(共20张PPT)
Unit 3 Conservation
Lesson 1 Period 2
Recall
Extinctions are not (1) u______ circumstances, in which entire (2) s______ are (3) _________. There are (4) v_______ causes for extinctions: (5) v_______ eruption, asteroids colliding the planet from space and the (6) d_______ of the oxygen content of the sea and so on. Scientists (7) __________ universities in the US were looking at how rapidly species were (8) ________ due to natural factors and human activity. It (9) _________ that human activity has negatively (10) a________ all other species, causing the procedure of extinction 1, 000 times faster than normal.
nusual
pecies
aried
olcanic
ecrease
based at
dying out
ffected
wiped out
Fill in the blanks using the correct form of the words and phrases.
turns out
Recall
In fact, we humans would also (11) __________ of dying out if the 6th mass extinction arrives. This time, human activity will (12) __________. In order to avoid it, several actions should be taken right now—including (13) ____________ save (14) e__________ animals, (15) _________ nature reserves to (16) r______ their habitats and using cleaner, more natural sources of energy, such as wind and (17) s____ energy. Wildlife workers began a programme and helped black robins to (18) h____ their eggs—(19) ________ their efforts, the population of them is now spreading. Our world and our lives (20) __________ the balance in nature so much, if we want to survive, then start to protect it.
be at risk
be to blame
taking steps to
ndangered
setting up
estore
olar
atch
thanks to
depend on
Collocations
Use the adjectives and nouns to make meaningful expressions. Then use each expression to make a sentence.
endangered animals
entire species
significant change
natural resources
mass extinction
solar energy
1 In the early 1900s, a demand for coats made from the fur of koalas threatened to destroy the entire species.
2 Endangered animals are species that are at risk of becoming extinct, often because of human activity.
3 Significant changes have taken place in this area in the past few years.
Suggested answers
Collocations
4 They are looking at ways of reducing the waste of natural resources.
5 While the dinosaurs were the most famous victims of this mass extinction, it seems that up to 99 percent of all living things were killed and that 75 percent of all species living on Earth were wiped out at that time.
6 The biggest drawback to solar energy is that it cannot work at night or on cloudy days.
Collocations
Complete the paragraph about extinctions using the correct form of the phrases below.
In the last 500 million years, there have been five mass extinction events on Earth. In the third event, which 1______________ the “Great Dying”, 90% to 96% of all species 2__________. Of course, species died out due to many causes. But nowadays, human activity 3____________ all types of species that we 4 _________ for living. We need to 5____________ to avoid the sixth mass extinction.
die out be known as have affected depend on wipe out
take steps take action set up take care of
Collocations
is known as
died out
has affected
depend on
take action
We should 6 ___________ to save endangered animals and plants, and 7________ special areas to 8 _____________ them before the next extinction comes that may 9 __________ the entire species.
die out be known as have affected depend on wipe out
take steps take action set up take care of
Collocations
take steps
set up
take care of
wipe out
Observing
Read the sentences and discuss which word(s) the clauses (in italics) refer to.
1 Extinctions, where entire species are wiped out, are not unusual in our Earth’s history.
2 These include the third mass extinction, known as the “Great Dying”, which killed 90% to 96% of all species.
3 A 2015 study by scientists who were based at Brown University and Duke University in the US, looked at how quickly species die out due to natural causes …
4 If a sixth mass extinction occurs, scientists who have studied the issue
believe that up to three quarters of all species on Earth could die out.
5 We need to take steps to save endangered species, including setting up
special areas where plants and animals can be protected.
Which of the clauses above:
(1) give information to identify the persons/objects. (___________________)
(2) give extra information about a person or a thing, which can be left out. (________________________)
defining clause
non-defining clause
Observing
Summary
定
语
从
句
的
引
导
词
关系
代词
关系
副词
指人
who (主语、宾语), whom (宾语)，
that (主语、宾语), whose (定语)
指物
that (主语、宾语), which (主语、宾语)
whose (定语)
where (地点状语)
when (时间状语)
why (原因状语)
Relative Clauses
限制性定语从句(defining)
是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语， 如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从句和主句关系十分密切， 写时不用逗号分开。
I was the only person who was invited in my office.
The man who came here yesterday has come again.
非限制性定语从句(non-defining)
和主句关系不很密切，只是对先行词作些附加说明， 如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从句， 写时往往逗号分开。
Jenny, with whom I played table tennis
yesterday, lives in my next room.
That is Mr. Wang, whose daughter teaches English at a middle school.
注意：引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词不可用that，指人时用who(主语)， whom(宾语)，指物时须用which。
Summary
Practice
Underline the relative clauses in the sentences and decide if they are defining (D) or non-defining (ND). Translate them into Chinese.
( ) 1 He went to a city where iron was produced in huge quantities.
( ) 2 The bus which was full of tourists stopped near the Leaning Tower
of Pisa.
( ) 3 Melissa lent me some money, which was very generous of her.
( ) 4 The ground is covered with snow and ice, which makes driving very
dangerous.
( ) 5 I met the famous professor in the hotel, where the meeting was held.
ND
ND
ND
D
D
1 He went to a city where iron was produced in huge quantities.
他去了一个盛产铁的城市。
2 The bus which was full of tourists stopped near the Leaning Tower of Pisa.
满载游客的公共汽车停在比萨斜塔附近。
3 Melissa lent me some money, which was very generous of her.
梅利莎借给我一些钱，这说明她非常慷慨。
Practice
4 The ground is covered with snow and ice, which makes driving
very dangerous.
地面上覆盖着冰雪，这使得驾驶非常危险。
5 I met the famous professor in the hotel, where the meeting was held.
我在开会的饭店里遇见了那位著名的教授。
Practice
Use proper relative pronouns/adverbs to complete the following sentences.
1 The library ________ students often study was on fire last night.
2 The library, _______ was built in the 1930s, needs repairing.
3 The library ________ you visited yesterday was built in 1990.
4 The woman, ________ husband had recently travelled to Wuhan, was tested positive for the infection.
5 This is the room, _______ door was broken yesterday.
where
which
which
whose
whose
Practice
6 We will never forget the day _______ the people were prevented from leaving and entering Wuhan, the central Chinese city, ______ the novel coronavirus first emerged last month.
7 The specialists and medical workers are making all their efforts to find out the reasons ________ NCP (新冠肺炎) broke out.
8 There were also popular videos on different social media platforms, _______ people are showing their daily exercise routine.
where
why
where
when
Practice
Discuss
Group Work
Choose two or three environmental
problems that are caused by human
activity. Offer solutions. Try to use
relative clauses where appropriate.
Assignment
Write down your group discussion by using appropriate relative clauses and newly-learnt expressions. Share your writing online.
Goodbye!(共24张PPT)
UNIT 3 LESSON 2
单词课件
packet
英/'p k t/
释义：
[n.]小包，小盒
例句：
A packet of photographs arrived with the mail.
一包照片邮寄来了。
set out
释义：
开始做某事，着手进行
例句：
He has achieved what he set out to do three years ago.
他已经完成了3年前开始努力做的事情。
packaging
英/'p k d /
释义：
[n.]包装盒（瓶、袋），包装材料
例句：
Attractive packaging can help to sell products.
精美的包装有助于产品的销售。
coconut
英/'k k n t/
释义：
[n.]椰子
例句：
The coconut palm is a native of Malaysia.
这棵椰子树是马来西亚的土生植物。
consumer
英/k n'sju m /
释义：
[n.]消费者
例句：
We are living in a consumer culture.
我们生活在一种消费文化之中。
wasteful
英/'we stf l/
释义：
[adj.]浪费的；挥霍的
例句：
This practice is frowned upon as being wasteful.
这种做法被认为是浪费而不被赞成。
wrap
英/r p/
释义：
[vt.]包，裹
例句：
Diana is taking the opportunity to wrap up the family presents.
戴安娜正在利用这个机会包装给家人的礼物。
shell
英/ el/
释义：
[n.]壳；贝壳
例句：
The shell is smooth on the inside.
贝壳内壁光滑。
transportation
英/,tr nsp 'te n/
释义：
[n.]交通运输系统，运输方式
例句：
The company will provide transportation.
这家公司将提供交通工具。
dirt
英/d t/
释义：
[n.]灰尘，尘土
例句：
I started to scrub off the dirt.
我开始擦除灰尘。
swallow
英/'sw l /
释义：
[vi., vt.]吞下，咽下
例句：
You are asked to swallow a capsule containing vitamin B.
你被要求吞下一颗含维生素B的胶囊。
realistic
英/r 'l st k/
释义：
[adj.]现实的，实际的
例句：
I can commend it to him as a realistic course of action.
我可以把它作为一套现实的行动方案推荐给他。
innovative
英/' n v t v/
释义：
[adj.]新颖的，创新的，革新的
例句：
For assistance, they turned to one of the city's most innovative museums.
为了寻求帮助，他们求助于该市最具创新精神的博物馆中的一座。
refillable
英/,ri 'f l bl/
释义：
[adj.]可再填充的
例句：
Use a safe refillable container and fill your own bottles right from your tap.
使用一个安全的可再灌的容器，直接从你的水龙头里灌满你自己的瓶子。
aware
英/ 'we /
释义：
[adj.]意识到的，明白的
例句：
She is aware of her own failings.
她了解自己的弱点。
collection
英/k 'lek n/
释义：
[n.]收集；收藏品；专辑
例句：
The art collection was his life's work.
收集艺术品是他一生的工作。
bin
英/b n/
释义：
[n.]垃圾箱
例句：
I kicked a rubbish bin very hard and broke my toe.
我狠狠踢一个垃圾桶，踢破了脚趾头。
anxious
英/' k s/
释义：
[adj.]焦虑的，不安的
例句：
He was anxious to preserve his reputation.
他急于维护自己的名声。
reusable
英/,ri 'ju z bl/
释义：
[adj.]可再使用的，可重复使用的
例句：
The ability to separate out reusable elements from other waste is crucial.
将可再次利用的成分从其他废料中分离出来的能力至关重要。
carton
英/'kɑ tn/
释义：
[n.]硬纸盒；塑料盒
例句：
A carton of milk lay on its side.
一盒牛奶侧躺着放在那里。
cutlery
英/ k tl ri/
释义：
[n.]餐具
例句：
Each piece of cutlery is handcrafted and has its own character.
每一件餐具都是手工制作，各具特色。
chopsticks
英/'t pst ks/
释义：
[n.]筷子
例句：
These chopsticks are beautiful!
这些筷子真漂亮！
council
英/'ka ns l/
释义：
[n.]委员会；理事会
例句：
The Council answered those questions in the negative.
理事会对那些问题做出了否定回答。(共16张PPT)
UNIT 3 LESSON 3
单词课件
destruction
英/d 'str k n/
释义：
[n.]破坏，毁坏
例句：
It is vital that we act to stop the destruction of the rainforests.
至关紧要的是，我们应当采取行动制止破坏雨林。
stuck
英/st k/
释义：
[adj.]卡住的，无法移动的
例句：
This drawer keeps getting stuck.
这个抽屉动不动就卡住。
jam
英/d m/
释义：
[n.]拥挤，堵塞；果酱
例句：
The bus was delayed in a five-mile jam.
公共汽车因长达五英里的交通堵塞而延误。
traffic jam
英/ tr f k d m/
释义：
交通堵塞
例句：
We were stuck in a traffic jam.
我们遇上了交通阻塞。
annoyed
英/ 'n d/
释义：
[adj.]烦恼的，生气的
例句：
I was annoyed that they hadn't turned up.
我恼怒的是他们没有露面。
stressed out
释义：
焦虑的
例句：
I can't imagine sitting in traffic, getting stressed out.
我不能想像坐车被堵在路上，变得越来越焦虑不安。
roadworks
英/'r dw ks/
释义：
[n.]道路施工
例句：
Roadworks are causing bottlenecks in the city centre.
道路施工导致市中心交通阻塞。
anger
英/' ɡ /
释义：
[n.]愤怒；怒气
例句：
She masked her anger with a smile.
她用微笑来掩饰她的愤怒。
decade
英/'deke d/
释义：
[n.]十年，十年期
例句：
Women have become more assertive in the past decade.
妇女在过去十年已变得更坚定自信。
gas
英/ɡ s/
释义：
[n.]气，气体
例句：
This gas is highly poisonous.
这种气体有剧毒。
cancer
英/'k ns /
释义：
[n.]癌症
例句：
He has terminal lung cancer.
他患有晚期肺癌。
relate
英/r 'le t/
释义：
[vi.]相联系，有关联
例句：
Trainees should be invited to relate new ideas to their past experiences.
应该要求实习生把新想法与他们的以往经历相联系。
be related to
释义：
与……有关联
例句：
In the future, pay increases will be related to productivity.
以后，工资的增加将和业绩挂钩。
regular
英/'reɡj l /
释义：
[adj.]定期的，有规律的
例句：
Do you take regular exercise
你经常锻炼吗？
suit
英/sju t/
释义：
[vt.]适合 [n.]套装
例句：
He put on his second best suit.
他穿上了他第二好的西服。(共13张PPT)
UNIT 3
READING CLUB
单词课件
committee
英/k 'm ti/
释义：
[n.]委员会
例句：
The committee meets on Fridays.
委员会每周五开会。
temple
英/'temp l/
释义：
[n.]庙宇，寺院
例句：
We go to temple on Saturdays.
我们每个星期六去寺庙。
Confucius
英/k n'fju s/
释义：
孔子
例句：
As Confucius grew up he wanted to learn things.
随着孔子长大，他想学习一些东西。
memorial
英/m 'm ri l/
释义：
[n.]纪念馆；纪念碑 [adj.]（对逝者）纪念的，追悼的
例句：
The town raised a memorial to those killed in the war.
这座小镇为战争中牺牲的人树立了一座纪念碑。
carve
英/kɑ v/
释义：
[vt.]雕，刻
例句：
They began to carve separate letters.
他们开始雕刻独立的字母。
valley
英/'v li/
释义：
[n.]谷，山谷
例句：
The river flooded the valley.
河水泛滥淹没了河谷。
scenic
英/'si n k/
释义：
[adj.]景色优美的
例句：
I pulled off the road at a scenic overlook.
在一个可以眺望优美风景的地方，我将车停在了路旁。
historic
英/h 'st r k/
释义：
[adj.]古老的；历史上重要的
例句：
We should take more care of our historic buildings.
我们应该更加爱护有历史意义的建筑。
thunderstorm
英/'θ nd st m/
释义：
[n.]雷暴
例句：
She got caught in a thunderstorm.
她遇上了雷雨。
typhoon
英/,ta 'fu n/
释义：
[n.]台风
例句：
The typhoon left chaos behind it.
台风后一片混乱。
agricultural
英/, ɡr 'k lt r l/
释义：
[adj.]农业的
例句：
Rivers are a blessing for an agricultural country.
河流是农业国的福祉。
Atlantic
英/ t'l nt k/
释义：
[adj.]大西洋的
例句：
Another low is moving in from the Atlantic.
另一个低气压区正从大西洋逼近。(共20张PPT)
UNIT 3 TOPIC TALK
单词课件
conservation
英/,k ns 've n/
释义：
[n.]保护
例句：
The district is under consideration for designation as a conservation area.
正在考虑将这个地区指定为保护区。
destroy
英/d 'str /
释义：
[vt.]破坏；毁掉
例句：
Any reform will destroy and pervert our constitution.
任何改革都将破坏、败坏我们的宪法。
plastic
英/'pl st k/
释义：
[adj.]塑料制的
例句：
He makes plastic reusable moulds.
他制作可再次使用的塑料模子。
mining
英/'ma n /
释义：
[n.]采矿业
例句：
Mining would pollute the lake and denude the forest.
采矿将会污染湖水并伐光森林。
item
英/'a t m/
释义：
[n.]一项，一条
例句：
What's the next item on the agenda
议程的下一项是什么？
recycle
英/,ri 'sa k l/
释义：
[vi., vt.]再利用，回收利用
例句：
The objective would be to recycle 98 percent of domestic waste.
该目标是循环使用98%的生活垃圾。
unrecyclable
英/, nri 'sa kl b l/
释义：
[adj.]不可回收的
例句：
Can we stop using the unrecyclable style of lunch boxes
我们能否停止使用不可回收的快餐盒？
informative
英/ n'f m t v/
释义：
[adj.]有教育意义的；知识性强的
例句：
The talk was both informative and entertaining.
这次谈话既长见识又饶有趣味。
threat
英/θret/
释义：
[n.]威胁；（灾难等坏事）发生的可能
例句：
Inflation is a constant threat.
通货膨胀是一种持续的威胁。
switch
英/sw t /
释义：
[vi., vt.]转换，改变
例句：
When did you switch jobs
你们什么时候调动工作的？
have a role
释义：
起某种作用
例句：
Workers should have a role in management.
工人们在管理中应该发挥作用。
do one's part
释义：
尽自己的职责
例句：
I'm also going to do my part in protecting giant pandas.
我也将为保护大熊猫出一份力。
rhino
英/'ra n /
释义：
[n.]犀牛
例句：
A rhino is bigger than a hippo.
犀牛比河马要大。
illegally
英/ 'li ɡ li/
释义：
[adv.]非法地，违法地
例句：
He entered the country illegally.
他通过非法途径进入了这个国家。
hunt
英/h nt/
释义：
[vi., vt.]猎取，猎杀
例句：
They sleep by day and hunt by night.
他们白天睡觉，夜晚捕猎。
horn
英/h n/
释义：
[n.]（牛、羊等头上的）角
例句：
A rhino is a big animal and has a horn on its head.
犀牛是一种大动物，头上有一个角。
extinct
英/ k'st kt/
释义：
[adj.]灭绝的，绝种的
例句：
There's always some guesswork when studying extinct animals.
在研究灭绝的动物时，总要做一些猜测。
incredibly
英/ n'kred bli/
释义：
[adv.]非常地，极端地
例句：
It was incredibly hard work.
那是个非常艰辛的工作。
urgent
英/' d nt/
释义：
[adj.]紧急的，急迫的
例句：
His voice was low and urgent.
他的声音低沉而急切。(共16张PPT)
UNIT 3 WRITING WORKSHOP
essay
英/'ese /
释义：
[n.]论说文；散文
例句：
Your essay needs a structure.
你这篇文章组织不好。
organic
英/ 'ɡ n k/
释义：
[adj.]不使用化肥的，有机的，绿色的
例句：
Organic farming is expanding everywhere.
有机农业在各处发展。
involve
英/ n'v lv/
释义：
[vt.]包含，需要
例句：
There is much uncertainty about what it will involve.
它将涉及的内容具有很多不确定性。
institute
英/' nst tju t/
释义：
[n.]机构；研究院
例句：
There is a middle school attached to the institute.
这个学院附设一所中学。
poultry
英/'p ltri/
释义：
[n.]家禽肉，家禽
例句：
Poultry juices should run clear.
家禽果汁应明确分开烹调。
billion
英/'b lj n/
释义：
[n.]十亿
例句：
The company posted a $1.1 billion loss.
这家公司公布了11亿元的亏损。
opponent
英/ 'p n nt/
释义：
[n.]反对者；对手，敌手
例句：
He felled his opponent with a single blow.
他一拳击倒了对手。
cruel
英/'kru l/
释义：
[adj.]残忍的
例句：
Her eyes were cruel and hard.
她目光冷酷。
instance
英/' nst ns/
释义：
[n.]例子，实例
例句：
Can you quote me an instance of when this happened
你能否给我举例说明一下发生这事的情况？
for instance
释义：
例如
例句：
With major life traumas, like losing a loved one, for instance, the mind's first reaction is denial.
面对人生的重大创痛，例如失去深爱的人，心理的第一反应就是拒绝接受。
claim
英/kle m/
释义：
[vt.]声称；断言；主张 [n.]声称；（根据权力而提出的）要求
例句：
Critics claim the trucks are unsafe.
批评者声称这些卡车很危险。
chemical
英/ kem k l/
释义：
[n.]化学品 [adj.]化学的
例句：
This chemical has a wide range of industrial uses.
这种化学制品在工业上用途广泛。
drug
英/dr ɡ/
释义：
[n.]药物，药材；毒品
例句：
The new drug is a potential lifesaver.
这种新药有可能成为一种救命药。
sum
英/s m/
释义：
[vt.]概括，总结 [n.]金额，款项；总数
例句：
Can I just sum up what we've agreed so far
我可否就我们目前已经达成的共识作个概括？
sum up
释义：
概括，总结
例句：
Which Chinese character would you choose to sum up the past year
你会选择哪个汉字来总结过去的一年？
