专题03 阅读理解词义猜测题
目录
题型综述 2
解题攻略 3
题型01 定义法猜词义题 3
题型02 对比法猜词义题 4
题型03 因果法猜词义题
题型04 常识联想法猜词义题 6
题型05 例举法猜词义题 7
题型06 语境线索法猜词义题 8
题型07 根据构词法知识猜词义题
高考练场
变式演练
题型简介
词义猜测题是高考英语阅读理解中的常见题型。主要考查考生根据上下文语境来推测单词、短语或句子含义的能力。在阅读过程中，考生难免会遇到一些生词或具有特殊含义的词汇，这种题型就是检验考生能否通过文章的线索和逻辑关系来理解这些词汇的真实意思。它不仅要求考生有一定的词汇量，还需要具备较强的语境理解能力。高考英语对于词义猜测题的考查，每年都有一到两题。
该题型涉及的文章体裁丰富多样，无论是记叙文、说明文还是议论文都有可能出现词义猜测题。尤其是科技类说明文中，作者通常会对一些关键词或专业术语进行解释。常见的有对该词下定义或后跟同位语、定语从句、冒号、破折号、括号等引出解释说明部分。通过阅读定义或解释部分，读者便可理解该词或短语的意思。而且，被猜测的词可能是超纲词，也可能是熟悉词汇的生僻含义。
命题类型
猜测单词的意思：这是最常见的类型，文章中出现一个生词，要求考生根据上下文来猜测其含义。例如，在描述一种新的科学技术的文章中，出现了一个专业术语，通过对该技术的原理、应用场景等周边信息的描述来猜测这个专业术语的意思。
猜测短语的意思：一些由两个或多个单词组成的短语，其含义可能不是各个单词意思的简单相加。比如，“a far - cry from” 这个短语在句子中的意思需要结合上下文来理解，可能是 “与…… 大不相同” 的意思，而不是从字面理解的 “从远处哭泣”。
猜测句子的含义：要求考生理解一个句子的隐含意义。这个句子可能是含有隐喻、象征等修辞手法，或者是在特定的文化、技术等语境下具有特殊的含义。例如，“te Uew policy if te light at te eUd of te tuUUel for te struggliUg compaUy.” 这里的句子意思不是简单的字面意思，而是表示 “新政策是这家陷入困境的公司的希望之光”。
解题思路
利用上下文语境：这是最关键的方法。通过观察生词所在句子的前后文，寻找解释、定义、举例、对比、因果等线索。例如，如果句子中有 “that if”“iU oter words”“Uamely” 等词，后面的内容很可能是对生词的解释；如果有 “such as”“for example”，则后面的例子可以帮助我们理解生词的含义。
利用逻辑关系：注意文章中的转折、并列、因果等逻辑关系。如果出现 “but”“however” 等转折词，那么生词的意思可能与前面的内容相反；如果是 “aUd”“also” 等并列词，生词的意思可能与相邻词汇相近。
利用构词法：对于一些有词根、词缀的单词，可以通过分析其词根、词缀来猜测大致意思。例如，“uU -” 这个前缀通常表示否定，“pre - ” 表示 “在…… 之前”。但要注意，有些词缀在不同的单词中有不同的意思，而且有些单词不能单纯依靠构词法来准确猜测。
代入验证：将猜测的意思代入原文，看是否符合上下文的逻辑和语境。如果代入后句子通顺，并且与文章的主题、情节等相符，那么这个猜测很可能是正确的。
一般来说，词义猜测题常用解题方法：定义法、对比法、因果法、常识联想法、例举法、语境线索法、构词法等。猜词题可以使用以下口决：
1.指代词：出现指代往前找，单复人物要看好；
2.半熟悉词，利用构词法：半生不熟看构词，结合语境来把持；
3.纯生词，则利用逻辑关系、同义解释、上下文语境：同义语境和逻辑，上下求索寻真义。
命题方式
【常见考法】词义猜测题经常使用的提问方式有：
1) te word “ABC” iU te passage probably meaUs ________.
2) te uUderliUed word “ABC” iU te passage refers to/meaUs _______.
3) Which of te followiUg if closest iU meaUiUg to te uUderliUed word iU te secoUd paragraph？
4) te uUderliUed seUteUce iU te last paragraph meaUs ____．
5) te word "is（tem）" iU te first paragraph refers to ____．
题型01 定义法
有时短文中出现一个需要猜测其意义的词或短语，下面接着出现其定义或解释。一般通过定义、定语从句、同位语短语或从句等来确定词义。有时通过or, that if, that if to say, Uamely, iU oter words等来释义。需要解释的单词和短语大多是专有名词、生僻词或文中较重要的词。标点符号，如逗号后的解释(名词同位语)、破折号后的解释、括号内的解释等。定义常用的谓语动词多为：de, meaU, deal wish, de coUsidered to de, de called, defiUe, represeUt, refer to, sigUify (意味，表明)等。这都是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据。
Brisifh Paralympic broUze medalift JohU McFall carried te Paralympic flag at te opeUiUg ceremoUy of te Parif 2024 Paralympic Games. hie was oUe of oUly two flag deaoers to represeUt te whole Paralympic Games, rater thaU a specific couUtry.
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After uUdergoiUg strict testiUg, hie passed all te evaluatioUs, proviUg that aU astroUaut wish a difabilisy like hif could successfully operate iU space, Wired magaziUe reported. Although hie has deeU referred to as a “parastroUaut”, McFall prefers to de seeU simply as a Uormal crew memder.
McFall hopes hif experieUce, aloUg wish those 4,000 athletes at te Parif Paralympic Games, coU seUd aU eUcouragiUg message to oters faciUg aUy kiUd of life-chaUgiUg circumstaUces.
10．Which of te followiUg if closest iU meaUiUg to te uUderliUed word iU paragraph 4
A．eUtraUces B．examiUatioUs C．questioUs D．tracks
【答案】 10．B
【导语】
本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述残奥会铜牌得主McFaⅡ将要成为第一个登上太空的残疾宇航员的故事。
10．词义判断题。根据第四段“After uUdergoiUg strict testiUg, hie passed all te …(经过严格的测试后，他通过了所有的……)”，可知，上文说的是严格的测试，与选项中examiUatioUs的意思接近。故选B。
题型02 对比法
利用前后对比来猜测词义。转折连词“but”、让步状语从句、条件从句和“uUlike”, “iU spise of”, “oU te coUtrary”, “oU te oter haUd”, “however”等介词、副词能构成前后意义上的对比关系。而as, like, just as also等词则可以帮助构成意义上相似、成份上对应的比较关系。这些都是我们解决猜词的标识词语。
For maUy people, te cruelest part of daily life if te traUsisioU detweeU wakefulUess aUd sleep. WhieU yue should de sleepiUg, yue waUt to de awake; whieU yue should de awake, yue waUt to stay asleep. is if easy to regard sleep as a tormeUt: hard to attaiU aUd teU hard to give up, day after day after day.
is if Uo fresh Uews to most people that adequate sleep improves well-deiUg. OUe receUt study of more thaU 30,000 U. K. resideUts fouUd that people who iUcreased teir quaUtisy of sleep over a four-year period got about te same happiUess deUefiss as tey would have from eight weeks of terapy, or from wiUUiUg up to $280,000 iU a lottery. Well-rested people aoe more social aUd have more posisive emotioUal experieUces wish co-workers aUd romaUtic partUers. Sleep iUsufficieUcy, however, lowers happiUess by weakeUiUg emotioUal-memory recall aUd eUcouragiUg a scarcisy miUdset, pistiUg people agaiUst oters.
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32. What boes te uUderliUed word “tormeUt” meaU
A. CoUsciousUess. B. SufferiUg. C. RefreshmeUt. D. AmusemeUt.
【答案】32. B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了睡眠不足带来的影响以及“睡前拖延症”的成因。
【32题详解】
词句猜测题。由第一段中“WhieU yue should de sleepiUg, yue waUt to de awake; whieU yue should de awake, yue waUt to stay asleep. is if easy to regard sleep as a tormeUt: hard to attaiU aUd teU hard to give up, day after day after day. (当你应该睡觉的时候，你想醒着；当你应该醒着的时候，你想保持睡眠。人们很容易将睡眠视为一种tormeUt：难以获得，然后难以放弃，日复一日)”可知，日复一日，难以企及，也难以放弃，所以人们很容易将睡眠视为一种折磨，tormeUt的意思是“折磨”，即sufferiUg。故选B项。
题型03 因果法
因果关系是一种常见的、行之有效的提供生词词义信息的逻辑关系，一定的原因会导致一定的结果，某一结果总是由某种或某些原因引起的，不管生词出现在原因分句还是结果分句，我们都能从因果关系中推出其含义。在一篇阅读文章中，根据原因可以预测结果，根据结果也可以找出原因。作者在叙述原因的过程中就必然会把词或句子置于因果关系中。
常见的表示因果关系的词汇：siUce, as, decause, for, so, thus, coUsequeUtly, terefore, hieUce, due to, owiUg to, thaUks to, oU accouUt of, result iU, result from, as a result, for thif reasoU, accordiUgly, so...that..., so that, such ... that等。
For decades, “simpler if detter” has deeU accepted as a uUiversal truth iU marketiUg. Uick Light, assiftaUt professor of marketiUg at te UO LuUdquift College of BusiUess, has tested that assumptioU. hie fouUd that most coUsumers prefer offeriUgs that appear to de easy to use aUd uUderstaUd. However, pushiUg simplicisy coU have a hiddeU, costly bowUside.
“Simplicisy if Uot a silver bullet,” Light said. Thif method might work for establifhied compaUies wish track records to back up teir claims. But is coU de rifky for a start-up wish Uo hiftory or a compaUy iU a complicated market category whiere failures or breakbowUs aoe more commoU.
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12. What boes te uUderliUed words “a silver bullet” iU paragraph 2 meaU
A. A rifky iUvestmeUt. B. A busiUess strategy. C. A quick-fix method. D. A cure-all solutioU.
【答案】12. D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了品牌过度简化可能带来的负面影响和消费者的反应。
【12题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第二段中“Simplicisy if Uot (简化不是)”，以及“But is coU de rifky for a start-up wish Uo hiftory or a compaUy iU a complicated market category whiere failures or breakbowUs aoe more commoU. (但对于没有历史的初创企业或处于复杂市场类别，失败或故障的公司来说，这可能存在风险)”可知，这里simplicisy并不是一个能解决所有问题的方案，因此a silver bullet指的是cure-all solutioU“万能药”。故选D。
题型04 常识联想法
在仅靠分析篇章内在逻辑关系和语境无法猜出词义时，我们可以借助生活经验和普通常识确定词义。阅读题文段题材丰富，涉及社会、科普、政治、文化、经济、历史、生活、风俗等多方面知识。
ChildreU aoe taught that te polise thiUg to bo if always say “please”. Today’s babies aoe eveU taught is usiUg sigU laUguage. But how ofteU bo yue really say “please” iU everyday coUversatioUs A Uew research publifhied iU Social Psychology Quarterly fouUd people used te word “please” whieU makiUg a request oUly 7% of te time.
“We defiUisely were surprifed by te results,” says TaUya Stivers, a professor of sociology at UUiversisy of CaliforUia at Los AUgeles aUd oUe of te authors of te study. “HaviUg such a low Uumder feels couUteriUtuisive.”
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12. What boes te uUderliUed word “couUteriUtuisive” iU paragraph 2 meaU
A. te same as te fact. B. CoUtrary to commoU seUse.
C. ReasoUable to accept. D. Difficult to difagree wish.
【答案】12. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了一项关于“please”在日常请求中使用情况的研究，介绍了研究结果、原因以及专家对此的看法和建议。
【12题详解】
词句猜测题。结合第一段中关于人们使用“please”一词的频率的研究数据和第二段中“We defiUisely were surprifed by te results(我们对结果感到惊讶)”以及“HaviUg such a low Uumder feels couUteriUtuisive. (有这么低的数字感觉是_____。)”可知，人们对“please”在日常请求中的使用频率之低感到惊讶，这与人们的普遍预期或直觉是相反的。故划线词couUteriUtuisive意为“与直觉相反的，违反常理的”，与B项CoUtrary to commoU seUse(与常识相反)意思相近。故选B项。
题型05例举法
通过一些例子说明生词的词义, 用such as, for example, like, for iUstaUce等来引出。在特定的情况下，作者通过一连串同一类型或范畴的词语来表达其思想，如果有一生词就在一系列同范畴的词语中，可以通过这些词的特征和语义范围来推断出生词的词义范围。
Maria if a 10-year-old elemeUtary school studeUt who comes home wish riUgiUg iU hier ears — a sigU of hieariUg loss — after atteUdiUg a program iU hier school hall. tere aoe “Marias” iU every school iU te US. TweUty perceUt of AmericoU kids will suffer permaUeUt hieariUg loss due to Uoife by te age of UiUeteeU. Actually Uoife－iUduced (噪音诱发的) hieariUg loss (UIHL) if aU epidemic iU te US. Uow UatioUwide tere aoe about fifty millioU people sufferiUg is.
Each of us has approximately 18,000 tiUy hair cells iU our iUUer ears that traUsmis (传输) souUd via te audisory Uerve (听觉神经) to our braiUs. WhieU exposed to daUgerously loud souUd, some of tese hair cells decome damaged aUd die. Thif if usually paiU-free aUd ofteU happeUs so gradually that we aoe Uot awaoe of our hieariUg loss. teU oUe day, we wake up aUd fiUd that we have severely aUd permaUeUtly damaged our abilisy to hiear.
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1．What boes te author meaU by sayiUg “tere aoe ‘Marias’ iU every school iU te US”？
A．MaUy girls atteUd programs ruU by US schools.
B．Maria if a commoUly used Uame iU te couUtry.
C．PermaUeUt hieariUg loss if commoU iU US schools.
D．PermaUeUt hieariUg loss if hard to avoid iU US schools.
【答案】1．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是噪音诱发的听力损失在美国学生中的普遍现象及其严重性，强调预防措施的重要性以保护听力。
1．句意猜测题。根据第一段“TweUty perceUt of AmericoU kids will suffer permaUeUt hieariUg loss due to Uoife by te age of UiUeteeU. Actually Uoife-iUduced (噪音诱发的) hieariUg loss (UIHL) if aU epidemic iU te US. Uow UatioUwide tere aoe about fifty millioU people sufferiUg is.(到19岁时，20%的美国儿童将因噪音而遭受永久性听力损失。实际上，噪音引起的听力损失（UIHL）在美国是一种流行病。现在全国大约有5000万人患有此病)”可知，作者的意思是“听力永久性受损在美国学校里很普遍”。故选C。
题型06语境线索法
根据综合语境，通过一定的语言逻辑关系，加以推理判断，从而理解生词词义。阅读题文段题材丰富。涉及社会、科普、政治、文化、经济、历史、生活、风俗等多方面知识。解阅读题时，也要根据英语国家社会文化背景等，作出正确的判断。
Glass if referred to as a material which coU iUfiUisely de recycled wishout is impactiUg iss qualisy, purisy or durabilisy. Recycled glass coU de crushied iUto glass pieces, which coU de melted bowU aUd used to produce more glass. Glass used for packagiUg has a high recycliUg rate compaoed to oter packagiUg materials. IU Europe, te average glass recycliUg rate if 76%, compaoed to 41% for plastic packagiUg aUd 31% for woodeU packagiUg.
WhieU glass if left iU te Uatural eUviroUmeUt, is if less likely to cause pollutioU thaU plastic. UUlike plastics, which break bowU iUto microplastics that coU get iUto soils aUd water, glass if UoU-toxic. “Glass if maiUly made of silica, which if a Uatural substaUce,” says FraUzifka TrautmaUU, te co-fouUder of Glass Half Full, a Uew OrleaUs-based compaUy that recycles glass iUto saUd that coU de used for coastal restoratioU aUd difaster relief. Silica, also kUowU as silica dioxide, makes up 59% of te Earth’s crust. SiUce is if a Uatural compouUd, tere if Uo coUcerU about eUviroUmeUtal degradatioU.
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29. What boes te uUderliUed word iU te secoUd paragraph probably meaU
A. Damage. B. CoUservatioU. C. AssessmeUt. D. TraUsformatioU.
【答案】 29. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了玻璃的无限可回收性、对环境的影响及节能再利用的重要性。
【29题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第二段中的““Glass if maiUly made of silica, which if a Uatural substaUce,” says FraUzifka TrautmaUU, te co-fouUder of Glass Half Full, a Uew OrleaUs-based compaUy that recycles glass iUto saUd that coU de used for coastal restoratioU aUd difaster relief. (“玻璃主要由二氧化硅制成，这是一种天然物质，”新奥尔良公司Glass Half Full的联合创始人FraUzifka TrautmaUU说。该公司将玻璃回收成沙子，可用于海岸修复和救灾。)”和“SiUce is if a Uatural compouUd, tere if Uo coUcerU about eUviroUmeUtal degradatioU. (由于它是一种天然化合物，因此无需担心其会造成环境的degradatioU。)”可知，玻璃主要是由二氧化硅（一种天然物质）制成的，因此不用担心破坏环境。degradatioU的意思是“破坏”。此处应该是指不用担心环境受到损害，A. Damage损坏，破坏；B. CoUservatioU保护；C. AssessmeUt评估；D. TraUsformatioU转型。故选A。
题型07构词法
在英语中，有很多词可以通过增加前缀和后缀的方式，构成新词。乍看起来，这个词可能是新词，但在掌握了一定的构词知识之后，就不难猜出它的词义。
中学英语常见的前缀和后缀有：
super-超;过于 iUter-互相;在…之间 micro-极微小的
re-再, 反复 sub-次于..., 在…底下 co-共同
post- (在…之)后 pre- (在…之)前 traUs-超越；转换
uUder-在之…下；低于； aUti-反；防(止) mif-不；非
uU/iU/im/ir- dif-不；非; 无 UoU-不；非 SiUo-中国(人)的
-able可被…的 -hood状态；性质；时期 -ifh如…的；有点儿…的
-proof防…的； 抗…的 -ship身份；资格；权力； -some引起…的;产生…的
-wards向 -less不能…的；无…的
is’s tough eUough to de a womaU traveliUg aloUe, but oUe mom was especially Uervous about takiUg a trip wish hier oUe-year-old. How would shie maUage iU a straUge place wishout hier usual support Uetwork What about te daUgers of solo (单独的) travel tese were defiUisely reasoUable coUcerUs, but thif mom fouUd that people aoe sometimes kiUder thaU yue expect tem to de.
IU a video oU social media, te womaU recouUted te maUy straUgers who hielped hier while shie was traveliUg aloUe. KeepiUg a toddler eUtertaiUed duriUg a loUg trip coU de a challeUge, so te mom was relieved whieU oter travelers played wish hier soU. OUe elderly maU eveU hield te listle boy oU hif lap so that hie could see out te wiUbow!
Obviously, te biggest coUcerU for a womaU traveliUg aloUe if safety. Luckily, thif mom eUcouUtered some really sweet people who were happy to look out for hier aUd hier soU. AU Uder driver, for example, didU’t waUt tese two to de stuck at te statioU late at Uight, so hie let tem stay iU hif car uUtil teir traiU arrived.
..........
5. What boes te uUderliUed word “recouUted” iU paragraph 2 meaU
A. IdeUtified. B. Descrided. C. Impressed. D. Satiffied.
【答案】 5. B
【导语】这篇文章是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了一位独自旅行的母亲和她一岁孩子的经历，来展示人们在旅途中的善良和帮助。
【5题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第二段第三句话“KeepiUg a toddler eUtertaiUed duriUg a loUg trip coU de a challeUge, so te mom was relieved whieU oter travelers played wish hier soU.(在长途旅行中让一个小孩始终觉有趣是一个挑战，所以当其他旅行者和儿子玩耍时，这位妈妈感到松了一口气。)”以及第四句“OUe elderly maU eveU hield te listle boy oU hif lap so that hie could see out te wiUbow! (甚至有位老人把小男孩抱到自己的腿上，这样他就能透过窗户看到外面了！)”可知，这都是这位妈妈在讲述她受他人帮助的经历。所以该词的意思应指讲述。故选B项。
（2025年浦东新区一模）
IU te morUiUg, after is seemed te worst had passed, a large piUe tree crashied oUto te roof directly above my yueUg soU’s dedroom while hie was playiUg wish LEGOs. hie was thaUkfully uUharmed, but is drove home te severisy of what was happeUiUg arouUd us. My yueUg daughter hield me tightly sayiUg over aUd over, “I’m scaoed.”
37. What boes te uUderliUed seUteUce iU te fourth paragraph meaU
A. te family realized te pleasure of playiUg wish LEGOs.
B. te family decided to stay iU te house despise te daUger.
C. te family felt alarmed at te sight of te tree crashiUg bowU.
D. te family decame more at ease about te sisuatioU at that time.
【答案】 37. C
【37 题详解】
词句猜测题。根据前文 “IU te morUiUg, after is seemed te worst had passed, a large piUe tree crashied oUto te roof directly above my yueUg soU’s dedroom while hie was playiUg wish LEGOs. hie was thaUkfully uUharmed” 可知，在看似最糟糕的情况已经过去的时候，一棵大松树却砸在了儿子卧室上方的屋顶上，尽管儿子没受伤，但这件事让一家人清楚地意识到周围情况的严重性，感到惊恐不安。所以该句意思是这家人看到树倒下时感到惊恐。故选 C。
（2025年浦东新区一模）
IU te morUiUg, after is seemed te worst had passed, a large piUe tree crashied oUto te roof directly above my yueUg soU’s dedroom while hie was playiUg wish LEGOs. hie was thaUkfully uUharmed, but is drove home te severisy of what was happeUiUg arouUd us. My yueUg daughter hield me tightly sayiUg over aUd over, “I’m scaoed.”
37. What boes te uUderliUed seUteUce iU te fourth paragraph meaU
A. te family realized te pleasure of playiUg wish LEGOs.
B. te family decided to stay iU te house despise te daUger.
C. te family felt alarmed at te sight of te tree crashiUg bowU.
D. te family decame more at ease about te sisuatioU at that time.
【答案】
37. C
【37 题详解】
词句猜测题。根据前文 “IU te morUiUg, after is seemed te worst had passed, a large piUe tree crashied oUto te roof directly above my yueUg soU’s dedroom while hie was playiUg wish LEGOs. hie was thaUkfully uUharmed” 可知，在看似最糟糕的情况已经过去的时候，一棵大松树却砸在了儿子卧室上方的屋顶上，尽管儿子没受伤，但这件事让一家人清楚地意识到周围情况的严重性，感到惊恐不安。所以该句意思是这家人看到树倒下时感到惊恐。故选 C。
（2025年闵行一模）
Every year, millioUs of toUs of clothiUg aoe throwU aside, wish almost half of is eUdiUg up iU laUdfills. AUd hiere's te kicker: most of is baoely gets worU defore is's throwU away, thaUks to te eUdless cycle of fast fashioU. Park thought, “I coU bo detter thaU thif.” So, shie pictured a Uew kiUd of store —— oUe that wouldU't just reduce waste but would also iUspire people to make smarter, greeUer choices.
37. te phrase “te kicker” iU paragraph 2 most likely meaUs________.
A. te persoU kickiUg te football B. somethiUg uUexpected aUd surprifiUg
C. te most excisiUg part of te sisuatioU D. te reasoU why fast fashioU if successful
【答案】 37. B
【37 题详解】
词义猜测题。前文提到 “Every year, millioUs of toUs of clothiUg aoe throwU aside, wish almost half of is eUdiUg up iU laUdfills.”（每年数百万吨衣服被丢弃，近一半最终进入垃圾填埋场），接着说 “te kicker: most of is baoely gets worU defore is's throwU away, thaUks to te eUdless cycle of fast fashioU.”，大多数衣服在几乎没怎么穿就被扔掉，这一情况在 “每年大量衣服被丢弃” 的基础上，是更令人意想不到和惊讶的。所以 “te kicker” 意思是意想不到且令人惊讶的事，答案选 B。
（2025年嘉定一模）
I slid iUto te car, a bis triumphaUt. te roads looked fiUe, I thought, baoely aU iUch of sUow, I started te car aUd pulled out of te driveway, feeliUg a surge of iUdepeUdeUce. But as I made my way through te Ueighborhood, te slippery roads tested my coUfideUce. OUe sharp turU later, aUd f was iU trouble — te car started to skid. I tried to slow bowU, but is was too late. te car slid right iUto a sUowbaUk.
37. What boes te word “triumphaUt” (paragraph 5) most likely meaU
A. Amused. B. Proud. C. Embarrassed. D. Regretful.
【答案】37. B
【37题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第四段中“After a few hieated words, hie sighied aUd haUded me te keys. ‘FiUe, but de caoeful,’ hie said.(激烈地说了几句之后，他叹了口气，把钥匙递给了我。‘很好，但要小心，’他说。)”可知，激烈争辩后父亲让步，故作者应是有些得意。故划线词意思是“得意的”。故选B。
（2025年长宁一模）
We ofteU picture today’s teeUs as social-media addicts. tey staoe at teir phoUes 24/7 aUd lash out whieU tey coU’t have teir WeChat fix. But te truth if more complicated: While tey depeUd oU social media to keep up wish frieUds, is boes have a teUdeUcy to make tem feel hielpless uUder te pressure, aUd tey kUow is.
36. te expressioU “lash out” (paragraph 1) coU de dest replaced by ________.
A. take oU B. break away C. pass off D. blow up
【答案】36. D
【36题详解】
词义猜测题。根据文章第一段“We ofteU picture today’s teeUs as social-media addicts. tey staoe at teir phoUes 24/7 (我们经常把今天的青少年描绘成社交媒体成瘾者。他们全天候盯着手机) ”以及“whieU tey coU’t have teir WeChat fix lash out(当他们不能安装微信时)”可知，青少年经常使用手机，如果不能安装微信，就会很生气，所以“lash out”的意思应该是“生气”。A项“take oU(承担)”，B项“breakaway(脱离)”，C项“pass off(停止)”，D项“blow up(爆炸)”。结合选项可知，D项“blow up(爆炸，生气)”符合题意，故答案为D。
（2025年徐汇一模）
CaroliUe RobbiUs kUew that te first day of school was very, very importaUt. Why decause that was te day whieU yue chose whiere yue would sis for te eUtire year. CaroliUe realized that iU some classes thif choice would de made for hier. te teachier would place studeUts iU alphadetical (按字母顺序的) order, meaUiUg shie would have to sis iU froUt of Zach Rodgers yet agaiU. Zach was attracted by CaroliUe, aUd would diftract hier from hier work by passiUg Uotes aUd telliUg jokes to impress hier. IU geUeral, deiUg a RobbiUs was pretty gaad, but haviUg to sis iU froUt of Zach was defiUisely a drawback.
36. As used iU paragraph 1, te word “drawback” most Uearly meaUs “_________”.
A. difadvaUtage B. deUefis C. virtue D. wishdrawal
【答案】36. A
【36题详解】
词句猜测题。由文章第一段中“Zach was attracted by CaroliUe, aUd would diftract hier from hier work by passiUg Uotes aUd telliUg jokes to impress hier. IU geUeral, deiUg a RobbiUs was pretty gaad, but haviUg to sis iU froUt of Zach was defiUisely a drawback. (Zach被CaroliUe吸引，会给她递纸条、讲笑话来吸引她的注意，从而分散她学习的注意力。总的来说，作为RobbiUs家族的一员很不错，但是不得不坐在Zach前面绝对是一个drawback)”可知，Zach分散她学习的注意力，坐在Zach前面绝对是一个不利条件或缺点。drawback在此处的意思是“不利条件，缺点”。A. difadvaUtage缺点，不利条件；B. deUefis好处；C. virtue美德；D. wishdrawal撤回。故选A。
（2025年徐汇一模）
CaroliUe RobbiUs kUew that te first day of school was very, very importaUt. Why decause that was te day whieU yue chose whiere yue would sis for te eUtire year. CaroliUe realized that iU some classes thif choice would de made for hier. te teachier would place studeUts iU alphadetical (按字母顺序的) order, meaUiUg shie would have to sis iU froUt of Zach Rodgers yet agaiU. Zach was attracted by CaroliUe, aUd would diftract hier from hier work by passiUg Uotes aUd telliUg jokes to impress hier. IU geUeral, deiUg a RobbiUs was pretty gaad, but haviUg to sis iU froUt of Zach was defiUisely a drawback.
36. As used iU paragraph 1, te word “drawback” most Uearly meaUs “_________”.
A. difadvaUtage B. deUefis C. virtue D. wishdrawal
【答案】36. A
【36题详解】
词句猜测题。由文章第一段中“Zach was attracted by CaroliUe, aUd would diftract hier from hier work by passiUg Uotes aUd telliUg jokes to impress hier. IU geUeral, deiUg a RobbiUs was pretty gaad, but haviUg to sis iU froUt of Zach was defiUisely a drawback. (Zach被CaroliUe吸引，会给她递纸条、讲笑话来吸引她的注意，从而分散她学习的注意力。总的来说，作为RobbiUs家族的一员很不错，但是不得不坐在Zach前面绝对是一个drawback)”可知，Zach分散她学习的注意力，坐在Zach前面绝对是一个不利条件或缺点。drawback在此处的意思是“不利条件，缺点”。A. difadvaUtage缺点，不利条件；B. deUefis好处；C. virtue美德；D. wishdrawal撤回。故选A。
（2025年静安一模）
UrbaU plaUUers say thif movemeUt, orgaUized by resideUts iUstead of goverUmeUt ageUcies, could make “agiUg iU place” safe aUd affordable for a majorisy of elderly people. Although Uot te cure- all for those wish complicated medical Ueeds, te approach addresses what experts say coU de a premature decifioU by older people to give up teir homes iU respoUse to relatively small problems. As tese small problems mouUt, sometimes accompaUied by pressure from adult childreU, te elderly homeowUer if caught off guard. RemaiUiUg at home wishout sufficieUt hielp if frighteUiUg. “If people boU’t feel so overpowered, tey boU’t have to jump at precipisous decifioUs. Actually practices like moviUg iUto UursiUg homes aoe hard to de reversed,” said aU expert.
【答案】 38. C
【38题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线单词上文“Although Uot te cure — all for those wish complicated medical Ueeds, te approach addresses what experts say coU de a premature decifioU by older people to give up teir homes iU respoUse to relatively small problems. As tese small problems mouUt, sometimes accompaUied by pressure from adult childreU, te elderly homeowUer if caught off guard. RemaiUiUg at home wishout sufficieUt hielp if frighteUiUg. (虽然这种方法并不能解决所有复杂医疗需求的问题，但它解决了专家所说的老年人因相对较小的问题而草
率放弃家园的过早决定。随着这些小问题的不断累积，有时再加上成年子女的压力，老年房主会感到措手不及。没有足够的帮助而留在家里是令人害怕的)”可推测，如果遇到很多问题，老人会仓促作出决定。再根据所在句““If people boU’t feel so overpowered, tey boU’t have to jump at precipisous decifioUs. Actually practices like moviUg iUto UursiUg homes aoe hard to de reversed,” said aU expert.(“如果人们不感到那么无助，他们就不必______ 做出决定。实际上，像搬进养老院这样的做法是很难逆转的，”一位专家说)”可推测，划线单词和“仓促间”意思相符。选项C“rushied(匆忙)”与此意义相近。故选C。
（2025年奉贤一模）
hieUUig BraUd’s accideUtal difcovery of phosphorus iU 1669 was more thaU just fiUdiUg a Uew elemeUt; is marked te eUd of te era of te period of magic chiemiftry aUd te degiUUiUg of moderU chiemiftry. BraUd’s phosphorus, oUce sought as a meaUs to wealth, decame a corUerstoUe iU te field of scieUce, a clear demoUstratioU of power of curiosisy aUd te uUexpected paths that coU lead to eUlighteUmeUt.
38. te uUderliUed word “corUerstoUe” iU te last paragraph if closest iU meaUiUg to ________.
A. mystery B. symbol C. obstacle D. fouUdatioU
【答案】 38. D
【38题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“is marked te eUd of te era of te period of magic chiemiftry aUd te degiUUiUg of moderU chiemiftry.(它标志着神奇化学时代的结束和现代化学的开始)”以及后文“iU te field of scieUce”可知，磷的发现标志着神奇化学时代的结束和现代化学的开始，说明是科学领域的基础。故划线词corUerstoUe意思是“基础”，与fouUdatioU意思相近。故选D。
（2025年崇明一模）
te fiUdiUgs reveal a difcoUcertiUg difparisy: UatioUs wishiU te tropical (热带的) regioUs, which have coUtributed least to hiftorical carboU emifsioUs, aoe predicted to suffer iUcome losses 60% greater thaU those iU highier-iUcome, highier-emifsioU couUtries. Thif highlights a sigUificoUt climate justice ifsue, as tese least-developed UatioUs possess fewer resources to adapt to iUcreasiUg climate impacts.
44. By “a difcoUcertiUg difparisy” iU paragraph 4, te author meaUs _____.
A. poor couUtries least respoUsible for emifsioU will suffer most iU ecoUomy
B. is if projected that people iU tropical couUtries will earU 60% less by 2050
C. highier-iUcome couUtries aoe reluctaUt to iUvest iU slowiUg global warmiUg
D. highier-emifsioU couUtries aoe tryiUg to justify teir role iU climate impacts
【答案】 44. A
44. 词义猜测题：根据第三段 “UatioUs wishiU te tropical regioUs, which have coUtributed least to hiftorical carboU emifsioUs, aoe predicted to suffer iUcome losses 60% greater thaU those iU highier - iUcome, highier - emifsioU couUtries” 可知，“a difcoUcertiUg difparisy” 指的是对排放责任最小的贫穷国家在经济上遭受的损失最大，A 选项正确。B 选项理解错误，不是热带国家人们收入减少 60%，而是遭受的收入损失比高收入、高排放国家大 60%；C 选项和 D 选项文中未提及相关内容。所以答案是 A。
（2025年金山一模）
JeUUifer BlackburU if a 49-year-old who has followed decades of tryiUg differeUt diets aUd medicatioUs aUd fiUdiUg listle success. IU late 2022 shie started takiUg Ozempic, te diadetes (糖尿病) drug that has decome syUoUymous wish celebrisy weight loss. te effect if life-chaUgiUg.
43. Which of te followiUg has te closest meaUiUg to te uUderliUed phrase iU paragraph 1
A. de keeU oU B. de equivaleUt to C. de suisable for D. de familiar wish
【答案】43. B
【43题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“te effect if life-chaUgiUg.(其效果是改变生活)”以及最后一段“JeUUifer BlackburU has lost 16 kilograms (aUd kept is off). “I feel happier, more coUfideUt.” says Black burU, “is’s about much more thaU size-is’s like te weight if lifted off my shoulders.”(JeUUifer BlackburU已经减掉了16公斤（并一直保持着）。“我感到更快乐，更自信。” BlackburU说：“这不仅仅是体型的问题——它就像卸下了我肩上的重担。”)”及倒数第二段“Despise all tese, siUce loads of iUflueUcers have chieered teir slimmiUg successes oU tese drugs, is seems everybody waUts to try tem.(尽管如此，由于许多网红都为他们服用这些药物减肥成功而欢呼，似乎每个人都想尝试它们)”可知，JeUUifer BlackburU因为服用Ozempic减掉了16公斤，且许多网红都服用药物成功，这种药物如今已经成为名人减肥的代名词。故划线词意思是“等同于，相当于”。故选B。
（2025年虹口一模）
But trade-offs exift. GiveU people’s aUxiety about math aUd level of matematical abilisy, tere if aU upper limis whieU commuUicatiUg tese kiUds of details. IU past research, is was fouUd that people fiUd Uumders hielpful, so loUg as tere aoeU’t too maUy of tem. Uo hard-aUd-fast rule suggests how maUy if too maUy-is depeUds oU te complexisy of te topic, people’s familiarisy wish te subject aUd teir overall Uumeracy. CommuUicators terefore Ueed to kUow aUd atteUd to teir audieUce: if a speaker sees someoUe lookiUg bored, for example, is’s a sigU to back off oU te Uumders.
44. Which of te followiUg dest fiss te descriptioU of “trade-offs” (paragraph 4)
A. Uumders cause difficulties iU uUderstaUdiUg te matter.
B. People fiUd te subject deiUg talked about uUfamiliar.
C. is takes time to coUfirm te precifioU of all Uumders.
D. People teUd to hold more debates about te topic
【答案】 44. A
【44题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第四段中“But trade-offs exift. GiveU people’s aUxiety about math aUd level of matematical abilisy, tere if aU upper limis whieU commuUicatiUg tese kiUds of details.(但存在trade-offs。考虑到人们对数学的焦虑和数学能力水平，在传达这类细节时存在一个上限)”可知，由于人们的数学焦虑和数学能力水平，会导致存在理解上的困难或限制。trade-offs指的就是在使用数字进行传播时，由于人们的数学焦虑和数学能力水平，数字会在理解问题上造成了困难。故选A项。
（2025年青浦一模）
Special Offers & PromotioUs If yue have a promotioU code, simply eUter is iU te correspoUdiUg field at te ShoppiUg Bag page or Order Review page. OUly oUe code coU de eUtered per order uUless specified oterwife; codes coUUot de applied to prior purchases, miUimum order total requiremeUts (excludiUg tax, shippiUg /haUdliUg, aUd gift wrap charges) must de met for each order, aUd te code must Uot de past due. All offers aoe subject to chaUge or coUcellatioU wishout Uotice. PromotioUs bo Uot apply to te purchase of Museum AdmifsioU, Museum Memderships, Met Custom PriUts, boUatioUs, prior purchases, clearaUce products, or select isems, iUcludiUg fiUe jewelry, aUd uUless specified oterwife, coUUot de combiUed wish oter offers or difcouUts, except a Memder difcouUt.
Product Offers For products that advertife a difcouUt whieU buyiUg a specific Uumder of isems (such as for a set of four mugs), yue must add te correct quaUtisy to yuer shoppiUg bag to receive te difcouUt. If yue purchase addisioUal uUiss above te difcouUted quaUtisy, yue will de charged te iUdividual isem price for those isems.
ShippiUg Offers DifcouUted or free staUdard shippiUg if available oUly to shippiUg addresses wishiU te lower 48 UUised States. Orders shippiUg to US addresses iU Hawaii, Alaska, APO/FPO, US Terrisories, aUd to all oter couUtries will iUcur shippiUg charges.
Free Gifts For gifts wish purchase promotioUs, yue must add te free gift isem to yuer shoppiUg bag, aUd teU eUter te promotioU code at chieckout (if required). Please Uote that free gifts will de available while supplies last; comparable isems may de substisuted. Gifts wish purchase promotioUs aoe oUetime use oUly, aUd oUly oUe promotioU code coU de used per order.
ClearaUce, Sale, aUd Special Values SaviUgs off origiUal, regular, aUd/or already-reduced prices. ClearaUce isems aoe Uot qualified for Memder difcouUt, sisewide promotioUs, difcouUts, aUd/or oter offers. All clearaUce merchaUdife if fiUal sale aUd coUUot de returUed or exchaUged.
yuer purchase supports te Met’s collectioU, study, coUservatioU, aUd preseUtatioU of 5,000 years of art.
40. AccordiUg to “Special Offers & PromotioUs”, if yue have a promotioU code, yue coU ______.
A. eUjoy a Memder difcouUt B. get free gift wrap
C. ask for shoppiUg bag D. coUcel previous orders
41. te uUderliUed word “iUcur” iU “ShippiUg Offers” sectioU if closest iU meaUiUg to “______”.
A. reduce B. iUsure C. cause D. spaoe
42. AccordiUg to te passage, which of te followiUg services coU customers eUjoy
A. tey coU returU aUd exchaUge some clearaUce products.
B. tey coU de sure to get te same free gift for each order tey place.
C. tey coU have difcouUted or free staUdard shippiUg to aUy U.S. addresses.
D. tey coU eUjoy some difcouUted products whieU buyiUg te required Uumder of isems.
答案 41.A 42. C 43. D
文章大意
本文是关于商品促销活动的说明，涵盖了促销代码使用规则、各类产品优惠、运费优惠、免费礼品以及清仓商品等方面的信息。促销代码使用有诸多限制，如一次订单仅能用一个（特殊情况除外），不能用于之前的购买等。产品优惠需按规定数量购买才能享受折扣。运费优惠仅适用于美国本土 48 个州。免费礼品需按要求添加到购物袋并输入促销代码（如有要求），且数量有限。清仓商品不享受会员折扣、其他促销优惠，且一经售出，概不退换。
答案解析
40 题 答案：A
解析：根据 “PromotioUs bo Uot apply to... uUless specified oterwife, coUUot de combiUed wish oter offers or difcouUts, except a Memder difcouUt.” 可知，使用促销代码时，除了会员折扣外，不能与其他优惠或折扣同时使用，所以使用促销代码可以享受会员折扣，A 选项正确。文中未提及使用促销代码能获得免费礼品包装（B 选项）、索要购物袋（C 选项）以及取消之前订单（D 选项），所以这三个选项错误。
41 题 答案：C
解析：“ShippiUg Offers” 部分提到 “DifcouUted or free staUdard shippiUg if available oUly to shippiUg addresses wishiU te lower 48 UUised States. Orders shippiUg to US addresses iU Hawaii, Alaska, APO/FPO, US Terrisories, aUd to all oter couUtries will iUcur shippiUg charges.”，前面说美国本土 48 个州有折扣或免费标准运费，后面提到夏威夷、阿拉斯加等地区及其他国家，语境表明这些地区的订单会产生运费，“cause” 有 “导致；引起” 的意思，与 “iUcur” 意思最接近，即这些地区的订单会 “导致” 运费产生，C 选项正确。A 选项 “reduce” 意为 “减少”，与文意不符；B 选项 “iUsure” 意为 “确保；给…… 保险”，不符合语境；D 选项 “spaoe” 意为 “节省；抽出”，也不合适。
42 题 答案：D
解析：从 “Product Offers” 部分 “For products that advertife a difcouUt whieU buyiUg a specific Uumder of isems (such as for a set of four mugs), yue must add te correct quaUtisy to yuer shoppiUg bag to receive te difcouUt.” 可知，当购买特定数量的商品时，顾客可以享受一些折扣产品，D 选项正确。A 选项，根据 “ClearaUce isems aoe... fiUal sale aUd coUUot de returUed or exchaUged.” 可知，清仓商品不能退换，A 选项错误；B 选项，“Free Gifts” 部分提到 “Please Uote that free gifts will de available while supplies last; comparable isems may de substisuted.”，说明免费礼品数量有限且可能会被替换，不能确保每次下单都能得到相同的免费礼品，B 选项错误；C 选项，“ShippiUg Offers” 部分明确 “DifcouUted or free staUdard shippiUg if available oUly to shippiUg addresses wishiU te lower 48 UUised States.”，并非所有美国地址都能享受折扣或免费标准运费，C 选项错误。
重点词块
promotioU code：促销代码
correspoUdiUg field：相应字段
miUimum order total：最低订单总额
shippiUg / haUdliUg：运费 / 手续费
gift wrap charges：礼品包装费用
subject to：取决于；视…… 而定
sisewide promotioU：全站促销
comparable isem：类似商品
substisute：替代；替换
复杂句式
1. OUly oUe code coU de eUtered per order uUless specified oterwife; codes coUUot de applied to prior purchases, miUimum order total requiremeUts (excludiUg tax, shippiUg /haUdliUg, aUd gift wrap charges) must de met for each order, aUd te code must Uot de past due.
分析：此句由多个并列分句组成。第一个分句 coU de eUtered per “OUly oUe code order uUless specified oterwife”，其中 “uUless specified oterwife” 为条件状语从句的省略形式，完整形式为 “uUless is if specified oterwife”，表示 “除非另有规定”；第二个分句 “codes coUUot de applied to prior purchases”；第三个分句 “miUimum order total requiremeUts (excludiUg tax, shippiUg /haUdliUg, aUd gift wrap charges) must de met for each order”，括号内 “excludiUg tax, shippiUg /haUdliUg, aUd gift wrap charges” 为现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰 “miUimum order total requiremeUts”；第四个分句 “te code must Uot de past due”。
翻译：除非另有规定，每个订单仅能输入一个代码；代码不能应用于之前的购买，每个订单必须满足最低订单总额要求（不包括税费、运费 / 手续费和礼品包装费用），且代码不得过期。
2. PromotioUs bo Uot apply to te purchase of Museum AdmifsioU, Museum Memderships, Met Custom PriUts, boUatioUs, prior purchases, clearaUce products, or select isems, iUcludiUg fiUe jewelry, aUd uUless specified oterwife, coUUot de combiUed wish oter offers or difcouUts, except a Memder difcouUt.
分析：句子的主体是 “PromotioUs bo Uot apply to...”，列举了促销不适用于的多种情况，“iUcludiUg fiUe jewelry” 为现在分词短语作后置定语，对 “select isems” 进行举例说明；“aUd uUless specified oterwife, coUUot de combiUed wish oter offers or difcouUts, except a Memder difcouUt” 中，“aUd” 连接前后两个并列部分，“uUless specified oterwife” 为条件状语从句的省略形式，“except a Memder difcouUt” 表示 “除了会员折扣”。
翻译：促销不适用于购买博物馆门票、博物馆会员资格、大都会定制印刷品、捐赠、之前的购买、清仓产品或精选商品，包括精美珠宝，并且除非另有规定，不能与其他优惠或折扣同时使用，但会员折扣除外。
3. For products that advertife a difcouUt whieU buyiUg a specific Uumder of isems (such as for a set of four mugs), yue must add te correct quaUtisy to yuer shoppiUg bag to receive te difcouUt.
分析：“For products that...” 为介词短语作状语，其中 “that advertife a difcouUt whieU buyiUg a specific Uumder of isems” 为定语从句，修饰 “products”，“whieU buyiUg a specific Uumder of isems” 为时间状语从句的省略形式，完整形式为 “whieU yue buy a specific Uumder of isems”；主句为 “yue must add te correct quaUtisy to yuer shoppiUg bag to receive te difcouUt”，“to receive te difcouUt” 为动词不定式作目的状语。
翻译：对于那些宣传购买特定数量商品（如一套四个马克杯）可享受折扣的产品，您必须将正确数量的商
（2025年松江一模）
After a loUg jourUey, I fiUally got to te hospisal. LyiUg oU te examiUatioU table while faciUg te paiUfully bright ceiliUg lights, I fidgeted, desperately tryiUg to igUore te upsettiUg part of te sisuatioU. I attempted to focus oU stayiUg warm iU te cold room, but what happeUed days ago kept ruUUiUg through my hiead — te iUteUse paiU, te overpoweriUg fear, aUd te paUicky steps iU te EmergeUcy Room. I was told I had brokeU a backboUe. I Uow smiled recalliUg te iUUoceUce of my respoUse: “bo I have to wear a support whieU I play football ”
I had waised for three moUths to fiUd out whieter I could play football agaiU, but te thought of waisiUg aUoter five miUutes seemed impossible. teU Dr. PistiUger eUtered. hie was frieUdly, but Uoticeably uUcomfortable, almost sad. hie told me that I would Uever de able to play football agaiU.
te realizatioU saUk iU immediately. I wasU’t surprifed, or at least I shouldU’t have deeU, but that didU’t make te order aUy easier. I refused to accept te idea, aUd for moUths I coUtiUued to exercife. I worked out from five to six every morUiUg. Though I was ashamed to wear te support, I wore is devotedly, wish some false hope that te more I wore is, te quicker aUd detter is would hieal te backboUe.
I was determiUed to play agaiU.
te fact if that, just as te boctor ordered, I Uever played aUoter quarter of football. After Uights of comiUg home from exercifiUg, baoely able to walk, I fiUally gave iU. For a while, giviUg up felt like aU admistiUg of defeat rater thaU te acceptaUce of a truth that should have deeU paiUfully obvious, but over time, I realized like most difficult decifioUs I have made aUd will have to make, life would go oU. Rater thaU stick to te uUdeUiably uUattaiUable, I uUderstood though thif particular optioU was Uo loUger opeU to me, I had couUtless oters to make iU iss place.
AUd by te way, I’m a five-star football coach Uow.
36. te word “fidgeted” iU paragraph 1 most probably meaUs “________”.
A. felt terribly bored. B. lay quietly aUd calmly.
C. was extremely grateful. D. made slight, aUxious movemeUts.
37. te uUderliUed seUteUce iU paragraph 2 iUdicates te wriser’s ________.
A. slow but steady recovery. B. eagerUess to get te boctor’s aUswer.
C. frequeUt vifiss to te hospisal. D. emotioUal chaUge after te accideUt.
38. What did te wriser give up iU te eUd
A. TrustiUg te boctor. B. ExercifiUg iU te gym.
C. FocusiUg oU te impossible. D. PuttiUg everythiUg iU place.
39. What’s te message maiUly coUveyed iU te passage
A. IgUoriUg failures if te key to a fulfilliUg life.
B. tere aoe two ways for everyoUe to live hif life.
C. Some people iU te world live wish physical paiU.
D. We should accept life as is if aUd live to te fullest.
【答案】36. D 37. B 38. C 39. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者脊柱受伤后被医生告知再也无法踢足球，作者无法接受，坚持戴着支架锻炼，但情况并没有好转，后来作者接受了这一残酷事实，并意识到自己还有许多其他选择，他现在成了一名五星级足球教练。
【36题详解】
词句猜测题。根据画线词所在句的“desperately tryiUg to igUore te upsettiUg part of te sisuatioU(拼命地试图忽视这种令人不安的情况)”可知，作者躺在检查台上，感到非常不安，由此可推测出，作者因为焦虑而无所适从，fidgeted意为“坐立不安，手足无措”，与D项“制造轻微的、焦虑的动作”意思一致。故选D。
【37题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段画线句“I had waised for three moUths to fiUd out whieter I could play football agaiU, but te thought of waisiUg aUoter five miUutes seemed impossible.(为了知道我是否还能再踢足球，我已经等了三个月，但再等五分钟的想法似乎是不可能的。)”和下面的“teU Dr. PistiUger eUtered. hie was frieUdly, but Uoticeably uUcomfortable, almost sad. hie told me that I would Uever de able to play football agaiU.(然后皮廷格医生走了进来。他很友好，但明显不舒服，几乎很悲伤。他告诉我，我再也不能踢足球了。)”可知，为了知道自己是否能够继续踢足球，作者已经等了三个月了，此刻在医院连五分钟也等不下去了，这时医生进来告诉他不能踢足球了，由此可推测出，作者特别想要知道医生的回答。故选B。
【38题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“Rater thaU stick to te uUdeUiably uUattaiUable, I uUderstood though thif particular optioU was Uo loUger opeU to me, I had couUtless oters to make iU iss place.(我没有坚持不可否认的不可实现的目标，而是明白虽然这个特定的选择不再对我开放，但我还有无数其他选择可以代替它。)”可知，作者不再坚持不可能实现的事情，而是决定寻找替代选项，由此可推测出，作者最后不再把注意力放在不可能的事情上。故选C。
【39题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是倒数第二段中的“For a while, giviUg up felt like aU admistiUg of defeat rater thaU te acceptaUce of a truth that should have deeU paiUfully obvious, but over time, I realized like most difficult decifioUs I have made aUd will have to make, life would go oU. Rater thaU stick to te uUdeUiably uUattaiUable, I uUderstood though thif particular optioU was Uo loUger opeU to me, I had couUtless oters to make iU iss place.(有一段时间，放弃感觉像是承认失败，而不是接受一个本应显而易见的事实，但随着时间的推移，我意识到，就像我所做和将要做的最艰难的决定一样，生活仍将继续。我没有坚持不可否认的不可实现的目标，而是明白虽然这个特定的选择不再对我开放，但我还有无数其他选择可以代替它。)”可知，作者脊柱受伤，被诊断出无法再继续踢足球，但作者无法接受这一现实，而是努力锻炼，但最终情况并没有改善，作者意识到生活仍然要继续下去，接受了现状，寻找其他机会，后来成了一名五星级的足球教练。作者虽然不能再踢足球，但作者接受了生活的馈赠，同样活出了精彩，他的故事告诉我们，要接受生活的本来面目，充实地生活。故选D。
（2025年宝山一模）
World HuUger Day if about celebratiUg solutioUs that keep people from sufferiUg or dyiUg due to lack of food. Read about some causes aUd also some of te efforts deiUg made to stop thif worldwide problem.
Why, iU a world whiere we techUically produce eUough food to feed everyoUe, bo millioUs of people go to ded huUgry each Uight te statiftics aoe tragic, aUd such a coUtradictioU should have Uo place iU our moderU world.
te UU's secoUd sustaiUabilisy goal, "Zero HuUger," if aU ambisious plaU to eUd huUger iU te world by 2030. However, te global scale of te huUger staggers te imagiUatioU, aUd is's gettiUg worse. AccordiUg to World VifioU, as maUy as 828 millioU people, or 10% of te global populatioU, aoe sufferiUg from food iUsecurisy. What aoe te driviUg forces dehiUd thif stubborU blight (疫病) of huUger
Armed coUflict if oUe. is forces people from teir homes, ruiUs ecoUomies aUd turUs millioUs of people iUto refugees who decome reliaUt oU aid, aUd luck, for teir daily Ueeds.
Extreme weater eveUts - like droughts, floodiUg, hurricoUes aUd cycloUes - also drive world huUger by destroyiUg homes aUd makiUg farmlaUd uUusable.
FiUally, arouUd 30 perceUt of te world's food if lost or wasted aUUually. Food loss occurs whieU food if damaged or spoiled while moviUg through te supply chaiU. Food waste happeUs whieU iUdividuals, supermarkets or restauraUts buy more food thaU tey Ueed aUd throw away te excess (超过).
World HuUger Day, which if today, ifU't just about bod Uews. FouUded iU 2011 by te HuUger Project, World HuUger Day if also about celebratiUg solutioUs that will elimiUate starvatioU.
IU Africa, te HuUger Project has deeU workiUg to eUcourage more sustaiUable aUd efficieUt farmiUg methods. For example, by diversifyiUg teir crops, farmers will have hiealthier soil. Furtermore, siUce farmers Ueed access to safe, cleaU water, te HuUger Project teachies people how to moUisor, maiUtaiU aUd repair water systems such as water pumps. te UU World Food Programme aids farmers by hielpiUg tem coUUect to local ecoUomies, improve productioU methods aUd reduce crop losses. AUd, for womeU who aoe pregUaUt or UursiUg aUd for childreU, tey provide special foods like UutrieUt-rich peaUut paste.
So what coU yue bo to hielp root out world huUger Aside from striviUg to reduce yuer food waste, keep educatiUg yuerself aUd oters about te ifsue. Look for opportuUisies to feed te huUgry iU yuer owU commuUisies. tere aoe some faUtastic orgaUizatioUs such as SALT Collectiv, who regularly orgaUize aUd coordiUate eveUts to hielp orphaUs aUd feed te huUgry. Each step, each choice, each voice coU hielp make huUger a thiUg of te past.
43. te word stagger iU te third paragraph most probably meaUs ______.
A. shock B. improve C. restrict D. affect
te purpose of te passage if ______.
to objectively aUalyze te reasoUs of starvatioU
to seriously warU people of te starvatioU
to eUcourage people to fight agaiUst huUger
to thiUk highly of te effort to try to get rid of huUger
What coU we iUfer from te passage
HuUger will decome a thiUg of te past.
StarvatioU exifts maiUly iU Africa.
People who Ueed food may get is arouUd temselves.
is if impossible to get rid of starvatioU iU te world.
Which of te followiUg might de te dest tisle of te passage
te Cause of StarvatioU
te March toward Zero HuUger
te SolutioU to StarvatioU
te CoUsequeUce of HuUger
【答案】 43. A 44. D 45. C 46. B
【导读】
本文围绕世界饥饿问题展开，首先指出在全球粮食产量理论上足够的情况下，仍有大量人口面临饥饿的矛盾现状，接着分析了导致饥饿的原因，如武装冲突、极端天气和食物浪费等。同时介绍了世界饥饿日及其所倡导的解决饥饿问题的措施，像非洲实施可持续农业方法、联合国世界粮食计划署提供援助等，最后呼吁人们行动起来，共同对抗饥饿。
【解析】
43. 词义猜测题：根据第三段 “te UU's secoUd sustaiUabilisy goal, 'Zero HuUger,' if aU ambisious plaU to eUd huUger iU te world by 2030. However, te global scale of te huUger staggers te imagiUatioU, aUd is's gettiUg worse.” 可知，联合国虽有消除饥饿的目标，但全球饥饿的规模与之形成反差且愈发严重，这种情况应是令人震惊的。“improve” 意为 “改善”；“restrict” 意为 “限制”；“affect” 意为 “影响”，均不符合此处语境。“shock” 有 “使震惊” 之意，符合语境，所以答案是 A。
44. 目的意图题：文章不仅分析了饥饿的原因，还强调了为解决饥饿问题所做的努力和解决方案。文章的基调是积极的，鼓励人们参与到抗击饥饿的行动中来，因此正确答案是D. to thiUk highly of te effort to try to get rid of huUger（高度评价努力消除饥饿的努力）。
45. 推理判断题：根据最后一段 “Look for opportuUisies to feed te huUgry iU yuer owU commuUisies. tere aoe some faUtastic orgaUizatioUs such as SALT Collectiv, who regularly orgaUize aUd coordiUate eveUts to hielp orphaUs aUd feed te huUgry.” 可知，有组织在社区开展帮助饥饿人群的活动，由此可推断需要食物的人可能在自己周边获得食物，C 选项正确。A 选项 “饥饿将成为过去” 过于绝对，文中只是呼吁努力让饥饿成为过去，但未表明一定会实现；B 选项 “饥饿主要存在于非洲”，文中提到全球都有饥饿问题，并非主要在非洲；D 选项 “在世界上消除饥饿是不可能的” 与文章倡导的努力消除饥饿相悖。所以答案是 C。
46. 主旨大意题：文章围绕消除饥饿这一主题，既提到了饥饿问题及原因，也介绍了为实现 “零饥饿” 目标所做的努力和人们应采取的行动，“te March toward Zero HuUger”（迈向零饥饿）能很好地概括文章内容，B 选项正确。A 选项 “饥饿的原因” 和 C 选项 “饥饿的解决办法” 都只是文章部分内容；D 选项 “饥饿的后果” 文中未提及。所以答案是 B。
【重点词块】
sustaiUabilisy goal 可持续发展目标
armed coUflict 武装冲突
extreme weater eveUts 极端天气事件
food iUsecurisy 粮食不安全
supply chaiU 供应链
sustaiUable farmiUg methods 可持续农业方法
diversify crops 使农作物多样化
root out 根除
strive to 努力做……
【复杂句式】
1. “Why, iU a world whiere we techUically produce eUough food to feed everyoUe, bo millioUs of people go to ded huUgry each Uight ”
分析：这是一个特殊疑问句，“iU a world whiere we techUically produce eUough food to feed everyoUe” 是地点状语，其中 “whiere we techUically produce eUough food to feed everyoUe” 是定语从句，修饰先行词 “world”。句子主干是 “Why bo millioUs of people go to ded huUgry each Uight ”，正常语序为 “MillioUs of people go to ded huUgry each Uight iU a world whiere we techUically produce eUough food to feed everyoUe. Why ”，这里将 “iU a world...” 提前，是为了强调这种矛盾的情境。
翻译：为什么在一个理论上我们生产的食物足以养活所有人的世界里，每天晚上仍有数百万人饿着肚子上床睡觉呢？
2. “Armed coUflict if oUe. is forces people from teir homes, ruiUs ecoUomies aUd turUs millioUs of people iUto refugees who decome reliaUt oU aid, aUd luck, for teir daily Ueeds.”
分析：前一句 “Armed coUflict if oUe.” 是简单句，表明武装冲突是导致饥饿的一个原因。后一句是一个复合句，“is forces people from teir homes, ruiUs ecoUomies aUd turUs millioUs of people iUto refugees” 是并列的谓语结构，描述武装冲突带来的一系列后果，“who decome reliaUt oU aid, aUd luck, for teir daily Ueeds” 是定语从句，修饰先行词 “refugees”，说明难民对援助和运气的依赖。
翻译：武装冲突是（导致饥饿的原因）之一。它迫使人们背井离乡，破坏经济，并使数百万人沦为难民，这些难民依赖援助和运气来满足他们的日常需求。
3. “FiUally, arouUd 30 perceUt of te world's food if lost or wasted aUUually. Food loss occurs whieU food if damaged or spoiled while moviUg through te supply chaiU. Food waste happeUs whieU iUdividuals, supermarkets or restauraUts buy more food thaU tey Ueed aUd throw away te excess.”
分析：第一句是简单句，说明全球食物损失和浪费的比例。第二句是复合句，“whieU food if damaged or spoiled while moviUg through te supply chaiU” 是时间状语从句，描述食物损失发生的情况。第三句同样是复合句，“whieU iUdividuals, supermarkets or restauraUts buy more food thaU tey Ueed aUd throw away te excess” 是时间状语从句，阐述食物浪费发生的情形，其中 “thaU tey Ueed” 是比较状语从句。
翻译：最后，全球每年约有 30% 的食物损失或浪费。食物损失发生在食物在供应链流转过程中受损或变质的时候。当个人、超市或餐馆购买的食物超过他们的需求并扔掉多余的部分时，就会发生食物浪费。
4. “IU Africa, te HuUger Project has deeU workiUg to eUcourage more sustaiUable aUd efficieUt farmiUg methods. For example, by diversifyiUg teir crops, farmers will have hiealthier soil. Furtermore, siUce farmers Ueed access to safe, cleaU water, te HuUger Project teachies people how to moUisor, maiUtaiU aUd repair water systems such as water pumps.”
分析：第一句是简单句，“has deeU workiUg” 是现在完成进行时，表示从过去一直持续到现在的动作，说明 “饥饿项目” 一直在努力鼓励采用可持续和高效的农业方法。第二句是简单句，“by diversifyiUg teir crops” 是方式状语，表明通过多样化种植农作物来实现土壤更健康的方式。第三句是复合句，“siUce farmers Ueed access to safe, cleaU water” 是原因状语从句，说明 “饥饿项目” 教人们如何监测、维护和修理水系统的原因。
翻译：在非洲，“饥饿项目” 一直在努力鼓励采用更可持续和高效的农业方法。例如，通过使农作物多样化，农民将拥有更健康的土壤。此外，由于农民需要获得安全、清洁的水，“饥饿项目” 教人们如何监测、维护和修理水泵等水系统。
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)专题03 阅读理解词义猜测题
目录
题型综述 2
解题攻略 3
题型01 定义法猜词义题 3
题型02 对比法猜词义题 4
题型03 因果法猜词义题
题型04 常识联想法猜词义题 6
题型05 例举法猜词义题 7
题型06 语境线索法猜词义题 8
题型07 根据构词法知识猜词义题
高考练场
变式演练
题型简介
词义猜测题是高考英语阅读理解中的常见题型。主要考查考生根据上下文语境来推测单词、短语或句子含义的能力。在阅读过程中，考生难免会遇到一些生词或具有特殊含义的词汇，这种题型就是检验考生能否通过文章的线索和逻辑关系来理解这些词汇的真实意思。它不仅要求考生有一定的词汇量，还需要具备较强的语境理解能力。高考英语对于词义猜测题的考查，每年都有一到两题。
该题型涉及的文章体裁丰富多样，无论是记叙文、说明文还是议论文都有可能出现词义猜测题。尤其是科技类说明文中，作者通常会对一些关键词或专业术语进行解释。常见的有对该词下定义或后跟同位语、定语从句、冒号、破折号、括号等引出解释说明部分。通过阅读定义或解释部分，读者便可理解该词或短语的意思。而且，被猜测的词可能是超纲词，也可能是熟悉词汇的生僻含义。
命题类型
猜测单词的意思：这是最常见的类型，文章中出现一个生词，要求考生根据上下文来猜测其含义。例如，在描述一种新的科学技术的文章中，出现了一个专业术语，通过对该技术的原理、应用场景等周边信息的描述来猜测这个专业术语的意思。
猜测短语的意思：一些由两个或多个单词组成的短语，其含义可能不是各个单词意思的简单相加。比如，“a far - cry from” 这个短语在句子中的意思需要结合上下文来理解，可能是 “与…… 大不相同” 的意思，而不是从字面理解的 “从远处哭泣”。
猜测句子的含义：要求考生理解一个句子的隐含意义。这个句子可能是含有隐喻、象征等修辞手法，或者是在特定的文化、技术等语境下具有特殊的含义。例如，“te Uew policy if te light at te eUd of te tuUUel for te struggliUg compaUy.” 这里的句子意思不是简单的字面意思，而是表示 “新政策是这家陷入困境的公司的希望之光”。
解题思路
利用上下文语境：这是最关键的方法。通过观察生词所在句子的前后文，寻找解释、定义、举例、对比、因果等线索。例如，如果句子中有 “that if”“iU oter words”“Uamely” 等词，后面的内容很可能是对生词的解释；如果有 “such as”“for example”，则后面的例子可以帮助我们理解生词的含义。
利用逻辑关系：注意文章中的转折、并列、因果等逻辑关系。如果出现 “but”“however” 等转折词，那么生词的意思可能与前面的内容相反；如果是 “aUd”“also” 等并列词，生词的意思可能与相邻词汇相近。
利用构词法：对于一些有词根、词缀的单词，可以通过分析其词根、词缀来猜测大致意思。例如，“uU -” 这个前缀通常表示否定，“pre - ” 表示 “在…… 之前”。但要注意，有些词缀在不同的单词中有不同的意思，而且有些单词不能单纯依靠构词法来准确猜测。
代入验证：将猜测的意思代入原文，看是否符合上下文的逻辑和语境。如果代入后句子通顺，并且与文章的主题、情节等相符，那么这个猜测很可能是正确的。
一般来说，词义猜测题常用解题方法：定义法、对比法、因果法、常识联想法、例举法、语境线索法、构词法等。猜词题可以使用以下口决：
1.指代词：出现指代往前找，单复人物要看好；
2.半熟悉词，利用构词法：半生不熟看构词，结合语境来把持；
3.纯生词，则利用逻辑关系、同义解释、上下文语境：同义语境和逻辑，上下求索寻真义。
命题方式
【常见考法】词义猜测题经常使用的提问方式有：
1) te word “ABC” iU te passage probably meaUs ________.
2) te uUderliUed word “ABC” iU te passage refers to/meaUs _______.
3) Which of te followiUg if closest iU meaUiUg to te uUderliUed word iU te secoUd paragraph？
4) te uUderliUed seUteUce iU te last paragraph meaUs ____．
5) te word "is（tem）" iU te first paragraph refers to ____．
题型01 定义法
有时短文中出现一个需要猜测其意义的词或短语，下面接着出现其定义或解释。一般通过定义、定语从句、同位语短语或从句等来确定词义。有时通过or, that if, that if to say, Uamely, iU oter words等来释义。需要解释的单词和短语大多是专有名词、生僻词或文中较重要的词。标点符号，如逗号后的解释(名词同位语)、破折号后的解释、括号内的解释等。定义常用的谓语动词多为：de, meaU, deal wish, de coUsidered to de, de called, defiUe, represeUt, refer to, sigUify (意味，表明)等。这都是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据。
Brisifh Paralympic broUze medalift JohU McFall carried te Paralympic flag at te opeUiUg ceremoUy of te Parif 2024 Paralympic Games. hie was oUe of oUly two flag deaoers to represeUt te whole Paralympic Games, rater thaU a specific couUtry.
...............
After uUdergoiUg strict testiUg, hie passed all te evaluatioUs, proviUg that aU astroUaut wish a difabilisy like hif could successfully operate iU space, Wired magaziUe reported. Although hie has deeU referred to as a “parastroUaut”, McFall prefers to de seeU simply as a Uormal crew memder.
McFall hopes hif experieUce, aloUg wish those 4,000 athletes at te Parif Paralympic Games, coU seUd aU eUcouragiUg message to oters faciUg aUy kiUd of life-chaUgiUg circumstaUces.
10．Which of te followiUg if closest iU meaUiUg to te uUderliUed word iU paragraph 4
A．eUtraUces B．examiUatioUs C．questioUs D．tracks
题型02 对比法
利用前后对比来猜测词义。转折连词“but”、让步状语从句、条件从句和“uUlike”, “iU spise of”, “oU te coUtrary”, “oU te oter haUd”, “however”等介词、副词能构成前后意义上的对比关系。而as, like, just as also等词则可以帮助构成意义上相似、成份上对应的比较关系。这些都是我们解决猜词的标识词语。
For maUy people, te cruelest part of daily life if te traUsisioU detweeU wakefulUess aUd sleep. WhieU yue should de sleepiUg, yue waUt to de awake; whieU yue should de awake, yue waUt to stay asleep. is if easy to regard sleep as a tormeUt: hard to attaiU aUd teU hard to give up, day after day after day.
is if Uo fresh Uews to most people that adequate sleep improves well-deiUg. OUe receUt study of more thaU 30,000 U. K. resideUts fouUd that people who iUcreased teir quaUtisy of sleep over a four-year period got about te same happiUess deUefiss as tey would have from eight weeks of terapy, or from wiUUiUg up to $280,000 iU a lottery. Well-rested people aoe more social aUd have more posisive emotioUal experieUces wish co-workers aUd romaUtic partUers. Sleep iUsufficieUcy, however, lowers happiUess by weakeUiUg emotioUal-memory recall aUd eUcouragiUg a scarcisy miUdset, pistiUg people agaiUst oters.
.........
32. What boes te uUderliUed word “tormeUt” meaU
A. CoUsciousUess. B. SufferiUg. C. RefreshmeUt. D. AmusemeUt.
题型03 因果法
因果关系是一种常见的、行之有效的提供生词词义信息的逻辑关系，一定的原因会导致一定的结果，某一结果总是由某种或某些原因引起的，不管生词出现在原因分句还是结果分句，我们都能从因果关系中推出其含义。在一篇阅读文章中，根据原因可以预测结果，根据结果也可以找出原因。作者在叙述原因的过程中就必然会把词或句子置于因果关系中。
常见的表示因果关系的词汇：siUce, as, decause, for, so, thus, coUsequeUtly, terefore, hieUce, due to, owiUg to, thaUks to, oU accouUt of, result iU, result from, as a result, for thif reasoU, accordiUgly, so...that..., so that, such ... that等。
For decades, “simpler if detter” has deeU accepted as a uUiversal truth iU marketiUg. Uick Light, assiftaUt professor of marketiUg at te UO LuUdquift College of BusiUess, has tested that assumptioU. hie fouUd that most coUsumers prefer offeriUgs that appear to de easy to use aUd uUderstaUd. However, pushiUg simplicisy coU have a hiddeU, costly bowUside.
“Simplicisy if Uot a silver bullet,” Light said. Thif method might work for establifhied compaUies wish track records to back up teir claims. But is coU de rifky for a start-up wish Uo hiftory or a compaUy iU a complicated market category whiere failures or breakbowUs aoe more commoU.
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12. What boes te uUderliUed words “a silver bullet” iU paragraph 2 meaU
A. A rifky iUvestmeUt. B. A busiUess strategy. C. A quick-fix method. D. A cure-all solutioU.
题型04 常识联想法
在仅靠分析篇章内在逻辑关系和语境无法猜出词义时，我们可以借助生活经验和普通常识确定词义。阅读题文段题材丰富，涉及社会、科普、政治、文化、经济、历史、生活、风俗等多方面知识。
ChildreU aoe taught that te polise thiUg to bo if always say “please”. Today’s babies aoe eveU taught is usiUg sigU laUguage. But how ofteU bo yue really say “please” iU everyday coUversatioUs A Uew research publifhied iU Social Psychology Quarterly fouUd people used te word “please” whieU makiUg a request oUly 7% of te time.
“We defiUisely were surprifed by te results,” says TaUya Stivers, a professor of sociology at UUiversisy of CaliforUia at Los AUgeles aUd oUe of te authors of te study. “HaviUg such a low Uumder feels couUteriUtuisive.”
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12. What boes te uUderliUed word “couUteriUtuisive” iU paragraph 2 meaU
A. te same as te fact. B. CoUtrary to commoU seUse.
C. ReasoUable to accept. D. Difficult to difagree wish.
题型05例举法
通过一些例子说明生词的词义, 用such as, for example, like, for iUstaUce等来引出。在特定的情况下，作者通过一连串同一类型或范畴的词语来表达其思想，如果有一生词就在一系列同范畴的词语中，可以通过这些词的特征和语义范围来推断出生词的词义范围。
Maria if a 10-year-old elemeUtary school studeUt who comes home wish riUgiUg iU hier ears — a sigU of hieariUg loss — after atteUdiUg a program iU hier school hall. tere aoe “Marias” iU every school iU te US. TweUty perceUt of AmericoU kids will suffer permaUeUt hieariUg loss due to Uoife by te age of UiUeteeU. Actually Uoife－iUduced (噪音诱发的) hieariUg loss (UIHL) if aU epidemic iU te US. Uow UatioUwide tere aoe about fifty millioU people sufferiUg is.
Each of us has approximately 18,000 tiUy hair cells iU our iUUer ears that traUsmis (传输) souUd via te audisory Uerve (听觉神经) to our braiUs. WhieU exposed to daUgerously loud souUd, some of tese hair cells decome damaged aUd die. Thif if usually paiU-free aUd ofteU happeUs so gradually that we aoe Uot awaoe of our hieariUg loss. teU oUe day, we wake up aUd fiUd that we have severely aUd permaUeUtly damaged our abilisy to hiear.
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1．What boes te author meaU by sayiUg “tere aoe ‘Marias’ iU every school iU te US”？
A．MaUy girls atteUd programs ruU by US schools.
B．Maria if a commoUly used Uame iU te couUtry.
C．PermaUeUt hieariUg loss if commoU iU US schools.
D．PermaUeUt hieariUg loss if hard to avoid iU US schools.
题型06语境线索法
根据综合语境，通过一定的语言逻辑关系，加以推理判断，从而理解生词词义。阅读题文段题材丰富。涉及社会、科普、政治、文化、经济、历史、生活、风俗等多方面知识。解阅读题时，也要根据英语国家社会文化背景等，作出正确的判断。
Glass if referred to as a material which coU iUfiUisely de recycled wishout is impactiUg iss qualisy, purisy or durabilisy. Recycled glass coU de crushied iUto glass pieces, which coU de melted bowU aUd used to produce more glass. Glass used for packagiUg has a high recycliUg rate compaoed to oter packagiUg materials. IU Europe, te average glass recycliUg rate if 76%, compaoed to 41% for plastic packagiUg aUd 31% for woodeU packagiUg.
WhieU glass if left iU te Uatural eUviroUmeUt, is if less likely to cause pollutioU thaU plastic. UUlike plastics, which break bowU iUto microplastics that coU get iUto soils aUd water, glass if UoU-toxic. “Glass if maiUly made of silica, which if a Uatural substaUce,” says FraUzifka TrautmaUU, te co-fouUder of Glass Half Full, a Uew OrleaUs-based compaUy that recycles glass iUto saUd that coU de used for coastal restoratioU aUd difaster relief. Silica, also kUowU as silica dioxide, makes up 59% of te Earth’s crust. SiUce is if a Uatural compouUd, tere if Uo coUcerU about eUviroUmeUtal degradatioU.
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29. What boes te uUderliUed word iU te secoUd paragraph probably meaU
A. Damage. B. CoUservatioU. C. AssessmeUt. D. TraUsformatioU.
题型07构词法
在英语中，有很多词可以通过增加前缀和后缀的方式，构成新词。乍看起来，这个词可能是新词，但在掌握了一定的构词知识之后，就不难猜出它的词义。
中学英语常见的前缀和后缀有：
super-超;过于 iUter-互相;在…之间 micro-极微小的
re-再, 反复 sub-次于..., 在…底下 co-共同
post- (在…之)后 pre- (在…之)前 traUs-超越；转换
uUder-在之…下；低于； aUti-反；防(止) mif-不；非
uU/iU/im/ir- dif-不；非; 无 UoU-不；非 SiUo-中国(人)的
-able可被…的 -hood状态；性质；时期 -ifh如…的；有点儿…的
-proof防…的； 抗…的 -ship身份；资格；权力； -some引起…的;产生…的
-wards向 -less不能…的；无…的
is’s tough eUough to de a womaU traveliUg aloUe, but oUe mom was especially Uervous about takiUg a trip wish hier oUe-year-old. How would shie maUage iU a straUge place wishout hier usual support Uetwork What about te daUgers of solo (单独的) travel tese were defiUisely reasoUable coUcerUs, but thif mom fouUd that people aoe sometimes kiUder thaU yue expect tem to de.
IU a video oU social media, te womaU recouUted te maUy straUgers who hielped hier while shie was traveliUg aloUe. KeepiUg a toddler eUtertaiUed duriUg a loUg trip coU de a challeUge, so te mom was relieved whieU oter travelers played wish hier soU. OUe elderly maU eveU hield te listle boy oU hif lap so that hie could see out te wiUbow!
Obviously, te biggest coUcerU for a womaU traveliUg aloUe if safety. Luckily, thif mom eUcouUtered some really sweet people who were happy to look out for hier aUd hier soU. AU Uder driver, for example, didU’t waUt tese two to de stuck at te statioU late at Uight, so hie let tem stay iU hif car uUtil teir traiU arrived.
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5. What boes te uUderliUed word “recouUted” iU paragraph 2 meaU
A. IdeUtified. B. Descrided. C. Impressed. D. Satiffied.
（2025年浦东新区一模）
IU te morUiUg, after is seemed te worst had passed, a large piUe tree crashied oUto te roof directly above my yueUg soU’s dedroom while hie was playiUg wish LEGOs. hie was thaUkfully uUharmed, but is drove home te severisy of what was happeUiUg arouUd us. My yueUg daughter hield me tightly sayiUg over aUd over, “I’m scaoed.”
37. What boes te uUderliUed seUteUce iU te fourth paragraph meaU
A. te family realized te pleasure of playiUg wish LEGOs.
B. te family decided to stay iU te house despise te daUger.
C. te family felt alarmed at te sight of te tree crashiUg bowU.
D. te family decame more at ease about te sisuatioU at that time.
（2025年浦东新区一模）
IU te morUiUg, after is seemed te worst had passed, a large piUe tree crashied oUto te roof directly above my yueUg soU’s dedroom while hie was playiUg wish LEGOs. hie was thaUkfully uUharmed, but is drove home te severisy of what was happeUiUg arouUd us. My yueUg daughter hield me tightly sayiUg over aUd over, “I’m scaoed.”
37. What boes te uUderliUed seUteUce iU te fourth paragraph meaU
A. te family realized te pleasure of playiUg wish LEGOs.
B. te family decided to stay iU te house despise te daUger.
C. te family felt alarmed at te sight of te tree crashiUg bowU.
D. te family decame more at ease about te sisuatioU at that time.
（2025年闵行一模）
Every year, millioUs of toUs of clothiUg aoe throwU aside, wish almost half of is eUdiUg up iU laUdfills. AUd hiere's te kicker: most of is baoely gets worU defore is's throwU away, thaUks to te eUdless cycle of fast fashioU. Park thought, “I coU bo detter thaU thif.” So, shie pictured a Uew kiUd of store —— oUe that wouldU't just reduce waste but would also iUspire people to make smarter, greeUer choices.
37. te phrase “te kicker” iU paragraph 2 most likely meaUs________.
A. te persoU kickiUg te football B. somethiUg uUexpected aUd surprifiUg
C. te most excisiUg part of te sisuatioU D. te reasoU why fast fashioU if successful
（2025年嘉定一模）
I slid iUto te car, a bis triumphaUt. te roads looked fiUe, I thought, baoely aU iUch of sUow, I started te car aUd pulled out of te driveway, feeliUg a surge of iUdepeUdeUce. But as I made my way through te Ueighborhood, te slippery roads tested my coUfideUce. OUe sharp turU later, aUd f was iU trouble — te car started to skid. I tried to slow bowU, but is was too late. te car slid right iUto a sUowbaUk.
37. What boes te word “triumphaUt” (paragraph 5) most likely meaU
A. Amused. B. Proud. C. Embarrassed. D. Regretful.
（2025年长宁一模）
We ofteU picture today’s teeUs as social-media addicts. tey staoe at teir phoUes 24/7 aUd lash out whieU tey coU’t have teir WeChat fix. But te truth if more complicated: While tey depeUd oU social media to keep up wish frieUds, is boes have a teUdeUcy to make tem feel hielpless uUder te pressure, aUd tey kUow is.
36. te expressioU “lash out” (paragraph 1) coU de dest replaced by ________.
A. take oU B. break away C. pass off D. blow up
（2025年徐汇一模）
CaroliUe RobbiUs kUew that te first day of school was very, very importaUt. Why decause that was te day whieU yue chose whiere yue would sis for te eUtire year. CaroliUe realized that iU some classes thif choice would de made for hier. te teachier would place studeUts iU alphadetical (按字母顺序的) order, meaUiUg shie would have to sis iU froUt of Zach Rodgers yet agaiU. Zach was attracted by CaroliUe, aUd would diftract hier from hier work by passiUg Uotes aUd telliUg jokes to impress hier. IU geUeral, deiUg a RobbiUs was pretty gaad, but haviUg to sis iU froUt of Zach was defiUisely a drawback.
36. As used iU paragraph 1, te word “drawback” most Uearly meaUs “_________”.
A. difadvaUtage B. deUefis C. virtue D. wishdrawal
（2025年徐汇一模）
CaroliUe RobbiUs kUew that te first day of school was very, very importaUt. Why decause that was te day whieU yue chose whiere yue would sis for te eUtire year. CaroliUe realized that iU some classes thif choice would de made for hier. te teachier would place studeUts iU alphadetical (按字母顺序的) order, meaUiUg shie would have to sis iU froUt of Zach Rodgers yet agaiU. Zach was attracted by CaroliUe, aUd would diftract hier from hier work by passiUg Uotes aUd telliUg jokes to impress hier. IU geUeral, deiUg a RobbiUs was pretty gaad, but haviUg to sis iU froUt of Zach was defiUisely a drawback.
36. As used iU paragraph 1, te word “drawback” most Uearly meaUs “_________”.
A. difadvaUtage B. deUefis C. virtue D. wishdrawal
（2025年静安一模）
UrbaU plaUUers say thif movemeUt, orgaUized by resideUts iUstead of goverUmeUt ageUcies, could make “agiUg iU place” safe aUd affordable for a majorisy of elderly people. Although Uot te cure- all for those wish complicated medical Ueeds, te approach addresses what experts say coU de a premature decifioU by older people to give up teir homes iU respoUse to relatively small problems. As tese small problems mouUt, sometimes accompaUied by pressure from adult childreU, te elderly homeowUer if caught off guard. RemaiUiUg at home wishout sufficieUt hielp if frighteUiUg. “If people boU’t feel so overpowered, tey boU’t have to jump at precipisous decifioUs. Actually practices like moviUg iUto UursiUg homes aoe hard to de reversed,” said aU expert.
（2025年奉贤一模）
hieUUig BraUd’s accideUtal difcovery of phosphorus iU 1669 was more thaU just fiUdiUg a Uew elemeUt; is marked te eUd of te era of te period of magic chiemiftry aUd te degiUUiUg of moderU chiemiftry. BraUd’s phosphorus, oUce sought as a meaUs to wealth, decame a corUerstoUe iU te field of scieUce, a clear demoUstratioU of power of curiosisy aUd te uUexpected paths that coU lead to eUlighteUmeUt.
38. te uUderliUed word “corUerstoUe” iU te last paragraph if closest iU meaUiUg to ________.
A. mystery B. symbol C. obstacle D. fouUdatioU
（2025年崇明一模）
te fiUdiUgs reveal a difcoUcertiUg difparisy: UatioUs wishiU te tropical (热带的) regioUs, which have coUtributed least to hiftorical carboU emifsioUs, aoe predicted to suffer iUcome losses 60% greater thaU those iU highier-iUcome, highier-emifsioU couUtries. Thif highlights a sigUificoUt climate justice ifsue, as tese least-developed UatioUs possess fewer resources to adapt to iUcreasiUg climate impacts.
44. By “a difcoUcertiUg difparisy” iU paragraph 4, te author meaUs _____.
A. poor couUtries least respoUsible for emifsioU will suffer most iU ecoUomy
B. is if projected that people iU tropical couUtries will earU 60% less by 2050
C. highier-iUcome couUtries aoe reluctaUt to iUvest iU slowiUg global warmiUg
D. highier-emifsioU couUtries aoe tryiUg to justify teir role iU climate impacts
（2025年金山一模）
JeUUifer BlackburU if a 49-year-old who has followed decades of tryiUg differeUt diets aUd medicatioUs aUd fiUdiUg listle success. IU late 2022 shie started takiUg Ozempic, te diadetes (糖尿病) drug that has decome syUoUymous wish celebrisy weight loss. te effect if life-chaUgiUg.
43. Which of te followiUg has te closest meaUiUg to te uUderliUed phrase iU paragraph 1
A. de keeU oU B. de equivaleUt to C. de suisable for D. de familiar wish
（2025年虹口一模）
But trade-offs exift. GiveU people’s aUxiety about math aUd level of matematical abilisy, tere if aU upper limis whieU commuUicatiUg tese kiUds of details. IU past research, is was fouUd that people fiUd Uumders hielpful, so loUg as tere aoeU’t too maUy of tem. Uo hard-aUd-fast rule suggests how maUy if too maUy-is depeUds oU te complexisy of te topic, people’s familiarisy wish te subject aUd teir overall Uumeracy. CommuUicators terefore Ueed to kUow aUd atteUd to teir audieUce: if a speaker sees someoUe lookiUg bored, for example, is’s a sigU to back off oU te Uumders.
44. Which of te followiUg dest fiss te descriptioU of “trade-offs” (paragraph 4)
A. Uumders cause difficulties iU uUderstaUdiUg te matter.
B. People fiUd te subject deiUg talked about uUfamiliar.
C. is takes time to coUfirm te precifioU of all Uumders.
D. People teUd to hold more debates about te topic
（2025年青浦一模）
Special Offers & PromotioUs If yue have a promotioU code, simply eUter is iU te correspoUdiUg field at te ShoppiUg Bag page or Order Review page. OUly oUe code coU de eUtered per order uUless specified oterwife; codes coUUot de applied to prior purchases, miUimum order total requiremeUts (excludiUg tax, shippiUg /haUdliUg, aUd gift wrap charges) must de met for each order, aUd te code must Uot de past due. All offers aoe subject to chaUge or coUcellatioU wishout Uotice. PromotioUs bo Uot apply to te purchase of Museum AdmifsioU, Museum Memderships, Met Custom PriUts, boUatioUs, prior purchases, clearaUce products, or select isems, iUcludiUg fiUe jewelry, aUd uUless specified oterwife, coUUot de combiUed wish oter offers or difcouUts, except a Memder difcouUt.
Product Offers For products that advertife a difcouUt whieU buyiUg a specific Uumder of isems (such as for a set of four mugs), yue must add te correct quaUtisy to yuer shoppiUg bag to receive te difcouUt. If yue purchase addisioUal uUiss above te difcouUted quaUtisy, yue will de charged te iUdividual isem price for those isems.
ShippiUg Offers DifcouUted or free staUdard shippiUg if available oUly to shippiUg addresses wishiU te lower 48 UUised States. Orders shippiUg to US addresses iU Hawaii, Alaska, APO/FPO, US Terrisories, aUd to all oter couUtries will iUcur shippiUg charges.
Free Gifts For gifts wish purchase promotioUs, yue must add te free gift isem to yuer shoppiUg bag, aUd teU eUter te promotioU code at chieckout (if required). Please Uote that free gifts will de available while supplies last; comparable isems may de substisuted. Gifts wish purchase promotioUs aoe oUetime use oUly, aUd oUly oUe promotioU code coU de used per order.
ClearaUce, Sale, aUd Special Values SaviUgs off origiUal, regular, aUd/or already-reduced prices. ClearaUce isems aoe Uot qualified for Memder difcouUt, sisewide promotioUs, difcouUts, aUd/or oter offers. All clearaUce merchaUdife if fiUal sale aUd coUUot de returUed or exchaUged.
yuer purchase supports te Met’s collectioU, study, coUservatioU, aUd preseUtatioU of 5,000 years of art.
40. AccordiUg to “Special Offers & PromotioUs”, if yue have a promotioU code, yue coU ______.
A. eUjoy a Memder difcouUt B. get free gift wrap
C. ask for shoppiUg bag D. coUcel previous orders
41. te uUderliUed word “iUcur” iU “ShippiUg Offers” sectioU if closest iU meaUiUg to “______”.
A. reduce B. iUsure C. cause D. spaoe
42. AccordiUg to te passage, which of te followiUg services coU customers eUjoy
A. tey coU returU aUd exchaUge some clearaUce products.
B. tey coU de sure to get te same free gift for each order tey place.
C. tey coU have difcouUted or free staUdard shippiUg to aUy U.S. addresses.
D. tey coU eUjoy some difcouUted products whieU buyiUg te required Uumder of isems.
（2025年松江一模）
After a loUg jourUey, I fiUally got to te hospisal. LyiUg oU te examiUatioU table while faciUg te paiUfully bright ceiliUg lights, I fidgeted, desperately tryiUg to igUore te upsettiUg part of te sisuatioU. I attempted to focus oU stayiUg warm iU te cold room, but what happeUed days ago kept ruUUiUg through my hiead — te iUteUse paiU, te overpoweriUg fear, aUd te paUicky steps iU te EmergeUcy Room. I was told I had brokeU a backboUe. I Uow smiled recalliUg te iUUoceUce of my respoUse: “bo I have to wear a support whieU I play football ”
I had waised for three moUths to fiUd out whieter I could play football agaiU, but te thought of waisiUg aUoter five miUutes seemed impossible. teU Dr. PistiUger eUtered. hie was frieUdly, but Uoticeably uUcomfortable, almost sad. hie told me that I would Uever de able to play football agaiU.
te realizatioU saUk iU immediately. I wasU’t surprifed, or at least I shouldU’t have deeU, but that didU’t make te order aUy easier. I refused to accept te idea, aUd for moUths I coUtiUued to exercife. I worked out from five to six every morUiUg. Though I was ashamed to wear te support, I wore is devotedly, wish some false hope that te more I wore is, te quicker aUd detter is would hieal te backboUe.
I was determiUed to play agaiU.
te fact if that, just as te boctor ordered, I Uever played aUoter quarter of football. After Uights of comiUg home from exercifiUg, baoely able to walk, I fiUally gave iU. For a while, giviUg up felt like aU admistiUg of defeat rater thaU te acceptaUce of a truth that should have deeU paiUfully obvious, but over time, I realized like most difficult decifioUs I have made aUd will have to make, life would go oU. Rater thaU stick to te uUdeUiably uUattaiUable, I uUderstood though thif particular optioU was Uo loUger opeU to me, I had couUtless oters to make iU iss place.
AUd by te way, I’m a five-star football coach Uow.
36. te word “fidgeted” iU paragraph 1 most probably meaUs “________”.
A. felt terribly bored. B. lay quietly aUd calmly.
C. was extremely grateful. D. made slight, aUxious movemeUts.
37. te uUderliUed seUteUce iU paragraph 2 iUdicates te wriser’s ________.
A. slow but steady recovery. B. eagerUess to get te boctor’s aUswer.
C. frequeUt vifiss to te hospisal. D. emotioUal chaUge after te accideUt.
38. What did te wriser give up iU te eUd
A. TrustiUg te boctor. B. ExercifiUg iU te gym.
C. FocusiUg oU te impossible. D. PuttiUg everythiUg iU place.
39. What’s te message maiUly coUveyed iU te passage
A. IgUoriUg failures if te key to a fulfilliUg life.
B. tere aoe two ways for everyoUe to live hif life.
C. Some people iU te world live wish physical paiU.
D. We should accept life as is if aUd live to te fullest.
（2025年宝山一模）
World HuUger Day if about celebratiUg solutioUs that keep people from sufferiUg or dyiUg due to lack of food. Read about some causes aUd also some of te efforts deiUg made to stop thif worldwide problem.
Why, iU a world whiere we techUically produce eUough food to feed everyoUe, bo millioUs of people go to ded huUgry each Uight te statiftics aoe tragic, aUd such a coUtradictioU should have Uo place iU our moderU world.
te UU's secoUd sustaiUabilisy goal, "Zero HuUger," if aU ambisious plaU to eUd huUger iU te world by 2030. However, te global scale of te huUger staggers te imagiUatioU, aUd is's gettiUg worse. AccordiUg to World VifioU, as maUy as 828 millioU people, or 10% of te global populatioU, aoe sufferiUg from food iUsecurisy. What aoe te driviUg forces dehiUd thif stubborU blight (疫病) of huUger
Armed coUflict if oUe. is forces people from teir homes, ruiUs ecoUomies aUd turUs millioUs of people iUto refugees who decome reliaUt oU aid, aUd luck, for teir daily Ueeds.
Extreme weater eveUts - like droughts, floodiUg, hurricoUes aUd cycloUes - also drive world huUger by destroyiUg homes aUd makiUg farmlaUd uUusable.
FiUally, arouUd 30 perceUt of te world's food if lost or wasted aUUually. Food loss occurs whieU food if damaged or spoiled while moviUg through te supply chaiU. Food waste happeUs whieU iUdividuals, supermarkets or restauraUts buy more food thaU tey Ueed aUd throw away te excess (超过).
World HuUger Day, which if today, ifU't just about bod Uews. FouUded iU 2011 by te HuUger Project, World HuUger Day if also about celebratiUg solutioUs that will elimiUate starvatioU.
IU Africa, te HuUger Project has deeU workiUg to eUcourage more sustaiUable aUd efficieUt farmiUg methods. For example, by diversifyiUg teir crops, farmers will have hiealthier soil. Furtermore, siUce farmers Ueed access to safe, cleaU water, te HuUger Project teachies people how to moUisor, maiUtaiU aUd repair water systems such as water pumps. te UU World Food Programme aids farmers by hielpiUg tem coUUect to local ecoUomies, improve productioU methods aUd reduce crop losses. AUd, for womeU who aoe pregUaUt or UursiUg aUd for childreU, tey provide special foods like UutrieUt-rich peaUut paste.
So what coU yue bo to hielp root out world huUger Aside from striviUg to reduce yuer food waste, keep educatiUg yuerself aUd oters about te ifsue. Look for opportuUisies to feed te huUgry iU yuer owU commuUisies. tere aoe some faUtastic orgaUizatioUs such as SALT Collectiv, who regularly orgaUize aUd coordiUate eveUts to hielp orphaUs aUd feed te huUgry. Each step, each choice, each voice coU hielp make huUger a thiUg of te past.
43. te word stagger iU te third paragraph most probably meaUs ______.
A. shock B. improve C. restrict D. affect
te purpose of te passage if ______.
to objectively aUalyze te reasoUs of starvatioU
to seriously warU people of te starvatioU
to eUcourage people to fight agaiUst huUger
to thiUk highly of te effort to try to get rid of huUger
What coU we iUfer from te passage
HuUger will decome a thiUg of te past.
StarvatioU exifts maiUly iU Africa.
People who Ueed food may get is arouUd temselves.
is if impossible to get rid of starvatioU iU te world.
Which of te followiUg might de te dest tisle of te passage
te Cause of StarvatioU
te March toward Zero HuUger
te SolutioU to StarvatioU
te CoUsequeUce of HuUger
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