(共8张PPT)
Unit 2 I'll help to clean up
the city parks
第三课时 Section A（Grammar Focus-4c）
语法精讲
一、动词不定式的用法
二、动词短语
语法精练
Ⅰ.根据句意，用所给词的适当形式填空。
1. He tried his best （win） the match.
2. When you leave，please turn off the lights （save） energy.
3. It's necessary for us （talk） to our parents when we have problems.
4. My friend invited me （join） the art club，and I accepted it with
pleasure.
5. It is a good way （help） people in need.
6. I'm sorry （tell） you that you failed the test again.
7. I would like （stay） here for another week.
8. The teacher asked us （not run） in the hallways.
to win
to save
to talk
to join
to help
to tell
to stay
not to run
Ⅰ
Ⅱ
Ⅱ.根据中文意思，补全英语译文。（每空限填一词，缩写算一词）
9. 收到老同学的来信，吉姆很高兴。
Jim was very glad to his old classmates.
10. 你可以打电话给你的朋友征求意见。
You can your friends for some advice.
11. 他们已经想不出任何办法了。
They have of any ideas.
12. 他病了，所以没参加这次野餐。
He was ill，so he didn't the picnic.
13. 我们必须张贴一张通知，以便大家都知晓此事。
We must a notice so that everyone knows it.
hear
from
call
up
run
out
take
part
in
put
up
Ⅰ
Ⅱ
14. 不要轻易放弃得来不易的机会。
Don't your hard-worn chance easily.
15. 不要担心我，我可以照顾我自己。
Don't me.I can myself.
give
up
worry
about
take
care
of
Ⅰ
Ⅱ(共29张PPT)
Unit 2 I'll help clean up the city parks.
第三课时 Section A (Grammar Focus-4c)
I’d like to help homeless people.
She decided to try out for a volunteer after-school reading program.
You could ask hospitals to let you visit the kids and cheer them up.
Grammar Focus
Mario believes it can help him to get his future dream job.
She volunteers there once a week to help kids lean to read.
I’m making some signs to put up around the school.
could 是情态动词can的过去式，但常用来表示委婉的语气，此时与过去式无关，语气比can 更委婉。可以用来表示建议或劝告，意为“可以；不妨”。
could for suggestions
Grammar
---I need to get some money to pay for summer
camp. What should I do
--- I think maybe you could get a part- time job.
--- Could you let me have your passport
--- Yes, here it is.
The girl could visit the sick kids in the hospital to
cheer them up.
The boy could give out food at the food bank.
The girl could volunteer in an after-school study
program to teach kids.
The boy could help to clean up the city parks.
could表示“能力”或“可能性”，作为can的过去形式。
如：
Could you speak English then
那时你能讲英语吗？
短语动词 Phrasal verbs
Grammar
短语动词是指英语中有些动词和其他词类一起连用，构成一个固定词组，可看成一个整体，相当于一个单独的动词，这种组合称之为短语动词。
★动词+ 介词
此类短语动词可以用作及物动词, 后面必须接宾语。
Look at the blackboard, please!
请看黑板！
此类短语动词还有listen to, depend on / upon, look for, deal with, look after, take after, wait for等。
短语动词的构成基本有下列几种:
★动词+ 副词
此类短语动词既可以用作及物动词，也可以用作不及物动词。
I get up very early every morning.
我每天早晨都很早起床。
Can you work out this problem
你能做出这道题吗？
注意:
当此类短语动词用作及物动词时，如果宾语是名词，可以将其放在短语的后面，也可以放在动词和副词之间；如果宾语是代词，则必须将其放在动词和副词之间。
He put on his clothes quickly.
= He put his clothes on quickly.
他快速地穿上了衣服。
Please wake me up at five tomorrow morning.
请明天早晨五点钟叫醒我。
此类短语动词还有：
clean up, cheer up, give out, eat up, fix up, give up, give away, hand out, help out, put off, put up, take off等。
★动词+ 副词+ 介词
此类短语动词可以用作及物动词。
We’re running out of water.
我们的水快用光了。
此类短语动词还有come up with, do well in,
look forward to, look down upon, look out of, put up with等。
★动词+名词+介词
此类短语动词的意义取决于名词，而不是动词，修饰时不用副词而用形容词。
We should take good care of our parents.
我们应该好好照顾我们的父母。
此类短语动词还有make use of, take pride in, make friends with, pay attention to等。
动词不定式
Infinitive
Grammar
当我们要表示“想做某事、需要做某事或决定做某事”时，就会出现两个动词连用的情况，这时应如何表达呢？
同学们自然会想到 want to do sth., need to do sth.和 decide to do sth. 等表达方式。
为了避免句子“头重脚轻”，往往用it 代替不定式作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式。
【作主语】：一般位于句首，谓语动词用单数形式。
例：保持健康很重要。
It’s very important to keep healthy.
【作宾语】：主语+谓语 + to do
不定式常出现在一些及物动词后，构成动词短语。
如want to, plan to, agree to, learn to, decide to 等。
另一种是“及物动词+疑问词+带to的不定式”。
例：他告诉我如何去那里。
He told me how to go there.
【作宾语补足语】
动词不定式作宾语补足语，表示宾语所做的动作常，接不定式作宾语补足语的词有tell, ask, want, teach, allow,promise, order, advise, expect, wish, invite, encourage 等。
例：爸爸承诺我这个周末带我去游乐场。
Dad promised me to the fun park this weekend.
但在let, make, see, watch, hear, feel, notice, have等感官听觉动词或使役动词后面作宾语补足语的动词, 其不定式一般要省略动词不定式符号“to”，help后的不定式可省略to，也可以带上to。
eg：Lily经常帮助我学习数学。
Lily often helps me (to) learn math.
一感(feel)二听(listen to, hear)
三让(let, make, have )四看(look at, see, watch, notice)，半帮助(help) (即在动词 help 后面作宾语补足语时，to可有可无)”。
【作表语】
一、主语是不定式(表条件)；表语也是不定式(表结果)
例：工作意味着谋生。
To work means to earn a living．
二、动词不定式做表语常用于以下结构: Someone’s job/
dream/goal/aim is…
例：她的梦想是在将来成为一名医生。
Her dream is to be a doctor in the future.
【作定语】：不定式作定语应放于被修饰词之后。
例：他决定现在回家。He decides to go home now.
【作目的状语】
动词不定式可表示某一动作或状态的目的，
位于句首或句尾。
例：她提高了她的声音，以便听得更好。
She raised her voice to be heard better．
他停下来休息。
He stopped to have a rest.
【作结果状语】 动词不定式表示某种结果，
例：他已经足够大可以去上学了。
He is old enough to go to school.
他醒来发现大家都走了
He woke up to find everybody gone.
Fill in the blanks with the phrasal verbs in the box.
1. I want to ____________ my plan to work in an animal hospital until next summer. I’m too busy with my studies this year.
2. She hopes to _______ at least five primary schools to ask if they need volunteers for their after-school programs.
put up
hand out
call up
cheer up
come up with
give out
put off
put off
call up
4a
put up
hand out
call up
cheer up
come up with
give out
put off
3. Our class is trying to ___________ some ideas to ________ sick children because they are often sad.
4. We decided to ________ signs around the school and ________ notices to tell students about the book sale. We will ________ the money from the sale to homeless people.
put up
come up with
cheer up
hand out
give out
Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs in the box.
help move do make visit spend
Most people today are only worried about getting good jobs _______ lots of money. In their free time, they think about what _______ for fun. However, few people think about what they can do ________ others.
to make
to do
to help
4b
There are many people who are less lucky than us. Volunteering our time to help these people is a good way ________ our free time. For example, we can make plans __________ sick children in the hospital or raise money for homeless people. Some people even stop doing their jobs for a few months to a year _________ to another place, like one of the countries in Africa, and help people there.
to spend
to visit
to move
Complete the sentences with your own ideas. Use infinitives.
I’d like to volunteer______________________
________________
2. At 12:00 a.m., I called my friend________
____________________________________.
3. I’m very busy but I could help__________
______________
4. Summer vacation is coming, and I want___
___________________________
5. I want to travel alone. My parents told me
(not) _______________________.
at the food bank to help
the poor people.
to play
basketball at the playground.
to look after
my little sister.
to go to beach with my friends.
not to eat unhealthy food.
4c
Ⅰ.单项选择
1. He wants ______ some vegetables.
A. buy B. buying C. to buy D. buys
2. Don't forget ______ your homework with you when you come to school.
A. to bring B. bringing C. to take D. taking
3. He found it very difficult ______.
A. sleeping B. sleeps
C. slept D. to fall asleep
C
A
D
Exercises
I want __________ (become) a policeman one day.
2. He wants the students _______ (eat) well.
3. The teacher made his students _______ (come) into the meeting room on time.
4. The boy was free ______ (go) where he liked.
5. Nobody tells him what _______ (do) next.
Ⅱ. 用括号内所给词的适当形式填空
to become
to eat
come
to go
to do
6.Don't forget __________ (lock) the door when you leave.
7.Would you like ________ (go) and have a picnic with us
tomorrow
8.I often hear the girl _______ (play) the piano in the next
room.
9.Can we ______ (put) off the meeting till next Monday
morning
10.Would you please _______ (give) out the exam papers
to lock
to go
play
put
give
hang out write down hand out take after fix up work out ask for run out of take away from
Ⅲ.根据句意，从方框中选择正确的短语，并用其正确形式填空
1. Don’t worry. I will help you _______ your computer.
2. The problem is too difficult for me to __________.
3. Who is helping the teacher _________ the students’ homework
4. I have two children. My son looks like me and my daughter __________ her mother.
fix up
work out
hand out
takes after
5. Please wait a minute! I’ll get a pen to __________ your
telephone number.
6. If you have any problems, you can ________ help.
7. These books mustn’t ___________________ the library.
8. I like ________________________ with my friends after school.
9. Have you ____________ all of your money
write down
ask for
be taken away from
hanging out / to hang out
run out of
hang out write down hand out take after fix up work out ask for run out of take away from
1.Review the grammar we’ve learned today.
2.Preview the words in Section B.
Homework
