unit 6 using language 测试题（含答案与解析）新外研版必修二
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| 名称 | unit 6 using language 测试题（含答案与解析）新外研版必修二 |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2025-03-11 15:11:45 | ||
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book 2 unit 6 using language同步测试题
一、单句语法填空
1．The teacher said there were still so many problems (remain) to be solved.
2．The man (call) himself John Smith used to lived here.
3．In spring, local hillsides are filled with tea workers (sow) seeds on their land.
4．He walked over to the great mountains (stretch) all the way for miles to the sea.
5． (face) the confluence (汇流处) of Minjiang, Dadu River and Qingyi River, the 71-meter-tall Giant Buddha of Leshan is one of the most important cultural treasures of China.
6．The mobile nature of the machine made it the perfect production machine to serve customers (attend) outdoor sporting events, or circuses and fairs.
7．We’ve offered green energy equipment and services to over 100 countries and regions, (project) a responsible image of China.
8．They, (transfer) to the National Cultural Heritage Administration on Monday, marked the largest return of lost relics to the mainland from Taiwan in recent years.
9．While solving various criminal cases in different places where he serves during the early stages of his career, Dee also uncovers the mystery (surround) his own birth.
10．“Sponges become bigger and bigger over time; another fossil piece (date) back to around 300 million years ago was also recently discovered in Ireland, for example.
二、阅读理解
A
Another year of record fossil fuel burning leading to record high global temperatures. Time is running out to solve the climate crisis, and great disasters come near us. You’re probably used to such headlines, and you may have moments of hopelessness about the future. But can you turn such gloom (灰暗) messaging of climate crisis into meaningful change Our recent global study says yes — but the messages must be used wisely.
In 2019, in his book, David Wallace - Wells painted a terrifying landscape of the suffering awaiting us if we don’t address climate change, leaving many feeling consumed by fear and helplessness. Not everyone is a fan of his gloom messaging. Climate scientists like Michael Mann have warned against it , messaging that it can depress and discourage the public, and lead to further climate inaction. And the title of a new book by Hannah Ritchie states clearly that it’s Not the End of the World: How We Can Be the First Generation to Build a Sustainable Planet.
To help figure out the precise impact of climate gloom messaging, we recently completed a large experiment. Our findings revealed that gloom messaging was highly effective for stimulating climate change information sharing, like posting on the Internet or social media. Wallace-Wells was right in this aspect. But Mann and Ritchie were also right. Hearing these messages actually decreased people’s positive behaviors against environmental pollution — when faced with the enormous messages of the climate crisis, individual -level actions might seem futile (徒劳的). So gloom messaging can do both things: cause helplessness, discouraging individual-level action; but also motivate people to spread the word.
Our research also found several other messages that moved the needle on climate change beliefs and actions. This suggests that understanding how different messages work, and in what contexts, will be critical to changing beliefs, spreading the word, and motivating action.
11．What message does gloom messaging intend to deliver
A．The unstoppable tendency to disasters.
B．Disastrous effects of burning fossil fuels.
C．The urgency to deal with climate crisis.
D．Confidence in environmental protection.
12．Why do some climate scientists disagree with Wallace -Wells’ view
A．Because they don’t believe there is severe climate crisis.
B．Because they fear it will lead to more environmental pollution.
C．Because they plan to build a new world in another planet.
D．Because they worry it makes people give up climate actions.
13．How does gloom messaging affect the public according to paragraph 3
A．It encourages people to fight against climate change.
B．It increases people’s awareness of climate crisis.
C．It has no impact on climate change behaviors.
D．It misleads people into spreading wrong news.
14．What is the last paragraph mainly about
A．The lack of solution for inspiring climate actions.
B．Gloom messages’ influences on climate behaviors.
C．The importance of studying different messages’ effects.
D．Right attitudes to climate change beliefs and behaviors.
B
The Arctic (北极) is heating up at a breakneck speed compared with the rest of Earth. And new analyses show that the region is warming even faster than scientists thought. Over the last four decades, the average Arctic temperature increased nearly four times as fast as the global average, researchers report in Communications Earth & Environment.
And that’s just on average. Some parts of the Arctic Ocean, such as the Barents Sea between Russia and Norway’s Svalbard Archipelago, are warming as much as seven times as fast, meteorologist Mika Rantanen of the Finnish Meteorological Institute in Helsinki and colleagues found. Previous studies have tended to say that the Arctic’s average temperature is. increasing two to three times as fast as elsewhere, as humans continue causing the climate to change.
To calculate the true pace of the accelerated warming, a phenomenon called Arctic amplification (放大), the researchers analyzed observational data from 1979 to 2021. Globally, the average temperature increasing over that time was about 0.2℃ per decade. But the Aretic was warming by about 0.75℃ per decade.
“Even the best climate models are not doing a great job of reproducing that warming,” Rantanen said. The inability of the models to realistically simulate past Arctic amplification calls into question how well the models can project future changes there.
It’s not clear where the problem lies. One issue may be that the models are struggling with correctly reproducing the sensitivity of Arctic temperatures to the loss of sea ice. Disappearing snow and ice, particularly sea ice, is one big reason why the Arctic is warming at this speed. The bright white snow and ice create a reflective barrier that bounces incoming radiation from the sun back into space. But open ocean waters or bare rocks absorb that heat, raising the temperature.
15．Which of the following can best describe the Arctic temperature
A．It has come to its peak. B．It has stopped increasing.
C．It is becoming as high as the global average. D．It is increasing faster than other regions.
16．How did the researchers find out the true speed of Arctic warming
A．By referring to a theory. B．By concluding different views.
C．By analyzing previous data. D．By monitoring the temperature change.
17．What can we know from the last two paragraphs
A．The climate models are out of date.
B．Snow and ice absorb more heat than sea water.
C．It’s hard for the climate models to correctly predict the future Arctic temperature.
D．It’s clear how Arctic temperatures reacted to the loss of sea ice.
18．Where is the text probably taken from
A．A research paper. B．A travel brochure.
C．A geography textbook. D．A computer magazine.
三．七选五
More than 40 percent of Antarctica’s ice shelves have reduced in the past 25 years, potentially accelerating sea level rise by allowing more landice to flow into the ocean.
19 They play a critical role in slowing the flow of ice on land into the ocean by essentially acting as a wall and surround nearly the entire coastline of Antarctica. When ice shelves thin or retreat(消退), ice on the land can flow into the ocean more quickly and accelerate sea level rise.
Healthy ice shelves naturally retreat and grow over time. An ice shelf is continuously flowing and advancing but will also lose mass through melting or calving, which is when its front breaks off into the ocean. 20 But the large portion of steadily shrinking ice shelves shows this natural cycle is off.
In West Antarctica, the Getz Ice Shelf experienced some of the biggest ice losses, shedding 1.9 trillion tons of ice over the study period. Most ice shelves in East Antarctica however, increased in volume or stayed the same. 21 Region is protected by a band of cold water at the coast, which helps keep nearby warm water at bay. Even so, the study still showed pockets of shrinking ice shelves, and researchers are still investigating the reasons. 22
The current ice shelf data set is not long enough for researchers to definitively make climate change connection yet, but it would be a ” remarkable coincidence if the natural variability in ice shelves were just that much larger. 23 But we don’t need to hit it before seeing an effect on the planet.
A．Then it can gain ice from the land and grow again
B．Ice shelves are massive floating sections of ice extending from glaciers on land.
C．The east is not as exposed to the warm water like the other side of the continent.
D．The thinning of the ice shelves has shown up in the surrounding environment, too.
E．Ice shelves not just the big ones, are. steadily losing mass over time with no sign of recovery
F．One theory is that the warmer water on the western side could be slowly coming in the region.
G．Additionally, climate models predict ice shelves will steadily shrink in a warming world as observed, eventually hitting a tipping point for ice sheet collapse.
四、完形填空
Around 2000 years ago, ancient Chinese divided the sun’s annual circular motion into 24 equal segments, each segment was called a ‘Solar Term’. Each solar term 24 a unique period of a year. But have you ever heard the term — “Hui Nantian”, a unique meteorological (气象) 25 that occurs 26 in southern China This term, which translates to “the return of the south wind,” encapsulates (概括)a seasonal shift that not only 27 the weather patterns, but also deeply affects the way of life and cultural practices in this region.
“Hui Nantian” occurs during the 28 from winter to spring, when the cold, dry air of winter 29 the warm, damp air of the south. This change is not merely a meteorological shift; it’s a cultural event. People in the southern China anticipate “Hui Nantian” with a 30 of excitement and caution.
On the one hand, it signals the end of winter and the 31 of spring, a time of renewal and rebirth. On the other hand, the 32 humidity and dampness can present challenges, especially in terms of maintaining the integrity of buildings and 33 personal items. In Chinese culture, “Hui Nantian” is often associated with traditional practices and beliefs. It also reflects the importance of respect for 34 and traditional values in Chinese culture. In addition, it is also connected with the concept of “harmony with nature.” This belief encourages people to live in harmony with the natural world and respect the 35 of nature, such as the changing of the seasons and the flow of energy.
By 36 these natural rhythms, it is believed that people can achieve a state of inner peace and harmony, which is essential for leading a healthy and 37 life. Overall, Hui Nantian shows a blend of traditional practices, beliefs, and values that are unique to Chinese culture. These practices not only serve to preserve the cultural heritage of China but also 38 harmony and balance in people’s lives.
24．A．reviewed B．represented C．regained D．researched
25．A．phenomenon B．view C．landscape D．opinion
26．A．hardly B．seldom C．primarily D．never
27．A．maintains B．remains C．changes D．keeps
28．A．transportation B．show C．transplant D．shift
29．A．gives out B．gives up C．gives off D．gives way to
30．A．result B．force C．mix D．power
31．A．end B．approach C．warmth D．beauty
32．A．decreased B．lost C．increased D．regained
33．A．arriving B．preserving C．serving D．approving
34．A．ancestors B．wealth C．harvest D．descendants
35．A．circles B．return C．power D．cycles
36．A．following B．keeping C．noticing D．staying
37．A．brilliant B．unforgettable C．necessary D．satisfying
38．A．protect B．promote C．preview D．predict
五．语法填空
What is causing the increase in the 39 (globe) average surface temperature Climate scientists think it is the greenhouse effect, 40 includes “natural” and “man-made”, 41 matters. The “man-made” greenhouse effect has become 42 big problem. People produce huge amounts of green-house gases by burning fossil fuels, 43 (leave) more heat energy 44 (trap) in the atmosphere. The rise in temperature has led to an increase in extreme weather and natural 45 (disaster). Appropriate actions should be taken 46 (prevent) it. 47 , there will be a higher price to pay. Governments should make policies and take measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and individuals can also make a 48 (different) by restricting the amount of carbon dioxide our lifestyles produce.
六、书信写作
49．假定你是某国际中学的学生会主席，你校将邀请环保专家Mr Fred来校做一场有关“Global Warming”的知识讲座。请你写一则英文通知，内容包括：
1. 讲座目的；
2. 讲座时间及地点；
3. 讲座内容。
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考答案：
1．remaining
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：老师说还有很多问题有待解决。此处为非谓语，remain是不及物动词，不能用于被动语态，和前文名词problems之间是主动关系，用其现在分词作后置定语，修饰名词。故填remaining。
2．calling
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：那个自称约翰·史密斯的人以前住在这里。此处为非谓语，动词call和前文名词The man之间是主动关系，故用其现在分词作后置定语。故填calling。
3．sowing
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意： 春天，当地的山坡上到处都是茶农，他们在自己的土地上播种。本句的谓语为are filled，所以空处应用非谓语动词。逻辑主语tea workers和sow之间是主谓关系，所以应用现在分词形式，作后置定语。故填sowing。
4．stretching
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他走到绵延数英里的大山跟前，一直到海边。此处stretch与mountains构成主动关系，故用现在分词作定语。故填stretching。
5．Facing
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：面对岷江、大渡河和青衣河的汇合处，71米高的乐山大佛是中国最重要的文化瑰宝之一。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作状语，逻辑主语the 71-meter-tall Giant Buddha of Leshan与face 是主动关系，故此处应该用现在分词Facing。故填Facing。
6．attending
【详解】考查现在分词。句意：机器的移动特性使其成为完美的生产机器，为参加户外体育赛事或马戏团和博览会的客户服务。动词attend和逻辑主语customers构成主动关系，所以应用现在分词形式作后置定语。故填attending。
7．projecting
【详解】考查现在分词。句意：我们为100多个国家和地区提供了绿色能源设备和服务，树立了负责任的中国形象。空处为非谓语动词作状语，project 与逻辑主语we之间构成主动关系，所以使用现在分词作状语。故填projecting。
8．transferred
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这些文物已于周一移交给国家文物局，标志着近年来台湾最大的文物归还行动。由该句谓语为marked可知，此处为非谓语动词，作后置定语，修饰They，They和transfer为逻辑被动关系，应用过去分词形式。故填transferred。
9．surrounding
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在职业生涯早期，Dee在不同的地方破获了各种刑事案件，同时也揭开了他自己出生的神秘面纱。句中已有谓语uncovers，空处作非谓语动词，“(surround) his own birth”作定语，修饰名词mystery，mystery与surround是逻辑上的主动关系，surround用其现在分词形式作定语，故填surrounding。
10．dating
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：例如，另一块可追溯到约3亿年前的化石碎片最近在爱尔兰被发现。句中was discovered为谓语动词,设空处应用非谓语动词作后置定语，被修饰词another fossil piece和动词date是主谓关系，故用现在分词形式。故填dating。
11．C 12．D 13．B 14．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了我们常常在媒体看到关于气候的悲观信息，一定要研究这些信息的影响，建议明智地使用这些信息，把这些信息转变为有益的信息。
11．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Time is running out to solve the climate crisis, and great disasters come near us.(解决气候危机的时间所剩无几，大灾难近在眼前)”可知，这条令人郁闷的信息本是想告知大家解决气候问题的迫切性。故选C项。
12．细节理解题。根据第二段中“In 2019, in his book, David Wallace - Wells painted a terrifying landscape of the suffering awaiting us if we don’t address climate change, leaving many feeling consumed by fear and helplessness….Climate scientists like Michael Mann have warned against it , messaging that it can depress and discourage the public, and lead to further climate inaction.(2019年，大卫·华莱士-威尔斯(David Wallace - Wells)在他的书中描绘了一幅可怕的景象，如果我们不解决气候变化问题，我们将面临可怕的苦难，让许多人感到恐惧和无助。…迈克尔·曼等气候科学家对此提出了警告，称这可能会让公众感到沮丧和气馁，并导致进一步的气候不作为)”可知，这些科学家担心，人们感到绝望而放弃努力，不去积极应对气候问题。故选D项。
13．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Our findings revealed that gloom messaging was highly effective for stimulating climate change information sharing, like posting on the Internet or social media.(我们的研究结果表明，悲观的信息传递对于刺激气候变化信息共享非常有效，比如在互联网或社交媒体上发帖)”可知，这条悲观信息提升了人们对于气候问题的危机意识。故选B项。
14．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Our research also found several other messages that moved the needle on climate change beliefs and actions. This suggests that understanding how different messages work, and in what contexts, will be critical to changing beliefs, spreading the word, and motivating action.(我们的研究还发现了其他一些影响气候变化信念和行动的信息。这表明，理解不同的信息是如何起作用的，以及在什么情况下起作用，对于改变信念、传播信息和激励行动是至关重要的)”可知，本段表示正确研究理解不同信息的影响是很重要的。故选C项。
15．D 16．C 17．C 18．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了北极加速变暖速度远超全球平均水平，部分海域变暖速率高达全球平均的七倍，气候模型难以准确模拟这一放大效应，海冰减少加剧升温，未来预测面临挑战。
15．细节理解题。由文章第一段“The Arctic (北极) is heating up at a breakneck speed compared with the rest of Earth. And new analyses show that the region is warming even faster than scientists thought. Over the last four decades, the average Arctic temperature increased nearly four times as fast as the global average, researchers report in Communications Earth & Environment. (与地球其他地区相比，北极正在以惊人的速度升温。新的分析表明，该地区的变暖速度比科学家们想象的还要快。研究人员在《通信地球与环境》杂志上报告说，在过去的四十年里，北极平均温度的上升速度几乎是全球平均温度的四倍。)”可知，北极的温度的增长速度比其他地区快。故选D。
16．细节理解题。根据第三段中“To calculate the true pace of the accelerated warming, a phenomenon called Arctic amplification (放大), the researchers analyzed observational data from 1979 to 2021. (为了计算加速变暖的真实速度，一种被称为北极放大的现象，研究人员分析了1979年至2021年的观测数据。)”可知，研究人员通过分析以前的数据来发现北极变暖的真实速度。故选C。
17．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段““Even the best climate models are not doing a great job of reproducing that warming,” Rantanen said. The inability of the models to realistically simulate past Arctic amplification calls into question how well the models can project future changes there. (“即使是最好的气候模型也不能很好地再现这种变暖，”Rantanen说。这些模式无法真实地模拟过去的北极放大，这让人质疑这些模式能否很好地预测未来的变化。)”可知，气候模型很难正确预测未来北极的温度。故选C。
18．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“The Arctic (北极) is heating up at a breakneck speed compared with the rest of Earth. And new analyses show that the region is warming even faster than scientists thought. Over the last four decades, the average Arctic temperature increased nearly four times as fast as the global average, researchers report in Communications Earth & Environment. (与地球其他地区相比，北极正在以惊人的速度升温。新的分析表明，该地区的变暖速度比科学家们想象的还要快。研究人员在《通信地球与环境》杂志上报告说，在过去的四十年里，北极平均温度的上升速度几乎是全球平均温度的四倍。)”可知，本文内容涉及北极地区的气候变化，是科研性质的主题，因此最可能出自一篇研究论文。故选A。
19．B 20．A 21．C 22．F 23．G
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了在过去的25年里，南极洲40%以上的冰架已经减少，这可能会使更多的陆地冰流入海洋，从而加速海平面上升。文章还介绍了这一现象的原因可能和气候变化有关。
19．下文“They play a critical role in slowing the flow of ice on land into the ocean by essentially acting as a wall and surround nearly the entire coastline of Antarctica.When ice shelves thin or retreat(消退), ice on the land can flow into the ocean more quickly and accelerate sea level rise. (它们在减缓陆地上的冰流入海洋方面发挥着关键作用，基本上起到了一堵墙的作用，几乎包围了南极洲的整个海岸线。它们在减缓陆地上的冰流入海洋方面发挥着关键作用，基本上就像一面墙，环绕着南极洲几乎整个海岸线。当冰架变薄或消退时，陆地上的冰可以更快地流入海洋，加速海平面上升)”说明了南极冰架的作用。空出引出下文，介绍什么是南极冰架。B项中的“Ice shelves”是下文They所指代的对象，说明冰架是从陆地冰川延伸出来的巨大漂浮冰块，他们起着重要的作用。故选B。
20．上文“Healthy ice shelves naturally retreat and grow over time. An ice shelf is continuously flowing and advancing but will also lose mass through melting or calving, which is when its front breaks off into the ocean.(健康的冰架会随着时间的推移自然后退和增长。冰架在不断地流动和前进，但也会因融化或崩解而失去质量，而崩解是冰架前缘断裂进入海洋的时候)”说明冰架是可以自然的消退和增长的。空处承接上文，表明冰架会融化或崩解，也会再次生长。A项中的“gain ice from the land and grow again”和前文“naturally retreat and grow over time”相呼应。A项“然后它可以获取冰，然后再次生长”符合语境。故选A。
21．上文“Most ice shelves in East Antarctica however, increased in volume or stayed the same. (然而，南极东部大部分冰架的体积都在增加或保持不变)”以及下文“Region is protected by a band of cold water at the coast, which helps keep nearby warm water at bay. (这片区域受到海岸的一股冷水的保护，这有助于防止附近的温水进入)”说明南极东部大部分冰架的体积都在增加或保持不变是因为附近的温水没有进入。空处承接前文，说明南极东部大部分冰架的体积都在增加或保持不变的原因。C项“东部不像大陆的另一边那样暴露在温暖的海水中。”符合语境。故选C。
22．上文“Even so, the study still showed pockets of shrinking ice shelves, and researchers are still investigating the reasons. (即便如此，这项研究仍然显示了冰架缩小的区域，研究人员仍在调查原因)”说明研究人员在调查该区域冰架缩小的原因。空处承接上文，F项中的One theory 和前文的“investigating the reasons”相呼应，表明调查的一个原因可能是西区的暖水可能正慢慢进入该地区。故选F。
23．上文“The current ice shelf data set is not long enough for researchers to definitively make climate change connection yet, but it would be a ” remarkable coincidence if the natural variability in ice shelves were just that much larger. (目前的冰架数据集还不足以让研究人员明确地将气候变化联系起来，但如果冰架的自然变异性大得多，这将是一个“惊人的巧合”)”说明虽然数据还不足以明确的将冰架减少和气候变化联系起来，但是因为冰架的变化非常大，所以还是推测和气候变化有关。空处进一步表明这一观点。G项中的Additionally和前文是递进关系，表明人类也在气候模型的帮助下推测处气候变暖让冰架不断减少，最终会达到冰盖崩塌的临界点。G项“此外，气候模型预测，在观察到的全球变暖的情况下，冰架将稳步缩小，最终达到冰盖崩塌的临界点。”符合语境。故选G。
24．B 25．A 26．C 27．C 28．D 29．D 30．C 31．B 32．C 33．B 34．A 35．D 36．A 37．D 38．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国南方特有的气象现象“回南天”，它标志着冬春季节转换，影响天气、生活及文化习俗，体现了人与自然和谐共处的传统理念。
24．考查动词词义辨析。句意：每个节气代表着一年中独特的时期。A. reviewed复习；B. represented代表；C. regained重新获得；D. researched调查。根据空后“a unique period of a year”可知，每个节气象征或代表了一年中的特定时期。故选B。
25．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但你听说过“回南天”这个词吗？这是一种主要出现在中国南方的独特气象现象。A. phenomenon现象；B. view视野；C. landscape风景；D. opinion观点。根据下文“This term, which translates to “the return of the south wind,” encapsulates(概括)a seasonal shift that not only ___4___ the weather patterns, but also deeply affects the way of life and cultural practices in this region.”可知，“回南天”是一种自然现象，故选A。
26．考查副词词义辨析。句意：但你听说过“回南天”这个词吗？这是一种主要出现在中国南方的独特气象现象。A. hardly几乎不；B. seldom很少；C. primarily主要地；D. never从不。根据空后“in southern China”以及常识可知，“回南天”主要出现在中国南方。故选C。
27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这种变化不仅改变了天气模式，还深刻影响了该地区的生产和生活方式以及文化习俗。A. maintains保持；B. remains保持；C. changes改变；D. keeps保持。根据上文“This term, which translates to “the return of the south wind,” encapsulates (概括) a seasonal shift”可知，“回南天”引起的是天气模式的变化。故选C。
28．考查名词词义辨析。句意：“回南天”发生在冬季向春季转变的过程中，那时候冬季寒冷干燥的空气让位于南方温暖潮湿的空气。A. transportation运输；B. show展示；C. transplant移植；D. shift转移，变换。根据上文“a seasonal shift”以及空后“from winter to spring”可知，“回南天”发生在季节的变换中。故选D。
29．考查动词短语辨析。句意同上。A. gives out分发；B. gives up放弃；C. gives off发出；D. gives way to让位给。根据空前“when the cold, dry air of winter”以及空后的“the warm, damp air of the south”可知，这里描述冬季到春季的气候变化，寒冷干燥的空气被温暖潮湿的空气取代。故选D。
30．考查名词词义辨析。句意：中国南方的人们对“回南天”的到来怀着既兴奋又谨慎的心情。A. result结果；B. force力量；C. mix混合；D. power权力。根据上文“This change is not merely a meteorological shift; it’s a cultural event.”以及空后的“of excitement and caution”可知，此处指人们对“回南天”是一种混合的情绪，既期待又警惕。故选C。
31．考查名词词义辨析。句意：一方面，它标志着冬天的结束和春天的到来，这是一个重生和更新的时刻。A. end结束；B. approach接近；C. warmth温暖；D. beauty美丽。根据上文“On the one hand, it signals the end of winter”可知，“回南天”指冬天的结束，也就意味着春天的到来。故选B。
32．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：另一方面，增加的湿度和潮湿可能带来挑战，特别是在维护建筑物完整性和保存个人物品方面。A. decreased减少的；B. lost失去的；C. increased增加的；D. regained重新获得的。根据空后“humidity and dampness可知，回南天的特点是湿度增加。故选C。
33．考查动词词义辨析。句意：另一方面，增加的湿度和潮湿可能带来挑战，特别是在维护建筑物完整性和保存个人物品方面。A. arriving到达；B. preserving保存；C. serving服务；D. approving批准。根据上文“especially in terms of maintaining the integrity of buildings”可知，增加的湿度对物品的保存带来挑战，所以这里指保存个人物品，防止受潮。故选B。
34．考查名词词义辨析。句意：它也反映了对祖先和传统文化价值的尊重。A. ancestors祖先；B. wealth财富；C. harvest收获；D. descendants后代。根据空前“It also reflects the importance of respect”以及文化背景可知，“回南天”是对祖先和传统文化价值的尊重。故选A。
35．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种信念鼓励人们与自然界和谐共处，尊重自然界的循环，如季节更替和能量流动。A. circles圆圈；B. return返回；C. power力量；D. cycles循环。根据下文“such as the changing of the seasons and the flow of energy”可知，这里指的是顺应自然，尊重自然界的周期循环，如季节更替和能量流动。故选D。
36．考查动词词义辨析。句意：通过遵循这些自然节奏，人们相信可以达到内心的平和与和谐，这对过上健康和满意的生活至关重要。A. following跟随，遵循；B. keeping保持；C. noticing注意；D. staying停留。根据空后“it is believed that people can achieve a state of inner peace and harmony, which is essential for leading a healthy and ___14___ life”可知，此处指要遵循自然规律，就可以达到内心的平和与和谐。故选A。
37．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：通过遵循这些自然节奏，人们相信可以达到内心的平和与和谐，这对过上健康和满意的生活至关重要。A. brilliant杰出的；B. unforgettable难忘的；C. necessary必要的；D. satisfying满意的。根据空前“which is essential for leading a healthy”可知，内心和谐对于健康和满意的生活是重要的。故选D。
38．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些实践不仅有助于保护中国的文化遗产，而且也在人们的生活中促进和谐与平衡。A. protect保护；B. promote促进；C. preview预览；D. predict预测。根据上文“Nantian shows a blend of traditional practices, beliefs, and values that are unique to Chinese culture.”可知，这里指传统习俗和文化在人们生活中起到的积极作用，促进人们生活的和谐与平衡。故选B。
39．global 40．which 41．that 42．a 43．leaving 44．trapped 45．disasters 46．to prevent 47．Otherwise 48．difference
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要分析了全球平均气温上升的原因及其影响。
39．考查形容词。句意：是什么导致了全球平均地表温度的上升？作定语，用形容词global，意为“全球的”。故填global。
40．考查定语从句。句意：气候科学家认为，温室效应 —— 包括“自然的”和“人为的” —— 才是关键。空格处单词引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词greenhouse effect，指物，关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作主语，应使用关系代词which引导该从句。故填which。
41．考查强调句。句意：气候科学家认为，温室效应 —— 包括“自然的”和“人为的” —— 才是关键。句中使用了强调句型，强调句结构为“It + is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who + 句子其它部分”，在强调句中，当被强调部分是人时，可以使用who/that，强调物时，使用that；本句中强调的是原句主语“the greenhouse effect, which includes ‘natural’ and ‘man-made’”，句子其它部分由that引出。故填that。
42．考查冠词。句意：“人为的”温室效应已经成为一个大问题。可数名词problem在句中表示“一个问题”，泛指，big发音以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a修饰。故填a。
43．考查非谓语动词。句意：人类燃烧化石燃料产生了大量的温室气体，使更多的热能滞留在大气中。“(leave) more heat energy (trap) in the atmosphere”作结果状语，leave(使)是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语huge amounts of green-house gases之间是主动关系，用现在分词表主动。故填leaving。
44．考查非谓语动词。句意：人类燃烧化石燃料产生了大量的温室气体，使更多的热能滞留在大气中。“(trap) in the atmosphere”作宾语补足语，trap(把……困在)是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语more heat energy之间是被动关系，用过去分词表被动。故填trapped。
45．考查名词。句意：气温上升导致极端天气和自然灾害增加。作宾语，用名词disaster，结合句意，气温上升导致的自然灾害是各种各样的，用复数名词。故填disasters。
46．考查非谓语动词。句意：应该采取适当的措施来防止它。take actions to do...是固定搭配，意为“采取行动去做某事”，句中使用了其被动语态actions be taken to do...，用不定式作主语补足语。故填to prevent。
47．考查副词。句意：否则，将付出更高的代价。上文提出应该采取适当的措施来防止气温上升。根据下文“there will be a higher price to pay(将要付出更大的代价)”可推知，设空处是假设的条件：如果不采取适当的措施来防止气温上升。可用副词otherwise表示，意为“否则”，相当于一个条件句，句首单词首字母大写。故填Otherwise。
48．考查名词。句意：政府应该制定政策并采取措施减少温室气体排放，个人也可以通过限制我们的生活方式产生的二氧化碳量来发挥作用。make a difference是固定短语，意为“产生影响；发挥作用”。故填difference。
49．Notice
To help us learn more about global warming and increase our awareness of environmental protection, our school will invite Mr Fred, an environmental expert to give us a lecture.
It’s going to be held in the school lecture hall from 3:00 to 5:00 on Friday afternoon. In the lecture, he’ll first analyze the causes of global warming and the consequences it will lead to. Then, he’ll introduce some measures we can take to deal with this problem. After that, we can also come up with our suggestions about it.
Please arrive on time.
The Students’ Union
【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文。环保专家Mr Fred来校做一场有关“Global Warming”的知识讲座，要求考生就此写一则英文通知。
【详解】1.词汇积累
了解：learn→know
处理：deal with→do with
提出：come up with→put forward
导致：lead to→bring about
2.句式拓展
同义句转换
原句：To help us learn more about global warming and increase our awareness of environmental protection, our school will invite Mr Fred, an environmental expert to give us a lecture.
拓展句：Our school will invite Mr Fred, an environmental expert to give us a lecture so that we can learn more about global warming and increase our awareness of environmental protection.
【点睛】【高分句型1】
To help us learn more about global warming and increase our awareness of environmental protection, our school will invite Mr Fred, an environmental expert to give us a lecture. (运用了动词不定式作目的状语)
【高分句型2】
Then, he’ll introduce some measures we can take to deal with this problem.(运用了省略关系代词that或者which的定语从句，先行词是measures)
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book 2 unit 6 using language同步测试题
一、单句语法填空
1．The teacher said there were still so many problems (remain) to be solved.
2．The man (call) himself John Smith used to lived here.
3．In spring, local hillsides are filled with tea workers (sow) seeds on their land.
4．He walked over to the great mountains (stretch) all the way for miles to the sea.
5． (face) the confluence (汇流处) of Minjiang, Dadu River and Qingyi River, the 71-meter-tall Giant Buddha of Leshan is one of the most important cultural treasures of China.
6．The mobile nature of the machine made it the perfect production machine to serve customers (attend) outdoor sporting events, or circuses and fairs.
7．We’ve offered green energy equipment and services to over 100 countries and regions, (project) a responsible image of China.
8．They, (transfer) to the National Cultural Heritage Administration on Monday, marked the largest return of lost relics to the mainland from Taiwan in recent years.
9．While solving various criminal cases in different places where he serves during the early stages of his career, Dee also uncovers the mystery (surround) his own birth.
10．“Sponges become bigger and bigger over time; another fossil piece (date) back to around 300 million years ago was also recently discovered in Ireland, for example.
二、阅读理解
A
Another year of record fossil fuel burning leading to record high global temperatures. Time is running out to solve the climate crisis, and great disasters come near us. You’re probably used to such headlines, and you may have moments of hopelessness about the future. But can you turn such gloom (灰暗) messaging of climate crisis into meaningful change Our recent global study says yes — but the messages must be used wisely.
In 2019, in his book, David Wallace - Wells painted a terrifying landscape of the suffering awaiting us if we don’t address climate change, leaving many feeling consumed by fear and helplessness. Not everyone is a fan of his gloom messaging. Climate scientists like Michael Mann have warned against it , messaging that it can depress and discourage the public, and lead to further climate inaction. And the title of a new book by Hannah Ritchie states clearly that it’s Not the End of the World: How We Can Be the First Generation to Build a Sustainable Planet.
To help figure out the precise impact of climate gloom messaging, we recently completed a large experiment. Our findings revealed that gloom messaging was highly effective for stimulating climate change information sharing, like posting on the Internet or social media. Wallace-Wells was right in this aspect. But Mann and Ritchie were also right. Hearing these messages actually decreased people’s positive behaviors against environmental pollution — when faced with the enormous messages of the climate crisis, individual -level actions might seem futile (徒劳的). So gloom messaging can do both things: cause helplessness, discouraging individual-level action; but also motivate people to spread the word.
Our research also found several other messages that moved the needle on climate change beliefs and actions. This suggests that understanding how different messages work, and in what contexts, will be critical to changing beliefs, spreading the word, and motivating action.
11．What message does gloom messaging intend to deliver
A．The unstoppable tendency to disasters.
B．Disastrous effects of burning fossil fuels.
C．The urgency to deal with climate crisis.
D．Confidence in environmental protection.
12．Why do some climate scientists disagree with Wallace -Wells’ view
A．Because they don’t believe there is severe climate crisis.
B．Because they fear it will lead to more environmental pollution.
C．Because they plan to build a new world in another planet.
D．Because they worry it makes people give up climate actions.
13．How does gloom messaging affect the public according to paragraph 3
A．It encourages people to fight against climate change.
B．It increases people’s awareness of climate crisis.
C．It has no impact on climate change behaviors.
D．It misleads people into spreading wrong news.
14．What is the last paragraph mainly about
A．The lack of solution for inspiring climate actions.
B．Gloom messages’ influences on climate behaviors.
C．The importance of studying different messages’ effects.
D．Right attitudes to climate change beliefs and behaviors.
B
The Arctic (北极) is heating up at a breakneck speed compared with the rest of Earth. And new analyses show that the region is warming even faster than scientists thought. Over the last four decades, the average Arctic temperature increased nearly four times as fast as the global average, researchers report in Communications Earth & Environment.
And that’s just on average. Some parts of the Arctic Ocean, such as the Barents Sea between Russia and Norway’s Svalbard Archipelago, are warming as much as seven times as fast, meteorologist Mika Rantanen of the Finnish Meteorological Institute in Helsinki and colleagues found. Previous studies have tended to say that the Arctic’s average temperature is. increasing two to three times as fast as elsewhere, as humans continue causing the climate to change.
To calculate the true pace of the accelerated warming, a phenomenon called Arctic amplification (放大), the researchers analyzed observational data from 1979 to 2021. Globally, the average temperature increasing over that time was about 0.2℃ per decade. But the Aretic was warming by about 0.75℃ per decade.
“Even the best climate models are not doing a great job of reproducing that warming,” Rantanen said. The inability of the models to realistically simulate past Arctic amplification calls into question how well the models can project future changes there.
It’s not clear where the problem lies. One issue may be that the models are struggling with correctly reproducing the sensitivity of Arctic temperatures to the loss of sea ice. Disappearing snow and ice, particularly sea ice, is one big reason why the Arctic is warming at this speed. The bright white snow and ice create a reflective barrier that bounces incoming radiation from the sun back into space. But open ocean waters or bare rocks absorb that heat, raising the temperature.
15．Which of the following can best describe the Arctic temperature
A．It has come to its peak. B．It has stopped increasing.
C．It is becoming as high as the global average. D．It is increasing faster than other regions.
16．How did the researchers find out the true speed of Arctic warming
A．By referring to a theory. B．By concluding different views.
C．By analyzing previous data. D．By monitoring the temperature change.
17．What can we know from the last two paragraphs
A．The climate models are out of date.
B．Snow and ice absorb more heat than sea water.
C．It’s hard for the climate models to correctly predict the future Arctic temperature.
D．It’s clear how Arctic temperatures reacted to the loss of sea ice.
18．Where is the text probably taken from
A．A research paper. B．A travel brochure.
C．A geography textbook. D．A computer magazine.
三．七选五
More than 40 percent of Antarctica’s ice shelves have reduced in the past 25 years, potentially accelerating sea level rise by allowing more landice to flow into the ocean.
19 They play a critical role in slowing the flow of ice on land into the ocean by essentially acting as a wall and surround nearly the entire coastline of Antarctica. When ice shelves thin or retreat(消退), ice on the land can flow into the ocean more quickly and accelerate sea level rise.
Healthy ice shelves naturally retreat and grow over time. An ice shelf is continuously flowing and advancing but will also lose mass through melting or calving, which is when its front breaks off into the ocean. 20 But the large portion of steadily shrinking ice shelves shows this natural cycle is off.
In West Antarctica, the Getz Ice Shelf experienced some of the biggest ice losses, shedding 1.9 trillion tons of ice over the study period. Most ice shelves in East Antarctica however, increased in volume or stayed the same. 21 Region is protected by a band of cold water at the coast, which helps keep nearby warm water at bay. Even so, the study still showed pockets of shrinking ice shelves, and researchers are still investigating the reasons. 22
The current ice shelf data set is not long enough for researchers to definitively make climate change connection yet, but it would be a ” remarkable coincidence if the natural variability in ice shelves were just that much larger. 23 But we don’t need to hit it before seeing an effect on the planet.
A．Then it can gain ice from the land and grow again
B．Ice shelves are massive floating sections of ice extending from glaciers on land.
C．The east is not as exposed to the warm water like the other side of the continent.
D．The thinning of the ice shelves has shown up in the surrounding environment, too.
E．Ice shelves not just the big ones, are. steadily losing mass over time with no sign of recovery
F．One theory is that the warmer water on the western side could be slowly coming in the region.
G．Additionally, climate models predict ice shelves will steadily shrink in a warming world as observed, eventually hitting a tipping point for ice sheet collapse.
四、完形填空
Around 2000 years ago, ancient Chinese divided the sun’s annual circular motion into 24 equal segments, each segment was called a ‘Solar Term’. Each solar term 24 a unique period of a year. But have you ever heard the term — “Hui Nantian”, a unique meteorological (气象) 25 that occurs 26 in southern China This term, which translates to “the return of the south wind,” encapsulates (概括)a seasonal shift that not only 27 the weather patterns, but also deeply affects the way of life and cultural practices in this region.
“Hui Nantian” occurs during the 28 from winter to spring, when the cold, dry air of winter 29 the warm, damp air of the south. This change is not merely a meteorological shift; it’s a cultural event. People in the southern China anticipate “Hui Nantian” with a 30 of excitement and caution.
On the one hand, it signals the end of winter and the 31 of spring, a time of renewal and rebirth. On the other hand, the 32 humidity and dampness can present challenges, especially in terms of maintaining the integrity of buildings and 33 personal items. In Chinese culture, “Hui Nantian” is often associated with traditional practices and beliefs. It also reflects the importance of respect for 34 and traditional values in Chinese culture. In addition, it is also connected with the concept of “harmony with nature.” This belief encourages people to live in harmony with the natural world and respect the 35 of nature, such as the changing of the seasons and the flow of energy.
By 36 these natural rhythms, it is believed that people can achieve a state of inner peace and harmony, which is essential for leading a healthy and 37 life. Overall, Hui Nantian shows a blend of traditional practices, beliefs, and values that are unique to Chinese culture. These practices not only serve to preserve the cultural heritage of China but also 38 harmony and balance in people’s lives.
24．A．reviewed B．represented C．regained D．researched
25．A．phenomenon B．view C．landscape D．opinion
26．A．hardly B．seldom C．primarily D．never
27．A．maintains B．remains C．changes D．keeps
28．A．transportation B．show C．transplant D．shift
29．A．gives out B．gives up C．gives off D．gives way to
30．A．result B．force C．mix D．power
31．A．end B．approach C．warmth D．beauty
32．A．decreased B．lost C．increased D．regained
33．A．arriving B．preserving C．serving D．approving
34．A．ancestors B．wealth C．harvest D．descendants
35．A．circles B．return C．power D．cycles
36．A．following B．keeping C．noticing D．staying
37．A．brilliant B．unforgettable C．necessary D．satisfying
38．A．protect B．promote C．preview D．predict
五．语法填空
What is causing the increase in the 39 (globe) average surface temperature Climate scientists think it is the greenhouse effect, 40 includes “natural” and “man-made”, 41 matters. The “man-made” greenhouse effect has become 42 big problem. People produce huge amounts of green-house gases by burning fossil fuels, 43 (leave) more heat energy 44 (trap) in the atmosphere. The rise in temperature has led to an increase in extreme weather and natural 45 (disaster). Appropriate actions should be taken 46 (prevent) it. 47 , there will be a higher price to pay. Governments should make policies and take measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and individuals can also make a 48 (different) by restricting the amount of carbon dioxide our lifestyles produce.
六、书信写作
49．假定你是某国际中学的学生会主席，你校将邀请环保专家Mr Fred来校做一场有关“Global Warming”的知识讲座。请你写一则英文通知，内容包括：
1. 讲座目的；
2. 讲座时间及地点；
3. 讲座内容。
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考答案：
1．remaining
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：老师说还有很多问题有待解决。此处为非谓语，remain是不及物动词，不能用于被动语态，和前文名词problems之间是主动关系，用其现在分词作后置定语，修饰名词。故填remaining。
2．calling
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：那个自称约翰·史密斯的人以前住在这里。此处为非谓语，动词call和前文名词The man之间是主动关系，故用其现在分词作后置定语。故填calling。
3．sowing
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意： 春天，当地的山坡上到处都是茶农，他们在自己的土地上播种。本句的谓语为are filled，所以空处应用非谓语动词。逻辑主语tea workers和sow之间是主谓关系，所以应用现在分词形式，作后置定语。故填sowing。
4．stretching
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他走到绵延数英里的大山跟前，一直到海边。此处stretch与mountains构成主动关系，故用现在分词作定语。故填stretching。
5．Facing
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：面对岷江、大渡河和青衣河的汇合处，71米高的乐山大佛是中国最重要的文化瑰宝之一。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作状语，逻辑主语the 71-meter-tall Giant Buddha of Leshan与face 是主动关系，故此处应该用现在分词Facing。故填Facing。
6．attending
【详解】考查现在分词。句意：机器的移动特性使其成为完美的生产机器，为参加户外体育赛事或马戏团和博览会的客户服务。动词attend和逻辑主语customers构成主动关系，所以应用现在分词形式作后置定语。故填attending。
7．projecting
【详解】考查现在分词。句意：我们为100多个国家和地区提供了绿色能源设备和服务，树立了负责任的中国形象。空处为非谓语动词作状语，project 与逻辑主语we之间构成主动关系，所以使用现在分词作状语。故填projecting。
8．transferred
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这些文物已于周一移交给国家文物局，标志着近年来台湾最大的文物归还行动。由该句谓语为marked可知，此处为非谓语动词，作后置定语，修饰They，They和transfer为逻辑被动关系，应用过去分词形式。故填transferred。
9．surrounding
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在职业生涯早期，Dee在不同的地方破获了各种刑事案件，同时也揭开了他自己出生的神秘面纱。句中已有谓语uncovers，空处作非谓语动词，“(surround) his own birth”作定语，修饰名词mystery，mystery与surround是逻辑上的主动关系，surround用其现在分词形式作定语，故填surrounding。
10．dating
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：例如，另一块可追溯到约3亿年前的化石碎片最近在爱尔兰被发现。句中was discovered为谓语动词,设空处应用非谓语动词作后置定语，被修饰词another fossil piece和动词date是主谓关系，故用现在分词形式。故填dating。
11．C 12．D 13．B 14．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了我们常常在媒体看到关于气候的悲观信息，一定要研究这些信息的影响，建议明智地使用这些信息，把这些信息转变为有益的信息。
11．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Time is running out to solve the climate crisis, and great disasters come near us.(解决气候危机的时间所剩无几，大灾难近在眼前)”可知，这条令人郁闷的信息本是想告知大家解决气候问题的迫切性。故选C项。
12．细节理解题。根据第二段中“In 2019, in his book, David Wallace - Wells painted a terrifying landscape of the suffering awaiting us if we don’t address climate change, leaving many feeling consumed by fear and helplessness….Climate scientists like Michael Mann have warned against it , messaging that it can depress and discourage the public, and lead to further climate inaction.(2019年，大卫·华莱士-威尔斯(David Wallace - Wells)在他的书中描绘了一幅可怕的景象，如果我们不解决气候变化问题，我们将面临可怕的苦难，让许多人感到恐惧和无助。…迈克尔·曼等气候科学家对此提出了警告，称这可能会让公众感到沮丧和气馁，并导致进一步的气候不作为)”可知，这些科学家担心，人们感到绝望而放弃努力，不去积极应对气候问题。故选D项。
13．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Our findings revealed that gloom messaging was highly effective for stimulating climate change information sharing, like posting on the Internet or social media.(我们的研究结果表明，悲观的信息传递对于刺激气候变化信息共享非常有效，比如在互联网或社交媒体上发帖)”可知，这条悲观信息提升了人们对于气候问题的危机意识。故选B项。
14．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Our research also found several other messages that moved the needle on climate change beliefs and actions. This suggests that understanding how different messages work, and in what contexts, will be critical to changing beliefs, spreading the word, and motivating action.(我们的研究还发现了其他一些影响气候变化信念和行动的信息。这表明，理解不同的信息是如何起作用的，以及在什么情况下起作用，对于改变信念、传播信息和激励行动是至关重要的)”可知，本段表示正确研究理解不同信息的影响是很重要的。故选C项。
15．D 16．C 17．C 18．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了北极加速变暖速度远超全球平均水平，部分海域变暖速率高达全球平均的七倍，气候模型难以准确模拟这一放大效应，海冰减少加剧升温，未来预测面临挑战。
15．细节理解题。由文章第一段“The Arctic (北极) is heating up at a breakneck speed compared with the rest of Earth. And new analyses show that the region is warming even faster than scientists thought. Over the last four decades, the average Arctic temperature increased nearly four times as fast as the global average, researchers report in Communications Earth & Environment. (与地球其他地区相比，北极正在以惊人的速度升温。新的分析表明，该地区的变暖速度比科学家们想象的还要快。研究人员在《通信地球与环境》杂志上报告说，在过去的四十年里，北极平均温度的上升速度几乎是全球平均温度的四倍。)”可知，北极的温度的增长速度比其他地区快。故选D。
16．细节理解题。根据第三段中“To calculate the true pace of the accelerated warming, a phenomenon called Arctic amplification (放大), the researchers analyzed observational data from 1979 to 2021. (为了计算加速变暖的真实速度，一种被称为北极放大的现象，研究人员分析了1979年至2021年的观测数据。)”可知，研究人员通过分析以前的数据来发现北极变暖的真实速度。故选C。
17．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段““Even the best climate models are not doing a great job of reproducing that warming,” Rantanen said. The inability of the models to realistically simulate past Arctic amplification calls into question how well the models can project future changes there. (“即使是最好的气候模型也不能很好地再现这种变暖，”Rantanen说。这些模式无法真实地模拟过去的北极放大，这让人质疑这些模式能否很好地预测未来的变化。)”可知，气候模型很难正确预测未来北极的温度。故选C。
18．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“The Arctic (北极) is heating up at a breakneck speed compared with the rest of Earth. And new analyses show that the region is warming even faster than scientists thought. Over the last four decades, the average Arctic temperature increased nearly four times as fast as the global average, researchers report in Communications Earth & Environment. (与地球其他地区相比，北极正在以惊人的速度升温。新的分析表明，该地区的变暖速度比科学家们想象的还要快。研究人员在《通信地球与环境》杂志上报告说，在过去的四十年里，北极平均温度的上升速度几乎是全球平均温度的四倍。)”可知，本文内容涉及北极地区的气候变化，是科研性质的主题，因此最可能出自一篇研究论文。故选A。
19．B 20．A 21．C 22．F 23．G
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了在过去的25年里，南极洲40%以上的冰架已经减少，这可能会使更多的陆地冰流入海洋，从而加速海平面上升。文章还介绍了这一现象的原因可能和气候变化有关。
19．下文“They play a critical role in slowing the flow of ice on land into the ocean by essentially acting as a wall and surround nearly the entire coastline of Antarctica.When ice shelves thin or retreat(消退), ice on the land can flow into the ocean more quickly and accelerate sea level rise. (它们在减缓陆地上的冰流入海洋方面发挥着关键作用，基本上起到了一堵墙的作用，几乎包围了南极洲的整个海岸线。它们在减缓陆地上的冰流入海洋方面发挥着关键作用，基本上就像一面墙，环绕着南极洲几乎整个海岸线。当冰架变薄或消退时，陆地上的冰可以更快地流入海洋，加速海平面上升)”说明了南极冰架的作用。空出引出下文，介绍什么是南极冰架。B项中的“Ice shelves”是下文They所指代的对象，说明冰架是从陆地冰川延伸出来的巨大漂浮冰块，他们起着重要的作用。故选B。
20．上文“Healthy ice shelves naturally retreat and grow over time. An ice shelf is continuously flowing and advancing but will also lose mass through melting or calving, which is when its front breaks off into the ocean.(健康的冰架会随着时间的推移自然后退和增长。冰架在不断地流动和前进，但也会因融化或崩解而失去质量，而崩解是冰架前缘断裂进入海洋的时候)”说明冰架是可以自然的消退和增长的。空处承接上文，表明冰架会融化或崩解，也会再次生长。A项中的“gain ice from the land and grow again”和前文“naturally retreat and grow over time”相呼应。A项“然后它可以获取冰，然后再次生长”符合语境。故选A。
21．上文“Most ice shelves in East Antarctica however, increased in volume or stayed the same. (然而，南极东部大部分冰架的体积都在增加或保持不变)”以及下文“Region is protected by a band of cold water at the coast, which helps keep nearby warm water at bay. (这片区域受到海岸的一股冷水的保护，这有助于防止附近的温水进入)”说明南极东部大部分冰架的体积都在增加或保持不变是因为附近的温水没有进入。空处承接前文，说明南极东部大部分冰架的体积都在增加或保持不变的原因。C项“东部不像大陆的另一边那样暴露在温暖的海水中。”符合语境。故选C。
22．上文“Even so, the study still showed pockets of shrinking ice shelves, and researchers are still investigating the reasons. (即便如此，这项研究仍然显示了冰架缩小的区域，研究人员仍在调查原因)”说明研究人员在调查该区域冰架缩小的原因。空处承接上文，F项中的One theory 和前文的“investigating the reasons”相呼应，表明调查的一个原因可能是西区的暖水可能正慢慢进入该地区。故选F。
23．上文“The current ice shelf data set is not long enough for researchers to definitively make climate change connection yet, but it would be a ” remarkable coincidence if the natural variability in ice shelves were just that much larger. (目前的冰架数据集还不足以让研究人员明确地将气候变化联系起来，但如果冰架的自然变异性大得多，这将是一个“惊人的巧合”)”说明虽然数据还不足以明确的将冰架减少和气候变化联系起来，但是因为冰架的变化非常大，所以还是推测和气候变化有关。空处进一步表明这一观点。G项中的Additionally和前文是递进关系，表明人类也在气候模型的帮助下推测处气候变暖让冰架不断减少，最终会达到冰盖崩塌的临界点。G项“此外，气候模型预测，在观察到的全球变暖的情况下，冰架将稳步缩小，最终达到冰盖崩塌的临界点。”符合语境。故选G。
24．B 25．A 26．C 27．C 28．D 29．D 30．C 31．B 32．C 33．B 34．A 35．D 36．A 37．D 38．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国南方特有的气象现象“回南天”，它标志着冬春季节转换，影响天气、生活及文化习俗，体现了人与自然和谐共处的传统理念。
24．考查动词词义辨析。句意：每个节气代表着一年中独特的时期。A. reviewed复习；B. represented代表；C. regained重新获得；D. researched调查。根据空后“a unique period of a year”可知，每个节气象征或代表了一年中的特定时期。故选B。
25．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但你听说过“回南天”这个词吗？这是一种主要出现在中国南方的独特气象现象。A. phenomenon现象；B. view视野；C. landscape风景；D. opinion观点。根据下文“This term, which translates to “the return of the south wind,” encapsulates(概括)a seasonal shift that not only ___4___ the weather patterns, but also deeply affects the way of life and cultural practices in this region.”可知，“回南天”是一种自然现象，故选A。
26．考查副词词义辨析。句意：但你听说过“回南天”这个词吗？这是一种主要出现在中国南方的独特气象现象。A. hardly几乎不；B. seldom很少；C. primarily主要地；D. never从不。根据空后“in southern China”以及常识可知，“回南天”主要出现在中国南方。故选C。
27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这种变化不仅改变了天气模式，还深刻影响了该地区的生产和生活方式以及文化习俗。A. maintains保持；B. remains保持；C. changes改变；D. keeps保持。根据上文“This term, which translates to “the return of the south wind,” encapsulates (概括) a seasonal shift”可知，“回南天”引起的是天气模式的变化。故选C。
28．考查名词词义辨析。句意：“回南天”发生在冬季向春季转变的过程中，那时候冬季寒冷干燥的空气让位于南方温暖潮湿的空气。A. transportation运输；B. show展示；C. transplant移植；D. shift转移，变换。根据上文“a seasonal shift”以及空后“from winter to spring”可知，“回南天”发生在季节的变换中。故选D。
29．考查动词短语辨析。句意同上。A. gives out分发；B. gives up放弃；C. gives off发出；D. gives way to让位给。根据空前“when the cold, dry air of winter”以及空后的“the warm, damp air of the south”可知，这里描述冬季到春季的气候变化，寒冷干燥的空气被温暖潮湿的空气取代。故选D。
30．考查名词词义辨析。句意：中国南方的人们对“回南天”的到来怀着既兴奋又谨慎的心情。A. result结果；B. force力量；C. mix混合；D. power权力。根据上文“This change is not merely a meteorological shift; it’s a cultural event.”以及空后的“of excitement and caution”可知，此处指人们对“回南天”是一种混合的情绪，既期待又警惕。故选C。
31．考查名词词义辨析。句意：一方面，它标志着冬天的结束和春天的到来，这是一个重生和更新的时刻。A. end结束；B. approach接近；C. warmth温暖；D. beauty美丽。根据上文“On the one hand, it signals the end of winter”可知，“回南天”指冬天的结束，也就意味着春天的到来。故选B。
32．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：另一方面，增加的湿度和潮湿可能带来挑战，特别是在维护建筑物完整性和保存个人物品方面。A. decreased减少的；B. lost失去的；C. increased增加的；D. regained重新获得的。根据空后“humidity and dampness可知，回南天的特点是湿度增加。故选C。
33．考查动词词义辨析。句意：另一方面，增加的湿度和潮湿可能带来挑战，特别是在维护建筑物完整性和保存个人物品方面。A. arriving到达；B. preserving保存；C. serving服务；D. approving批准。根据上文“especially in terms of maintaining the integrity of buildings”可知，增加的湿度对物品的保存带来挑战，所以这里指保存个人物品，防止受潮。故选B。
34．考查名词词义辨析。句意：它也反映了对祖先和传统文化价值的尊重。A. ancestors祖先；B. wealth财富；C. harvest收获；D. descendants后代。根据空前“It also reflects the importance of respect”以及文化背景可知，“回南天”是对祖先和传统文化价值的尊重。故选A。
35．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种信念鼓励人们与自然界和谐共处，尊重自然界的循环，如季节更替和能量流动。A. circles圆圈；B. return返回；C. power力量；D. cycles循环。根据下文“such as the changing of the seasons and the flow of energy”可知，这里指的是顺应自然，尊重自然界的周期循环，如季节更替和能量流动。故选D。
36．考查动词词义辨析。句意：通过遵循这些自然节奏，人们相信可以达到内心的平和与和谐，这对过上健康和满意的生活至关重要。A. following跟随，遵循；B. keeping保持；C. noticing注意；D. staying停留。根据空后“it is believed that people can achieve a state of inner peace and harmony, which is essential for leading a healthy and ___14___ life”可知，此处指要遵循自然规律，就可以达到内心的平和与和谐。故选A。
37．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：通过遵循这些自然节奏，人们相信可以达到内心的平和与和谐，这对过上健康和满意的生活至关重要。A. brilliant杰出的；B. unforgettable难忘的；C. necessary必要的；D. satisfying满意的。根据空前“which is essential for leading a healthy”可知，内心和谐对于健康和满意的生活是重要的。故选D。
38．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些实践不仅有助于保护中国的文化遗产，而且也在人们的生活中促进和谐与平衡。A. protect保护；B. promote促进；C. preview预览；D. predict预测。根据上文“Nantian shows a blend of traditional practices, beliefs, and values that are unique to Chinese culture.”可知，这里指传统习俗和文化在人们生活中起到的积极作用，促进人们生活的和谐与平衡。故选B。
39．global 40．which 41．that 42．a 43．leaving 44．trapped 45．disasters 46．to prevent 47．Otherwise 48．difference
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要分析了全球平均气温上升的原因及其影响。
39．考查形容词。句意：是什么导致了全球平均地表温度的上升？作定语，用形容词global，意为“全球的”。故填global。
40．考查定语从句。句意：气候科学家认为，温室效应 —— 包括“自然的”和“人为的” —— 才是关键。空格处单词引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词greenhouse effect，指物，关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作主语，应使用关系代词which引导该从句。故填which。
41．考查强调句。句意：气候科学家认为，温室效应 —— 包括“自然的”和“人为的” —— 才是关键。句中使用了强调句型，强调句结构为“It + is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who + 句子其它部分”，在强调句中，当被强调部分是人时，可以使用who/that，强调物时，使用that；本句中强调的是原句主语“the greenhouse effect, which includes ‘natural’ and ‘man-made’”，句子其它部分由that引出。故填that。
42．考查冠词。句意：“人为的”温室效应已经成为一个大问题。可数名词problem在句中表示“一个问题”，泛指，big发音以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a修饰。故填a。
43．考查非谓语动词。句意：人类燃烧化石燃料产生了大量的温室气体，使更多的热能滞留在大气中。“(leave) more heat energy (trap) in the atmosphere”作结果状语，leave(使)是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语huge amounts of green-house gases之间是主动关系，用现在分词表主动。故填leaving。
44．考查非谓语动词。句意：人类燃烧化石燃料产生了大量的温室气体，使更多的热能滞留在大气中。“(trap) in the atmosphere”作宾语补足语，trap(把……困在)是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语more heat energy之间是被动关系，用过去分词表被动。故填trapped。
45．考查名词。句意：气温上升导致极端天气和自然灾害增加。作宾语，用名词disaster，结合句意，气温上升导致的自然灾害是各种各样的，用复数名词。故填disasters。
46．考查非谓语动词。句意：应该采取适当的措施来防止它。take actions to do...是固定搭配，意为“采取行动去做某事”，句中使用了其被动语态actions be taken to do...，用不定式作主语补足语。故填to prevent。
47．考查副词。句意：否则，将付出更高的代价。上文提出应该采取适当的措施来防止气温上升。根据下文“there will be a higher price to pay(将要付出更大的代价)”可推知，设空处是假设的条件：如果不采取适当的措施来防止气温上升。可用副词otherwise表示，意为“否则”，相当于一个条件句，句首单词首字母大写。故填Otherwise。
48．考查名词。句意：政府应该制定政策并采取措施减少温室气体排放，个人也可以通过限制我们的生活方式产生的二氧化碳量来发挥作用。make a difference是固定短语，意为“产生影响；发挥作用”。故填difference。
49．Notice
To help us learn more about global warming and increase our awareness of environmental protection, our school will invite Mr Fred, an environmental expert to give us a lecture.
It’s going to be held in the school lecture hall from 3:00 to 5:00 on Friday afternoon. In the lecture, he’ll first analyze the causes of global warming and the consequences it will lead to. Then, he’ll introduce some measures we can take to deal with this problem. After that, we can also come up with our suggestions about it.
Please arrive on time.
The Students’ Union
【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文。环保专家Mr Fred来校做一场有关“Global Warming”的知识讲座，要求考生就此写一则英文通知。
【详解】1.词汇积累
了解：learn→know
处理：deal with→do with
提出：come up with→put forward
导致：lead to→bring about
2.句式拓展
同义句转换
原句：To help us learn more about global warming and increase our awareness of environmental protection, our school will invite Mr Fred, an environmental expert to give us a lecture.
拓展句：Our school will invite Mr Fred, an environmental expert to give us a lecture so that we can learn more about global warming and increase our awareness of environmental protection.
【点睛】【高分句型1】
To help us learn more about global warming and increase our awareness of environmental protection, our school will invite Mr Fred, an environmental expert to give us a lecture. (运用了动词不定式作目的状语)
【高分句型2】
Then, he’ll introduce some measures we can take to deal with this problem.(运用了省略关系代词that或者which的定语从句，先行词是measures)
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