2025年牛津译林版英语中考专题复习课件：课题十二 句子种类 课件 (共24张PPT)

(共24张PPT)
2025年英语中考复习
课题十二 句子种类
句 法
聚焦中考
壹
英语语法知识包括词法知识和句法知识。词法关注词的形态变化，如名词的数、格，动词的时、态 (体)等；句法关注句子结构，如句子的种类、成分、语序等。词法和句法之间的关系非常紧密。句子种类是初中英语语法中要求学生掌握的基本语法之一。学生学习句子种类，需要做到以下几点。
1. 能够了解句子的类型；
2. 掌握陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句的含义、结构以及正确的用法。
核心知识点
贰
英语句子按照使用目的和交际功能，可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。
广西近三年中考对句子种类的考查较少。其中，祈使句主要考查肯定句和否定句的形式，感叹句主要考查what和how开头的句式，疑问句主要考查疑问词和答语。以上考查主要出现在单项选择和完形填空等题型中。
考点攻坚
叁
考点1 陈述句
陈述句用来说明事实或陈述看法。陈述句包括肯定句和否定句两种形式。
1. 陈述句的肯定形式：主语+谓语+其他。
They have a lot of good friends. 他们有很多好朋友。
2. 陈述句的否定形式。
(1)be的否定式 She is not a doctor. 她不是一个医生。
They were not playing football. 他们没有在踢足球。
(2)助动词、情态动词的否定式
The boy doesn’t watch TV at home. 那个男孩在家不看电视。
We can’t swim in the lake. 我们不能在湖里游泳。
(3)除not外，其他否定词也可以构成否定句。如：no、never、little、few、no one、nobody、nothing、neither of、none of、seldom、hardly、rarely, too…to…等。
考点2 疑问句
疑问句分为：一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句。
1. —般疑问句。用yes或no来回答的疑问句叫作一般疑问句。
—Is he from America 他来自美国吗？—Yes, he is. 是的，他是。
—Must I clean the classroom 我必须打扫教室吗？
—No, you needn’t. 不，你不需要
—Have you ever been to Beijing 你曾经去过北京吗？
—Yes, I have. 是的，我去过。
2. 特殊疑问句。以特殊疑问词开头，对句中某一成分提问的句子叫作特殊疑问句。特殊疑问句的结构较为简单，只需要选择恰当的特殊疑问词，再加上一般疑问句即可。常用的特殊疑问词有who、which、what、when、where、why、how、how long、how soon、how many、how much、how far、how often等。
3. 选择疑问句。选择疑问句是提供两种或两种以上的情况供对方选择的疑问句。选择疑问句不用yes或no回答，只要根据实际情况回答即可。选择疑问句可以分为一般选择疑问句和特殊选择疑问句两种情况。
(1)一般选择疑问句：一般疑问句+or+被选择部分？
—Do you like football or basketball 你喜欢足球还是篮球？
—I prefer basketball. 我更喜欢篮球。
(2)特殊选择疑问句：特殊疑问句，A or B
—Which season do you like better, spring or autumn
你更喜欢哪个季节，春季还是秋季？
—I like spring better. 我更喜欢春季。
4. 反意疑问句：反意疑问句由“陈述句+简略疑问句”组成，前一部分提出看法，后一部分提出质疑。句式为“肯定陈述句+否定疑问？”或“否定陈述句+肯定疑问？”
He likes sports, doesn’t he 他喜欢做运动，不是吗？
He hasn’t been to Beijing, has he 他没去过北京，是吗？
若陈述部分含有hardly、seldom、never、few、little、nothing、nobody等否定词，其疑问部分要用肯定式。
●通关必练
( )1. — books do you read every year —About fifty. I love reading.
A. How many B. How much C. How often
( )2. — are the red hat and the blue pants — 60 yuan.
A. How much B. How many C. How
( )3. — you any plans for the coming summer vacation
—Yes, I do. I plan to visit the Palace Museum in Beijing.
A. Do; have B. Does; have C. Did; have
( )4. — _____ was the car invented —It was invented in 1885.
A. When B. Where C. Who
( )5. He can hardly stay awake because he is so tired, ____
A. can he B. can’t he C. does he
A
A
A
A
A
考点3 祈使句
祈使句用来表达请求、命令、劝告、建议等。祈使句分为肯定形式和否定形式。
1. 祈使句的不同句型结构。
句型结构 示例
肯定结构 实义动词+其他 Open the door, please. 请打开门。
连系动词+其他 Be quiet, please. 请保持安静。
Let+sb+动词原形 Let me help you. 让我帮助你吧。
否定结构 在句首加don’t构成 Don’t smoke here. 不要在这里吸烟。
Don’t be late. 别迟到了。
Let的否定形式有两种： Let+sb+not+动词原形 Don’t+let+sb+动词原形 Let’s not waste the time.
咱们不要浪费时间。
Don’t let him know that. 别让他知道。
其他形式 用no开头，用来表示禁止的祈使句 No entry. 禁止进入。
No fishing. 禁止钓鱼。
2. 祈使句+and/or+陈述句。
Work hard, and you will make progress.
(=If you work hard, you will make progress.)
Hurry up, or you will be late.
(=If you don’t hurry up, you will be late.)
●通关必练
( )1. —Hurry up, Jim, we will miss the beginning of the concert.
—OK, Daddy. I’m coming.
A. so B. but C. or
( )2. to protect yourselves and it’s everyone’s duty to fight against school bullying (校园霸凌) .
A. To learn B. Learn C. Learning
( )3. Growing up is not easy, Tom. calm when you’re facing serious problems in life.
A. Staying B. To stay C. Stay
( )4. _______ walk on the grass.
A. Doesn’t B. Don’t C. Not
( )5. — ______ the dishes after dinner, Tony. —No problem, Mom.
A. Washing B. Wash C. To wash
C
B
C
B
B
考点4 感叹句
感叹句用来表示人们惊讶、喜悦和悲伤等强烈的情感。句末用感叹号，多用what和how引导，what修饰名词，how修饰形容词、副词和动词。
句型结构 示例
What 引导 What+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数形式+主语+谓语! What an interesting book it is!
这是一本多么有趣的书啊!
What+形容词+可数名词复数形式+主语+谓语! What beautiful flowers they are!
这些花多么美丽呀!
What+形容词+不可数名词主语+谓语! What good news it is!
这是多么好的消息呀!
How 引导 How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语! How interesting the book is!
这本书多么有趣啊!
How fast he runs! 他跑得真快呀!
How+主语+谓语! How time flies! 时间过得真快啊!
●通关必练
( )1. useful advice he offered on improving our social communicating ability, especially for us teenagers!
A. What B. What a C. How
( )2. —Have you watched the boat races this Dragon Boat Festival
—Yes. ______ wonderful races!
A. What a B. What C. How
( )3. —Doctors have successfully stopped the virus from spreading in this area. — proud we feel!
A. How B. How a C. What
( )4. —Our school volleyball team won the first prize last Friday.
—Wow, great news! A. what an B. how C. what
( )5. —Look! The children are playing in the swimming pool.
—_______ great fun they are having!
A. What B. How C. What a
A
B
A
C
A
靶向突破
肆
●提分必练
单项选择。
( )1. —There is nothing left in the fridge, ______
—Yes. Let’s go to the supermarket to buy some.
A. isn’t there B. is there C. is it
( )2. —Look at my new dress.
—Wow! ________ beautiful it is!
A. How B. What C. What a
( )3. _____ noise pollution, and we can live in a quiet environment.
A. Prevent B. To prevent C. Prevented
( )4. —He didn’t go to school, did he
—______, though he had a headache.
A. Yes, he did B. No, he didn’t C. Yes, he went
B
A
A
A
( )5. — hard, and your dream will come true. —Well, I’ll try my best.
A. Work B. To work C. Working
( )6. —The summer vacation is coming. Why don’t you go to the beach to enjoy the sunshine
—Sounds great. ______ good advice!
A. What B. What a C. How
( )7. —Daddy, why is swimming so hard —Dear, when you feel like giving up, and think about why you started.
A. stop B. stops C. stopping
( )8. —People choose high-speed train or self-driving to travel on holidays.
—_______ fast the traditional travel ways change!
A. What a B. What C. How
A
A
A
C
●真金火炼
( )1. (2024·桂林) — Henry, is your job —I’m a policeman.
A. how B. where C. what
( )2. (2023·南宁) — is it from your school to the Nature Museum
—About 3 kilometers.
A. How far B. How old C. How much
( )3. (2022·武汉) —Cindy, do you know Wan Buyan
— . He received the title “Role Model of the Times” in May, 2023.
A. Yes, there is B. Yes, he will C. Yes, Ido
( )4. (2023·郴州) —Can you speak English, Lingling —Yes, I .
A. must B. can C. should
C
A
C
B
单项选择。
(B)5. (2023·扬州) —Will she comeback soon —Yes, .
A. she is B. she will C. she does
( B )6. (2022·苏州) —China is becoming stronger and stronger. More and more foreign people are learning Chinese.
— proud we are! We don’t regret being Chinese.
A. What a B. How C. What D. How a
(B)7. (2024·太原) — is it from your home to school
—About ten kilometers.
A. What B. How far C. Where
(C)8. (2023·济南) — on this book, Lucy! —Sorry, I won’t.
A. Drawing B. Draw C. Don’t draw
(C )9. (2023·东莞) trying and encouraging yourself if you want to succeed in something.
A. To keep B. Keeping C. Keep
(C)10. (2023·南昌) — Hurry up, Jim, we will miss the beginning of the concert. —OK, Daddy. I’m coming.
A. so B. but C. or
知 识 梳 理
巩 固 训