Unit 1 Past and Present导学案（5课时）牛津译林版英语八年级下册

八下 Unit 1 Welcome to the unit (编号:01)
班级___________ 姓名____________
学习目标：
1. 了解北京不同时代的交通工具。
2. 谈论自己、家人和朋友过去和现在使用的不同交通工具。
3. 初步认识现在完成时的结构。
学习重难点：
1.不用时代的交通工具。
2.了解现在完成时的概念和基本结构。
3.used to，too many/too much等易错短语的用法。
学习过程：
【问题初探】
【重点词组】（预习课本P6-7完成）
1. 一小时前 ___________________________2. 饥饿 _____________________________
3. 和某人分享某物 ___________________ 4. 对某人和善 ___________________________
5. 在不同的时代 _____________________6. 不同时代的交通运输 ____________________
7. 上学 ____________________________8. 乘公共汽车 ____________________________
【问题再探】
Welcome to the unit
Ⅰ. Millie and her dad are talking about transport at different times. Listen and complete the form.
Dad Millie
Go to school By ____. By ____.
Why or why not take a bus There were ____ ______ people and it took a _____ _____ to wait. It’s _____ and _____.
Ⅱ. 词组辨析小练习
( ) 1. In the past he usually went out with his parents, but now he ______ staying at home alone.
A. is used to B. was used to C. uses to D. used to
( ) 2. Jeremy Lin(林书豪) _ an unknown basketball player in New York Knicks for quite a long time.
A. is used to be B. used to being C. used to be D. was used to be
( ) 3. The wood __________ desks and chairs.
A. is used to make B. used to make C. is used to making D. used to makes
Ⅲ. Welcome to the unit要点归纳
1. transport at different times “不同时代的交通工具”
2. different forms of transport “不同(类型)的交通方式”
3. take turns to do sth “依次/轮流做某事”
4. go around the city “环游城市”
5. used to do sth. “过去常常做某事”，暗含“现在不再”之意，后接动词原形，
疑问形式可以直接将used提到句首，或者借助助动词did；
否定式可以直接在used后面加not，或者用didn’t。
区别：used to do sth. “过去常常做某事” I used to go to school by bus.
be/get used to doing sth. “习惯于做某事” I am used to living here now.
be used to do sth. “被用来做某事”
6. Why didn’t you do sth “你为什么不做某事呢？”
7. too many意为“太多”，修饰可数名词复数。too much同样表示“太多”，修饰不可数名词。
much too意为“太”，用来修饰形容词和副词，表示程度。
例如：There are too many books in the box. I have too much homework to do today. It’s much too hot today.
8. It takes/took (sb) some time to do sth. 意为“花费（某人）多长时间做某事”，
it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式。例如：It took me three hours to finish the housework.
9. wait for sb./sth. “等待某人/某物”，wait to do sth.“等待做某事”，can’t wait to do sth. “迫不及待做某事”。
例如：They are waiting for the bus. The children can’t wait to open the present box.
10. go to school by bus = take a bus to school take+a/the+表示交通工具的名词，在句中作谓语。
by+表示交通工具的名词，或者介词in/on+表示交通工具的名词，在句中作状语。
例如：He takes a bus to school.= He goes to school by bus. = He goes to school on a bus.
Comic strip
Ⅰ. Read and answer the questions:
Where was Hobo’s food an hour ago
2. What has happened to Hobo’s food
3. What does Hobo think of Eddie
Ⅱ. Comic strip要点归纳
1. 现在完成时的结构和用法： 主语 + have/has + p.p.(过去分词)
① They have changed in the past ten years.（表示从过去到现在的动作或状态。）② She has had lunch.(She is full now.)
（表示动作已完成但对现在有一定影响。）
2. past ① n. 过去，以前 in the past “在过去”② adj. 过去的，以前的 in the past few years “在过去的几年里”
③ prep. 经过 walk past the post office “走过邮局”
3. present① n. 目前，现在; 礼物 at present 目前，现在 a birthday present 一件生日礼物
② adj. 现在的; 目前的 at the present time 目前，现在
4. an hour ago
5. just “刚才”， 常用在现在完成时肯定句中。
just now “刚才”(= a moment ago)，用于一般过去时.e.g. I have just finished my homework. I went to the library just now.
6. share sth with sb与某人共享某物”。 例如：He shares a room with his twin brother.
Ⅲ. Fill in the blanks（根据Comic strip对话，完成短文）.
Hobo’s food ____ in the _____ an hour ago. But it isn’t there now. Why Eddie has just ______ it because he was ______. Hobo thinks Eddie has _________ and he is not _____ now because he ______ ___ share food with Hobo.
【问题提升】
Ⅰ.用所给动词的适当形式填空：
I _______ (meet) Mary in the park two weeks ago.
2. I have just _________ (meet) Mary .
3. I have never ________ (see) such a beautiful building before.
4. Tom used to _______ (be) an English teacher.
5. We used to ________ (swim) every day when we were children.
6. Our classroom is clean and tidy. Who _____________ (clean) it
Ⅱ.单项选择：
1. --- How did you go to Lijiang for a trip last summer --- ____ . It was very fast but a little expensive.
A. Take the bus B. By bus C. Take the plane D. By plane
2. It only _______ Andy half an hour ______ to school every day last term.
A. takes; to ride B. took; to walk C. cost; walk D. spent; to ride
3. --- I have ______ finished my homework . What about you --- I finished it ______.
A. just; just B. just now; just now C. just; just now D. just now; just
4. --- Lucy, why are you watching TV again --- Because I ________ my homework.
A. finish B. finished C. have finished D. will finished
【课后固学】
A.《配套作业》 Ex1-3
B.《配套作业》 Ex4-5
八下 Unit 1 Reading 1 (编号：02)
班级___________ 姓名____________
学习目标：
1. To know the changes in Sunshine Town
2. To compare and describe the differences between present and past in Sunshine Town.
3. To lead students to think about the changes in our hometown.
学习重难点：
To get the main idea and some detailed information of the interview.
学习过程：
【问题初探】
预习P8-P9的内容，根据中文写出单词或词组。
1. 曾经adv. ________________ 2. 已婚的，结婚的adj. _____________
3. 妻子n. _______________ 4.街区n. __________________
5. 在…期prep. _______________ 6.污染；污染物n. _______________
7. 工厂n. __________________ 8.废料；废品n. __________________
9.意识到；vt. & vi. ______________10. 改进，改善vt. & vi.____________
11. 形势，情况n. _______________12.不时，有时，偶尔 ______________
【问题再探】
回答问题。
Who did Millie interview _________________
The changes to Sunshine Town In the past At present
What they had/have in the town Some small ________, shops,a small _____and a_______. A________,a large______and a__________.
Water pollution The water pollution was terrible. The steel factory ___ waste ______ the river. The river is much______.
Feeling It was_____ to see his friends. _____, life is better. But he feels a bit_____from____
【问题提升】
一．根据句子意思，用括号中所给的适当形式填空。
1. Nothing is (possible) if you put your heart into it.
2. Suzhou lies in the _______________ (south) part of our province.
3. My teacher (teach) in this school for ten years.
4. Water (pollute) was a serious problem then.
5. The river is much （clean）than before.
6. It’s nice (have) pretty gardens.
7. Prince William got ____________ (marry) last year.
8. _______your school_______(change) a lot over the years
9. My uncle used to (be ) a driver, but now he is a worker.
10.It is wrong ____________ (throw) food to animals in the zoo.
11. How ____________ (good) do you know Beijing
12. My mother ____________ (wash) clothes when I came back last night.
13.I can’t find my watch. Who ____________ (take) it
14. ---Can you tell me something about the film Titanic
--- Sorry. I _____ (know) nothing about it because I _______ (not see) it yet.
15.---Have you heard from her recently ---Yes, I______ (receive) one yesterday.
二、单项选择
( ) 1.—John, you ___ the computer game for two hours. It’s bad for your eyes. Stop, please! — OK, Mum.
A. played B. have played C. were playing D. play
( ) 2. I am very _______ to have such a _______ trip.
pleased; pleasing B. pleased; pleasant
C. pleased; pleased D.pleasant; pleased
( ) 3. Mr. Smith ______in Nanjing since he ____ to China years ago.
worked; has moved B. has worked; has moved
C. has worked; moved D. was working; moved
( ) 4. ---Would you like to go to see the dolphin show with me ---I’d like to, but I _______ it.
A. saw B. will see C. see D. have seen
( )5 . — Oh, Mrs. King, your necklace looks nice. Is it new — No, I ____ it for two years.
had B. have had C. bought D. buy
( ) 6. I haven’t seen you _____ last Friday.
A. for B. since C. from D. on
【课后固学】
A.《配套作业》 Ex1-3
B.《配套作业》 Ex4-5
八下 Unit 1 Reading 2 (编号：03)
班级___________ 姓名____________
学习目标：
1.了解阳光镇的变化情况。
2.对比阳光镇现在与过去的不同之处，并进行描述。
学习重难点：了解采访的方式和方法，以及谈论城市变迁时可用的各种表达。
学习过程：
【问题初探】
一、预习P8-P11的内容，根据中文写出单词。
1. 自...以来________________ 2. 曾经_____________________
3. 已婚的_________________ 4. 废品 ___________________
5. 意识到_________________ 6. 改善 ___________________
7. 不可能的_______________ 8. 孤独的 _______________
9. 尽管___________________ 10. 采访 ___________________
二、预习P8-P11的内容，翻译下列短语。
1. 在这些年里 ___________________ 2. 把...变成... __________________
3. 镇中心 _______________________ 4. 更干净 ____________________
5. 从某些方面来说 _______________ 6. 采取措施 __________________
7. 感到孤单 _____________________ 8. 有时 ______________________
【问题再探】
1. He first lived in the northern part of town. 他一开始住在镇北部。
同义句He first lived in the north of town.in the northern part of ...=in the north of ... 在...北部
in the southern part of ...=in the south of ... 在...南部
in the eastern part of ...=in the east of ... 在...东部
in the western part of ...=in the west of ... 在...西部
例如： 江苏省在中国的东部。
Jiangsu Province is in the _____ of China.
Jiangsu Province is in the ______ part of China.
He got married in 1965. 他1965年结婚的。
marry sb 嫁给某人；与......结婚
be/get married to sb 与某人结婚
例如：(1)She got married ____ a doctor three years ago.A.with B. for C. to D. of
(2)Tom _____ a woman teacher a month ago. A. has been married B. married C. got married with D. has married
例如：汤姆和桑迪去年结婚的。
Tom and Sandy ________ last year.
Tom ________ Sandy last year.
Tom and Sandy _______ ________ last year.
Tom ________ ________ ___ Sandy last year.
3. They have lived in this area since then. 自从那以后他们一直住在这儿。
现在完成时+since+过去时间点/一段时间+ago/一般过去时从句
例如：(1) 我从出生以来一直住在这儿。 I ____ ____ here since __ ___ ____.
(2) 自从三年前以来他一直在这所学校教英语。He has taught English in this school since ___ ___ ___.
4. Luckily, the government realized the problem.幸运的是，镇府意识到了这个问题。
realize v. 意识到；实现(come true/make...come true)
例如：我将会实现我的梦想。
I will _______ my dream in the future.
I will ______ my dream _____ ____ in the future.
My dream will _____ ____in the future.
The government took action to improve the situation.镇府采取措施改善状况。take action to do sth. 采取措施
例如：We have to take action ______ them.A. to stop B. stopping C. stopped D. stop
improve v. 提高 improvement n. 提高
例如：We have______ our life with the________ of economy. (improve)
Mr Chen feels lonely from time to time. 陈先生有时感到孤单。
lonely adj. 孤独的，做表语，或做定语修饰名词alone adj. 一个人，只能做表语；adv. 做状语
例如：Although he lived ___ in a ___ mountain village, he didn't feel ___ at all.
A. alone; alone; lonely B. alone; lonely; lonely
C. lonely; lonely; alone D. lonely; alone; alone
【问题提升】
一、根据句意，用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。
1. In the past, there ________ (be) no people in this place. Now, the place _________ (turn) into a supermarket.
2. They __________ (live) in Nanjing since they __________ (move) to China.
3. Now many wives like their _____ (husband) to do more of the housework at home.
4. The boss ___________ (interview) twenty people for the job since last week.
5. Is water __________ (pollute) serious in your hometown
二、单项选择。
( ) 1. She has taught in the school _______ she came here in 2004.
A. when B. since C. before D. after
( ) 2. They didn’t _______ until they bought a new car.
A. be married B. get married C. marry to D. marrying
( ) 3. It’s very _______ to play _______ basketball with them.
A. pleasure; a B. pleased; the C. pleasant; / D. necessary; an
( ) 4. They moved here _______ 1990. They have lived here _______ 1990.
A. in; since B. since; for C. for; in D. at; since
( ) 5. ---Do you know Simon ---Yes, I _______ him for a long time.
A. knew B. have knew C. have known D. known
【课后固学】
A.《配套作业》 Ex1-3 B.《配套作业》 Ex4-5
八下 Unit 1 Grammar (编号：04)
班级___________ 姓名____________
学习目标：
1．通过预习，了解现在完成时的用法。
2．了解动词的过去分词。
3．了解常与现在完成时连用的时问表达方式。
学习重难点：
了解如何用现在完成时谈论发生在过去并与现在有联系的事情。
学习过程：
【问题初探】
现在完成时
1. 我们用现在完成时表示从过去持续到现在的动作或状态，或已完成的但对现在又一定影响的动作。其结构为“主语+have/ has+动词的过去分词+其他成分。”如：
He here since he came to Nanjing. (live)
否定句形式：主语+have/ has+ not+动词的过去分词+其他成分。
I my mobile phone. (not lose)
疑问句形式：---Have/ Has+主语+动词的过去分词+其他成分？
--- Yes, …have/ has. --- No, …haven’t/ hasn’t.
e.g.：--- _______ you _______ English before --- No, I _______ never _______ English. (learn)
2. 动词的过去分词的变化。
(1) 大多数动词的过去分词的变化形式同动词的过去式，可参照动词的过去式变化规则。
(2) 不规则动词的过去分词变化：（详见教材P122~123）
3. 现在完成时常和already、ever、just、never、recently、yet、so far、over the years、in the
past few years、many times等词以及“since+过去的时间点”、“for+时间段”引导的时
间状语连用。如：
他已经拿过两次一等奖了。 He first prize twice.
他还没有把那本书还给我。 He the book to me .
他从没去过长城。He the Great Wall.
注意：already常用于肯定句，意思是“已经”，而yet常用于否定句和疑问句，意思是“还”。
二）、一般过去式和现在完成时的区别
1.一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的事情或存在的状态，说话的侧重点在陈述过去发生的事情或状态。E.g.Tom was in China in 2008.(言下之意：除2008年外其他时间不一定在中国)
2. 现在完成时表示到说话时为止已经发生或完成（不一定结束）的动作或状态，强调造成的结果或对现在产生的影响。E.g.Tom has been in China since 2008.(言下之意：从2008年至今一直在中国，并有可能将来一直在中国)
【问题再探】
Step1.Lead-in
Step2.Presentation Work out the rule
现在完成时的构成: 助动词have (has）+ 过去分词
Step3. Task : Finish Part A on page 14。 Finish Part B on page 14
Step4: Adverbial of time
常与不确定的时间状语连用，如:already, never, ever, just, yet, before, so far, in the past few years等,表示“到目前为止”所发生的动作.
现在完成时的时间副词和时间短语:
(1). 副词already和yet。already一般用于肯定句中，yet一般用于否定句和 疑问句中。
“already” 用于现在完成时的肯定句中, “yet” 用于现在完成时的否定句和疑问句中.
Task one: 用already或yet填空
1.He has ________ visited many places in China.
2. Lily has had breakfast ___________.
3.Has she arrived _______
4.Have they come ________
5. The train hasn't arrived __________.
(2). 副词ever 和never。多用于否定或疑问句中，表示“曾经”或“从未“等
Task two: 选择already, yet, never, ever填空
—Have you______ seen the film —No. I have _______seen it.
2. —Has the bus left _____ —Yes. It has left________. No. It hasn’t left_______.
Finish Part C on page 15
(3). 用表示到说话为止的过去时间状语, 如 : just, before, recently等
【问题提升】
用所给词的适当形式填空。
1. I_______ already _______the film (see). I __________it last week. (see)
2. ---_______ he _________ his work today yet (finish) ---Not yet.
★3. ---_______you _________ to Hong Kong many times (be)
---Yes, I _______________there twice. (be)
4. ---_______ you ever ________chocolate sundaes (eat) ---No, never.
▲5. My father _______ just __________back from work. He is tired now. (come)
6. Zhenjiang____________ a lot over the years. Now it has become a modern city. (change)
7. Shanghai ___________ a large city in the past few years. (become)
8. So far he ______________a few friends here. (not make)
▲9. --- I ___________ the film “Chicken Run” recently. (see)
--- Where and when ________ you _______ it (see) --- Last week.
10. Mary __________ his parents for two years. She misses them very much. (not meet)
11. I ____________ (not want) to see the film because I ___________ (see) it with my parents.
12. They ___________in Zhengjiang since they were born. (live)
13. He owns a car. He is the _________(own) of his car.
14. The bus ________(arrive) here for 5 minutes, please hurry up.
15. They _________(build) many tall buildings in the past 5 years.
【课后固学】
A.《配套作业》 Ex1-3
B.《配套作业》 Ex4-5
八下 Unit 1 Integrated skills (编号：05)
班级___________ 姓名____________
学习目标：
1. 通过听录音，获取有关星光镇变化的具体信息
2. 根据获取的信息做笔记并完成日记
3. 简单谈论自己和朋友的过去和现在
学习重难点: 根据获取的信息做笔记并完成日记；简单谈论自己和朋友的过去和现在。
学习过程：
【问题初探】
一、阅读课本P15-16,找到并划出下列短语，把答案写在下面的横线上。
1. 干净又新鲜的空气_____________________2. 生活条件
3. 火车站 4. 进出小镇
5. 另一个大变化 6. 当地的人们 ________________________
7. 搬进新公寓 8. 在过去几年里_______________________
9. 从……回来 10. 互相最后一次见面
11. 去国外 12. 在小学
13. 保持联系 14. 通过电子邮件交流
【问题再探】
1.return vi.返回；归还
1.从香港 / 英国回来 __________________________
2.把书还给我_________________________________
2.last adv.最近，上一次,最后(和动词搭档）
1.上次见面_____________________________________
2.最近一次看电影___________________________
last adj.最近的，上一次的，最后的(修饰名词)
上周/ 去年/ 最近的新闻/ 最后的梦想 ________________________________________
3.abroad adv.到（在）国外
1.出国留学_______________________________________
2.乘船出国_________________________________
3.定居国外_________________________________
4.primary n.小学教育的；初级的
1.当地一所小学________________________________________
2.太多的小学生__________________________________
5.keep in touch保持联系
随时保持联系______________________________________
写信联系我___________________________________
电话联系他___________________________________
用QQ保持联系_______________________________
6.communicate vt/vi 交流，交际
communication n.交流，交际
1.They used to ___________ with each other at afternoon-tea.
2.-Their ____________ makes us surprised!
-Exactly! (确实)
【问题提升】
一、词汇运用。
1. People use more than words when they with each other. (交流)
2. Sandy went to the secondary school after finishing the school. (小学教育的)
3. Everyone should do something to protect the ___________. (环境)
4. I think the air in the country is much __________ than that in cities. (新鲜)
5. People didn’t protect the earth so our living__________ are getting worse and worse. (条件)
6. My family plans to travel ___________ next month. (在国外)
7. I haven't seen him since the meeting. (上一次的)
8. He had to r to his hometown to look after his older mother.
9. I’m afraid I can’t help you，I’m busy at p__________.
10. I’m sure he knew what he was doing. (exact)
二、单项选择。
( ) 1. --- Will you please ______me your bike There is something wrong with mine.
--- OK. Here it is.
A. lend B. borrow C. keep D. return
( ) 2. Now many people like ______ with each other on the Internet.
A. communicate B. communication C. to communicate D. to communication
( ) 3. We six days a week, but now we only work five days.
A. used work B. are used to work C. used to working D. used to work
( ) 4. --- have you lived here ---Since 1995.
A. How far B. How long C. How often D. How soon
( ) 5. There used to ________ a picture of a tiger on the wall.
A. have B. has C. is D. be
三、根据所给中文提示完成句子。
1. 在这些年里星光镇已经发生了很大的变化。
Starlight Town ________ ________ a lot ______ the years.
= Many ________ have ________ ________ in Starlight Town ________ the years.
= There ________ _______ many _______ in Starlight Town ______ the years.
【课后固学】
A.《配套作业》 Ex1-3
B.《配套作业》 Ex4-5
八下 Unit 1 Task (编号：06)
班级___________ 姓名____________
学习目标：
1. Learn to organize ideas by using a fact file before writing;
3. Write a report on the changes in their hometown;
4. Learn how to improve their writing.
学习重难点：
Write a report on the changes in their hometown.
学习过程：
【问题初探】
根据Part B，完成下面表格
Topic
Facts Past Present
Environment
Life
Transport
opinion
【问题再探】
一、根据Part B，完成Part C
二、根据Part C，完成下面表格
Paragraph Main idea Useful expressions
三、仿照Part C范例，修改李华的报告
Taizhou used to be a city with trees everywhere. It was very famous for its natural beauty and rich culture. However, it was less developed. But now, we can see many buildings and new roads. The government has built a new railway station. Yang-Tai Airport has been in service since 2012. The city subway is also being built. It’s exciting to see that Taizhou is becoming a modern city.
The air was fresh and clean. People lived in small old houses. Most of them moved into new flats. They used to listen to the radio or watch TV in their free time, but now most families have computers. They can surf the Internet. People can use cellphones to keep in touch with others. Moreover, a lot of people like travelling to different places during their holidays. Studying abroad has also been a dream of many students.
In the past, people could only travel by bus or bicycle. But now they can go around by bus, taxi, train or plane. In the near future, they can even travel by underground. It’s fast and convenient to travel to Taizhou.
【问题提升】
假设你的英文老师要求你以“My hometown”为题写一篇介绍你家乡的小短文，请根据所给的要点提示写一篇英文短文。内容要点如下：
1. 是个历史悠久的城市；
2. 多年前我们曾拥有蓝天白云，近年来发生了很大的变化；
3. 路上汽车越来越多，空气污染越来越糟，人们的健康不如以前。
4. 我们应该阻止工厂向河里排放废水，我们应该……（至少补充1句话）
5. 我相信我们的家乡将会变得越来越美丽。
注意：
1. 短文须包括所给内容要点，要求语句通顺、意思连贯；
2. 词数100字左右。
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【课后固学】
A.《配套作业》 Ex1-3
B.《配套作业》 Ex4-5