(共10张PPT)
Unit 10 I've had this bike
for three years
第三课时 Section A（Grammar Focus-4c）
语法精讲
现在完成时（三）
1. 延续性动词和非延续性动词
动词按其动作发生的方式、发生过程的长短可分为延续性动词与非延续性
动词。
（1）延续性动词表示能够延续的动作，常与表示时间段的状语连用。表示时间
段的短语有“for＋一段时间”，“ sin ce ＋时间点”。
如：He has lived here for 6 years.他已经在这里住了六年了。
（2）非延续性动词也称终止性动词或瞬间动词，表示不能延续的动作，这种动
作发生后立即结束。在肯定句中一般与表示时间点的状语two years ago，at 5
o'clock 等连用。
如：He died 5 years ago.他五年前去世了。
【注意】在否定句中，非延续性动词可以与表示时间段的时间状语连用。
（3）非延续性动词变为延续性动词有两种方式：
①由非延续性动词转换为“be ＋adj./adv.”结构：
leave→be away （from）
begin/start→be on
finish/end→be over
die→be dead
get to/arrive/reach→be （in）
fall asleep→be asleep
marry→be married
open→be open
close→be closed
②有的非延续性动词可转化为意思相同的延续性动词：
borrow→keep buy→have
put on→wear become→be
catch a cold→have a cold
join→be a member of/be in
2. 辨析for 与 sin ce
（1）for与表示一段时间的词组 two minutes，five hours，ten days 等连用。
（2） sin ce 的用法：①接具体的时间点；②接“一段时间＋ago”；③接时间状
语从句，从句的谓语动词用过去式，并且常为非延续性动词。
（3）for与 sin ce的转换：“for＋时间段”相当于“ sin ce＋一段时间＋ago”。
语法精练
Ⅰ.根据句意，用for或 since完成句子。
1. I've known him four years.
2. We've lived here I was a child.
3. She's waited for him twenty-five minutes.
4. They've been married 1988.
for
since
for
since
Ⅰ
Ⅱ
Ⅲ
5. My father has worked in the company 10 years ago.
since
Ⅱ.用括号内所给动词的延续性动词形式填空。
6. Linda （buy） this camera for two months.
7. This young man （arrive） in Guangzhou for three years.
8. Sonia （borrow） these books for a week.
9. The film （begin） for ten minutes.
10. His pet cat （die） for three weeks.
has had
has been
has kept
has been on
has been dead
Ⅰ
Ⅱ
Ⅲ
Ⅲ.根据中文意思，补全英语译文（每空限填一词，缩写算一词）。
11. 这家工厂自去年8月就关了。
This factory since last August.
12. 他自2002年就加入了联合会。
He a member of the League since 2002.
13. 马克在这里待了两年了。
Mark for two years.
14. 我们自昨天就已经回到了西安。
We to Xi'an since yesterday.
15. 我的哥哥现在在中国学习。他离开家已经有几个月了。
My brother is studying in China now.He from home for
several months.
has
been
closed
has
been
has
been
here
have
been
back
has
been
away
Ⅰ
Ⅱ
Ⅲ(共27张PPT)
Unit 10 I’ve had this bike for three years.
第三课时 Section A (Grammar Focus—4c)
Warm- up
Talk about the Flea Market.
How long have you had that bike over there
I’ve had it for three years.
Role play
How long have you had that bike over there I’ve had it for three years.
How long has his son owned the train and railway set He’s owned it since his fourth birthday.
Have you ever played football Yes, I did when I was little, but I haven’t played for a while now.
Grammar focus
现在完成时通常和表示一段时间的时间状语连用。这样的时间状语有“for＋时间段” “since＋过去的时间点”以及“since＋表示过去的从句”。
[探究]
e.g. My uncle has worked at this factory for ten years.
= My uncle has worked at this factory since ten year ago.
I’ve lived here since 1990．
自从1990年以来我就住在这里。
I haven’t seen him for three years.
我三年没有看见他了。
瞬间动词的肯定式不能和时间段连用。但其否定式可以和时间段连用。
因为，其否定式表示的是一种状态，而状态总是可以延续的。如：
I haven’t seen him for a long time.
我很久没见到他了。
He hasn’t come here for some time.
他有段时间没来了。
I haven’t heard from her since she left.
自她离开以后，我一直没收到她的来信。
在表示持续一段时间的句子中，应将短暂性动词转化为相同意义的延续性动词或状态动词。
初中英语中常见的有：
短暂性动词
延续性动词
go, leave, move
arrive, come, reach
join, become
buy, get (得到)
be away (off), be out of
be here , be in +某地
be in, be a (an) + n.
have
[拓展] 短暂性动词在肯定句、疑问句中不能与时间段连用，如become, begin, buy, borrow, arrive, come, die, fall, finish, go, join, leave, marry等。为了表述这种意思，我们常用相应的延续性动词have, keep等来代替非延续性动词。如：
我买这本书一周了。
I have bought the book for a week. (×)
I have had the book for a week. (√)
非延续性动词(短语)和延续性动词(短语)的转换如下：
非延续性动词(短语) 延续性动词(短语)
buy have
borrow keep
open be open
close be closed
begin/start be on
come here be here
go there be there
finish be over
die be ________
catch a cold ________ a cold
put on wear
go out be out
dead
have
转化为“be + 形容词/副词/介词/名词”
begin / start — be on
go out — be out
close — be closed
open — be open
get to/arrive/reach — be (in)
die — be dead
leave — be away
finish — be over
fall sleep — be asleep
join — be in/be a member of
become — be
make friends — be friends
come/go/ — be+相应的介词短语
wake up be awake
fall asleep be asleep
lose not have
join be in/be a member of
leave be away
arrive/reach be (in)
例:下面是句子的同义句转换,将原句一般过去时改成现在完成时
He went to school two hours ago.(一般过去时)
I borrowed the book five days ago.
get to/ arrive in(at)\ reach-be in+地点
He has been in school for two hours.
(现在完成时，将go to school变为be in school, for+时间段)
He has been in school since two hours ago.
(现在完成时，since跟过去的时间点)
borrow借(短暂)-keep保存(延续)
I have kept the book for five days.
I have kept the book since five days ago.
He bought the bike three years ago.
2. She fell asleep one hour ago.
3. My sister became a nurse one year ago.
He has had the bike for three years.
buy买(短暂)—have\own拥有(延续)
He has had the bike since three years ago.
fall asleep入睡(短暂)—be asleep睡着的(状态)
She has been asleep for one hour.
She has been asleep since one hour ago.
become变成(短暂)—be+名词(延续)
My sister has been a nurse for one year.
My sister has been a nurse since one year ago.
*He has come to Beijing for two years.
He has been in Beijing for two years.
*He has bought that book for three weeks.
He has had that book for three weeks.
*He has joined the Army for one and a half years.
He has been in the army for one and a half years.
It is two years since he came to Beijing.
It is three weeks since he bought that book.
It is one and a half years since he joined the Army.
×
×
×
改错
*His grandma has died for nine months.
His grandma has been dead for nine months.
It is nine months since his grandma died.
×
Jim is in Japan. He arrived there three days ago.
__________________________________
2. They are very hungry. Their last meal was ten hours ago.
__________________________________________________________________________
Rewrite the sentences using for or since.
Jim has been in Japan for three days.
They are very hungry because they haven’t had their meal for ten hours.
4a
3. I have a camera. I bought it in 2009.
_______________________________
4. I know Anna. I first met her three years ago.
___________________________________
5. Linda is ill. She became ill on Monday.
____________________________________
I have had a camera since 2009.
I have known Anna for three years .
Linda has been ill since Monday .
1. I ______________ (never be) to the water
park before. I want to ____ (go) next month
before the weather gets too cold.
2. They_______________ (never own) any pets,
but they ____________ (always want) to have a dog.
3. We__________ (have) a piano since last
November. We _________ (buy) it from
the Li family when they moved to the US last year.
Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.
have never been
go
have never owned
always want
have had
bought
4b
4. Cathy and Amy _____________ (not be)
back to their hometown for two years.
They ______ (miss) their hometown a
lot and hope to visit the place next year.
5. This museum __________ (be) here for
over 20 years. It _____ (be) one of the
oldest buildings in this small town.
haven’t been
miss
has been
is
4c
Fill in the questions and ask two students. Then complete the chart.
1. Do you have a(n) ________
How long have you had it
2. Do you own a(n) ________
How long have you owned it
Students Things How long
Tony favorite book basketball for two years since he was 10 years old
Student 1
Student 2
用since或for填空
1．His aunt has lived in Australia _____ 15 years.
2．Jill has been in Ireland ____ three days.
3．Amy is in her office. She has been there ______ 7 o'clock.
4．Molly has kept the book ______ two years ago.
for
for
since
since
Exercises
5．—Have you ever been to the Summer Palace
—Yes. I have visited it many times ______ 2009.
6．The bus is late. They've been waiting ____ 20 minutes.
7．Nobody lives in those houses. They have been empty ____ many years.
8．Mike has been ill ____ a long time. He has been in hospital ______ October.
since
for
for
for
since
Homework
Recite the sentences in Grammar Focus.
Preview Section B 1a-1d.
