if possible.
C．Swimming through the waters filled with icebergs.
D．Setting foot on Antarctica’s shores if the weather allows.
2．Which month’s cruise plan offers the possibility of sailing in the opposite way
A．February. B．December. C．November. D．September.
3．A major focus of Discovery cruises is ______.
A．extending luxury hotel stays
B．small boat sightseeing and landing ashore
C．learning about the environment of Antarctica
D．providing free meals and entertainment on board
记叙文
（23-24高一下·江苏苏州·阶段练习）My husband and I always wanted to go to the Caribbean but didn’t know much about the islands or how we were going to afford it. By chance, a friend of ours in Australia mentioned“ pet sitting” and that it is something you can do all over the world.
We quickly created an account on a pet sitting website and began searching for options. There were only a couple of sits available in that part of the world, but we tried our luck, sent a request, and to our surprise landed a three- month job in Grenada, so our year was going to be taken up with Caribbean pet sits.
Inspired by a Canadian couple, we decided to start our own travel blog. We began by writing about The Virgin Islands, highlighting the beautiful beaches. However, for every photo album of a beautiful beach, there were 10 photos of trash (垃圾). It was hard to ignore the plastic pollution issue, especially on such primitive and remote beaches. So, we began to share photos of the trash we saw and how much we could pick up on our daily dog walks.
The more we looked into plastic pollution, the more we realized the severity of the global plastic pollution. From that point, we used our platform to create awareness and highlight ways to say no to plastic and travel plastic- free. We changed our daily routines, our way of living, and even our diets to accommodate more organic foods and little to no plastic packaging.
It’s been over three years now and we continue to do what we can. This journey has led us to some amazing places, working with great brands and even organizing a country- wide beach clean-up campaign in Grenada.
Our aim now is to keep on going. We love connecting with like- minded people. It’s been amazing few years that was sparked by a conversation about pet sitting. Who would have guessed
1．Why did the author do pet sitting
A．To raise fund. B．To protect the environment.
C．To shoot beautiful beaches. D．To cover travel spending.
2．What does the author intend to convey through her story
A．Action should be taken to fight plastic pollution.
B．The Caribbean is an ideal travel destination.
C．Travel blog is a superb way to gain popularity.
D．Pet sitting is a new type of occupation.
3．How did the author find her experience in the Caribbean
A．Terrible. B．Challenging. C．Adventurous. D．Significant.
4．Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text
A．Changing Lifestyles by Pet Sitting.
B．Dealing with Global Environment Pollution.
C．Unexpected Gains from Pet Sitting Travel.
D．The Availability of Pet Sitting in the Caribbean.
（23-24高一下·江苏南京·期末）I was sitting in my high school classroom, nervously tapping my pencil against the desk as I awaited the start of the English exam.
As the clock struck, signaling the beginning of the exam, my heart began to race. I opened the exam booklet and scanned the questions, and I felt a wave of panic over me. The questions seemed foreign, and the topics unfamiliar. In a state of panic, I hurriedly wrote down my answers, hoping that somehow, by some stroke of luck, they would be correct. But as the minutes went by, I realized I couldn’t seem to make sense of the questions before me. As the final bell rang, I handed in my paper with a heavy heart.
In the days that followed, I couldn’t shake the feeling of failure that hung over me like a dark cloud. I replayed the exam over and over in my mind, analyzing every question, every answer, searching for clues as to where I had gone wrong.
But in the depression, a realization began to dawn on me I had failed, yes, but I had also learned valuable lessons along the way. Armed with this newfound wisdom, I ensured that I would do better next time. I threw myself into my studies with renewed determination, devouring books and practicing past exams with an eagerness I had never known before.
When the time came to retake the exam, I was ready. I approached each question with confidence and clarity, drawing upon the lessons I had learned from my previous missteps.
When the results were announced, I held my breath as I scanned the list of names. And there it was-my name, shining brightly among the list of successful candidates. At that moment, all the hard work, all the late nights and early mornings, were worth it.
And as I look back on that sunny afternoon in the high school classroom, I am grateful for the lessons it taught me, and the person it helped me become.
1．Why did the author panic when he first took the exam
A．He sat with a pounding heart.
B．He was in a hurry when answering the questions.
C．He was not familiar with the foreign language.
D．He found the questions too difficult.
2．What did the author do after he failed in the exam
A．He attended valuable lessons in school.
B．He retook the exam over and over again.
C．He promised to arm himself with eagerness.
D．He determined to engage himself in learning.
3．Which of the following can replace the underlined word “devouring”
A．Being targeted at B．Being absorbed in
C．Being credited to D．Being responsible for
4．Which of the following statements is the author most likely to agree with according to his valuable lessons
A．What you believe, you can achieve. B．If not us, who If not now, when
C．The best is yet to come. D．Effort and diligence bring luck.
（23-24高一下·江苏扬州·阶段练习）Inside the low lighting of Gather East Rock, the smell of coffee beans swirls (打旋) through the air. Art decorates the blue walls, but one painting stands out among the others. The painting’s name is “Mother Divine”, by the artist Sarahi Zacatelco. The mother in question is a green woman, with colorful plants adorning her head and water dripping (滴下) down her neck. In every brushstroke, Zacatelco pays respect to the man who taught her how to paint: her grandfather Agustin.
Born in 1982, Zacatelco learned how to create art from her grandfather in Oaxaca. At the time, her grandfather lived with her while her mother worked. Together, the two spent hours going out to the central square in Juchitán, where she let her senses take over. “You can see the food, you can smell it, you can see the lady selling flowers, and you can see everything.” she recalled excitedly. When she was six years old, her grandfather gave her a piece of paper and watercolors and showed her how to put the colors on it. She hasn’t stopped making art since.
Zacatelco’s grandparents made chess pieces out of rocks and wood to sell. They also made Talaverapottery (陶器) pieces, which Zacatelco described as “a Baroque tradition” that one might see in old colonial (殖民地的) homes. She no longer has any of her grandparent’s Talavera—“the tradition was lost due to being poorly paid and a lot of effort going into each piece.”
In the 1990s, Zacatelco’s mother decided to move her family to give them a better life. She moved her children to Mexico City, then to the Bronx, and then to the Brownsville neighborhood in Eastern Brooklyn. The family moved to Fair Haven, where Zacatelco still lives, in 2001. She called it the perfect place to raise two boys and two girls. Her family did not keep any of her grandfather’s old art before he died. But his artistic spirit did not die with him. Zacatelco carries on his legacy (遗产) today with her art.
1．How is paragraph 1 developed
A．By testing an assumption.
B．By giving a description.
C．By making a comparison.
D．By analyzing a phenomenon.
2．How did Agustin inspire Zacatelco’s artistic spirit at first
A．He instructed her in watercolor painting.
B．He introduced sensory experiences to her.
C．He taught her to make chess pieces out of rocks.
D．He asked her to observe his creation of pottery pieces.
3．Why did Zacatelco’s mother move her family
A．She wanted them to live a better life.
B．She needed to change jobs frequently.
C．She found their house small for them.
D．She wanted to relieve the pain of life.
4．What would be the best title for this text
A．Art: a comfort for imperfect lives
B．Baroque tradition: a dying art form
C．An artist’s first teacher: her grandfather
D．An artist’s life: sources of inspiration
（23-24高一下·江苏宿迁·阶段练习）I was never very neat, while my roommate Kate was extremely organized. Each of her things had its place, but mine always hid somewhere. She even labeled everything. I always looked for everything. Over time, Kate got neater and I got messier (更脏乱的). She would push my dirty clothing over, and I would lay my books on her tidy desk. We both got tired of each other.
War broke out one evening. Kate came into the room. Soon, I heard her screaming, “Take your shoes away! Why under my bed!” Then, I saw my shoes flying at me. I jumped to my feet and started shouting. She shouted back louder.
The room was filled with anger. We could not have stayed together for a single minute but for a phone call. Kate answered it. From her end of the conversation, I could tell right away her grandma was seriously ill. When she hung up, she quickly crawled (爬) under her covers, crying. Obviously, she could not go through that alone. All of a sudden, a warm feeling of sympathy (同情) rose up in my heart.
Slowly, I collected the pencils, took back the books, made my bed, cleaned the socks and the floor, even on her side. I was so buried in my work that I even didn’t notice Kate had sat up. She was watching, her tears dried with her expression of disbelief. Then, she reached out her hands to hold mine. I looked up into her eyes. she smiled at me, “Thanks.”
Kate and I stayed roommates for the rest of the year. We didn’t always agree, but we learned how to live together: giving in, cleaning up and holding on.
1．How is Paragraph 1 mainly developed
A．By explaining causes. B．By describing a process.
C．By showing differences. D．By following time order.
2．What made Kate so angry one evening
A．She couldn’t find her books. B．She saw the author’s shoes beneath her bed.
C．She got the news that her grandma was ill. D．She heard the author shouting loud.
3．The author cleaned the room most probably because_________.
A．she was scareded by Kate’s anger B．she hated herself for being so messy
C．she wanted to show her care D．she was asked by Kate to do so
4．What might be the best title for the story
A．My Friend Kate B．Hard Work Is Rewarding
C．How to Be Organized D．Learning to Be Roommates
（23-24高一下·江苏扬州·阶段练习）Every day as the sun rises, Ma Hongyi, a 66-year-old farmer, can be seen patrolling (巡逻) Yuncheng Salt Lake with his dog in Yuncheng city, North China’s Shanxi province.
Ma still remembers the day when he first saw two big pink birds wandering through the water. “I had never seen such pretty birds. They were even taller than me, with long wings,” Ma recalls. He was later informed that birds were flamingos, a rare sight in China, which were listed on the International Union for Protection of Nature’s red list of endangered species in 2013. From that day on, Ma started his second career as a volunteer to prevent human beings from interfering with the wildlife. “The birds are attracted by the good environment,” Ma says. “I will do my best to protect the lake so that birds can come here every year.”
Yuncheng Salt Lake covers an area of 132 square kilometers and used to serve as a salt production base. As the country began attaching greater importance to environmental protection, an ecological protection and development center was set up in 2012 to carry out regular ecological protection and restoration of the lake. “The greatest value of the Salt Lake lies in its ecology, which should be properly restored and protected,” says Chu Xianghao, mayor of the city. The lake area hosts 292 types of wild animals, along with 782 plant varieties, some of which are newly recorded species in the country.
After patrolling the lake as volunteer for over four years, Ma was employed by the local government to help with wildlife protection in 2019. “The lake’s ecology is getting better,” Ma says, adding that he looks forward to the arrival of the flamingos every year. “Some of them are my old friends,” he says.
1．Why does Ma patrol Yuncheng Salt Lake every day
A．To admire the scenery around the lake. B．To observe the rare flamingos closely.
C．To volunteer as a keeper of the lake. D．To come across the flamingos again
2．What does the underlined phrase “interfering with” in para 2 probably mean
A．bringing benefits to B．causing problems to
C．breathing life into D．getting rid of
3．What can be inferred about Yuncheng Salt Lake from para 3
A．The protection of its ecology is of great importance.
B．The restoration of it will be carried out soon.
C．It is still used as a salt production base.
D．It’s home to 292 types of endangered wildlife.
4．Which word can best describe Ma
A．Indifferent. B．Generous. C．Responsible. D．Humorous.
（23-24高一下·江苏盐城·阶段练习）Most people who ran the marathon last month spent days before resting up and days after recovering. But not Jacky Hunt-Broersma. In total, she ran 104 marathons in 104 days. If it’s confirmed by Guinness World Records, that would be a new world record. And she did it all with one leg and a prosthesis (假肢).
“Someone able-bodied had done it previously. I wanted to see if I could do it on a prosthetic leg and see what would happen,” she said. “I thought it would be a great way to inspire others to push their limits because I truly believe that we’re stronger than what we think. And I’ve been so pleasantly surprised that my body’s held up, everything’s held up and I’ve made it to 104.”
She actually did not pick up the sport until after she lost the lower part of her left leg in 2001 to a type of cancer called Ewing sarcoma. Runners using a prosthetic leg can’t use a regular one. They need a running blade (刀锋式跑步义肢). Hunt-Broersma has two, but she was only able to run with one because of the swelling(肿胀) she experienced in her left leg that made it impossible to connect to the other blade. But even with the pain that occurred, she has been able to put up with it and continued.
All together, Hunt-Broersma ran over 4,385 kilometers. During that time she’s had a lot of time to think and has learned a few things about herself. “It’s taught me how strong one can be and how important absolute determination is. If you’re mentally strong, you can do anything,” she said. “And our bodies are just amazing ... This whole journey was impressive and super hard, but it’s told me how strong I can be as a person and how far I can push myself.”
1．Why did Hunt-Broersma decide to run marathons
A．She wanted to set a new record.
B．She was driven by her interest.
C．She was inspired by people like her.
D．She intended to challenge herself.
2．What difficulty did Hunt-Broersma come across
A．She suffered discomfort in her left leg.
B．She didn’t get professional training.
C．She found it hard to keep her balance.
D．She couldn’t use regular running blades.
3．What message does the author convey through the story
A．Rome wasn’t built in a day.
B．Time works wonders.
C．Nothing is impossible to a willing heart.
D．A good beginning is half the battle.
4．What may be the author’s attitude towards Hunt-Broersma
A．Admiring. B．Annoyed. C．Sympathetic. D．Humorous.
说明文
（23-24高一下·江苏无锡·阶段练习）If you’ve got more than one kid, you’re showing favoritism, whether you know it or not.
“Parents may favor one child over another, for a lot of reasons. The child may have an easy temperament (性情) or might behave particularly well or may look like you,” says Susan Newman, a psychologist. “But regardless of the reason, every child must be made to feel loved and special, in order to fully develop.” Newman warns that favoring one child over their siblings (兄弟姐妹) publicly can have a significantly negative effect.
“The unfavored child can feel defeated, and unmotivated, as a result of working hard to get parental support, with no success,” says Yelena Gidenko, a licensed counselor. “He or she may also suffer from depression and become angry, bitter, or jealous,” she adds Children feeling this way may act out, in an effort to get their parent’s attention, making matters worse. They may also behave inappropriately, becoming the black sheep, which they believe their parents already see. “Unfavored children may have a hard time accepting who they are, since they do not feel accepted by their parents,” adds Gidenko.
Favoritism is not exactly a boon for the favored child, either. Kids who feel that they are their parent’s favorite sometimes translate that into a go pass for their behavior in future relationships. “Favored children may feel a sense of entitlement, and that rules do not apply to them,” says Gidenko. This can negatively affect the way they act in school, at work, and in their friendships.
It may seem absurd, but the opposite can also occur. Favored children may experience anxiety and insecurity, resulting from their favorite child status (身份). “Children are observant. They know when they are getting praise for things they have not earned, such as being your favorite. For this reason, they know, and fear, that these things might be taken away from them at any time, for any reason,” says Gidenko
Newman urges parents to remember that it’s not possible to treat children equally because they are all different. What parents can, and should do is talk to their kids about how, and why, they treat them the way they do. “According to research, parents don’t talk about this. They don’t say why one child gets more time than another. If they do, they are preserving their bond with each child,” says Newman.
1．What can we learn about unfavored children
A．They want to please their parents. B．They care little about their siblings.
C．They tend to lack a sense of identity. D．They hope to be the black sheep of the family.
2．What does the underlined word “boon” in paragraph 4 mean
A．benefit. B．branch. C．chemical. D．challenge.
3．What does Newman suggest parents do in the last paragraph
A．Treat their children equally. B．Strengthen their bond with their children.
C．Explain themselves to their children. D．Remove the differences between their children.
4．What is the text mainly about
A．The solutions to parental favoritism. B．The consequences of parental favoritism.
C．An analysis of why parents play favorites. D．A contrast between favored and unfavored children.
（21-22高一下·江苏扬州·阶段练习）Not all awards are as honorable as the Nobel Prize, which is world-famous for giving prizes to people who made progress in literature(文学), science, and—perhaps most importantly—peace. Even though most countries have a system for recognizing, honoring and rewarding people who have done something good in their countries, there are now hundreds of awards and awards ceremonies for all kinds of things.
The Oscars are probably the most famous, a time for the film industry to tell itself how good it is. It’s not only films—now there are also Grammies, Brits and the MTV awards for music. The Turner Prize is an award for a British artist—each year it causes controversy by giving lots of money to artists who do things like displaying their beds, putting animals in glass cases or—this year—building a garden shed. People began to wonder whether these works were worth the huge prize!
Awards are not only for the arts. There are now awards for Sports Personality of the Year, for European Footballer of the year and World Footballer of the Year. This seems very strange—sometimes awards can be good to give the honor to people who deserve it, or to help people who don’t make a lot of money carry on their work without worrying about finances, but professional soccer players these days certainly aren’t short of money!
Why have all these awards and ceremonies appeared recently Shakespeare never won a prize, nor did Leonardo da Vinci or Adam Smith or Charles Dickens.
Most awards ceremonies are now sponsored (赞助) by big organizations or companies. This means that it is not only the person who wins the award who benefits—but also the sponsors.
For many people, it seems to be a “win-win” situation, with everyone being happy, but let me ask you a question—how far do you think that publicity (宣传) and marketing are winning here, and how much real honor of achievement is taking place
1．Which of the following award will the author recognize as honorable
A．The Nobel Prize B．The Turner Prize
C．The Oscars D．World Footballer of the Year
2．Which of the follow statements does the writer may agree with
A．Only great people like Shakespeare should be awarded.
B．Not all awards and prizes go to people who deserve it.
C．Awards should be green to people with money problems.
D．Organizations and companies should stay away from awards ceremonies.
3．What does the underlined word “controversy” in paragraph 2 probably mean
A．prizes B．losses C．agreements D．arguments
4．The writer believes the awards should be given to ______.
A．praise the winners B．reward people with unusual talents
C．improve marketing D．honor the real achievements
（22-23高一下·江苏扬州·阶段练习）Artificial intelligence (AI) has been increasingly good at fooling people. In March, a series of photos showing former US president Donald Trump being arrested by police caught people’s attention. They were fake but very convincing.
Created by the AI program Midjourney, the photos were highly realistic, from the characters’ movements to the surroundings. However, many details can give away the fact that they are made by AI. As some experts have warned, the main idea is to spot anything that would look strange in a photo.
AI software has a history of generating human hands incorrectly. It sometimes can create hands with more than five fingers. This is because AI isn’t sure what a “hand” exactly is. The data AI uses to learn often show hands and fingers in various gestures, which can be very confusing for AI.
AI-generated images also usually contain details that go against reality. To spot this, focus on items like accessories. For example, people in an image may be missing earrings or one part of their sunglasses. If there’s text in an image, such as a newspaper or poster, it’s usually garbled (篡改), even though the text may look realistic from a distance.
Another thing AI is terrible at handling is the background. If there’s a crowd in the image, people’s faces in the background are usually blurry—or they don’t have faces at all!
The development of AI-generated art also raises alarm bells about how these fake images could be used to spread misinformation. “I think misinformation is going to hit an all-time high,” Jamie Cohen, a digital culture and AI expert in the US, told New York Post. Generating an AI artwork is to “create reality”, Cohen argued, adding that being able to tell whether the work is real or not requires high media literacy skills. “The world may not be ready for how realistic the images have become,” said Shane Kittelson, a US researcher.
1．How could people recognize that a photo is made by AI, according to the experts
A．By analyzing the source of the photo.
B．By learning your friends’ tips from time to time.
C．By finding out the details that look strange in the photo.
D．By going to the scene for themselves.
2．Why does AI generate human hands incorrectly according to the text
A．It hasn’t enough data about human hands.
B．It is unable to recognize human hands.
C．It doesn’t fully understand human hands.
D．The data it uses to learn contain errors.
3．What is AI terrible at handling according to the article
A．Facial expressions. B．Texts and symbols.
C．Items of clothing. D．Background details.
4．What is Jamie Cohen’s attitude towards AI-generated art at present
A．worried B．defensive C．supportive D．indifferent
（22-23高一下·江苏扬州·阶段练习）Nanyin is known as a “living fossil” of music in Chinese history. It dates back to the Han Dynasty (206 BC-220 AD) after people from Zhongyuan, or ancient China’s Central Plains region, brought their music to Quanzhou, Fujian province, which later gradually combined with the local music.
Featuring a slow, gentle and elegant melody, the performance of nanyin is usually given by a group of five musicians. In the middle is the singer, who also plays the wooden clapper (拍板) to keep the beat. Usually, on the left are two musicians playing a bamboo flute called the “dongxiao” and the “erxian” respectively, while on the right are two musicians playing the “pipa” and the “sanxian”.
“The dongxiao is the main instrument when performing,” said Chen Jianxin, an inheritor of nanyin in Quanzhou. According to him, the dongxiao pairs up well with the erxian, while the pipa pairs up with the sanxian. In this perfect match, the audiences are able to appreciate diverse-yet-consistent elements which contribute to a rich, stereo music show.
As for the unique singing style, which is traditionally performed in the southern Fujian dialect, every song tells a story. A lot of the songs are from traditional operas like The Story of the Pipa, a Kunqu Opera that tells the love story between scholar Cai Bojie and his wife Zhao Wuniang. “With so many instrumental tones accompanying the singing, even traditional literature becomes more vivid,” Chen commented.
In 2009, nanyin was listed as an intangible (非物质的) cultural heritage of humanity by UNESCO. To help pass down this heritage, schools in Quanzhou have made nanyin a course in kindergarten and primary school. “Once nanyin is well-inherited, half of Fujian culture can be preserved. We sincerely hope that more teenagers can join us in breathing new life into this traditional culture,” Chen said.
1．What can we learn about nanyin from the text
A．It has a fast and strong rhythm.
B．It combines the music of China’s Central Plains and Quanzhou.
C．It is usually played by six musicians together.
D．It can be traced back to the Qing Dynasty.
2．What is the main instrument used when performing nanyin
A．The sanxian. B．The erxian. C．The dongxiao. D．The pipa.
3．Why is The Story of the Pipa mentioned in paragraph 4
A．To describe the acting forms of nanyin.
B．To show one source of nanyin songs.
C．To stress the inheritance value of nanyin.
D．To explain how Kunqu Opera influenced nanyin.
4．What has been done in Quanzhou to help pass down nanyin
A．Holding nanyin performances regularly in schools.
B．Including nanyin into the school teaching.
C．Promoting nanyin in local communities.
D．Encouraging high school students to learn nanyin.
（22-23高一下·江苏扬州·阶段练习）You can’t always predict a heavy rain or remember your umbrella. But designer Mikhail Belvaev doesn’t think that forgetting to check the weather forecast before heading out should result in you getting wet. That’s why he created Lampbrella, a lamp post with its own rain-sensing umbrella.
The designer says he came up with the idea after watching people get wet on streets in Russia. “Once, I was driving on a central Saint Petersburg street and saw the street lamps lighting up people trying to hide from the rain. I thought it would be appropriate to have a canopy (伞篷) built into a street lamp.” he said.
The Lampbrella is a standard-looking streetlamp fitted with an umbrella canopy. It has a built-in electric motor which can open or close the umbrella on demand. Sensors (传感器) then ensure that the umbrella offers pedestrians shelter whenever it starts raining.
In addition to the rain sensor, there’s also a 360° motion sensor on the fiberglass streetlamp which detects whether anyone is using the Lampbrella. After three minutes of not being used the canopy is closed.
According to the designer, the Lampbrella would move at a relatively low speed, so as not to cause harm to the pedestrians (行人). Besides, it would be grounded to protect from possible lightning strike. Each Lampbrella would offer enough shelter for several people. Being installed (安装) at 2 meters off the ground, it would only be a danger for the tallest of pedestrians.
While there are no plans to take the Lampbrella into production, Belvaev says he recently introduced his creation to one Moscow Department, and insists his creation could be installed on any street where a lot of people walk but there are no canopies to provide shelter.
1．Which of the following shows how the Lampbrella works
A．motor →canopy →sensors.
B．motor →sensors →canopy.
C．canopy →motor →sensors.
D．sensors →motor →canopy.
2．Why did Mikhail Belvaev create Lampbrella
A．To protect people from the rain.
B．To predict a heavy rain.
C．To introduce a lamp post with its own rain- sensing umbrella.
D．To gain profits for himself.
3．What does Paragraph 5 mainly tell us about the Lampbrella
A．Its installation. B．Its moving speed. C．Its safety. D．Its appearance.
4．What can be inferred from the last paragraph
A．The designer will open a company to promote his product.
B．The designer is confident that his creation is practical.
C．The Lampbrella could be put into immediate production.
D．The Lampbrella would be put on show in Moscow.
（23-24高一下·江苏苏州·阶段练习）Mark Temple, a medical molecular (分子的) biologist, used to spend a lot of time in his lab researching new drugs for cancer treatments. He would extract DNA from cells and then add a drug to see where it was binding (结合) along the chemical sequence (序列). Before he introduced the drug, he’d look at DNA combination on a screen to see what might work best for the experiment, but the visual readout of the sequences was often unimaginably large.
So Temple wondered if there was an easier way to detect favorable patterns. “I realized I wanted to hear the sequence,” says Temple, who is also a musician. He started his own system of assigning notes to the different elements of DNA — human DNA is made of four distinct bases, so it was easy to start off with four notes — and made a little tune out of his materials. This trick indeed helped him better spot patterns in the sequences, which allowed him to make better choices about which DNA combinations to use.
Temple isn’t the first person to turn scientific data into sound. In the past 40 years, researchers have gone from exploring this trick as a fun way to spot patterns in their studies to using it as a guide to discovery. And the scientific community has come to realize that there’s some long-term value in this type of work. Temple, who from that first experiment has created his own algorithmic software to turn data into sound, believes the resulting music can be used to improve research and science communication.
So Temple decided to add layers of sound to make the sonification (可听化) into songs. He sees a clear difference between “sonification” and “musification”. Using sound to represent data is scientific, but very different from using creative input to make songs. The musical notes from DNA may be melodic to the human ear, but they don’t sound like a song you’d listen to on the radio. So when he tried to sonify the virus, he added layers of drums and guitar, and had some musician friends add their own music to turn the virus into a full-blown post-rock song.
Temple sees this work as an effective communication tool that will help a general audience understand complex systems in biology. He has performed his songs in public at concert halls in Australia.
1．What is Mark Temple’s purpose in turning DNA data into sound
A．To aid the process of his experiments. B．To develop his creative ability.
C．To make his drug more powerful. D．To help him fight boredom.
2．What can we learn about Temple’s system
A．Its effect remains to be seen. B．It has produced satisfying results.
C．It is too complicated to operate. D．It failed to work as expected.
3．Why did Temple try to make the virus sound like real music when sonifying it
A．To enhance people’s understanding of science.
B．To show his talent in producing music.
C．To get rid of public fear of the virus.
D．To remind people of the role of science in art creation.
4．What does the text mainly talk about
A．Why music can be the best way to present science.
B．How scientists help the public understand science.
C．Why scientists are turning molecules(分子) into music.
D．How music helps scientists conduct their research.
（23-24高一下·江苏苏州·阶段练习）An international team led by scientists at the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST) has recently developed the world's first 3-D artificial eye with capabilities that even outperform those of the human eyes, bringing vision to humanoid robots and new hope to patients with visual damage.
Scientists have spent decades trying to produce the exact copies of the structure and clarity of a biological eye, but vision provided by existing artificial eyes with external wires are still in poor resolution(分辨率) with 2-D flat image sensors. The Electrochemical Eye (EC-Eye) developed at HKUST, however, may actually offer sharper vision than a human eye, with extra functions such as the ability to see things in darkness.
The key feature allowing such breakthroughs is a 3-D artificial retina(视网膜), made of nanowire light sensors which are like the photoreceptor in human retinas. The scientists connected the nanowire light sensors to some liquid-metal wires serving as nerves behind the human-made retina during the experiment, and successfully carried out the visual signal transmission to reflect what the eye sees onto the computer screen. In the future, those nanowire light sensors could be directly connected to the nerves of the visually damaged patients. Apart from that, the artificial retina can receive more light signals and potentially attain a higher image resolution than human retina.
With further adjustment, the EC-Eye can be a self-powered image sensor, so there is no need for external power source, which will be much more user-friendly as compared with the current technology. “The current artificial eyes are still of no match to the human eyes. A new technology is in urgent need, and it gives me a strong motivation to start this unconventional project. In the next step, we plan to further improve the performance of our device. Animal and clinical trials are now being planned. I think if everything is on track, perhaps in five years, the technology will become practical,” said Prof Fan, whose team has spent nine years to complete the current study.
1．What’s the feature of the EC-Eye
A．It provides a clearer vision than human eyes. B．It performs better at night than in the day.
C．It is attached with external wires. D．It uses 2-D flat image sensors.
2．What’s the function of nanowire light sensors
A．To send computer signals. B．To receive visual signals.
C．To serve as nerves behind the retina. D．To connect nerves of patients to the wires.
3．What can we infer about the EC-Eye from Dr Fan’s words
A．It is of no match to human eyes. B．It has been improved by the team.
C．It is different from the previous devices. D．It will be in clinical trials in five years.
4．What can be the best title for the text
A．EC-Eye Will Become Popular in the Near Future
B．Nanowire Light Sensors Help People See in Darkness
C．Scientists Have Developed First Artificial Eye with 3-D Retina
D．3-D Technology Helps to Cure People of Their Eye Diseases
（23-24高一下·江苏南京·阶段练习）Emotions come in many ways: facial expressions, gestures, tone of voice and so on. Susan Goldin-Meadow sums up how people use gestures with speech in her new book, Thinking With Your Hands. It is a masterly tour through a lifetime’s research.
Virtually everyone gestures. Like words, gestures are fixed within cultures and accompany speech as a second channel of information. Test subjects watch a film in which a cat runs but they are told to lie and say it jumps. They do so in words, while their hands make a running motion.
Gesture isn’t sign language. Sign languages have clearly defined words and grammar, and differ geographically just as spoken ones do. Professor Goldin-Meadow spends a lot of time on home sign — systems of signs typically developed by deaf children in hearing families who aren’t exposed to a conventional sign language. Such children are essentially inventing rough but rich languages out of nothing, with features such as fixed word order and grammatical structures much like those in fully qualified languages.
Returning to conventional gesture, the author keeps her focus on child development. Some students who fail at a tricky mathematics problem may gesture to indicate they begin to understand it; they should be taught differently from the ones whose gestures suggest that they are entirely at sea. Children who still use only one word at a time may combine a word and a gesture; this successfully predicts that two-word phrases are just around the corner. And those taught to move their hands about when discussing a moral question from several angles soon start to see the problem from different points of view.
The final section of the book offers practical advice. Teachers are encouraged to use gestures and to observe those their students make. Parents are taught to fill in the word a child misses when they gesture rather than adding information. Those who gesture less are more likely to need early intervention. Doctors can be trained to look out for gestures meaning that patients are thinking something they aren't ready to say.
1．What does the test show in paragraph 2
A．Every country has its own gestures.
B．A lie detection is used in many areas.
C．Cats are well skilled at using gestures.
D．Gestures can reflect human real thoughts.
2．What does the underlined phrase “at sea” mean in paragraph 4
A．at work B．at a loss C．in the analysis D．in deep thought
3．Why should a teacher observe the kids’ gestures in class
A．To predict the final outcome. B．To prevent kids from failure.
C．To see the problems from all sides. D．To conduct the targeted teaching.
4．Where is the text most probably taken from
A．An introduction to a book. B．A guidebook to a language.
C．An essay on the art of gesture. D．A review of sign language.
（23-24高一下·江苏南京·阶段练习）In 2000, a famous evolutionary theorist Stephen Jay Gould said, “There’s been no biological change in humans in 40,000 or 50,000 years. We’ve built everything we call culture and civilization with the same body and brain.” Now, 22 years later, most evolutionary biologists beg to differ. Natural selection is still operating on humans, they say — and they have evidence to back up the claim.
Sarah Tishkoff, an evolutionary biologist at the University of Pennsylvania, cites an example of natural selection still going on today. Some people have a genetic variant (变异) that protects them from malaria, which infects and kills millions of people every day. These people will be more likely to live and pass on that variant to their children.
Scientists have been able to discover many examples of ongoing natural selection thanks to a technology: the ability to sequence (测定序列) the human genome quickly and inexpensively. But not all the tools that uncover such evidence are so high tech. Church records that list births, marriages, and deaths offer a unique window into evolution on a population.
Scott Solomon, an evolutionary biologist at Rice University, dug into this type of data and found that natural selection favors an earlier start to reproduction — in other words, more time to have children. The more children, the more chances are for evolution.
There’s another important actor in this evolutionary play: culture. When people move from one population to another, they take their genes with them, and that changes the genes in both the populations they leave and the ones they join. “That is actually one of the most important systems for modern human evolution,” Scott says. “In the last couple of hundred years, and certainly in the last century, human populations have been mixing like never before.”
1．Why does the author mention genetic variant in paragraph 2
A．To explain a biological phenomenon.
B．To prove an evolutionary theory.
C．To stress the seriousness of malaria.
D．To highlight efforts by scientists.
2．What may contribute to the discovery of ongoing natural selection
A．Rapid genetic changes.
B．Increasing research budget.
C．Birth records from the government.
D．Advancement of technology.
3．What can we infer from Scott Solomon’s study
A．Church records show a trend of early reproduction.
B．Population movement has reached the peak.
C．More children will benefit the whole society.
D．Culture influences evolution greater than technology.
4．What is the main idea of this passage
A．The study on biological change in human evolution deserves conducting.
B．Genetic variants and cultural shifts play crucial roles in human evolution.
C．The mixing human populations significantly decide evolutionary processes.
D．Modern scientific tools revolutionize the study of human evolution.
（23-24高一下·江苏扬州·阶段练习）When Senait Lara, a 28-year-old video producer, was questioned by her friends about her lack of communication in their group chat, the blames were as follows: she only caught up every few days; when she did, it was hardly an interaction — Lara spent time “liking” messages instead of responding with words; and sometimes she would never respond at all. Lara didn’t deny it. She knew she sometimes preferred to completely avoid her phone rather than deal with a large number of requests. Actually, in person, Lara felt comfortable talking with people, but when communication came down to a text message or an email, she wanted to tap out.
While social media and messaging apps keep us more connected to each other, many younger users are finding themselves tired out from receiving constant notices and carrying on conversations that can last all day. The after-effect Delayed responses, forgetting to get back to someone entirely, and a need for frequent phone breaks.
In fact, a 2023 study exploring the effects of information overload and online conversation dynamics (动态) found that “over-exposure to information can suppress the possibility of response by overloading users.”
Smartphones have quickly changed into handheld storage units for our conversations, thoughts, music and everything else. That shift to feeling constantly attached to our phone s as if they were a limb relates to the bumout, says psychologist Emily Balcetis.
As the pressure to be online and always available continues to grow in our society. in-person interactions provide far more real communication than digital ones. From body language to eye contact and all the other social clues that exist in real life that aren’t available in a text message, it’s far easier to be present when you’re face-to-face. As Balcetis notes: “At the end of the day, I think what we’re looking for is not more ways to stay connected, but higher quality ways to be connected.”
1．What dissatisfied Senait Lara’s friends
A．Lara denying her problems.
B．Lara avoiding using her phone.
C．Lara’s preference for digital communication.
D．Lara’s communication style in the group chat.
2．What does paragraph 2 tell us about many young people
A．They are starting to have memory problems.
B．They refuse to put down their smartphones.
C．They are tired of frequent digital contact.
D．They feel more connected to each other.
3．Which of the following best explains “suppress” underlined in paragraph 3
A．Indicate. B．Limit. C．Measure. D．Decide.
4．What does the last paragraph mainly stress
A．The need to take a break from digital devices.
B．The pressure of always being available online.
C．The importance of face-to-face communication.
D．The ability to understand clues behind text messages.
