《中考新突破》2016年中考英语（云南版）精讲课件：专题九　动词的时态和语态 （共15张PPT）

课件15张PPT。专题九　动词的时态和语态动词的时态 　动词的时态 The rich woman is always laughing at the poor. 这个有钱的女人总是嘲笑穷人。1．被动语态的构成：be动词＋过去分词
如果特别强调动作或行为的执行者，句子后面可接by…，意为“被(由)……”。被动语态的时态体现在be动词上。被动语态主要使用在以下场合：
　动词的语态
(1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。eg.
My bike was stolen yesterday.我的自行车昨天被偷了。(并不知道是谁偷了我的自行车)
A knife is used for cutting things.刀是用来切东西的。(不必说明刀子被谁用)
(2)强调动作的执行者时，使用“by＋执行者”。eg.
The pen was used by my father.这支钢笔我父亲用过。2．常考的几种被动语态的结构
(1)一般现在时的被动语态
结构：主语＋am/are/is＋过去分词＋其他. eg.
She often waters the flowers.她经常浇花。→The flowers are often watered by her.
(2)一般过去时的被动语态
结构：主语＋was/were＋过去分词＋其他. eg.
We visited a farm yesterday.我们昨天参观了一个农场。→A farm was visited yesterday by us.
(3)一般将来时的被动语态
结构：主语＋am/is/are＋going to be＋过去分词＋其他．或主语＋will/shall be＋过去分词＋其他. eg.
She will plant some trees this week.这周她将种一些树。→Some trees will be planted this week by her.
(4)现在进行时的被动语态
结构：主语＋am/is/are＋being＋过去分词＋其他. eg.
He is reading a novel.他正在看小说。→A novel is being read by him.
(5)现在完成时的被动语态
结构：主语＋have/has been＋过去分词＋其他. eg.
We have finished the work already.我们已经完成了那项工作。→The work has already been finished by us.
(6)情态动词的被动语态
结构：主语＋can/may/must/should＋be＋过去分词＋其他. eg.
He can speak English.他会说英语。→English can be spoken by him.注意：
(1)主动句省略to的不定式变成被动语态后省略的to要加上。eg.
The boss made the workers work twelve hours a day.老板让工人一天工作12个小时。→The workers were made to work twelve hours a day by the boss.
(2)有些动词有两个宾语，在用于被动语态结构时，指人的宾语变为主语时，指物的宾语仍保留在谓语之后；指物的宾语变为主语时，指人的宾语前要加相应的介词。eg.
He gave me a present.他给了我一份礼物。→I was given a present./A present was given to me.(3)动词短语的被动语态要注意，如该短语由“动词＋介词或副词”构成，在被动语态中，介词、副词不能丢。eg.
The young man was sent away from school.那个年轻人被学校开除了。
(4)有许多句子的主动语态可以表示被动意义，这些主动语态的句子一般主语都是物。这些动词的主动形式表示被动意义，如：look, feel, read, sell, smell, sound, taste等。eg.
The books sell well.这些书卖得很好。
(5)不及物动词没有被动语态，常见的有happen, arrive, die, come, go, fall等。谢谢观看！