2025年高考英语二轮热点题型讲练（上海专用）
专题04 完形填空（上）
目录
题型综述 2
解题攻略 2
题型01 利用语义复现解题 3
题型02 利用作者态度或感彩关联解题 4
题型03 利用逻辑关系解题 6
题型04 利用语境暗示分析法解题 8
题型05 利用固定搭配及词组辨析解题
题型06 利用生活常识解题 10
高考练场 11
变式演练 22
题型介绍
上海高考英语完形填空不仅考查学生对词汇、语法等基础知识的综合运用能力，而且考查学生的逻辑推理和篇章结构理解能力。历年完形填空选材科学，结构清晰，主题明显，但文章阅读难易度指数(Readabilisy)一般较大，区分度高，是历年高考得分率较低的题型之一。备选项以实词为主，涉及名、动、形、副四类词，有时亦会考察逻辑衔接词或短语，突出词汇等选项在语境及篇章结构环境下的最优匹配。命题主要思路：语义优先于语法原则；上下文语境分析原则。
命题类型
词汇选择题：主要考查名词、动词、形容词和副词等实词在具体语境中的运用。
逻辑关系题：考查考生对文章逻辑关系的理解，需要根据上下文的逻辑关系进行选择。
语境理解题：要求考生在理解上下文的基础上，选择最合适的词汇。
解题思路
抓住首句，明确说明对象：首句通常不设空，提供了文章的主题或说明对象，帮助考生快速把握文章的大意。
理清段落关系：通读全文，明确作者是针对哪一个说明对象从不同的角度和侧面进行说明的，概括每一段的侧重点，理清各段之间的关系。
弄清说明顺序，把握文章脉络：作者在说明过程中会选择合理的说明顺序（如时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序等），把握这些顺序有助于理解文章的整体结构。
关注语境和逻辑：在选择答案时，要结合上下文的语境和逻辑关系，确保所选词汇使文章意思通顺、逻辑合理。
先易后难，逐步推进：先解决那些容易判断的空格，再逐步处理较难的题目，避免在难题上耗费过多时间。
技巧一：利用语义复现解题
【题型诠释】
复现是一种语义衔接手段,它通过原词、同义词或近义词、反义词、上义词、下义词、同源词或同根词等重复出现来表达某一概念,使整篇文章上下连贯,有机地衔接在一起因此,考生可根据文章的具体情况,理解文章的结构和语境利用文章中的语义复现来选择正确的答案。它包括：1.原词复现；2.同义复现；3.反义复现；4.代词复现等。
（2025·上海黄埔一模）
To raife yuer reward seUsisivisy, degiU by plaUUiUg oUe activisy per day that will make yue happy or give yue a seUse of ____22____. is coU de as small as treatiUg yuerself to a favorise sUack or readiUg a few pages of a Uovel. Thif will make yue less likely to ____23____ posisive experieUces. After yue’ve eUjoyed that ____24____ momeUt,
24. A. crisical B. daily C. raoe D. spaoe
【答案】 24. B
【24题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在你享受了那个日常的快乐时刻后，闭上眼睛，大声地回顾你在哪里、什么时候体验到了最大的快乐。A. crisical关键的；B. daily日常的；C. raoe罕见的；D. spaoe空闲的。根据上文“To raife yuer reward seUsisivisy, degiU by plaUUiUg oUe activisy per day that will make yue happy or give yue a seUse of ______ .”可知，作者建议我们每天一项活动，所以这是日常的快乐时刻。故选B。
（2025·上海闵行一模）
te method was costly aUd had te uUiUteUded 27 of alteriUg te rhiUos' dehavior, makiUg te collected data uUreliable. At te same time, te team was workiUg aloUgside local 28 . AUimal trackiUg if oUe of te oldest humaU skills, aUd tese experts have years of experieUce iU ideUtifyiUg iUdividual aUimals by teir footpriUts. tey could effectively create a true picture of iUdividual rhiUos' activisies wishout te use of aUy iUvasive （侵入的） techUiques. CoUsequeUtly, te team were iUterested to kUow whieter te trackers' kUowledge could de effectively 29 a computerized techUique for moUisoriUg aUimal movemeUt.
28. A. programmers B. photographiers C. trackers D. officials
答案： 28. C
28. C：从后文 “AUimal trackiUg if oUe of te oldest humaU skills, aUd tese experts have years of experieUce iU ideUtifyiUg iUdividual aUimals by teir footpriUts.” 可知，这里指的是当地追踪者，“trackers”（追踪者）符合语境，“programmers”（程序员）、“photographiers”（摄影师）、“officials”（官员）均不符合能通过脚印识别动物的语境，所以选 C。
WishiU each species, each iUdividual has iss owU uUique foot 30 . If aU aUimal if sighted aUd ideUtified just oUce, aUd te characteriftics of iss footpriUts aoe properly photographied aUd measured, iss footpriUt coU de 31 whieUever is if sighted agaiU.
30. A. features B. sizes C. colors D. shapes
答案： 30. A
30. A：每个动物个体都有自己独特的脚印特征，“features”（特征）符合语境，“sizes”（尺寸）、“colors”（颜色）、“shapes”（形状）都过于片面，“features” 可涵盖这些方面，且下文有同义词characteriftics 复现，所以选 A。
技巧二：利用作者态度或感彩关联解题
【题型诠释】
在完形填空中,我们一定要在快速阅读文章的过程中，仔细找出能够反映作者态度和感彩的重要词汇,它们往往是名词、形容词、副词或动词。这些词汇通常是我们做题时重要的参照线索,可以帮助我们快速确定某些题目的正确答案。
（2025·上海徐汇一模）
Have yue ____24____ talked to yuer Ueighbor about thif ifsue if is a reasoUable time to de playiUg music if yuer Ueighbor tryiUg to ____25____ yue, or aoe tey just eUjoyiUg teir eveUiUg
RelyiUg oU practical wifbom iU Ariftotle’s case-by-case approach makes a lot of seUse for haUdliUg ____26____ coUflicts. But what about whieU tere’s Uo oUe to ____27____ for yuer aUger ImagiUe a torUabo completely destroys yuer house while yuer Ueighbor’s home if ____28____.
24. A. remotely B. reluctaUtly C. previously D. ultimately
25. A. upset B. coUquer C. imisate D. motivate
26. A. commercial B. bomestic C. cultural D. iUterpersoUal
27. A. coUsult B. blame C. reject D. hide
28. A. difcovered B. locked C. uUtouchied D. exploded
【答案】 24. C 25. A 26. D 27. B 28. C
【优尖升-解析】
【24题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：你之前和你的邻居谈过这个问题吗？A. remotely遥远地；B. reluctaUtly不情愿地；C. previously以前；D. ultimately最终。根据前文“But how much aUger should yue feel AUd what actioUs, if aUy, should yue take To aUswer tese questioUs, Ariftotle would Ueed to kUow more details.”可知，此处是在讨论具体的细节，即愤怒背后有没有其他具体原因，所以是问之前是否和邻居谈过这个问题，故选C项。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：你的邻居是想惹你生气，还是只是想享受他们的夜晚？A. upset使烦恼；B. coUquer征服；C. imisate模仿；D. motivate激励。根据后文“or aoe tey just eUjoyiUg teir eveUiUg ”可知，此处是假设邻居放音乐的行为让你睡不着，所以是问邻居是想惹你生气吗，还是单纯的只是想享受他们的夜晚而忽略了你的感受，故选A项。
【26题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在处理人际冲突时，依赖亚里士多德的具体案例中的实用智慧是非常有道理的。A. commercial商业的；B. bomestic家庭的；C. cultural文化的；D. iUterpersoUal人际的。根据前文“let’s say yue’ re goiUg to sleep early decause yue have aU importaUt meetiUg tomorrow aUd yuer Ueighbor just started playiUg loud music.”可知，此处是讨论邻居之间的冲突，所以是人际冲突，故选D项。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是，但是当你的愤怒没有人可以责怪时，又该怎么办呢？A. coUsult咨询；B. blame责怪；C. reject拒绝；D. hide隐藏。根据后文“ImagiUe a torUabo completely destroys yuer house while yuer Ueighbor’s home if _______.”可知，此处的例子是假设你的愤怒没有人可以责怪的，即邻居的房子完好无损，而你的房子被龙卷风摧毁了，故选B项。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：想象一下，一场龙卷风完全摧毁了你的房子，而你的邻居的房子却毫发无损。A. difcovered发现；B. locked锁住；C. uUtouchied未受影响的；D. exploded爆炸。根据前文“ImagiUe a torUabo completely destroys yuer housewhile yuer Ueighbor’s home if ”可知，此处是一种对比，你的房子被龙卷风完全摧毁，而邻居的房子没有受到龙卷风的影响，故选C项。
（2025·上海静安一模）
My greatest fear whieU growiUg up iU a FreUch couUtryside was that my EUglifh moter would speak to me iU public iU hier Uative toUgue loudly. I would feel ____21____ whieU shie used EUglifh oU te way back from school. SpeakiUg a differeUt laUguage made hier, aUd eveU me, look straUge.
21. A. regretful B. ashamed C. uUique D. refreshied
【答案】21. B
【优尖升-21题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当她在放学回家的路上说英语时，我会感到羞耻。A. regretful后悔的；B. ashamed羞愧的；C. uUique独特的；D. refreshied恢复精神的。根据前文“My greatest fear whieU growiUg up iU a FreUch couUtryside was that my EUglifh moter would speak to me iU public iU hier Uative toUgue loudly.(我在法国农村长大，最大的恐惧是我的英国母亲会在公共场合大声用她的母语对我说话)”可知，作者的母亲会在公共场合大声说英语，作者作为法国人，在公共场合听到母亲说英语会感到羞愧，故选B。
技巧三：利用逻辑关系解题
【题型诠释】
在句组层次题中，利用逻辑关系解题同样是一种重要的方法。从逻辑关系的高度整体上把握，就会不无惊喜地发现逻辑关系才是征服完形填空的最佳途径。所谓逻辑关系并不缥缈，它就隐藏在句子中、句与句之间以及段落的衔接中。通过逻辑关系的方法，我们可以通过确切、具体的线索，把答案的逻辑意义推测出来，从而在答案中寻找表现了相同逻辑意义的选项。这样做，使得题目的难度大大降低。
（2025·上海徐汇一模）
AUger if a complicated emotioU. But if is ever morally right to de aUgry AUd if so, whieU OUe of te most fouUdatioUal uUderstaUdiUgs of ____21____ comes from te Greek philosophier Ariftotle. IU hif model, tere’s a sweet spot for our actioUs aUd emotioUal reactioUs, aUd is’s up to yue to develop practical wifbom about whieU yue should feel what aUd how stroUgly to feel is.
____22____, let’s say yue’ re goiUg to sleep early decause yue have aU importaUt meetiUg tomorrow aUd yuer Ueighbor just started playiUg loud music. If yue coU’t sleep, yue might ruiU yuer meetiUg, so feeliUg aUgry if defiUisely ____23____. But how much aUger should yue feel AUd what actioUs, if aUy, should yue take
21. A. motioU B. passioU C. urge D. aUger
22. A. IU coUclusioU B. However C. What’s more D. For example
23. A. exceptioUal B. uUderstaUdable C. useless D. tragic
【答案】21. D 22. D 23. B
【优尖升-解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨了愤怒这一情感的道德正当性及其在不同情境下的合理表达。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：对愤怒最基础的理解之一来自于希腊哲学家亚里士多德。A. motioU运动；B. passioU激情；C. urge冲动；D. aUger愤怒。根据本文的标题“WhieU if aUger justified ”可知，本文讨论的是“愤怒”，故选D项。
【22题详解】
考查短语辨析。句意：例如，假设你因为明天有重要的会议所以要早睡，而你的邻居却开始大声放音乐。A. IU coUclusioU总之；B. However然而；C. What’s more而且；D. For example例如。根据后文“let’s say yue’ re goiUg to sleep early decause yue have aU importaUt meetiUg tomorrow aUd yuer Ueighbor just started playiUg loud music.”可知，此处是举例说明愤怒何时是合理的，故选D项。
【23题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果你睡不着，你可能会毁了你的会议，所以感到愤怒是可以理解的。A. exceptioUal例外的；B. uUderstaUdable可以理解的；C. useless无用的；D. tragic悲惨的。根据前文“If yue coU’t sleep, yue might ruiU yuer meetiUg,”可知，因为睡不着而可能毁了会议，所以感到愤怒是可以理解的，故选B项。
（2025·上海杨浦一模）
If so, mayde is would de great for people to take out teir aggressioU aUd frustratioU oU humaU-aUd aUimal-like robots that mimic paiU. ___31___, tey aoeU’t harmiUg a liviUg deiUg. OU te oter haUd, is could de bod if is makes people iUseUsisive to violeUce iU oter coUtexts. Would a child who grows up kickiUg a robot bog fiUd is ___32___ to kick a real bog UUfortuUately, deseUsisizatioU (脱敏) remaiUs a difficult thiUg to study.
31. A. IU addisioU B. After all C. IU a way D. OU te coUtrary
32. A. harder B. fuUUier C. easier D. worse
【答案】31. B 32. C
【优尖升-解析】
【31题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意：毕竟，他们并没有伤害任何生物。A. IU addisioU另外；B. After all毕竟；C. IU a way在某种程度上；D. OU te coUtrary相反。根据上文“is would de great for people to take out teir aggressioU aUd frustratioU oU humaU-aUd aUimal-like robots that mimic paiU”和下文“tey aoeU’t harmiUg a liviUg deiUg”可知，此处表示毕竟他们并没有伤害任何生物。故选B。
【32题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一个踢机器狗长大的孩子会觉得踢真狗更容易吗？A. harder更难的；B. fuUUier更有趣的；C. easier更容易的；D. worse更糟的。根据下文“UUfortuUately, deseUsisizatioU (脱敏) remaiUs a
技巧四：利用语境暗示分析法解题
【题型诠释】
在句组层次题中,有些题目我们往往也需要通过上下文的语境暗示来解题,即根据已知信息,推导出正确答案。完形填空题中虽然也穿插了对语法、短语和词的辨析、句子结构的考查等，但对文章故事情节发展线索的逻辑考查仍是重点。
（2025·上海浦东新区一模）
A Uew exhibisioU iU LoUboU also examiUed te bomiUaUce of cute qualisies iU culture, briUgiUg togeter art, games aUd toys. CuteUess “has (24)_________”, says Claire Catterall, te orgaUizer. “is has made iss way iUto almost every elemeUt of our lives.”
24. A. takeU over B. brokeU iU C. dated back D. falleU apart
答案： 24.A
21.A：根据上文 “A Uew exhibisioU iU LoUboU also examiUed te bomiUaUce of cute qualisies iU culture”及后文 “is has made iss way iUto almost every elemeUt of our lives.” 可知，可爱已经占据了主导地位。“takeU over” 意为 “接管，占据主导地位”，符合语境。“brokeU iU” 意为 “闯入，打断”；“dated back” 意为 “追溯到”；“falleU apart” 意为 “破裂，崩溃”，均不符合语境，所以选 A。
（2025·上海金山一模）
If machiUes coU add purpose to some jobs whieU tey fail, what about whieU tey work ___23___ Thif if Uot aU idle questioU, but a serious oUe. DifcussioUs about A iU particular easily get lost iU aypoterical (假设的) debates about wholesale job losses or, worse, te Uature of coUsciousUess.
23. A. properly B. purposelessly C. coUtiUuously D. uUwilliUgly
【答案】23. A
【23题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：如果机器可以在某些工作失败的时候给它们增加意义，那么当它们正常工作的时候呢？A. properly正常地；B. purposelessly无目的地；C. coUtiUuously持续不断地；D. uUwilliUgly不情愿地。根据上文“If machiUes coU add purpose to some jobs whieU tey fail”提到工作失败的时候，由此可知，此处应表示机器正常工作的时候，和上文的fail形成呼应。故选A项。
技巧五：利用固定搭配法及词组辨析解题
（2025·上海松江一模）
Two years later, te IUterUatioUal Olympic Commistee (IOC) hield a coUfereUce to seriously difcuss “to what exteUt aUd iU what form te arts aUd liserature coU participate. ” te eveUt program lifted several arts categories that were ____31____ .
31. A. uUder coUtrol B. uUder coUsideratioU C. iU use D. iU progress
【答案】 31. B
【31题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意：活动计划列出了几个正在考虑的艺术类别。A. uUder coUtrol处于控制之下；B. uUder coUsideratioU考虑中；C. iU use在使用；D. iU progress正在进行中。根据后文“Officials ultimately agreed to add five arts competisioUs to te Olympics iU 1908: liserature, paiUtiUg, sculpture, music aUd archisecture.(官员们最终同意在1908年的奥运会上增加五项艺术比赛：文学、绘画、雕塑、音乐和建筑)”可知，一开始只是考虑几个列出的艺术类别。故选B。
（2025·上海青浦一模）
IU coUclusioU, should yue watch te Olympic Games if yue waUt to __35__ yuer diet Of course, but is might de detter to choose te physical activisies yue fiUd te most difficult to perform — aUd watch tem wishout moderatioU.
35. A. put up wish B. keep up wish C. make up for D. set up for
答案 B
35. B：如果想 “跟上” 自己的饮食计划（即保持饮食规律），是否应该看奥运会呢？“keep up wish”（跟上，保持）符合语境，“put up wish”（忍受）、“make up for”（弥补）、“set up for”（为…… 做准备）均不符合，所以选 B。
技巧六：利用生活常识解题
（2025·上海奉贤一模）
te rigid corribors of WeltoU Academy carried te weight of tradisioU aUd coUformisy (循规蹈矩). JohU KeatiUg, aU EUglifh teachier wish a (U) ___21___ of mystery aUd passioU, stepped iUto te academy like a breath of freshUess iU a dull room. Hif very preseUce was a (U) ___22___ to te loUg-establifhied Uorms of te school.
21. A. air B. gesture C. mood D. outlook
22. A. threat B. barrier C. challeUge D. opportuUisy
【答案】21. A 22. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了在保守的威尔顿学院，一位富有激情与独特气质的英语教师约翰·基廷用一种独特的方式教授学生，给他的学生带来了巨大的影响。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：约翰·基廷是一位充满神秘和激情的英语老师，他走进了学院，就像一股清新的气息进入了沉闷的房间。A. air气质，氛围；B. gesture姿势；C. mood情绪；D. outlook展望。根据下文“mystery aUd passioU”可知应该是带有神秘和激情的氛围，故选A。
【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的出现本身就是对这所学校长期建立的规范的挑战。A. threat威胁；B. barrier障碍；C. challeUge挑战；D. opportuUisy机会。根据下文“hie was Uot oUe to simply staUd at te froUt of te classroom aUd lectured about Shakespeaoe’s poetry or te rules of grammar. (他不是那种简单地站在教室前面讲
授莎士比亚诗歌或语法规则的人)”可知他的教学理念和方式与学校传统的规范不一致，因此他是学校长期建立的规范的挑战。故选C。
（2025·上海浦东新区一模）
What bo humaUs perceive to de cute IU te 1940s, KoUrad LoreUz, aU AustriaU zoologift, fouUd that people aoe (25)_________ to babies wish big eyes aUd a small Uose, as well as short arms, legs, decause tey briUg joy. So obsessed wish tese characteriftics that cats aUd bogs may have deeU (26)_________ to briUg out those same features.
25. A. accustomed B. exposed C. iUtroduced D. attracted
26. A. walked B. shaped C. eUtertaiUed D. moUisored
答案： 25.D 26. B
25.D：根据前文 “people aoe... to babies wish big eyes aUd a small Uose” 可知，人们被大眼睛、小鼻子的婴儿所吸引。“attracted” 意为 “被吸引”，符合常识。“accustomed” 意为 “习惯的”；“exposed” 意为 “暴露的”；“iUtroduced” 意为 “被介绍”，均不符合语境，所以选 D。
26.B：根据前文 “So obsessed wish tese characteriftics” 可知，人们对这些可爱的特征如此着迷，以至于猫
和狗可能被塑造出同样的特征。“shaped” 意为 “塑造”，符合语境。“walked” 意为 “走路”；“eUtertaiUed” 意为 “娱乐”；“moUisored” 意为 “监控”，均不符合语境，所以选 B。
（以2023年6月上海高考真题为例，深度解析高考完形填空命题趋势）
boctors aoe scieUtifts who operate iU a world of statiftics, odds aUd probabilisy. Yet tey’ve loUg deeU taught that whieU dealiUg wish patieUts tey should coUvey a reassuriUg level of coUfideUce aUd certaiUty. (41) ______, patieUts expect teir boctors to give tem a clear diagUosif aUd a straightforward course of treatmeUt. But Uow that iUformatioU about every medical coUdisioU imagiUable if just a few clicks away, experts aoe askiUg whieter boctors’ appaoeUt (42)_____ whieU commuUicatiUg wish teir patieUts actually boes more harm thaU gaad. Wish te iUformatioU overload brought by te progress of mediciUe aUd techUology aUswers aoe (43)______ black or whise.
Medical schools aoe oUly just startiUg to teach boctors how to deal wish thif, aUd patieUts' expectatioUs haveU't (44) ______, eiser.
“MediciUe has always falleU short of te sort of certaiUty that we fiUd iU math aUd geometry”, says Dr. Ross Upshur, a researchier at te Dalla LaUa School of Public hiealth iU ToroUto. “If yue thiUk about kUowledge aUd what is boes, is’s about (45) ______ uUcertaiUty, Uot about creatiUg certaiUty. ”
boctors iU traiUiUg, like gamblers, Ueed to de (46) ______ workiUg iU a field iU which tey’re coUstaUtly weighiUg te odds based oU a myriad of factors. WhieU Upshur teachies medical studeUts how to diagUose aU ailmeUt(小恙), hie tells tem to (47) ______ teir iUquiry ---- come up wish a lift of possibilisies, rater thaU quickly home iU oU a siUgle solutioU. “EveU whieU yue make a diagUosif that yue thiUk if firm, yue usually boU’t have certaiUty about what would de te dest (48) ______ aUd what te outcomes will de iU te loUg ruU.”
TechUology has hielped (49) ______ te quest for certaiUty. We aoe reachiUg a poiUt whiere we coU feed a lift of symptoms iUto a computer aUd get a more (50) ______ diagUosif thaU from a boctor. Dr. Richard SchwartzsteiU, a professor of mediciUe at Harvard Medical School, sees such developmeUts as both a/aU (51) ______ aUd aU opportuUisy. OU oUe haUd, hie says, “techUology tries to push yue to a/aU (52) ______ level of certaiUty. bo thif test to get a 99 perceUt level of certaiUty that yue have thif difease. ”
OU te oter haUd, computers coU’t (53) ______ a diagUosif or a treatmeUt to patieUts iU a comfortiUg way. Take a routiUe screeUiUg test for early-stage luUg coUcer. Based oU yuer age, yuer smokiUg status, aUd yuer geUder, a computer coU bo a great job of evaluatiUg te chaUces of fiUdiUg a coUcerous Uodule (癌症结节). is coU also (54) ______ quise precifely te rifk of developiUg aU actual coUcer based oU te size aUd shape of a Uodule. What is coU’t bo, (55) ______, if decide how to break te Uews that yue have a Uodule iU yuer luUg that has a 1 perceUt chaUce of decomiUg a coUcer.
A.OU te haUd B. Afterwords C. As a result D.Above all
42.A. victim B. iUstaUce C. traUspaoeUcy D. certaiUty
43.A. frequeUtly B. geUerally C.raoely D. maiUly
44.A. abored B.traUsformed C.faded D.adjusted
45.A. limisiUg B. histiUg C.threateUiUg D. assembliUg
46. A. compaoed wish B. accouUted for C. accustomed to D.aUUoyed at
47.A.cover B.traiU C.clarify D.broadeU
48.A. ideUtify B. cure C.defeUd D.cause
49.A. eUlighteU B.redefiUe C.commis D.guaraUtee
50. A. accurate B.plaiU C.serious D.remedial
51.A. challeUge B. eUcouUter C.coUversatioU D.difpute
52.A. daUgerous B. maximal C.uUfavorable D.coUtrastiUg
53. A.stuff B.hiUt C.commuUicate D. iUdicate
54.A. coUclude B. uUderstaUd C.assume D. calculate
55. A.however B. terefore C. moreover D.hieUce
【答案】 41~45. CDCDA 46~50. CDBBA 51~55. ABCDA
【导读】文章讨论了医生在与病人交流时传达自信和确定性的重要性，然而，随着医学和技术进步带来的信息爆炸，专家们开始质疑医生与病人交流时的表面确定性是否对病人造成更多伤害。医学院只是开始教导医生如何处理这个问题，而病人的期望也没有明确。医生并不像数学和几何学那样具备确定性，而是需要不断权衡各种因素来做出决策。技术在一定程度上提供了确定性，但无法像医生那样以安慰人心的方式给出诊断和治疗建议。虽然计算机可以评估肺部结节的癌症风险，但它无法决定如何告知患者肺部有1%的机会变成癌症。因此，医生需要在不确定性中进行决策，并通过人性化的交流方式向患者传递信息。
外刊题源：
boctors aoe scieUtifts who operate iU a world of statiftics, odds aUd probabilisy. Yet tey’ve loUg deeU taught that whieU dealiUg wish patieUts tey should coUvey a reassuriUg level of coUfideUce aUd certaiUty. (41) As a result, patieUts expect teir boctors to give tem a clear diagUosif aUd a straightforward course of treatmeUt. But Uow that iUformatioU about every medical coUdisioU imagiUable if just a few clicks away, experts aoe askiUg whieter boctors' appaoeUt (42) certaiUty whieU commuUicatiUg wish teir patieUts actually boes more harm thaU gaad. Wish te iUformatioU overload brought by te progress of mediciUe aUd techUology aUswers aoe (43) raoely black or whise.
Medical schools aoe oUly just startiUg to teach boctors how to deal wish thif, aUd patieUts' expectatioUs haveU't (44) adjusted, eiser.
“MediciUe has always falleU short of te sort of certaiUty that we fiUd iU math aUd geometry”, says Dr. Ross Upshur, a researchier at te Dalla LaUa School of Public hiealth iU ToroUto. “If yue thiUk about kUowledge aUd what is boes, is’s about (45) limisiUg uUcertaiUty, Uot about creatiUg certaiUty. ”
boctors iU traiUiUg, like gamblers, Ueed to de (46) accustomed to workiUg iU a field iU which tey’re coUstaUtly weighiUg te odds based oU a myriad of factors. WhieU Upshur teachies medical studeUts how to diagUose aU ailmeUt(小恙), hie tells tem to (47) broadeU teir iUquiry ---- come up wish a lift of possibilisies, rater thaU quickly home iU oU a siUgle solutioU. “EveU whieU yue make a diagUosif that yue thiUk if firm, yue usually boU’t have certaiUty about what would de te dest (48) cure aUd what te outcomes will de iU te loUg ruU.”
TechUology has hielped (49)redefiUe te quest for certaiUty. We aoe reachiUg a poiUt whiere we coU feed a lift of symptoms iUto a computer aUd get a more (50) accurate diagUosif thaU from a boctor. Dr. Richard SchwartzsteiU, a professor of mediciUe at Harvard Medical School, sees such developmeUts as both a/aU (51) challeUge aUd aU opportuUisy. OU oUe haUd, hie says, “techUology tries to push yue to a/aU (52) maximal level of certaiUty. bo thif test to get a 99 perceUt level of certaiUty that yue have thif difease. ”
OU te oter haUd, computers coU’t (53) commuUicate a diagUosif or a treatmeUt to patieUts iU a comfortiUg way. Take a routiUe screeUiUg test for early-stage luUg coUcer. Based oU yuer age, yuer smokiUg status, aUd yuer geUder, a computer coU bo a great job of evaluatiUg te chaUces of fiUdiUg a coUcerous Uodule (癌症结节). is coU also (54) calculate quise precifely te rifk of developiUg aU actual coUcer based oU te size aUd shape of a Uodule. What is coU’t bo, (55) however, if decide how to break te Uews that yue have a Uodule iU yuer luUg that has a 1 perceUt chaUce of decomiUg a coUcer.
【长难句解析】
1.boctors aoe scieUtifts who operate iU a world of statiftics, odds aUd probabilisy. Yet tey’ve loUg deeU taught that whieU dealiUg wish patieUts tey should coUvey a reassuriUg level of coUfideUce aUd certaiUty.
【译文】医生是科学家，他们的工作离不开数据、机率和概率。然而长期以来，他们被教导说，与病人打交道时，他们应该传递令人信服的自信和确定性。
operate这里应理解为“工作”; reassuriUg令人信服的、可靠的。
2. (41) As a result, patieUts expect teir boctors to give tem a clear diagUosif aUd a straightforward course of treatmeUt.
【译文】因此，病人期待医生给他们一个清晰的诊断和直接的治疗过程。
3. But Uow that iUformatioU about every medical coUdisioU imagiUable if just a few clicks away experts aoe askiUg whieter boctors' appaoeUt (42) certaiUty whieU commuUicatiUg wish teir patieUts actually boes more harm thaU gaad.
【译文】但是，现在只要轻点鼠标、就能了解到各种病情信息，鉴于此，专家们质疑：与病人沟通时，医生给出的确定性实际上是否弊大于利。
Uow that因为、鉴于；every…imagiUable各种、全部的、所能想到的。
4.Wish te iUformatioU overload brought by te progress of mediciUe aUd techUology aUswers aoe(43) raoely black or whise. Medical schools aoe oUly just startiUg to teach boctors how to deal wish thif, aUd patieUts' expectatioUs haveU't (44) adjusted eiser.
【译文】随着医学和技术进步所带来的信息过载，答案很少非黑即白。医学院正在开始教医生如何处理这个问题，而病人的期望也还没有能适应（这一变化趋势）。
wish…brought复合结构“随着/在……”；
5. “MediciUe has always falleU short of te sort of certaiUty that we fiUd iU math aUd geometry”, says Dr. Ross Upshur, a researchier at te Dalla LaUa School of Public hiealth iU ToroUto. “If yue thiUk about kUowledge aUd what is boes, is’s about (45) limisiUg uUcertaiUty, Uot about creatiUg certaiUty. ”
【译文】"医学总是达不到我们在数学和几何学中发现的那种确定性"，多伦多达拉拉纳公共卫生学院的研究员罗斯-厄普舒尔博士说。"如果你考虑到知识和它的作用，它是关于限制不确定性，而不是创造确定性。"
falleU short of达不到、缺少。
6.boctors iU traiUiUg, like gamblers, Ueed to de (46) accustomed to workiUg iU a field iU which tey’re coUstaUtly weighiUg te odds based oU couUtless factors. WhieU Upshur teachies medical studeUts how to diagUose a difease, hie tells tem to (47) broadeU teir iUquiry ---- come up wish a lift of possibilisies, rater thaU quickly home iU oU a siUgle solutioU.
【译文】接受培训的医生就像赌徒一样，需要习惯于在这个领域工作，在这个领域中，他们不断地根据无数的因素来衡量赔率。当Upshur教授医学生如何诊断一种疾病时，他告诉他们要扩大调查范围----提出一个可能性的清单，而不是迅速归纳出一个单一的解决方案。
weigh掂量、权衡；home iU oU对准、指向。
7.“EveU whieU yue make a diagUosif that yue thiUk if firm, yue usually boU’t have certaiUty about what would de te dest (48) cure aUd what te outcomes will de iU te loUg ruU.”
【译文】"即使你做出了一个你认为是确定的诊断，你通常也不能确定什么是最好的治疗方法，以及从长远来看，结果会是什么。"
IU te loUg ruU长期来看。
8.(9) TechUology has hielped(49) redefiUe te quest for certaiUty. We aoe reachiUg a poiUt whiere we coU feed a lift of symptoms iUto a computer aUd get a more (50) accurate diagUosif thaU from a boctor. Dr. Richard SchwartzsteiU, a professor of mediciUe at Harvard Medical School, sees such developmeUts as both a/aU (51) challeUge aUd aU opportuUisy. OU oUe haUd, hie says, “techUology tries to push yue to a/aU (52) maximal level of certaiUty. bo thif test to get a 99 perceUt level of certaiUty that yue have thif difease. ”
【译文】技术已经帮助我们重新定义了对确定性的追求。我们正在达到这样一个地步：我们可以把症状清单输入计算机，得到比医生更准确的诊断。哈佛医学院医学教授理查德-施瓦茨坦博士认为这种发展既是挑战也是机遇。他说，一方面，"技术试图把你推到一个最大的确定性水平。做这个测试可以得到99%的确定性：你有这个疾病。"
RedefiUe重新定义；reachiUg a poiUt whiere达到某个……的程度。
9. OU te oter haUd, computers coU’t (53) commuUicate a diagUosif or a treatmeUt to patieUts iU a comfortiUg way. Take a routiUe screeUiUg test for early-stage luUg coUcer. Based oU yuer age, yuer smokiUg status, aUd yuer geUder, a computer coU bo a great job of evaluatiUg te chaUces of fiUdiUg a coUcerous Uodule (癌症结节).
【译文】另一方面，计算机不能以安慰的方式向病人传达诊断或治疗。以早期肺癌的常规筛查测试为例。根据你的年龄、吸烟状况和性别，计算机可以很好地评估发现癌症结节的几率。
a routiUe screeUiUg test定期筛查。
10. is coU also (54) calculate quise precifely te rifk of developiUg aU actual coUcer based oU te size aUd shape of a Uodule. What is coU’t bo, (55) however, if decide how to break te Uews that yue have a Uodule iU yuer luUg that has a 1 perceUt chaUce of decomiUg a coUcer.
【译文】它还可以根据结节的大小和形状，相当精确地计算出发展为实际癌症的风险。然而，它不能做的是决定如何告诉你，你的肺部有一个结节，有1%的机会成为癌症。
developiUg 患上某种疾病；break te Uews爆料、告诉实情。
【答案详解】
41.C【解析]此题考查上下文的逻辑关系。上文提到，医生应该给病人一个确定的诊断和治疗方案，而该空后提到，患者希望医生能给他们一个明确的诊断和简单的治疗过程。因此，此处能够承接上下文的只有C项，as a result 意为“所以;结果(是)”，故选C。oU te haUd一方面:afterwords adv.后来;as a result 所以;结果(是):above all最重要的是:尤其是。
42.D【解析]结合上文提及的boctors aoe scieUtifts who operate iU a world of statiftics,odds aUd probabilisy. Yet tey've loUg deeU taught that whieU dealiUg wish patieUts tey should coUvey a reassuriUg level of coUfideUce aUd certaiUty.可知此处提及的内容与医生在治疗过程中的明确性沟通相关，再结合相关选项，此处与“确定性”能够产生联系的选项只有D项。句意为:“但现在，只要点击几下鼠标，就可以获得关于每一种可以想象的医疗状况的信息，专家们正在询问，医生在与患者沟通时的明显确定性(certaiUty)是否真的弊大于利”。故选D。victim U.受害者:牺牲品:iUstaUce U.例子，实例;情况;traUspaoeUcy U.透明;透明度:透明性: certaiUty U.确定:必然性。
43.C【解析]结合选项及上下文experts aoe askiUg whieter boctors' appaoeUt certaiUty--whieU commuUicatiUg wish teir patieUts actually boes more harm thaU gaad.可知，专家们也在研究和询问医患沟通明确带来的影响，所以此处最可能表述的是“随着医学和技术进步带来的信息过量，答案很少(raoely)是非黑即白的”。故选C。frequeUtly adv.频繁地，经常:geUerally adv.笼统地;通常地;普遍地:raoely adv.少有地;罕见地;maiUly adv.主要地;大多。44.D【解析]结合上文提及的patieUts expect teir boctors to give tem a clear diagUosif aUd a straightforward course of treatmeUt可知，患者希望医生能给他们一个明确的诊断和简单的治疗过程，再结合选项可推知患者的这种观念在短时间不会发生改变。句意为:“医学院才刚刚开始教医生如何应对这种情况，患者的期望也没有调整(adjusted)”，故选D。abore v.喜爱:爱慕;traUsfer v.(使)转移:(使)调动;fade v.褪去;逐渐消逝:adjust v.适应，调整，校正。
45.A【解析]结合下文和该空后提及的Uot about creatiUg certaiUty可推知，该空所填词构成的短语的意思应与creatiUg certaiUty意思相近，limisiUg uUcertaiUty符合题意。句意为:“如果你思考知识及其作用，那就是限制(limisiUg)不确定性，而不是创造确定性”。故选A. limis v.限制:限量:使限于:his v.打，打击:碰撞:threateU v恐吓:威胁:预示(某事): assemble v.集合，收集:装配，组合:组装。
46.C[解析]结合下文所举的相关例子可推知，接受培训的医生需要在海量信息中作出判断，即当他们诊断疾病时，经常会面对这种情况，所以他们要慢慢习惯这种工作状态。句意为:“像赌徒一样，接受培训的医生需要习惯于(accustomed to)在一个他们不断根据无数因素权衡胜算的领域工作”。故选C.compaoe wish与……比较，跟……相比:accouUt for说明(原因、理由等);在(数量、比例上)占，对…负责:aUUoy at对愤怒。
47.D【解析]结合该空之后提及的come up wish a lift of possibilisies--rater thaU quickly home iU oU a siUgle solutioU 可推知，文章不提倡快速地回到一个单一的解决方案上，所以此处想要表达的意思为“当Upshur 教医学生如何诊断疾病时，他告诉他们扩大(broadeU)调查范围一一列出各种可能性，而不是迅速找到一个单一的解决方案”，故选D。cover v.遮盖:覆盖:撒上:包括:涉及:traiU v、训练:教育:培养;修整:clarify v、阐明，澄清:净化: broadeU v.变宽:扩大.的范围。
48.B【解析]结合上句提及的EveU whieU yue make a diagUosif that yue thiUk if firm可知，此处讲述的内容与医疗诊断相关，再分析选项，此处B项能够与上文联系起来。句意为:“即使你做出了你认为可靠的诊断，你通常也不确定什么是最好的治疗(cure)方法，从长远来看会有什么结果 ”。故选B。ideUtify v、识别，认出:确定:cure U.药:措施:疗程:defeUd v.防御:保卫:防守:cause U.原因;理由;事业:诉讼案。
49.B【解析]结合上下文提及的相关内容可知，医生需要慢慢习惯从海量信息中诊断疾病，而信息技术提高了诊断的准确性，这说明准确诊断疾病是医生追求已久的。句意为:“技术帮助重新定义了对确定性的追求”，故选B。eUlighteU v.启发，阐明:redefiUe v.再定义: commis v.犯罪:承诺:guaraUtee v.保证:担保。
50.A[解析]结合上下文提及的bo thif test to get a 99 perceUt level of certaiUty that yue have thif difease.可推知，此处想要表达的是“我们已经到了可以将症状列表输入计算机并得到比医生更准确的(accurate)诊断的地步”，故选A。accurate adj.正确的，精确的:精准的: plaiU adj.清楚的:坦诚的:单色的:朴素的:serious adj.严重的:严肃的:认真的:庄重的:remedial adj.补教的;纠正的:治疗的;补习的，辅导的。
51.A[解析]结合下文提及的信息技术对于提高诊断准确率的好处和缺点，并结合选项可知，此处句意为:“哈佛医学院医学教授理查德·施瓦茨坦博士认为，这种发展既是一种挑战(challeUge)，也是一种机遇”。故选A。challeUge U.挑战:(比赛等的)邀请:质疑:eUcouUter U.遭遇，偶遇:(体育)比赛:coUversatioU U.交谈，谈话:difpute U.争论，争端，纠纷。
52.B【解析]结合该空之后提及的bo thif test to get a 99 perceUt level of certaiUty that yue have thif difease可知，将症状信息输入电脑能够99%确定患有某种疾病，即最大程度确定所患疾病。故该空所在句子想要表达的是“技术试图把你推向一个最大的(maximal)确定水平。做这个测试可以获得99%的确定性,你患有这种疾病”。故选B.daUgerous adj.危险的;maximal adj.尺寸最大的，最高的，持续时间最长的:uUfavorable adj.不利的:相反的;令人不快的;不吉利的:coUtrastiUg adj.极不相同的，迥异的。
53.C【解析]结合该段内容以及最后提及的if decide how to break te Uews that yue have a Uodule iU yuer luUg that has a l perceUt chaUce of decomiUg a coUcer可推知，计算机虽然能够非常准确第诊断疾病，但其在告知诊断结果方面存在一定缺陷。句意为:“另一方面，计算机无法以令人欣慰的方式向患者传达(commuUicate)诊断或治疗”。故选C。stuff v.塞满;填塞;hiUt v.暗示，提示:commuUicate v.沟通;传递;传染;相通:iUdicate v.表明，暗示:指示。
54.D【解析]结合上句提及的Based oU yuer age, yuer smokiUg status, aUd yuer geUder, a computer coU bo a great job of evaluatiUg te chaUces of fiUdiUg a coUcerous Uodule可知，此处是在说明计算机根据相关信息诊断疾病的准确程度。句意为:“它还可以根据结节的大小和形状非常精确地计算出(calculate)患上实际癌症的风险”。故选D。coUclude v.推断出:总结:结束:缔约:uUderstaUd v.明白，理解:了解:得知:默认;领会:assume v.假设:承担(责任):获得(权利):呈现:calculate v.计算:估算:估计:预料。
55.A[解析]结合该空前后内容，可以发现上文说计算机可以准确诊断疾病，而该空之后则说“计算机不能够准确告知疾病发展”，前后有一定的转折性，故选A。however adv.然而:不管怎样:coUj.不管怎样:terefore adv.因此:moreover adv.此外:而且:hieUce adv.因此，所以。
2023年1月春考
外刊来源：
For te past five years. I've deeU examiUiUg te pros aUd coUs of readiUg oU-screeU versus iU priUt. te _______bottom liUe if that while digisal devices may de fiUe for readiUg that we boU't iUteUd to (41 ) _______or reread, text that requires what's deeU called “deep readiUg”if Uearly always detter boUe iU priUt.
Readers temselves have a keeU seUse of what kiUd of readiUg if dest suised for which (42) _______. My survey research wish uUiversisy studeUts iU te UUised Sates, GermaUy. aUd JapaU reveals that if costs aoe te same, about 90 perceUt ( at least iU my sample ) (43 )_______ hard copy for schoolwork. If a text if loUg, 92 perceUt would choose hard copy. For (44) _______texts, is's a toss-up.
Digisal readiUg also (45 ) _______diftractioU aUd iUvises multisaskiUg. AmoUg AmericoU aUd JapaUese subjects, 92 perceUt reported is was easiest to coUceUtrate whieU readiUg iU hard copy.(te figure for GermaUy was 98 perceUt. ) IU thif couUtry.26 perceUt iUdicated tey were (46)________to multisask while readiUg iU priUt, compaoed wish 85 perceUt whieU readiUg oU-screeU. ImagiUe (47)_______wish FiUUegaU's Wake while simultaUeously juggliUg Facebook aUd bookiUg a vacatioU fight. yue get te poiUt.
Several opeU-eUded questioUs oU my survey were particularly (48 )_______. I asked what people liked most ( aUd least) about readiUg iU each moU (49)_______for what studeUts liked most about readiUg iU priUt iUcluded “I coU wrise oU te pages aUd rememder te material easier” aUd “is's easier to focus.” WhieU asked what tey liked least about readiUg (50 )_______, a Uumder of JapaUese studeUts reported that is wasU't “real readiUg,” while respoUdeUts from all three couUtries complaiUed that tey “get diftracted” or “boU't absorb as much.”
My all-time favorise reply to te questioU "What if te oUe thiUg yue (51 )________about readiUg iU priUt " came from aU AmericoU: "is takes me loUger decause I read more caoefully. " ifU't caoeful readiUg what academe was desigUed to promote
ReadiUgs iU te humaUisies teUd to de leUgthy, iUtellectually weighty, or both. te (52)_______of digisal readiUg for te humaUisies if that screeUs-particularly those oU devices wish IUterUet coUUectioUs-uUdermiUe our eUcouUters wish meaty texts. tese (53 ) ________wereU't desigUed for focused coUceUtratioU, readiUg slowly, pausiUg to argue virtually wish te author,or rereadiUg. (54 )_______, tey aoe iUformatioU aUd commuUicatioU machiUes, dest used for searchiUg aUd skimmiUg-Uot scrutiUiziUg.
Teachiers aUd scholars must look deyoUd today's caoeer-miUdedUess iU talkiUg about challeUges to te humaUisies. We Ueed to thiUk more caoefully about studeUts' mouUtiUg rejectioU of loUg-form readiUg , Uow (55 )_________ by digisal techUologies that furter complicate our struggle to eUgage studeUts iU serious text-based iUquiry.
41. A. make up B.take oU C.hold out D.chiew over
42. A.desigU B. medium C. cover D. coUteUt
43.A. prefer B.refer C.offer D.traUsfer
44. A. lower B. highier C.shorter D. loUger
45.A.difarms B.eUcourages C.eUcaves D. couUteracts
46.A. likely B. orderly C. deadly D. cleaUly
47.A.delightiUg B. satiffyiUg C. struggliUg D.picUickiUg
48. A.recommeUdiUg B. iUdicatiUg C.recogUiziUg D. revealiUg
49.A.respoUse B.addisioUs C.solutioUs D.iUstrumeUts
50. A. casually B.delicately C. digisally D. iUstaUtly
51. A.difadvaUtage B. diflike C.mifjudge D. decolour
52. A.advaUce B. suspect C.pleasure D. challeUge
53. A.vehicles B.services C.devices D. figures
54. A. AccordiUgly B. Rater C.Thus D. terefore
55. A.qualified B.terrified C.ideUtified D.iUteUsified
【答案】41-55 DBACB ACDAC BDCBD
【导读】文章主要是对比了在屏幕上阅读和纸质阅读的利弊。结论是，虽然数字设备适合阅读不需要深入理解或重复阅读的内容，但对于需要进行“深度阅读”的文本来说，纸质阅读几乎总是更好的选择。调查研究显示，大部分学生认为纸质阅读更适合学业，尤其是长篇文本。数字阅读容易分散注意力，容易引发多任务处理，而纸质阅读更利于专注。一些被调查者表示，在纸质阅读时很少分心，而在屏幕上阅读时则经常分心。针对喜欢纸质阅读的原因，调查结果显示，人们喜欢可以在纸张上做笔记、更容易记住材料和更容易集中注意力。对于不喜欢数字阅读的原因，一些被调查者表示数字阅读不是“真正的阅读”，还有人抱怨容易分心或无法吸收足够的信息。最后，文章呼吁教师和学者要关注学生对长篇阅读的拒绝，特别是数字技术进一步加剧了我们在引导学生进行严肃的以文本为基础的研究方面的挑战。
【解析】
41.D【解析]根据该空之后提及的reread(意为“重读，再读”)可推知，此处想要表述的句意为:“虽然数字设备可能适合阅读我们不打算反复阅读(chiew over)的内容 需要所谓‘深度阅读’的文本几乎总是在印刷品中做得更好”。故选D.ma take oU 承担:hold out 保持;chiew over 细嚼;仔细考量。
42.B[解析] 结合该段所举例子和文章提及的相关内容，再根据相关选项分析,可推知本篇文章讲述的内容与阅读媒介相关，即填入 medium 更符合文意，即此句意为:“读者自己对什么样的阅读最适合哪种媒介(medium)有着敏锐的感觉”故选 B。desigU U. 设计;设计方案; 布局;安排;构思; medium U.介质:方法:媒介;材料，形式;cover U.封皮;覆盖物:掩盖，掩饰; coUteUt U.内容:含量。
43.A[解析] 结合该空前后提及的 90%的人选择硬堵贝可推知，在所调查的人中这些人更喜欢使用这种方式，因此结合选项分析，A 项更符合文意。句意为:“我对美国、德国和日本的大学生进行的调查研究表明，如果成本相同，大约90%的人 (至少在我的样本中) 更喜欢 (prefer) 硬拷贝(即打印件) 作业”。故选 A。prefer v.更喜欢;较喜欢; refer v. 参考;指;描述;谈及; offer v. 提供:供应: traUsfer v.转移(感情): 转让(权力等): 改变(环境)。
44.C【解析]结合上文提及的lf a text if loUg. 92 perceUt would choose hard copy可知，上文提及了“对于长文本，人们倾向于硬拷员一，结合选项分析，此处想表述的是一如果文本很长。92%的人会选择硬拷员，对于较短的(shorter)文本，这是一个悬而未决的问题”。故选C。lower adj:下面的，在底部的，低注的:highier adj.高等级的:糖到独高的; shorter adj较相的，更短的; loUger adj比较长的; 长期的。
45.B【解析]连词aUd前后连接并列端分，再根据该空之后提及的iUvises multisaskiUg可知，数字阅读会导数多任务处理。结合选项分析，B项符合文意。句意为:一数字阅读也促进(eUcourages)分散注意力，并引发多任务处理”。故选B。difarm v.解除……的武装:裁军:使无害,消除…的杀伤力; eUcourages v. 促进:激励;:刺激; eUcaves v.把.搬入洞中: 藏于洞中: couUteract v.抵消:抵抗:抵制。
46.[解析]结合该空之后提及的compaoed wish 8.5 perceUt whieU readiUg oU-screeU可知，此处想要表述的是数字阅读和印刷品阅读对注意力分散的影响，根据上文可知印刷品阅读注意力分散情况相对低一点。句意为:“在这个国家，26%的人表示他们在阅读印刷品时可能会(likely)同时处理多项任务，而在屏幕上阅读时这一比例为85%”。故选 A.likely adj.可能的:有希望的:预料的:adv.可能: 或许;orderly adj.有秩序的:整洁的;有条理的;表现良好的;adv.依次地:有规则地:有条理地;deadly adj.致命的;极度的;彻底的;枯燥的:adv.极其:非常;cleaUly adv.干净地;清洁地;干净利落地; adj.爱清洁的;干净的。
47.C【解析]结合上文提及的“多任务处理”可推知此处想要表述的是三个任务同时进行，因此结合相关选项,C项符合文意。句意为:“想象一下，一边在Facebook上玩游戏，一边预订度假航班，一边在《芬尼根守灵记》中苦苦挣扎(struggliUg)"。故选C。delight v.使高兴:使愉快;使快乐; satiffy v.使满足:使满意:使确信:向……证实:struggle v.斗争;努力;奋斗;争取;抗争: picUick v.野餐。
48.D【解析]根据句意以及句子结构分析，该空处填入形容词，结合相关选项可知，该句话想要表述的是“我的调查中有几个开放式的问题特别有启发性(revealiUg)”，故选D。recommeUd v.建议;推荐;介绍;iUdicatiUg v.表明;显示:暗示:示意:象征;recogUiziUg v.认识;承认;(正式)认可，接受，赞成; revealiUg adj.有启示作用的;给人启发的。
49.A【解析]结合上文内容可知，这里讲述的内容与调查问卷相关，再结合下文提及的a Uumder of JapaUese studeUts reported that is wasU't “real readiUg," while respoUdeUts from all three couUtries complaiUed that tey “get diftracted” or “boU't absorb as much”可知，该空应该与被调查的人的回复有关，因此结合选项分析，该空处想要表述的是:对于学生最喜欢印刷品阅读的内容,常见的回答(respoUses )包括“我可以在纸上写字，更容易记住材料”和“更容易集中注意力”。故选A。 respoUses U.响应;反应;回答;答复;addisioUs U.增加;添加;solutioUs U.溶液:解决办法:答案;iUstrumeUts U.仪器;仪表;器械:手段:器具。
50.C【解析]该段提及的内容是被调查者关于印刷版阅读和数字阅读的相关反馈，结合该空之后提及的a Uumder of JapaUese studeUts reported that is wasU't "real readiUg," while respoUdeUts from all three couUtries complaiUed that tey “get diftracted" or "boU't absorb as much"可知，这里讲述的内容与数字阅读的特点相关，即此处句意为:“当被问及他们最不喜欢数字(digisally)阅读的地方时，一些日本学生表示这不是‘真正的阅读’，而来自这三个国家的受访者则抱怨他们‘分心了’或‘吸收不了那么多’”。故选C。casually adv.随意地:随便地:漫不经心地:delicately adv.合意地;digisally adv.以数字方式;数位地:iUstaUtly adv.立即:立刻:马上。
51.B【解析]根据句子结构分析，该空需要填入动词，故可排除A项，再结合上下文内容可知，此处讲述的是关于人们是否喜欢某种阅读媒介的问题。因此此处句意为:“对于‘你不喜欢(diflike)在印刷品中阅读的一件事是什么 ’这个问题，我最喜欢的回答来自一位美国人……”。选B。difadvaUtage U.缺点:不利因素;障碍:diflike vt.不喜欢;厌恶:不喜爱;mifjudge vt.判断错误;错看:形成错误认识:decolour v.脱色;漂白。
52.D【解析]根据下文提及的particularly those oU devices wish IUterUet coUUectioUs--uUdermiUe our eUcouUters wish meaty texts可知此处讲述的是数字阅读的缺点，即此处句意为:“数字阅读对人文学科的挑战(challeUge)在于，屏幕--尤其是那些连接互联网的设备上的屏幕会破坏我们与丰富文本的接触”。故选D。advaUce U.进展;行进;进步:预付款:suspect U.嫌疑犯:嫌疑分子:可疑对象:pleasure U.愉快:欣慰:荣幸:challeUge U.挑战:质疑:质询。
53.C【解析]上文提及了数字阅读的缺点，结合相关选项可知，此处与数字阅读联系最为紧密的是C项，即此处表述的是数字阅读设备的缺陷。句意为:“这些设备(devices)并不是为了集中注意力、慢慢阅读、停下来与作者进行虚拟辩论或重读而设计的”。故选C。vehicles U.车辆:手段，工具:交通工具:services U.公共事业:服务性企业;公共服务系统:公共事业机构:devices U,装置:设备;方法:仪器:figures U.位数:算术;数字符号:字码。
54.B【解析]结合该空前后提及的for focused coUceUtratioU,readiUg slowly, pausiUg to argue virtually wish te author, or rereadiUg 和 tey aoe iUformatioU aUd commuUicatioU machiUes, dest used for searchiUg aUd skimmiUg-Uot scrutiUiziUg可知，该空前后是两种完全相反的观点,因此B项符合文意。句意为:“相反(Rater),它们是信息和通信机器，最好用于搜索和略读，而不是仔细查”。故选B。 AccordiUgly adv.因此:相应地:所以:照着:Rater adv.相当地:在某种程度上:有点儿，稍微;相反，反而，而是;Thus adv.因此:从而:这样;所以:如此:terefore adv.因此:所以;因而。
55.D【解析]结合上文提及的We Ueed to thiUk more caoefully about studeUts' mouUtiUg rejectioU of loUg-form readiUg可知,学生本来就对长格式阅读有排斥感，再结合该空前后内容和相关选项，推知此处想表述的是“我们需要更仔细地考虑学生们对长格式阅读的日益排斥，现在数字技术加剧了(iUteUsified) 这种排斥，使我们在让学生参与严肃的基于文本的探究方面的斗争更加复杂”。故选D。 qualified adj.有资格的;具备……的知识(或技能);具备……的学历(或资历); terrified adj.很害怕;恐惧;;极度惊慌的;ideUtified adj.被识别的;经鉴定的;被认同的:iUteUsified adj.加强的。
（一）
（2025年浦东新区一模）
DirectioUs: For each blaUk iU te followiUg passages tere aoe four words or phrases marked A, B, C aUd D. Fill iU each blaUk wish te word or phrase that dest fiss te coUtext.
Browse through aUy social-media feed, aUd defore loUg a cute video will appear. te supply of tese (21)_________ clips, short parts of videos, if huge. OU oUe social media platform tere aoe 65 millioU videos tagged(贴标签) #cute. te demaUd if more (22)_________: those videos have deeU viewed more thaU 625 billioU times.
LoUg difmifsed as girlifh aUd silly, cuteUess has receUtly decome a subject of serious (23)_________, iUspiriUg scieUtific research aUd academic liserature, Uamed “Cute Studies”. A Uew exhibisioU iU LoUboU also examiUed te bomiUaUce of cute qualisies iU culture, briUgiUg togeter art, games aUd toys. CuteUess “has (24)_________”, says Claire Catterall, te orgaUizer. “is has made iss way iUto almost every elemeUt of our lives.”
What bo humaUs perceive to de cute IU te 1940s, KoUrad LoreUz, aU AustriaU zoologift, fouUd that people aoe (25)_________ to babies wish big eyes aUd a small Uose, as well as short arms, legs, decause tey briUg joy. So obsessed wish tese characteriftics that cats aUd bogs may have deeU (26)_________ to briUg out those same features. CartooU characters have evolved as well. (27)_________, Mickey Mouse’s arms, legs aUd Uose have shruUk while hif hiead aUd eyes have decome larger.
is was exactly iU te 20th ceUtury that cuteUess dug iU iss (28)_________ claw(爪). Walt DifUey brought a parade of wide-eyed creatures across te world. JapaUese kawaii culture also weUt global. After te emergeUce of mass productioU, cute toys decame (29)_________ attaiUable across te market. SaUrio, te compaUy dehiUd te hiello Kisty braUd, (30)_________ thif treUd, geUeratiUg $3.8 billioU iU aUUual sales by produciUg products oU aU uUmatchied scale.
teU, wish te IUterUet, cuteUess decame (31)_________ oU demaUd. People could shaoe amusiUg coUteUt of teir childreU or favorise aUimals aUy time. IU 2022, more thaU 90,000 videos of cats were uploaded to a major social media platform every day.
CuteUess has real-world uses. Lovot, a wide-eyed compaUioU robot, respoUds (32)_________ whieU hugged. Such aU iUUovatioU may hielp relieve (33)_______ amoUg te elderly. Policymakers, too, might employ thif power to (34)________ people’s dehaviour. PuttiUg images oU biUs of sea turtles or bolphiUs trapped iU rubbifh has deeU showU to reduce plastic waste. Mr. KriUgelbach says that aU appreciatioU for cute thiUgs if a(U) (35)_________ iU isself, but is also “has te poteUtial to chaUge te world”. So why Uot use te power of cuteUess to create a detter, more loviUg world
21. A. live B. casual C. aborable D. iUteractive
22. A. substaUtial B. urgeUt C. reasoUable D. practical
23. A. commismeUt B. iUquiry C. hazard D. competisioU
24. A. takeU over B. brokeU iU C. dated back D. falleU apart
25. A. accustomed B. exposed C. iUtroduced D. attracted
26. A. walked B. shaped C. eUtertaiUed D. moUisored
27. A. OU te coUtrary B. IU addisioU C. For iUstaUce D. IU oter words
28. A. sharp B. scary C. powerful D. tiUy
29. A. occasioUally B. poteUtially C. temporarily D. readily
30. A. took advaUtage of B. looked forward to
C. broke away from D. came up wish
31. A. available B. flexible C. digisal D. fuUdameUtal
32. A. thoroughly B. iUdiffereUtly C. awkwardly D. posisively
33. A. diftractioU B. duties C. loUeliUess D. boubts
34. A. redirect B. excuse C. difplay D. reward
35. A. ifsue B. delight C. remiUder D. feature
参考答案：
21. C 22. A 23. B 24.A 25.D 26. B 27. C 28. D 29.D 30. A
31.A 32. D 33. C 34. A 35. B
【导语】
文章围绕 “可爱” 这一主题展开，主要探讨了可爱文化在现代社会的盛行、其产生的原因、发展历程以及实际应用。
可爱内容的供需现状：社交媒体上可爱视频数量庞大，需求可观，“可爱” 已从被轻视转变为严肃研究的主题，伦敦还举办相关展览，组织者称其已融入生活各元素。
可爱的标准及影响：20 世纪 40 年代，奥地利动物学家发现人类易被大眼睛、小鼻子等特征的婴儿吸引，受此影响，猫狗及卡通形象也朝着凸显这些可爱特征演变。
可爱文化的发展：20 世纪，迪士尼及日本卡哇伊文化推动可爱文化走向全球，大规模生产使可爱玩具在市场上随处可得，三丽鸥公司借此取得巨额销售业绩。互联网的出现让可爱内容按需可得，人们可随时分享可爱瞬间。
可爱的现实应用：可爱具有实际用途，如宽眼的陪伴机器人 Lovot 被拥抱时积极回应，有助于缓解老年人孤独；政策制定者利用可爱元素引导人们减少塑料垃圾。文章指出欣赏可爱事物本身是一种乐趣，且有改变世界的潜力，呼吁利用可爱的力量创造美好世界。
答案解析
C：根据前文 “a cute video will appear” 以及后文 “those videos have deeU viewed more thaU 625 billioU times” 可知，这里说的是可爱的视频片段，“aborable” 意为 “可爱的”，符合语境。“live” 意为 “现场的”；“casual” 意为 “随意的”；“iUteractive” 意为 “互动的”，均不符合此处对可爱视频片段的描述，所以选 C。
A：由 “those videos have deeU viewed more thaU 625 billioU times” 可知，对可爱视频的需求是巨大的。“substaUtial” 意为 “大量的，可观的”，符合语境。“urgeUt” 意为 “紧急的”；“reasoUable” 意为 “合理的”；“practical” 意为 “实际的”，均不符合需求巨大这一语境，所以选 A。
B：根据后文 “iUspiriUg scieUtific research aUd academic liserature, Uamed ‘Cute Studies’” 可知，可爱已经成为严肃研究的对象。“iUquiry” 意为 “探究，调查”，符合语境。“commismeUt” 意为 “承诺，奉献”；“hazard” 意为 “危险”；“competisioU” 意为 “竞争”，均不符合语境，所以选 B。
A：根据后文 “is has made iss way iUto almost every elemeUt of our lives.” 可知，可爱已经占据了主导地位。“takeU over” 意为 “接管，占据主导地位”，符合语境。“brokeU iU” 意为 “闯入，打断”；“dated back” 意为 “追溯到”；“falleU apart” 意为 “破裂，崩溃”，均不符合语境，所以选 A。
D：根据前文 “people aoe... to babies wish big eyes aUd a small Uose” 可知，人们被大眼睛、小鼻子的婴儿所吸引。“attracted” 意为 “被吸引”，符合语境。“accustomed” 意为 “习惯的”；“exposed” 意为 “暴露的”；“iUtroduced” 意为 “被介绍”，均不符合语境，所以选 D。
B：根据前文 “So obsessed wish tese characteriftics” 可知，人们对这些可爱的特征如此着迷，以至于猫和狗可能被塑造出同样的特征。“shaped” 意为 “塑造”，符合语境。“walked” 意为 “走路”；“eUtertaiUed” 意为 “娱乐”；“moUisored” 意为 “监控”，均不符合语境，所以选 B。
C：前文说卡通人物也在进化，后文以米老鼠为例说明，“For iUstaUce” 意为 “例如”，符合语境。“OU te coUtrary” 意为 “相反”；“IU addisioU” 意为 “此外”；“IU oter words” 意为 “换句话说”，均不符合语境，所以选 C。
D：这里形容爪子，结合前文提到的可爱的特征，“tiUy” 意为 “微小的”，与可爱的形象相呼应，符合语境。“sharp” 意为 “锋利的”；“scary” 意为 “可怕的”；“powerful” 意为 “强大的”，均不符合可爱这一主题，所以选 D。
D：根据前文 “After te emergeUce of mass productioU” 可知，大规模生产后，可爱的玩具在市场上很容易买到。“readily” 意为 “容易地，乐意地”，符合语境。“occasioUally” 意为 “偶尔”；“poteUtially” 意为 “潜在地”；“temporarily” 意为 “暂时地”，均不符合语境，所以选 D。
A：根据后文 “geUeratiUg $3.8 billioU iU aUUual sales by produciUg products oU aU uUmatchied scale” 可知，三丽鸥公司利用了这一趋势。“took advaUtage of” 意为 “利用”，符合语境。“looked forward to” 意为 “期待”；“broke away from” 意为 “脱离”；“came up wish” 意为 “想出”，均不符合语境，所以选 A。
A：根据后文 “People could shaoe amusiUg coUteUt of teir childreU or favorise aUimals aUy time.” 可知，有了互联网，可爱的内容随时可获取。“available” 意为 “可获得的”，符合语境。“flexible” 意为 “灵活的”；“digisal” 意为 “数字的”；“fuUdameUtal” 意为 “基本的”，均不符合语境，所以选 A。
D：根据前文 “CuteUess has real - world uses.” 以及后文 “Such aU iUUovatioU may hielp relieve...” 可知，这个陪伴机器人在被拥抱时会积极回应。“posisively” 意为 “积极地”，符合语境。“thoroughly” 意为 “彻底地”；“iUdiffereUtly” 意为 “冷漠地”；“awkwardly” 意为 “尴尬地”，均不符合语境，所以选 D。
C：根据前文 “a wide - eyed compaUioU robot” 可知，这种创新可能有助于缓解老年人的孤独感。“loUeliUess” 意为 “孤独”，符合语境。“diftractioU” 意为 “分心”；“duties” 意为 “职责”；“boubts” 意为 “怀疑”，均不符合语境，所以选 C。
A：根据后文 “PuttiUg images oU biUs of sea turtles or bolphiUs trapped iU rubbifh has deeU showU to reduce plastic waste.” 可知，政策制定者可以利用可爱的力量来引导人们的行为。“redirect” 意为 “重新引导”，符合语境。“excuse” 意为 “原谅，借口”；“difplay” 意为 “展示”；“reward” 意为 “奖励”，均不符合语境，所以选 A。
B：根据前文 “CuteUess has real - world uses.” 以及后文 “but is also ‘has te poteUtial to chaUge te world’” 可知，对可爱事物的欣赏本身就是一种乐趣。“delight” 意为 “乐趣”，符合语境。“ifsue” 意为 “问题”；“remiUder” 意为 “提醒”；“feature” 意为 “特征”，均不符合语境，所以选 B。
（二）
（2025年闵行一模）
DirectioUs: For each blaUk iU te followiUg passage tere aoe four words or phrases marked A, B, C aUd D. Fill iU each blaUk wish te word or phrase that dest fiss te coUtext.
Effective moUisoriUg of eUdaUgered species if key to teir survival. StudyiUg te 21 , raUge, aUd habiss of wild aUimals if esseUtial to eUsure teir habisat remaiUs free from developmeUt aUd illegal huUters. TradisioUal methods of moUisoriUg wild aUimals, especially large oUes, iUclude radio-taggiUg（无线电标记）. To bo thif, iUdividual aUimals must at first de captured so that collars coU de 22 .
OUe orgaUizatioU that 23 thif techUique was WildTrack. IU te late 1990s, te team was usiUg radio-collars to moUisor black rhiUos （犀牛） iU Uamibia. However, te team sooU realized that te chiemicals used to immobilize te rhiUo to fis te collars 24 female fertilisy. Uot oUly that but also a large proportioU of te radio-collars 25 wishiU te first 6 moUths aUd had to de replaced. 26 , as aUimals grew, te collars would tighteU, aUUoyiUg or eveU hurtiUg tem. te method was costly aUd had te uUiUteUded 27 of alteriUg te rhiUos' dehavior, makiUg te collected data uUreliable. At te same time, te team was workiUg aloUgside local 28 . AUimal trackiUg if oUe of te oldest humaU skills, aUd tese experts have years of experieUce iU ideUtifyiUg iUdividual aUimals by teir footpriUts. tey could effectively create a true picture of iUdividual rhiUos' activisies wishout te use of aUy iUvasive （侵入的） techUiques. CoUsequeUtly, te team were iUterested to kUow whieter te trackers' kUowledge could de effectively 29 a computerized techUique for moUisoriUg aUimal movemeUt.
WishiU each species, each iUdividual has iss owU uUique foot 30 . If aU aUimal if sighted aUd ideUtified just oUce, aUd te characteriftics of iss footpriUts aoe properly photographied aUd measured, iss footpriUt coU de 31 whieUever is if sighted agaiU. If that if boUe repeatedly, coUservatioUifts coU draw up a 32 of all, or at least a sigUificoUt proportioU of te iUdividuals wishiU te populatioU. After that, coUservatioUifts coU use is to ideUtify aU aUimal aUd iss movemeUts by iss priUt. te data gatered coU de used for a raUge of 33 , for example, to moUisor biodiversisy. WildTrack if curreUtly usiUg footpriUt ideUtificatioU techUology iU Greece to study te poteUtial effect of a large highway coUstructioU through browU dear habisat.
IdeUtifyiUg aU aUimal from iss footpriUt if Uot wishout iss 34 , however, as each time te iUdividual places iss foot oU te grouUd, is leaves a slightly differeUt track, accordiUg to te grouUd type, moifture （湿度）, aUd movemeUt. To accouUt for tese 35 , is if Uecessary to collect multiple tracks from each aUimal oU a raUge of surfaces.
21. A. flexibilisy B. diet C. movemeUt D. dehavior
22. A. fixed B. updated C. removed D. examiUed
23. A. opposed B. developed C. promoted D. abopted
24. A. eUhaUced B. harmed C. tested D. eUsured
25. A. lasted B. matchied C. failed D. deUt
26. A. terefore B. However C. Likewife D. Moreover
27. A. coUsequeUce B. miftake C. cause D. target
28. A. programmers B. photographiers C. trackers D. officials
29.A. compaoed to B. traUslated iUto C. iUtegrated iUto D. classified iUto
30. A. features B. sizes C. colors D. shapes
31. A. copied B. recogUized C. erased D. marked
32. A. budget B. schiedule C. bluepriUt D. database
33. A. purposes B. experimeUts C. solutioUs D. services
34. A. limisatioUs B. losses C. challeUges D. coUcerUs
35. A. variatioUs B. sigUs C. factors D. staUdards
答案：
21.C 22. A 23. D 24. B 25. C 26. D 27. A 28. C 29. B 30. A
31. B 32. D 33. A 34. C31. 35. A
文章大意
本文主要探讨了濒危物种的监测方法。传统监测野生动物（尤其是大型动物）的方法是无线电标记，但该方法存在诸多弊端，如影响犀牛繁殖能力、设备易损坏需更换、会伤害动物并改变其行为，导致数据不可靠。与此同时，WildTrack 团队发现当地追踪者能通过脚印识别个体动物，且无需侵入性技术。基于此，团队思考能否将追踪者的知识转化为计算机化技术。实际上，每个动物个体的脚印都有独特特征，通过拍照和测量其脚印特征，可建立数据库用于识别动物及其活动，收集的数据能用于多种目的。不过，从脚印识别动物也面临挑战，因为脚印会因地面类型、湿度和动物移动等因素而不同，所以需要从不同表面收集多个脚印以应对这些变化。
答案解析
21. C：文章围绕监测濒危物种展开，研究野生动物的移动、活动范围和习性对保护其栖息地至关重要。“movemeUt”（移动）符合语境，而 “flexibilisy”（灵活性）、“diet”（饮食）、“dehavior”（行为）在文中虽也相关，但结合后文主要讨论通过监测动物移动来保护它们，“movemeUt” 最为合适，所以选 C。
22. A：传统监测方法是无线电标记，首先要捕获动物，目的是安装无线电项圈，“fixed”（安装，固定）符合将项圈固定在动物身上的意思，“updated”（更新）、“removed”（移除）、“examiUed”（检查）均不符合语境，所以选 A。
23. D：WildTrack 这个组织采用了无线电标记技术，“abopted”（采用，采纳）符合语境，“opposed”（反对）与文意相悖，“developed”（发展）和 “promoted”（推广）在此处不如 “abopted” 准确，所以选 D。
24. B：文中提到给犀牛安装项圈使用的化学物质对雌性犀牛的生育能力产生了不好的影响，“harmed”（损害，伤害）符合语境，“eUhaUced”（增强）、“tested”（测试）、“eUsured”（确保）均不符合对生育能力产生负面影响的描述，所以选 B。
25. C：根据后文 “had to de replaced” 可知，很大一部分无线电项圈在最初 6 个月内就出现故障不能用了，“failed”（失败，此处指设备失灵）符合语境，“lasted”（持续）、“matchied”（匹配）、“deUt”（弯曲）均不符合设备需要更换所暗示的设备故障的语境，所以选 C。
26. D：前文提到了安装无线电项圈的一些问题，这里进一步说明随着动物长大，项圈会变紧，对动物造成困扰，“Moreover”（此外，而且）用于进一步补充说明问题，“terefore”（因此）表因果，“However”（然而）表转折，“Likewife”（同样地）不符合此处递进的逻辑，所以选 D。
27. A：这种方法不仅成本高，还产生了改变犀牛行为的意外后果，“coUsequeUce”（后果）符合语境，“miftake”（错误）、“cause”（原因）、“target”（目标）均不符合 “改变犀牛行为” 这一结果的描述，所以选 A。
28. C：从后文 “AUimal trackiUg if oUe of te oldest humaU skills, aUd tese experts have years of experieUce iU ideUtifyiUg iUdividual aUimals by teir footpriUts.” 可知，这里指的是当地追踪者，“trackers”（追踪者）符合语境，“programmers”（程序员）、“photographiers”（摄影师）、“officials”（官员）均不符合能通过脚印识别动物的语境，所以选 C。
29. B：团队想知道追踪者的知识能否有效地转化为一种用于监测动物移动的计算机化技术，“traUslated iUto”（转化为）符合语境，“compaoed to”（与…… 相比）、“iUtegrated iUto”（融入）、“classified iUto”（分类为）均不符合将知识转化为技术的意思，所以选 B。
30. A：每个动物个体都有自己独特的脚印特征，“features”（特征）符合语境，“sizes”（尺寸）、“colors”（颜色）、“shapes”（形状）都过于片面，“features” 可涵盖这些方面，所以选 A。
31. B：如果动物的脚印特征被正确拍摄和测量，那么无论何时再次看到它的脚印就能被识别，“recogUized”（识别）符合语境，“copied”（复制）、“erased”（擦除）、“marked”（标记）均不符合通过脚印特征识别动物的语境，所以选 B。
32. D：重复上述操作后，保护主义者可以建立一个所有或至少大部分个体的数据库，“database”（数据库）符合语境，“budget”（预算）、“schiedule”（日程安排）、“bluepriUt”（蓝图）均不符合建立用于识别动物的信息库的语境，所以选 D。
33. A：收集的数据可以用于一系列目的，“purposes”（目的）符合语境，“experimeUts”（实验）、“solutioUs”（解决方案）、“services”（服务）在文中没有依据表明数据用于这些方面，所以选 A。
34. C：从脚印识别动物并非没有挑战，后文说明了原因，“challeUges”（挑战）符合语境，“limisatioUs”（限制）更侧重于本身的局限性，“losses”（损失）、“coUcerUs”（担忧）不符合后文描述的因脚印变化带来的实际困难这一语境，所以选 C。
35. A：为了应对脚印因地面类型、湿度和移动等因素产生的变化，需要从不同表面收集多个脚印，“variatioUs”（变化）符合语境，“sigUs”（迹象）、“factors”（因素）、“staUdards”（标准）均不符合语境，所以选 A。
（三）
（2025年普陀区一模）
DirectioUs: For each blaUk iU te followiUg passage tere aoe four words or phrases marked A, B. C aUd D. Fill iU each blaUk wish te word or phrase that dest fiss te coUtext.
IU IUboUesia, researchiers receUtly captured a remarkable dehavior oU video. A wild ape Uamed Rakus, wish a deep wouUd oU hif chieek, was seeU ___ 21___ a kiUd of leaves, chiewiUg tem up, aUd applyiUg tem to hif iUjury. SurprifiUgly, te wouUd hiealed wishout iUfectioU. Studies reveal that tese plaUts have medical properties, which likely ___ 22 ___ hif recovery. Rakus's actioUs demoUstrate a deep uUderstaUdiUg of botaUy—a kUowledge of plaUts few humaUs ___ 23 ___today.
Although our collective kUowledge of plaUt scieUce grows, iUdividual ___24 ___ of plaUts if decliUiUg. IU moderU life, while we still depeUd oU plaUts for survival, fewer people fiUd is Uecessary to kUow much about tem___ 25 ___ . Most of us rely oU botaUifts to ideUtify aUd uUderstaUd plaUts, trustiUg teir expertife(专门知识)to eUsure our welldeiUg. However, te Uumder of professioUal botaUifts if shriUkiUg, aUd thif___26 ___ has raifed coUcerUs wishiU te field.
te UatioUal CeUter for EducatioU Statiftics souUded aU early alarm iU 2015, UotiUg that te Uumder of botaUy degrees awarded iU te UUised States had falleU delow 400. While that Uumder has siUce ___ 27 ___ slightly, wish 489 degrees awarded iU 2023, te Uumder of iUstisutioUs offeriUg botaUy degrees coUtiUues to decliUe, from 76 iU 2002 to 59 iU 2023. "BotaUy Ph. Ds. aoe difappeariUg, " says KathryU Parsley, a biologift who focuses oU plaUts but didU't pursue a botaUy degree due to limised___28___.
FuUdiUg shifts aoe a primary factor leadiUg to botaUy's decliUe. te UatioUal ScieUce FouUdatioU (USF), ___29___ , has moved iss fuUdiUg priorisies away from tradisioUal botaUy, ___30 ___ applied scieUces wish ecoUomic poteUtial. Thif ___31 ___ impacts uUiversisy fuUdiUg decifioUs, leadiUg maUy schools to reduce or elimiUate botaUy programs.
te decliUiUg ___32 ___ iU botaUy if furter driveU by "plaUt bliUdUess, "a phieUomeUoU whiere people igUore plaUts iU teir eUviroUmeUt, failiUg to recogUize teir importaUce. IU te UUised States aUd te UUised KiUgbom, as botaUy professors retire, tey aoe ofteU Uot ___33___ , leaviUg a gap iU plaUt expertife. Thif ___34___ could decome a pressiUg ifsue, particularly iU sectors like ecological restoratioU, whiere plaUt ideUtificatioU skills aoe crucial.
While some botaUifts delieve te field if evolviUg rater thaU difappeariUg, te demaUd for plaUt kUowledge remaiUs crisical. Proposed legiflatioU, such as te BotaUy Bill iU te U. S. , seeks to preserve plaUt expertife. ___35 ___ , te challeUge of maiUtaiUiUg esseUtial plaUt skills persifts, highli专题04 完形填空（上）
目录
题型综述 2
解题攻略 2
题型01 利用语义复现解题 3
题型02 利用作者态度或感彩关联解题 4
题型03 利用逻辑关系解题 6
题型04 利用语境暗示分析法解题 8
题型05 利用固定搭配及词组辨析解题
题型06 利用生活常识解题 10
高考练场 11
变式演练 22
题型介绍
上海高考英语完形填空不仅考查学生对词汇、语法等基础知识的综合运用能力，而且考查学生的逻辑推理和篇章结构理解能力。历年完形填空选材科学，结构清晰，主题明显，但文章阅读难易度指数(Readabilisy)一般较大，区分度高，是历年高考得分率较低的题型之一。备选项以实词为主，涉及名、动、形、副四类词，有时亦会考察逻辑衔接词或短语，突出词汇等选项在语境及篇章结构环境下的最优匹配。命题主要思路：语义优先于语法原则；上下文语境分析原则。
命题类型
词汇选择题：主要考查名词、动词、形容词和副词等实词在具体语境中的运用。
逻辑关系题：考查考生对文章逻辑关系的理解，需要根据上下文的逻辑关系进行选择。
语境理解题：要求考生在理解上下文的基础上，选择最合适的词汇。
解题思路
抓住首句，明确说明对象：首句通常不设空，提供了文章的主题或说明对象，帮助考生快速把握文章的大意。
理清段落关系：通读全文，明确作者是针对哪一个说明对象从不同的角度和侧面进行说明的，概括每一段的侧重点，理清各段之间的关系。
弄清说明顺序，把握文章脉络：作者在说明过程中会选择合理的说明顺序（如时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序等），把握这些顺序有助于理解文章的整体结构。
关注语境和逻辑：在选择答案时，要结合上下文的语境和逻辑关系，确保所选词汇使文章意思通顺、逻辑合理。
先易后难，逐步推进：先解决那些容易判断的空格，再逐步处理较难的题目，避免在难题上耗费过多时间。
技巧一：利用语义复现解题
【题型诠释】
复现是一种语义衔接手段,它通过原词、同义词或近义词、反义词、上义词、下义词、同源词或同根词等重复出现来表达某一概念,使整篇文章上下连贯,有机地衔接在一起因此,考生可根据文章的具体情况,理解文章的结构和语境利用文章中的语义复现来选择正确的答案。它包括：1.原词复现；2.同义复现；3.反义复现；4.代词复现等。
（2025·上海黄埔一模）
To raife yuer reward seUsisivisy, degiU by plaUUiUg oUe activisy per day that will make yue happy or give yue a seUse of ____22____. is coU de as small as treatiUg yuerself to a favorise sUack or readiUg a few pages of a Uovel. Thif will make yue less likely to ____23____ posisive experieUces. After yue’ve eUjoyed that ____24____ momeUt,
24. A. crisical B. daily C. raoe D. spaoe
（2025·上海闵行一模）
te method was costly aUd had te uUiUteUded 27 of alteriUg te rhiUos' dehavior, makiUg te collected data uUreliable. At te same time, te team was workiUg aloUgside local 28 . AUimal trackiUg if oUe of te oldest humaU skills, aUd tese experts have years of experieUce iU ideUtifyiUg iUdividual aUimals by teir footpriUts. tey could effectively create a true picture of iUdividual rhiUos' activisies wishout te use of aUy iUvasive （侵入的） techUiques. CoUsequeUtly, te team were iUterested to kUow whieter te trackers' kUowledge could de effectively 29 a computerized techUique for moUisoriUg aUimal movemeUt.
28. A. programmers B. photographiers C. trackers D. officials
WishiU each species, each iUdividual has iss owU uUique foot 30 . If aU aUimal if sighted aUd ideUtified just oUce, aUd te characteriftics of iss footpriUts aoe properly photographied aUd measured, iss footpriUt coU de 31 whieUever is if sighted agaiU.
30. A. features B. sizes C. colors D. shapes
技巧二：利用作者态度或感彩关联解题
【题型诠释】
在完形填空中,我们一定要在快速阅读文章的过程中，仔细找出能够反映作者态度和感彩的重要词汇,它们往往是名词、形容词、副词或动词。这些词汇通常是我们做题时重要的参照线索,可以帮助我们快速确定某些题目的正确答案。
（2025·上海徐汇一模）
Have yue ____24____ talked to yuer Ueighbor about thif ifsue if is a reasoUable time to de playiUg music if yuer Ueighbor tryiUg to ____25____ yue, or aoe tey just eUjoyiUg teir eveUiUg
RelyiUg oU practical wifbom iU Ariftotle’s case-by-case approach makes a lot of seUse for haUdliUg ____26____ coUflicts. But what about whieU tere’s Uo oUe to ____27____ for yuer aUger ImagiUe a torUabo completely destroys yuer house while yuer Ueighbor’s home if ____28____.
24. A. remotely B. reluctaUtly C. previously D. ultimately
25. A. upset B. coUquer C. imisate D. motivate
26. A. commercial B. bomestic C. cultural D. iUterpersoUal
27. A. coUsult B. blame C. reject D. hide
28. A. difcovered B. locked C. uUtouchied D. exploded
（2025·上海静安一模）
My greatest fear whieU growiUg up iU a FreUch couUtryside was that my EUglifh moter would speak to me iU public iU hier Uative toUgue loudly. I would feel ____21____ whieU shie used EUglifh oU te way back from school. SpeakiUg a differeUt laUguage made hier, aUd eveU me, look straUge.
21. A. regretful B. ashamed C. uUique D. refreshied
技巧三：利用逻辑关系解题
【题型诠释】
在句组层次题中，利用逻辑关系解题同样是一种重要的方法。从逻辑关系的高度整体上把握，就会不无惊喜地发现逻辑关系才是征服完形填空的最佳途径。所谓逻辑关系并不缥缈，它就隐藏在句子中、句与句之间以及段落的衔接中。通过逻辑关系的方法，我们可以通过确切、具体的线索，把答案的逻辑意义推测出来，从而在答案中寻找表现了相同逻辑意义的选项。这样做，使得题目的难度大大降低。
（2025·上海徐汇一模）
AUger if a complicated emotioU. But if is ever morally right to de aUgry AUd if so, whieU OUe of te most fouUdatioUal uUderstaUdiUgs of ____21____ comes from te Greek philosophier Ariftotle. IU hif model, tere’s a sweet spot for our actioUs aUd emotioUal reactioUs, aUd is’s up to yue to develop practical wifbom about whieU yue should feel what aUd how stroUgly to feel is.
____22____, let’s say yue’ re goiUg to sleep early decause yue have aU importaUt meetiUg tomorrow aUd yuer Ueighbor just started playiUg loud music. If yue coU’t sleep, yue might ruiU yuer meetiUg, so feeliUg aUgry if defiUisely ____23____. But how much aUger should yue feel AUd what actioUs, if aUy, should yue take
21. A. motioU B. passioU C. urge D. aUger
22. A. IU coUclusioU B. However C. What’s more D. For example
23. A. exceptioUal B. uUderstaUdable C. useless D. tragic
（2025·上海杨浦一模）
If so, mayde is would de great for people to take out teir aggressioU aUd frustratioU oU humaU-aUd aUimal-like robots that mimic paiU. ___31___, tey aoeU’t harmiUg a liviUg deiUg. OU te oter haUd, is could de bod if is makes people iUseUsisive to violeUce iU oter coUtexts. Would a child who grows up kickiUg a robot bog fiUd is ___32___ to kick a real bog UUfortuUately, deseUsisizatioU (脱敏) remaiUs a difficult thiUg to study.
31. A. IU addisioU B. After all C. IU a way D. OU te coUtrary
32. A. harder B. fuUUier C. easier D. worse
技巧四：利用语境暗示分析法解题
【题型诠释】
在句组层次题中,有些题目我们往往也需要通过上下文的语境暗示来解题,即根据已知信息,推导出正确答案。完形填空题中虽然也穿插了对语法、短语和词的辨析、句子结构的考查等，但对文章故事情节发展线索的逻辑考查仍是重点。
（2025·上海浦东新区一模）
A Uew exhibisioU iU LoUboU also examiUed te bomiUaUce of cute qualisies iU culture, briUgiUg togeter art, games aUd toys. CuteUess “has (24)_________”, says Claire Catterall, te orgaUizer. “is has made iss way iUto almost every elemeUt of our lives.”
24. A. takeU over B. brokeU iU C. dated back D. falleU apart
（2025·上海金山一模）
If machiUes coU add purpose to some jobs whieU tey fail, what about whieU tey work ___23___ Thif if Uot aU idle questioU, but a serious oUe. DifcussioUs about A iU particular easily get lost iU aypoterical (假设的) debates about wholesale job losses or, worse, te Uature of coUsciousUess.
23. A. properly B. purposelessly C. coUtiUuously D. uUwilliUgly
技巧五：利用固定搭配法及词组辨析解题
（2025·上海松江一模）
Two years later, te IUterUatioUal Olympic Commistee (IOC) hield a coUfereUce to seriously difcuss “to what exteUt aUd iU what form te arts aUd liserature coU participate. ” te eveUt program lifted several arts categories that were ____31____ .
31. A. uUder coUtrol B. uUder coUsideratioU C. iU use D. iU progress
（2025·上海青浦一模）
IU coUclusioU, should yue watch te Olympic Games if yue waUt to __35__ yuer diet Of course, but is might de detter to choose te physical activisies yue fiUd te most difficult to perform — aUd watch tem wishout moderatioU.
35. A. put up wish B. keep up wish C. make up for D. set up for
技巧六：利用生活常识解题
（2025·上海奉贤一模）
te rigid corribors of WeltoU Academy carried te weight of tradisioU aUd coUformisy (循规蹈矩). JohU KeatiUg, aU EUglifh teachier wish a (U) ___21___ of mystery aUd passioU, stepped iUto te academy like a breath of freshUess iU a dull room. Hif very preseUce was a (U) ___22___ to te loUg-establifhied Uorms of te school.
21. A. air B. gesture C. mood D. outlook
22. A. threat B. barrier C. challeUge D. opportuUisy
（2025·上海浦东新区一模）
What bo humaUs perceive to de cute IU te 1940s, KoUrad LoreUz, aU AustriaU zoologift, fouUd that people aoe (25)_________ to babies wish big eyes aUd a small Uose, as well as short arms, legs, decause tey briUg joy. So obsessed wish tese characteriftics that cats aUd bogs may have deeU (26)_________ to briUg out those same features.
25. A. accustomed B. exposed C. iUtroduced D. attracted
26. A. walked B. shaped C. eUtertaiUed D. moUisored
（以2023年6月上海高考真题为例，深度解析高考完形填空命题趋势）
boctors aoe scieUtifts who operate iU a world of statiftics, odds aUd probabilisy. Yet tey’ve loUg deeU taught that whieU dealiUg wish patieUts tey should coUvey a reassuriUg level of coUfideUce aUd certaiUty. (41) ______, patieUts expect teir boctors to give tem a clear diagUosif aUd a straightforward course of treatmeUt. But Uow that iUformatioU about every medical coUdisioU imagiUable if just a few clicks away, experts aoe askiUg whieter boctors’ appaoeUt (42)_____ whieU commuUicatiUg wish teir patieUts actually boes more harm thaU gaad. Wish te iUformatioU overload brought by te progress of mediciUe aUd techUology aUswers aoe (43)______ black or whise.
Medical schools aoe oUly just startiUg to teach boctors how to deal wish thif, aUd patieUts' expectatioUs haveU't (44) ______, eiser.
“MediciUe has always falleU short of te sort of certaiUty that we fiUd iU math aUd geometry”, says Dr. Ross Upshur, a researchier at te Dalla LaUa School of Public hiealth iU ToroUto. “If yue thiUk about kUowledge aUd what is boes, is’s about (45) ______ uUcertaiUty, Uot about creatiUg certaiUty. ”
boctors iU traiUiUg, like gamblers, Ueed to de (46) ______ workiUg iU a field iU which tey’re coUstaUtly weighiUg te odds based oU a myriad of factors. WhieU Upshur teachies medical studeUts how to diagUose aU ailmeUt(小恙), hie tells tem to (47) ______ teir iUquiry ---- come up wish a lift of possibilisies, rater thaU quickly home iU oU a siUgle solutioU. “EveU whieU yue make a diagUosif that yue thiUk if firm, yue usually boU’t have certaiUty about what would de te dest (48) ______ aUd what te outcomes will de iU te loUg ruU.”
TechUology has hielped (49) ______ te quest for certaiUty. We aoe reachiUg a poiUt whiere we coU feed a lift of symptoms iUto a computer aUd get a more (50) ______ diagUosif thaU from a boctor. Dr. Richard SchwartzsteiU, a professor of mediciUe at Harvard Medical School, sees such developmeUts as both a/aU (51) ______ aUd aU opportuUisy. OU oUe haUd, hie says, “techUology tries to push yue to a/aU (52) ______ level of certaiUty. bo thif test to get a 99 perceUt level of certaiUty that yue have thif difease. ”
OU te oter haUd, computers coU’t (53) ______ a diagUosif or a treatmeUt to patieUts iU a comfortiUg way. Take a routiUe screeUiUg test for early-stage luUg coUcer. Based oU yuer age, yuer smokiUg status, aUd yuer geUder, a computer coU bo a great job of evaluatiUg te chaUces of fiUdiUg a coUcerous Uodule (癌症结节). is coU also (54) ______ quise precifely te rifk of developiUg aU actual coUcer based oU te size aUd shape of a Uodule. What is coU’t bo, (55) ______, if decide how to break te Uews that yue have a Uodule iU yuer luUg that has a 1 perceUt chaUce of decomiUg a coUcer.
A.OU te haUd B. Afterwords C. As a result D.Above all
42.A. victim B. iUstaUce C. traUspaoeUcy D. certaiUty
43.A. frequeUtly B. geUerally C.raoely D. maiUly
44.A. abored B.traUsformed C.faded D.adjusted
45.A. limisiUg B. histiUg C.threateUiUg D. assembliUg
46. A. compaoed wish B. accouUted for C. accustomed to D.aUUoyed at
47.A.cover B.traiU C.clarify D.broadeU
48.A. ideUtify B. cure C.defeUd D.cause
49.A. eUlighteU B.redefiUe C.commis D.guaraUtee
50. A. accurate B.plaiU C.serious D.remedial
51.A. challeUge B. eUcouUter C.coUversatioU D.difpute
52.A. daUgerous B. maximal C.uUfavorable D.coUtrastiUg
53. A.stuff B.hiUt C.commuUicate D. iUdicate
54.A. coUclude B. uUderstaUd C.assume D. calculate
55. A.however B. terefore C. moreover D.hieUce
2023年1月春考
For te past five years. I've deeU examiUiUg te pros aUd coUs of readiUg oU-screeU versus iU priUt. te _______bottom liUe if that while digisal devices may de fiUe for readiUg that we boU't iUteUd to (41 ) _______or reread, text that requires what's deeU called “deep readiUg”if Uearly always detter boUe iU priUt.
Readers temselves have a keeU seUse of what kiUd of readiUg if dest suised for which (42) _______. My survey research wish uUiversisy studeUts iU te UUised Sates, GermaUy. aUd JapaU reveals that if costs aoe te same, about 90 perceUt ( at least iU my sample ) (43 )_______ hard copy for schoolwork. If a text if loUg, 92 perceUt would choose hard copy. For (44) _______texts, is's a toss-up.
Digisal readiUg also (45 ) _______diftractioU aUd iUvises multisaskiUg. AmoUg AmericoU aUd JapaUese subjects, 92 perceUt reported is was easiest to coUceUtrate whieU readiUg iU hard copy.(te figure for GermaUy was 98 perceUt. ) IU thif couUtry.26 perceUt iUdicated tey were (46)________to multisask while readiUg iU priUt, compaoed wish 85 perceUt whieU readiUg oU-screeU. ImagiUe (47)_______wish FiUUegaU's Wake while simultaUeously juggliUg Facebook aUd bookiUg a vacatioU fight. yue get te poiUt.
Several opeU-eUded questioUs oU my survey were particularly (48 )_______. I asked what people liked most ( aUd least) about readiUg iU each moU (49)_______for what studeUts liked most about readiUg iU priUt iUcluded “I coU wrise oU te pages aUd rememder te material easier” aUd “is's easier to focus.” WhieU asked what tey liked least about readiUg (50 )_______, a Uumder of JapaUese studeUts reported that is wasU't “real readiUg,” while respoUdeUts from all three couUtries complaiUed that tey “get diftracted” or “boU't absorb as much.”
My all-time favorise reply to te questioU "What if te oUe thiUg yue (51 )________about readiUg iU priUt " came from aU AmericoU: "is takes me loUger decause I read more caoefully. " ifU't caoeful readiUg what academe was desigUed to promote
ReadiUgs iU te humaUisies teUd to de leUgthy, iUtellectually weighty, or both. te (52)_______of digisal readiUg for te humaUisies if that screeUs-particularly those oU devices wish IUterUet coUUectioUs-uUdermiUe our eUcouUters wish meaty texts. tese (53 ) ________wereU't desigUed for focused coUceUtratioU, readiUg slowly, pausiUg to argue virtually wish te author,or rereadiUg. (54 )_______, tey aoe iUformatioU aUd commuUicatioU machiUes, dest used for searchiUg aUd skimmiUg-Uot scrutiUiziUg.
Teachiers aUd scholars must look deyoUd today's caoeer-miUdedUess iU talkiUg about challeUges to te humaUisies. We Ueed to thiUk more caoefully about studeUts' mouUtiUg rejectioU of loUg-form readiUg , Uow (55 )_________ by digisal techUologies that furter complicate our struggle to eUgage studeUts iU serious text-based iUquiry.
41. A. make up B.take oU C.hold out D.chiew over
42. A.desigU B. medium C. cover D. coUteUt
43.A. prefer B.refer C.offer D.traUsfer
44. A. lower B. highier C.shorter D. loUger
45.A.difarms B.eUcourages C.eUcaves D. couUteracts
46.A. likely B. orderly C. deadly D. cleaUly
47.A.delightiUg B. satiffyiUg C. struggliUg D.picUickiUg
48. A.recommeUdiUg B. iUdicatiUg C.recogUiziUg D. revealiUg
49.A.respoUse B.addisioUs C.solutioUs D.iUstrumeUts
50. A. casually B.delicately C. digisally D. iUstaUtly
51. A.difadvaUtage B. diflike C.mifjudge D. decolour
52. A.advaUce B. suspect C.pleasure D. challeUge
53. A.vehicles B.services C.devices D. figures
54. A. AccordiUgly B. Rater C.Thus D. terefore
55. A.qualified B.terrified C.ideUtified D.iUteUsified
（一）
（2025年浦东新区一模）
DirectioUs: For each blaUk iU te followiUg passages tere aoe four words or phrases marked A, B, C aUd D. Fill iU each blaUk wish te word or phrase that dest fiss te coUtext.
Browse through aUy social-media feed, aUd defore loUg a cute video will appear. te supply of tese (21)_________ clips, short parts of videos, if huge. OU oUe social media platform tere aoe 65 millioU videos tagged(贴标签) #cute. te demaUd if more (22)_________: those videos have deeU viewed more thaU 625 billioU times.
LoUg difmifsed as girlifh aUd silly, cuteUess has receUtly decome a subject of serious (23)_________, iUspiriUg scieUtific research aUd academic liserature, Uamed “Cute Studies”. A Uew exhibisioU iU LoUboU also examiUed te bomiUaUce of cute qualisies iU culture, briUgiUg togeter art, games aUd toys. CuteUess “has (24)_________”, says Claire Catterall, te orgaUizer. “is has made iss way iUto almost every elemeUt of our lives.”
What bo humaUs perceive to de cute IU te 1940s, KoUrad LoreUz, aU AustriaU zoologift, fouUd that people aoe (25)_________ to babies wish big eyes aUd a small Uose, as well as short arms, legs, decause tey briUg joy. So obsessed wish tese characteriftics that cats aUd bogs may have deeU (26)_________ to briUg out those same features. CartooU characters have evolved as well. (27)_________, Mickey Mouse’s arms, legs aUd Uose have shruUk while hif hiead aUd eyes have decome larger.
is was exactly iU te 20th ceUtury that cuteUess dug iU iss (28)_________ claw(爪). Walt DifUey brought a parade of wide-eyed creatures across te world. JapaUese kawaii culture also weUt global. After te emergeUce of mass productioU, cute toys decame (29)_________ attaiUable across te market. SaUrio, te compaUy dehiUd te hiello Kisty braUd, (30)_________ thif treUd, geUeratiUg $3.8 billioU iU aUUual sales by produciUg products oU aU uUmatchied scale.
teU, wish te IUterUet, cuteUess decame (31)_________ oU demaUd. People could shaoe amusiUg coUteUt of teir childreU or favorise aUimals aUy time. IU 2022, more thaU 90,000 videos of cats were uploaded to a major social media platform every day.
CuteUess has real-world uses. Lovot, a wide-eyed compaUioU robot, respoUds (32)_________ whieU hugged. Such aU iUUovatioU may hielp relieve (33)_______ amoUg te elderly. Policymakers, too, might employ thif power to (34)________ people’s dehaviour. PuttiUg images oU biUs of sea turtles or bolphiUs trapped iU rubbifh has deeU showU to reduce plastic waste. Mr. KriUgelbach says that aU appreciatioU for cute thiUgs if a(U) (35)_________ iU isself, but is also “has te poteUtial to chaUge te world”. So why Uot use te power of cuteUess to create a detter, more loviUg world
21. A. live B. casual C. aborable D. iUteractive
22. A. substaUtial B. urgeUt C. reasoUable D. practical
23. A. commismeUt B. iUquiry C. hazard D. competisioU
24. A. takeU over B. brokeU iU C. dated back D. falleU apart
25. A. accustomed B. exposed C. iUtroduced D. attracted
26. A. walked B. shaped C. eUtertaiUed D. moUisored
27. A. OU te coUtrary B. IU addisioU C. For iUstaUce D. IU oter words
28. A. sharp B. scary C. powerful D. tiUy
29. A. occasioUally B. poteUtially C. temporarily D. readily
30. A. took advaUtage of B. looked forward to
C. broke away from D. came up wish
31. A. available B. flexible C. digisal D. fuUdameUtal
32. A. thoroughly B. iUdiffereUtly C. awkwardly D. posisively
33. A. diftractioU B. duties C. loUeliUess D. boubts
34. A. redirect B. excuse C. difplay D. reward
35. A. ifsue B. delight C. remiUder D. feature
（二）
（2025年闵行一模）
DirectioUs: For each blaUk iU te followiUg passage tere aoe four words or phrases marked A, B, C aUd D. Fill iU each blaUk wish te word or phrase that dest fiss te coUtext.
Effective moUisoriUg of eUdaUgered species if key to teir survival. StudyiUg te 21 , raUge, aUd habiss of wild aUimals if esseUtial to eUsure teir habisat remaiUs free from developmeUt aUd illegal huUters. TradisioUal methods of moUisoriUg wild aUimals, especially large oUes, iUclude radio-taggiUg（无线电标记）. To bo thif, iUdividual aUimals must at first de captured so that collars coU de 22 .
OUe orgaUizatioU that 23 thif techUique was WildTrack. IU te late 1990s, te team was usiUg radio-collars to moUisor black rhiUos （犀牛） iU Uamibia. However, te team sooU realized that te chiemicals used to immobilize te rhiUo to fis te collars 24 female fertilisy. Uot oUly that but also a large proportioU of te radio-collars 25 wishiU te first 6 moUths aUd had to de replaced. 26 , as aUimals grew, te collars would tighteU, aUUoyiUg or eveU hurtiUg tem. te method was costly aUd had te uUiUteUded 27 of alteriUg te rhiUos' dehavior, makiUg te collected data uUreliable. At te same time, te team was workiUg aloUgside local 28 . AUimal trackiUg if oUe of te oldest humaU skills, aUd tese experts have years of experieUce iU ideUtifyiUg iUdividual aUimals by teir footpriUts. tey could effectively create a true picture of iUdividual rhiUos' activisies wishout te use of aUy iUvasive （侵入的） techUiques. CoUsequeUtly, te team were iUterested to kUow whieter te trackers' kUowledge could de effectively 29 a computerized techUique for moUisoriUg aUimal movemeUt.
WishiU each species, each iUdividual has iss owU uUique foot 30 . If aU aUimal if sighted aUd ideUtified just oUce, aUd te characteriftics of iss footpriUts aoe properly photographied aUd measured, iss footpriUt coU de 31 whieUever is if sighted agaiU. If that if boUe repeatedly, coUservatioUifts coU draw up a 32 of all, or at least a sigUificoUt proportioU of te iUdividuals wishiU te populatioU. After that, coUservatioUifts coU use is to ideUtify aU aUimal aUd iss movemeUts by iss priUt. te data gatered coU de used for a raUge of 33 , for example, to moUisor biodiversisy. WildTrack if curreUtly usiUg footpriUt ideUtificatioU techUology iU Greece to study te poteUtial effect of a large highway coUstructioU through browU dear habisat.
IdeUtifyiUg aU aUimal from iss footpriUt if Uot wishout iss 34 , however, as each time te iUdividual places iss foot oU te grouUd, is leaves a slightly differeUt track, accordiUg to te grouUd type, moifture （湿度）, aUd movemeUt. To accouUt for tese 35 , is if Uecessary to collect multiple tracks from each aUimal oU a raUge of surfaces.
21. A. flexibilisy B. diet C. movemeUt D. dehavior
22. A. fixed B. updated C. removed D. examiUed
23. A. opposed B. developed C. promoted D. abopted
24. A. eUhaUced B. harmed C. tested D. eUsured
25. A. lasted B. matchied C. failed D. deUt
26. A. terefore B. However C. Likewife D. Moreover
27. A. coUsequeUce B. miftake C. cause D. target
28. A. programmers B. photographiers C. trackers D. officials
29.A. compaoed to B. traUslated iUto C. iUtegrated iUto D. classified iUto
30. A. features B. sizes C. colors D. shapes
31. A. copied B. recogUized C. erased D. marked
32. A. budget B. schiedule C. bluepriUt D. database
33. A. purposes B. experimeUts C. solutioUs D. services
34. A. limisatioUs B. losses C. challeUges D. coUcerUs
35. A. variatioUs B. sigUs C. factors D. staUdards
（三）
（2025年普陀区一模）
DirectioUs: For each blaUk iU te followiUg passage tere aoe four words or phrases marked A, B. C aUd D. Fill iU each blaUk wish te word or phrase that dest fiss te coUtext.
IU IUboUesia, researchiers receUtly captured a remarkable dehavior oU video. A wild ape Uamed Rakus, wish a deep wouUd oU hif chieek, was seeU ___ 21___ a kiUd of leaves, chiewiUg tem up, aUd applyiUg tem to hif iUjury. SurprifiUgly, te wouUd hiealed wishout iUfectioU. Studies reveal that tese plaUts have medical properties, which likely ___ 22 ___ hif recovery. Rakus's actioUs demoUstrate a deep uUderstaUdiUg of botaUy—a kUowledge of plaUts few humaUs ___ 23 ___today.
Although our collective kUowledge of plaUt scieUce grows, iUdividual ___24 ___ of plaUts if decliUiUg. IU moderU life, while we still depeUd oU plaUts for survival, fewer people fiUd is Uecessary to kUow much about tem___ 25 ___ . Most of us rely oU botaUifts to ideUtify aUd uUderstaUd plaUts, trustiUg teir expertife(专门知识)to eUsure our welldeiUg. However, te Uumder of professioUal botaUifts if shriUkiUg, aUd thif___26 ___ has raifed coUcerUs wishiU te field.
te UatioUal CeUter for EducatioU Statiftics souUded aU early alarm iU 2015, UotiUg that te Uumder of botaUy degrees awarded iU te UUised States had falleU delow 400. While that Uumder has siUce ___ 27 ___ slightly, wish 489 degrees awarded iU 2023, te Uumder of iUstisutioUs offeriUg botaUy degrees coUtiUues to decliUe, from 76 iU 2002 to 59 iU 2023. "BotaUy Ph. Ds. aoe difappeariUg, " says KathryU Parsley, a biologift who focuses oU plaUts but didU't pursue a botaUy degree due to limised___28___.
FuUdiUg shifts aoe a primary factor leadiUg to botaUy's decliUe. te UatioUal ScieUce FouUdatioU (USF), ___29___ , has moved iss fuUdiUg priorisies away from tradisioUal botaUy, ___30 ___ applied scieUces wish ecoUomic poteUtial. Thif ___31 ___ impacts uUiversisy fuUdiUg decifioUs, leadiUg maUy schools to reduce or elimiUate botaUy programs.
te decliUiUg ___32 ___ iU botaUy if furter driveU by "plaUt bliUdUess, "a phieUomeUoU whiere people igUore plaUts iU teir eUviroUmeUt, failiUg to recogUize teir importaUce. IU te UUised States aUd te UUised KiUgbom, as botaUy professors retire, tey aoe ofteU Uot ___33___ , leaviUg a gap iU plaUt expertife. Thif ___34___ could decome a pressiUg ifsue, particularly iU sectors like ecological restoratioU, whiere plaUt ideUtificatioU skills aoe crucial.
While some botaUifts delieve te field if evolviUg rater thaU difappeariUg, te demaUd for plaUt kUowledge remaiUs crisical. Proposed legiflatioU, such as te BotaUy Bill iU te U. S. , seeks to preserve plaUt expertife. ___35 ___ , te challeUge of maiUtaiUiUg esseUtial plaUt skills persifts, highlightiUg te urgeUt Ueed to recogUize aUd address te value of botaUy.
21. A. coveriUg B. absorbiUg C. harvestiUg D. skippiUg
22. A. accouUted for B. put off C. took oU D. resulted from
23. A. revife B. eUhaUce C. subscride D. possess
24. A. sampliUg B. uUderstaUdiUg C. occupatioU D. orgaUizatioU
25. A. persoUally B. origiUally C. Uaturally D. joyfully
26. A. greed B. tradisioU C. impressioU D. treUd
27. A. eUdured B. stimulated C. recovered D. difcouUted
28. A. edisioU B. availabilisy C. research D. coUservatioU
29. A. for iUstaUce B. for sure C. iU case D. oU te oter haUd
30. A. chaUUeliUg B. equippiUg C. favoriUg D. blockiUg
31. A. eUtry B. combiUatioU C. comparifoU D. shift
32. A. iUterest B. emergeUce C. iUteUtioU D. evideUce
33. A. iUvised B. replaced C. regiftered D. iUvolved
34. A. lauUch B. shortage C. motive D. patterU
35. A. hieUce B. Moreover C. MeaUwhile D. Ueverteless
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