外研版（2024）七年级下册 Unit 3 Food matters必背语法笔记及练习（含答案）

外研版七年级下册 Unit 3《Food matters》必背语法笔记及练习
一、 系动词（Linking Verbs）
1. 定义：系动词用于连接主语和表语，描述主语的状态、特征或变化。
2. 分类及例句
- 状态系动词：
- `be`（am/is/are）
- The soup is hot.（汤很热。）
- 感官系动词：
- `look`（看起来）
- The cake looks delicious.（蛋糕看起来很好吃。）
- `taste`（尝起来）
- The pizza tastes spicy.（披萨尝起来很辣。）
- `smell`（闻起来）
- The flowers smell sweet.（花闻起来很香。）
- `sound`（听起来）
- The music sounds relaxing.（音乐听起来很放松。）
- `feel`（摸起来/感觉）
- The silk feels soft.（丝绸摸起来很柔软。）
3、变化系动词：
- `become`（变得）
- She became a chef last year.（她去年成为了一名厨师。）
- `get`（变得，多用于口语）
- The weather gets colder.（天气变冷了。）
- `turn`（转变，常用于颜色、天气变化）
- The leaves turn yellow in autumn.（树叶在秋天变黄。）
- `grow`（逐渐变化）
- He grew taller this year.（他今年长高了。）
4. 注意事项
- 系动词后接 形容词 作表语，而非副词。
The food tastes sweetly.（错误） The food tastes sweet.（正确）
- 系动词无被动语态，部分动词（如`be`, `look`, `taste`）可用于进行时态。
The dish is being tasted delicious.（错误） The dish is tasting delicious.（正确，表示“正在尝起来”）。
二、 until 的用法
基础结构
1. 肯定句 ：动作持续到某个时间点
结构 ：主句（延续性动词） + until + 时间点/从句
例句：I waited until 8 o'clock. （“等”这个动作持续到8点）
例句：She studied until her mother came back. （“学习”持续到妈妈回来）
2. 否定句 ：动作直到某个时间点才开始
结构 ：主句（瞬间动词） + not...until + 时间点/从句
例句：I didn't eat until my mom cooked. （“吃”这个动作直到妈妈做饭才开始）
例句：He won't leave until the rain stops. （“离开”要等到雨停后）
常见搭配与例句
1. until now/then （固定短语）
until now ：表示“直到现在”（强调过去到现在的持续）
例句：I haven’t told anyone until now . （现在才说出来）
until then ：表示“直到那时”
例句：Keep practicing until then . （坚持练习到那时）
2. until与before的区别
until ：强调动作持续到某个时间点
例句：I stayed here until the meeting ended. （会议结束前一直待着）
before ：仅表示时间顺序，不强调持续
例句：I left before the meeting ended. （会议结束前就离开了）
易错点解析
1. 主句动词类型
延续性动词 （如 wait, stay, study）可用于肯定句或否定句：
例句：She stayed in the kitchen until dinner was ready.
瞬间动词 （如 start, leave, finish） 只能用于否定句 ：
He left until 9 p.m.
He didn't leave until 9 p.m.
2. 时间点与时间段的混淆
until + 时间点（具体时刻）
例句：We played games until midnight.
for + 时间段（时长）
例句：We played games for three hours.
三、 比较级与相似性表达
more than （超过/多于）
例：There are more than ten ingredients in the recipe.
similar to （与……相似）
例：This dish is similar to the one my mother makes.
辨析
be similar to （相似） vs. be the same as （相同） vs. be different from （不同）
四、 动词不定式作目的状语
用 to do 或 in order to 表示动作目的：
例：She uses eggs to make pancakes.
例：We study hard in order to achieve our goals.
五、 重点句型与拓展
grow + 形容词 （变得……）
例：I always grow hungry thinking of the food.
see...as... （将……视为……）
例：Many people see it as a Western dessert.
练习题
一、单项选择题
The soup ______ delicious.
A. tastes B. taste C. tastedD. tasting
The warm memories ______ with me.
A. stay B. stays C. stayed D. staying
He didn’t come back ______ midnight.
A. until B. till C. when D. while
There are ______ ten ingredients（原料） in the recipe（食谱）.
A. more than B. much than C. many than D. most than
This dish is ______ the one my mother makes.
A. similar to B. same as C. different from D. similar as
She uses eggs ______ make pancakes.
A. to B. for C. in order to D. so
I always grow ______ thinking of the food.
A. Hungry B. hunger C. hungrier D. the hungriest
Many people see it ______ a Western dessert.
A. as B. like C. for D. to be
The pancake looks plain but ______ sweet.
A. taste B. tastes C. tasting D. tasted
The medicine ______ effective.
A. keep B. keeps C. remained D. Remain
There are ______ twenty students in the classroom.
A. more than B. similar to C. the same as D. different from
This picture is ______ that one. There are only a few differences.
A. more than B. similar to C. the same as D. different from
My bike is ______ yours, but mine is a little older.
A. more than B. similar to C. the same as D. different from
His idea is ______ mine. We think alike.
A. more than B. similar to C. the same as D. different from
The two dresses are ______ each other in style.
A. more than B. similar to C. the same as D. different from
She goes to the supermarket ______ some food.
A. buy B. to buy C. buying D. bought
We get up early ______ catch the first bus.
A. in order B. in order to C. to order D. order to
He studies hard ______ pass the exam.
A. to B. for C. in order D. so that
They exercise every day ______ keep healthy.
A. for B. to C. in order D. so
She practices singing every day ______ become a famous singer.
A. to B. for C. in order D. so that
There are ______ twenty students in the classroom.
A. more than B. similar to C. the same as D. different from
This picture is ______ that one. There are only a few differences.
A. more than B. similar to C. the same as D. different from
My bike is ______ yours, but mine is a little older.
A. more than B. similar to C. the same as D. different from
His idea is ______ mine. We think alike.
A. more than B. similar to C. the same as D. different from
The two dresses are ______ each other in style.
A. more than B. similar to C. the same as D. different from
二、句子填空题
The food ______ sweetly.（尝起来）
The soup ______ delicious.（闻起来）
The pancake looks plain but ______ sweet.（尝起来）
The warm memories ______ with me.（保持）
The medicine ______ effective.（仍然）
Cook the mixture until it ______ thick.（变得）
There are ______ ten ingredients in the recipe.（超过）
This dish is ______ to the one my mother makes.（相似）
She uses eggs ______ make pancakes.（为了）
I always grow ______ thinking of the food.（饥饿的）
答案解析：
一、单项选择题
1. A。soup是不可数名词，这里表示一般情况，用一般现在时，taste用第三人称单数形式tastes。
2. A。memories是复数，这里用一般现在时表示一般情况，用stay。
3. A。not...until是固定搭配，意为“直到……才”。
4. A。more than是固定短语，意为“超过”。
5. A。be similar to是固定搭配，意为“与……相似”；the same as才是正确表达“与……相同”，B选项少了the；be different from意为“与……不同”，不符合语境。
6. A。use sth. to do sth.表示“用某物做某事”。
7. A。grow在这里是系动词，后接形容词hungry。
8. A。see...as是固定搭配，意为“把……看作”。
9. B。主语是the pancake，是单数，且根据looks可知用一般现在时，taste用第三人称单数形式tastes。
10. C。medicine是不可数名词，这里根据语境用一般过去时更合适，用remained。
11. A。more than表示“超过”。
12. B。根据后面“只有一些不同”可知是相似，用similar to。
13. B。根据“但我的更旧一点”可知是相似，用similar to。
14. C。根据“We think alike”可知是想法一样，用the same as。
15. B。be similar to是固定搭配，这里表示两件裙子在风格上相似。
16. B。这里用动词不定式作目的状语，表示去超市的目的是买食物。
17. B。in order to是固定短语，意为“为了”，后接动词原形。
18. A。这里用to表示目的，“为了通过考试”。
19. B。用to表示目的，“为了保持健康”。
20. A。用to表示目的，“为了成为一名著名歌手”。
21. A。more than表示“超过”。
22. B。根据后面“只有一些不同”可知是相似，用similar to。
23. B。根据“但我的更旧一点”可知是相似，用similar to。
24. C。根据“We think alike”可知是想法一样，用the same as。
25. B。be similar to是固定搭配，这里表示两件裙子在风格上相似。
二、 句子填空题
26. tastes
27. smells
28. tastes
29. stay
30. remains
31. becomes
32. more than
33. similar
34. to
35. hungry