2025年人教版中考英语一轮复习基础知识汇总

目录
Unit1 初二知识回顾....................P2
Unit2 宾语从句....................P7
Unit3 宾语从句....................P7
Unit4 used to do.................... P9
Unit5 被动语态.................... P10
Unit6 被动语态.................... P10
Unit7 被动语态.................P10
Unit8 情态动词................... P15
Unit9 定语从句.................... P16
Unit10 主题：文化礼仪.............. P18
Unit11 使役动词...................P19
Unit12 过去完成时.................... P19
Unit13 主题：保护环境 ............P22
Unit14 主题：学校日.............. P22
附录1：节日表达、月份、星期、学科P25
附录2：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词P26
附录3：基数词、序数词P26
附录4：动词变过去式、过去分词P27
附录5：名词变复数的规则P30
附录6：阅读技巧表格P32
初中重要语法点
初一：一般现在时(am/is/are;do/does)，一般过去时(was/were;did)，现在进行时(am/is/are+doing)，there be句型(is/are/was/were)，方位名词
初二：比较状语从句(adj/adv原级、比较级、最高级)，一般将来时(will+v原；am/is/are going to do)，条件状语从句(if主将从现，主情从现，主祈从现)，过去进行时(was/were+doing)，现在完成时(have/has+done)
初三：宾语从句，被动语态(be动词+done)，定语从句，情态动词，过去完成时(had+done）
四大句式：陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句
状语从句连接词：although,even if, than,when,while,before,after,until,not..until,as soon as,unless,because,as long as,if,so that,in order that,such...that,so...that,等
带w的特殊疑问词：when,where,why,how,which,what,who,whom,whose,how long,how far,how many,how much,how soon,how often等
Unit1:How can we become good learners
一．基础知识
It sounds good.主系表结构。
1.be动词：am,is,are,was,were
1.系统学习:系动词 2.感官动词：sound,smell,taste,feel,look
保持：keep,stay,remain
变得：become,get,turn,grow
系动词的特点：后边+adj构成“系表结构” taste good/keep healthy/turn green/look beautiful
那么什么时候用“副词well”呢？study well/run fast/teach well只有行为动词才用副词well
行为动词和副词构成“动副结构”
1.及物动词+宾语（O） 动宾
1.行为动词
2.不及物动词+（prep+O） 介宾
2.系统学习：动词： 2.系动词
3.助动词一般现在时do/does过去时did将来will现在完成have/has
4.情态动词 can/could/may/might/must/should/shouldn’t/can’t/couldn’t/
may not/mightn’t/have to/needn’t/don’t have to/mustn’t/had better/had better not
注意：助动词不翻译意思；情态动词+v原
有的词可能有多个词性：have当行为动词翻译成“有”，表达否定需要借助don’t/doesn’t,表达疑问需要借助do/does;have当助动词，没有任何意思，用于现在完成时have/has+v过去分词
1.be动词+主语+.... be动词问，be动词回答。
3.系统学习：一般疑问句： 2.助动词+主语+动原.... 助动词问，助动词答。（除了现完）
3.情态动词+主语+动原.... 情态动词问，情态动词回答。
特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句 带w都是特殊疑问词：what/when/where/how/等
1.What are you doing
2.How does he go to school
3.What can I do for you
句子成分：
1.主谓宾
2.主系表
4.系统学习：简单句： 3. 主 谓
4.主谓宾双宾语
5.主谓宾宾补
并列句：and,but,or,so
复合句：宾语从句，定语从句，条件状语从句，时间状语从句，让步状语从句，目的状语从句，原因状语从句，结果状语从句等。
Q1:什么是从句？连接词+句子=从句
Q2:什么是连接词？①that②if,whether,③带w的特殊疑问词
Eg.I don’t know why you like me.宾语从句（初三）
If it rains,I will go to school by myself.条件状语从句（初二上）
I know the girl who helped me clean the floor yesterday.定语从句（初三）
词组练习
by by+doing通过...方式，用How提问;by+交通工具;by+名词（在...旁边）; by+oneself依靠某人自己;learn...by oneself自学；by+时间点（截止到....） word by word逐字逐句,bit by bit渐渐地,step by step逐步地,one by one逐个
ask ask sb for help向某人寻求帮助，ask sb to do sth要求某人做某事， ask sb not to do否定
learn learn to do sth学着去做某事/learn...by oneself自学/ learn from从...中学习/learn about了解
try Try to do尽力做某事/doing尝试做某事
afraid be afraid to do sth= be afraid of doing sth害怕做某事
help help sb (to) do sth,help sb with sth,help oneself to...请自便
说 Speak+语言,say+说话的内容,talk to sb/with sb谈论，talk about sth tell sb.sth=tell sth to sb告诉
born Be born in+月份/年份，be born on+某一天,出生于....时候 be born with+n/n短语 天生具有.... be born into+家庭背景
喜欢做某事 enjoy doing sth=feel like doing sth=like to do/doing sth
想要做某事 would like to do sth=want to do
衔接词 at first起初/first of all首先/in a word/all in all总而言之
good Be good at擅长做...=do well in +doing,be good with擅于应付某人，be good for对...有好处
look Look for查找，look up查阅,look after照顾=take care of=care for,look at看
目的 Purpose,in order to+v原,in order that+句子,so,because，to do表目的
连接词 until直到 ,unless除非,as soon as一...就..., before, after,not...until直到...才
双宾语 ①give sb.sth=give sth to sb,给②offer sb.sth=offer sth to sb提供 ③provide sb.sth=provide sth for sb提供④bring sb.sth=bring sth for sb提供 ⑤borrow sth from sb,借入⑥lend sb.sth=lend sth to sb借出 ⑦prepare sb.sth=prepare sth for sb准备
固定搭配 Listen to tapes/music，Read aloud大声地读，spoken English/oral English口语give a report作报告fall in love with爱上 Practice/finish+doing，练习/完成某事begin to do sth开始做某事 make mistakes犯错误，in grammar在语法上，discuss sb with sth和某人讨论某事，think of想出，认为=come up with,be interested in doing sth= take an interest in对...感兴趣 depend on依靠，依赖于，have...in common在....地方有共同点 pay attention to注意+doing,connect...with...将...和...连接起来succeed in doing sth成功做某事find out查明 something new某些新的东西 agree with sb同意某人的意见share sth with sb和某人分享某事make notes做笔记 write letters写信 be stressed out过度劳累，压力很大instead of代替，而不是at once=right away立刻，worry about担心over and over again再三，反复不断地
谚语saying Use it or lose it.用进废退/Practice makes perfect.熟能生巧
三．语法学习
介词的常用含义：with和+sb/伴随/+工具“用”,for为了,of....的,to给+对象,about大约,on关于,without没有,by通过...(介词+doing)例如：how about/pay attention to/by/without+doing
What about/How about+doing...怎么样？①表示提建议
知识联动1：Why not+v原？=Why don’t you+v原？②也表示提建议
知识联动2：some用于肯定句和表示请求、建议（①②）的疑问句；Any用于否定句和一般性的疑问句（这时候，都是“一些”，都加n复/不可n）;但是any“任何一个”+n单数，用于任何句式。
to do表目的
...too...to.../...so...that.../....so that..../..such...that....
比较级相关的知识点a little/even/far/much+比较级（后边系统讲）
The more you read, the faster you’ll be.你阅读地越多，你将变得越快。
The+比较级......,the+比较级......越....越......
read quickly动副短语-do well
Get含义：①理解②买③得到④get to到达/arrive at/reach⑤变得+adj
四大花费：take,spend,pay,cost
It takes/took sb sometime to do sth.
Sb spend/spends/spent sometime (in) doing sth.
Sb+pay +金钱for+sthCost
某物值多少钱补充： spend sometime on sth在某物上花费多长时间
it做形式主语和形式宾语
形式主语：It is +adj+for sb+ to do sth
形式宾语：主语+find/think+it+adj+to do sth
doing做主语和it做形式主语听力转换
所有格of和to
The+n+of....表示....的...,先翻译后边，再翻译前边。The help of my teacher我老师的帮助
Without the help of my teacher, I can’t make great progress.
The answer to the question/the key to the door/the secret to language learning这三个必须用to表示的，不能用of
不定代词做主语，谓语动词用三单。
Be like/look like be from/come from区别
Be动词+表示情绪情感的形容词+to do
happy/glad/delighted/sad/upset/excited/angry/mad/surprised/afraid/bored/nervous=worried=
uneasy
Honest诚实的/upstanding正直的/satisfied满意的/enjoyable/pleased愉快的/jealous嫉妒的
because和because of的区别：because+句子；because of+名词短语/名词
四个“也”too/either/also/as well区别
虽然....但是....的运用Although......,........../...........,but.......
只能写一个，但是必须翻译完整“虽然....但是.......”
like介词像+doing,喜欢to do/doing
动副短语和名词代词的位置look them up/look up the dictionary,look the dictionary up
规则：代词放中间，用it还是them，取决于指代的名词，如果名词不可数或者可数名词单数用it;如果名词可数名词复数，用them.
名词放在中间或者最后。
19.enough+n; adj+enough
20.举例:For example,+句子；such as+n/doing不完全列举，前边不加逗号
21.次数：once/twice/three times
22.不定代词和形容词的位置:something new，不定代词做主语谓语动词用三单
23.instead和instead of区别：instead放在句首加,后边加句子；instead of+n/n短语/doing
Instead相反地，on the contrary，相反地（做阅读是关键词圈出来）
there be句型：there is+不可数n/可n单数；there are+可数名词复数(一般现在时)
就近原则：
There was/were(一般过去时)there will be/there is/are going to be(一般将来时)
remember to do/doing及forget to do和doing 区别
四．从句赏析
I also realized I could get the meaning by listening for just the key words.
I discovered that listening to something interesting is the secret to language learning.
单词积累
probably/almost/nearly,表达难difficult=hard,hard困难的，硬的，努力地
mean-meaning-meaningful-meaningless,
understand-understanding,use-useful-useless
bad dream=nightmare噩梦,key关键的，主要的，钥匙，
学科：math/physics/chemistry/Chinese/history/geography/biology/physics/politics-political政治的-politic精明的,memorize记住(v)-memory记忆(n)
statement语句，陈述，声明,challenge挑战
Succeed(v)-success(n)-successful(adj)-successfully(adv)成功 形容词后缀：-ful,-less,-able,-al
有的动词过去分词和形容词是一个:stressed(adj)紧张的，有压力的 broken破损的(adj)
Unit2 I think that mooncakes are delicious!
Unit3 Could you please tell me where the restrooms are
节日 The Water Festival泼水节 The Dragon Boat Festival端午节 The Chinese Spring Festival春节 The Lantern Festival元宵节
感叹句 1.What+ a/an+adj+n单数+(主语+谓语)！ 2.What+adj+n复数+(主语+谓语)！ 3.What+adj+不可数n+(主语+谓语)！ 4.How+adj+a/an+n单数+(主语+谓语)！ 5.How+adj/adv+(主语+谓语)！
词组 1.be crowded with挤满,put on 穿上/增加（重量）/展出-take off脱下，起飞-land降落（v）土地（n）eat out出去吃 in two weeks两周以后（in+一段时间回答how soon）from...to...从....到....（时间/地点）be similar to与...相似throw sth at sb朝某人扔某物 In the shape of 呈...形状 carry sb.sth=carry sth to sb把某物送给某人 folk stories民间故事 shoot down击落，枪杀 fly up to飞向call out唤起lay out布置，安排 the tradition of....的传统 2.admire the moon赏月 share sth with sb和某人分享某物give sb.sth=give sth to sb把某物给某人 celebrate the Mid-Autumn Festival庆祝中秋节refuse to do sth拒绝去做某事on the earth在地球上as a result，结果是plan to do sth计划去做某事instead of代替，而不是 instead相反 without doing 没有做....（介词+doing）try to do sth尽力去做某事try doing sth尝试去做某事 take sb out带某人出去 report to sb报告给某人 3.haunted house鬼屋 trick or treat不给糖果就捣蛋Happy Halloween万圣节快乐 make/let/have+sb+V原 使某人....dress up as装扮成 think of想起，认为，想出think about考虑care about在意remind sb of sth使某人想起某事wake up醒来find out发现 decide to do sth决定去做某事promise to do sth承诺去做某事people in need有需要的人 spread love and joy传递爱和欢乐 write a letter to sb给某人写了一封信give out分发 4.give birth to诞生，出生 an egg hunt寻蛋游戏get some money取一些钱 make money赚钱 make a living谋生 amusement park游乐场 go on the new ride乘坐新的游乐设施get there到那 hold my hand握住我的手 on the way to...去...的路上 pass by经过 a rock band一个摇滚乐队 mail a letter寄一封信 need to do sth需要去做某事 ask for help寻求帮助 depend on依靠 communicate with sb和某人交流 parking lot停车场 look forward to doing sth期望做某事wake up醒来
宾语从句赏析 Bill thinks that the races were not interesting to watch. Mary thinks that the teams were fantastic. Bill wonders whether they’ll have zongzi again next year. Bill and Mary believe that they’ll be back next year to watch the races. I wonder if they’ll have the races again next year. I believe that April is the hottest month in Thailand. I wonder if children over there also give similar gifts to their parents. He just care about whether he can make more money. Could you tell me where we could go next Could you please tell me how to get to the post office Sorry,I’m not sure how to get there.
一词多义 correct正确的（adj）;纠正（v） time时间，时期，times次数， luck运气（n）-lucky幸运的（adj）-luckily幸运地（adv）-unluckily不幸地（adv）steal-stole-stolen偷 Scary(指物,令人害怕的)-scared(指人,害怕的) die(v)-died(过去式)-dead(adj)-death(n)死亡 restroom/bathroom/washroom=洗手间 match(v.匹配，比赛)(n.火柴) polite礼貌的-impolite不礼貌的 convenient(adj)便利的-convenience(n)方便
关联词 Between...and...在...和...之间（两者）；among在....之间（≥3者以上） One.......,the other........一个...另一个.... Some.....,others......一些.....,另一些.......
介词 in+大的时间（年，季节，月份，生日具体到月） On+具体的某一天（星期，生日具体到天，a cold morning）
频率 Five meals a day一天五顿 once a week一周一次 twice a month一个月两次 three times a year一年三次（≥3次：基数词+times+a+具体的名词week/day/year/month）
语法 宾语从句（重难点）
定义 在复合句中，由从句充当宾语部分，这样的从句叫做宾语从句。
形成 They know the teacher. 主语：______,谓语：______,宾语：________ The teacher is a man. 第一个句子由______充当宾语，结构为：主谓宾，属于简单句的一种。 假如不用_____来充当宾语，由______来充当宾语，那么宾语部分改写为：____________即__________。 那么第一个句子改写完变成：_____________________________________。 这个句子就是宾语从句。
类型 动词之后、介词之后、形容词之后
连接词 ①that无意义，可以省略，不作成分 ②if/whether“是否”，whether可以和or not连用，if不可以 ③带w的特殊疑问词：who/which/whom/whose/what/that/when/where/why/How long/How far/How soon/How much等
陈述语序 即：不能把be动词/助动词/情态动词提到主语之前 主谓宾 主系表 主谓 主谓宾双宾语 主谓宾宾补
时态 1.主现从任意 2.主过从过（主过从真理，从句用一般现在时）
Unit4：I used to be afraid of the dark.
词汇 appearance外表personality性格 hobby兴趣 article/passage文章 identify识别 paragraph段落appear出现，露面-disappear消失 interview采访(v)crowds人群 crowded拥挤的 require/request要求 ant蚂蚁insect昆虫 urban城市的 rural农村的 town城镇的 countryside农村的
词组 5.be afraid of 害怕.....+doing,for the first time首次 be crowded with挤满了 use使用，used过去式，used to do sth过去常常做某事(used to be+adj) be/get used to doing sth习惯于做某事 be used to do sth被用来做某事 adj+enough,enough+n足够 from time to time有时 be/become/get interested in=take an interest in对...感兴趣+doing lose interest in对...失去兴趣+doing such+名词短语(such a great idea)如此棒的一个主意 6.talk to sb交谈(单方面)/talk with sb交谈(互相)/talk about sth谈论某事 see sb do sth/doing sth(do是全过程，doing是进行)wear glasses戴眼镜take up doing sth开始从事某事，占据 deal with处理 dare to do sth敢于去做某事 not...any more不再...，like像（介词）+doing，be able to do sth能够去做某事 tons of许多 have to 不得不 worry about担心/be worried about ;hang out闲逛 be prepared to do sth/for sth= be ready to do sth/for sth准备去做某事/为某事做准备 7.give up放弃/give out分发/give away捐赠/give back归还 think about doing sth考虑做某事 fight on继续战斗 make it做到A number of许多+v复数+n复数；the number of....的数量+V单数+n复数/代词at least至少 at most最多 in public公开地 public school公立学校 private school私立学校give a speech发表演讲 in person亲自be nervous about对..感到紧张all the time一直Be good at=do well in +doing sth擅长做某事 8.be absent from缺席 influence sb to do sth影响某人去做某事 boarding school寄宿学校advise sb to do sth建议某人去做某事 be always doing 总是....take pride in=be proud of以...为骄傲pass the exam通过考试 fail the exam未通过考试 take/have an exam参加考试 look after=take care of=care for照顾 make a decision to do sth决定去做某事
形容词 Tall, straight直的,curly卷的,outgoing外向的,funny滑稽的,friendly友好的,serious严肃的，humorous幽默的,silent安静的,active活跃的,brave勇敢的,quiet安静的helpful有帮助的brave勇敢的,popular受欢迎的
句式 肯定句：主语+used to do sth 否定句：主语+didn’t use to do sth 一般疑问句：Did+主语+use to do sth Yes,主语+did. No,主语+didn’t.
副词 almost几乎 nearly差不多 always总是 sometimes有时 hardly几乎不 seldom很少 never从不 often经常usually通常 频率副词位置：行前情系后；also也是
知识 回顾 现在完成时：It’s been three years since we last saw our primary school classmates. 宾语从句： 1.It’s interesting to see how people have changed. 2.Candy told me that she used to be really shy and took up singing to deal with her shyness. 感叹句：How big and strong he is! It形式主语：It’s very important for parents to be there for their children.
系表 turn red变红 get better变得更好
介词 on关于of...的 with和,用,伴随 for为了,对于,持续to给
Unit5:What are the shirts made of
Unit6:When was it invented
Unit7:Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes.
词组(1) 9.be made of/from由...制成（of看得见原材料，from看不见原材料）be made in+地名(:产地.....) be made by sb由...制造（by是被的意思）allow doing sth允许做某事，allow sb to do sth允许某人去做某事；be allowed to do sth被允许去做某事 be used to do sth= be used for doing sth被用来做某事 10.have to不得不be famous/known for因...而出名be famous/known as作为...而出名 as far as I know,据我所知all over the world=around the world全世界 be good for对...有好处for example例如，such as例如 another country另一个国家no matter what=whatever无论什么（其他特殊疑问词同理） 11.even though/if即使avoid doing sth避免做某事 in fact事实上everyday things日用品buy sb.sth=buy sth for sb为...买东西children under 18：未成年silver plate银器 fly a kite放风筝find out查明 different kinds of+n复数:不同种类的...learn to do sth学着去做某事 international kite festival国际风筝节 12.turn into变成-turn on打开-turn off关闭-turn up调大点-turn down调小点，拒绝-refuse/decline拒绝-turn over翻转according to根据 sky lantern孔明灯 paper cutting剪纸 Chinese clay art中国陶艺或者粘土艺术hot-air balloons热气球put on穿，戴，涂，抹，上演，增加（体重）穿上-take off脱下，起飞-land降落（v），土地(n)fairy tale神话故事air-dry风干 13.be covered with被...覆盖 in trouble处于危险之中-out of trouble摆脱危险send out发出排出rise into上升到...中 go on a vacation去度假take a trip去旅行put forward提出-put away收好-put out熄灭
单词 Chopsticks筷子fork叉knife刀coin硬币blouse女衬衫wood木头gold黄金silver银glass玻璃ring戒指；打电话给...;material原材料cotton棉花steel钢fair展销会，公平的-unfair不公平的exhibition展览/show展览protection保护(n)-protect保护(v)painting绘画（n），plant(v)种植，(n)植物side边，半山腰pick采摘，pick up捡起，接某人放学process(v)加工product产品（n）produce生产（v）polish抛光brand品牌realize意识到（v）postman邮差 hold举行 colorful（adj）多姿多彩的bamboo竹子clay粘土object物品over超过/结束/在...上方/在...期间as作为/如同/因为/当..时候fold折叠 during在...期间symbol象征lit照亮的happiness快乐-sadness悲伤 artwork艺术作品special特殊的 dry（v）变干；（adj）干的
国家名 Thailand泰国Korea韩国 America美国Germany德国Japan日本France法国Switzerland瑞典
语法 it做形式宾语：Sb+believe/find/feel/consider/think等+it+adj+to do sth/that从句（注意主过从过） Before/after+doing短语/句子/n 情态动词+be+adj/will+be+adj/Please+be+adj/Don’t+be+adj(凡是动原的地方都可以替换成be+adj) Every day和everyday的区分：分开的是“每天”时间状语单独使用，放在句子开头或者结尾；合在一起是形容词，“每天的”后边必须加名词 Several+n复数 几个..... Take表示花费（见1单元知识点）/spend/pay/cost
被动 语态 (1) 基本结构：be动词+done(动词的过去分词) 行为动词的基本形式：do-does-did-doing-done 一般现在时的被动只需要变化be动词为am/is/are即可，根据具体的动词替换done。简言之：am/is/are+done 举例1：主动：I eat an apple.我吃了一个苹果。 被动：An apple is eaten by me.一个苹果被我吃了。 eat-ate-eaten 所以，需要掌握每个单词的过去分词（done），才能理解句子的意思。 举例2：The international kite festival is held in Weifang every year. hold-held-held 每年在潍坊举办国际风筝节。 举例3：Many traffic accidents are caused by careless driving. cause-caused-caused 许多交通事故是由于粗心驾驶造成的。 举例4：Most of the earth’s surface is covered by water. cover-covered-covered 地球表面的大部分都被水覆盖。 allow-allowed-allowed 举例5：Children under 18 aren’t allowed to watch this show without their parents. 18岁以下的孩子没有他们的父母不允许看这个节目. 举例6：The classroom is cleaned by the students every day. 教室每天由学生打扫。 clean-cleaned-cleaned 举例7：What language is spoken in Germany 德国说什么语言 speak-spoke-spoken 举例8: The paper,usually red,is folded before it is cut with scissors. 纸,通常是红色的,在用剪刀剪之前通常要经过折叠。fold-folded-folded 举例9: They are seen as bright symbols of happiness and good wishes. 它们被视为幸福和美好愿望的象征。 see-saw-seen 举例10: Today the telephone is used around the world. 今天，电话在世界各地被使用。 use-used-used
词组(2) 14.run on electricity用电驱动（on是用的意思）such a great invention一个如此伟大的发明have a point有道理at that time在那时by accident偶然by mistake错误地fall into掉入...里the saint of tea茶圣not...until直到...才 in less than 100 years不到一百年 national drink国民饮料take place发生even though/if即使 15.without doubt毫无疑问the nature of tea茶的本质the first to do sth第一个去做..的人 at a low price以一个低价advise sb not to do sth建议某人不要做某事translate...into..把..翻译成....all of a sudden突然break the rule打破规则，follow the rule遵守规则thin enough足够地薄in the end最后be asked to do sth被要求去做某事divide..into..把...分成...teach sb to do sth ;get sth in让...进入...里 16.at the same time同时stop...from...阻止....+doing，see sb doing sth看见某人正在做某事/see sb do sth看见某人做某事（全过程）not only.....but(also)....不但...而且....the number of....的数量look up to钦佩，仰慕-look down on 蔑视，瞧不起encourage sb to do sth鼓励某人去做某事achieve one’s dream实现某人的梦想add to添加come up with提出=think of ;lead to导致ask sb not to do sth要求某人不要做某事decide on sth决定某事/decide to do sth决定去做某事
单词 invent（v）发明-invention(n)发明-inventor（n）发明者，创造者 popularity普及，流行summarize（v）总结-summary（n）总结professional(adj)专业的，职业的 order(n)顺序（v）点菜 light(n)灯，光(v)点燃(adj)轻的，浅色的-heavy(adj)重的 Zipper拉链pioneer（n）先驱，创办者widely广泛地around大约，周围 Accidental(adj)偶然的，意外的drink饮料ruler直尺，统治者/领导人-leader领导者nature自然，本质earthquake地震villager村民ring（n）戒指，（v）给...打电话biscuit饼干crispy脆的sour酸的sweet甜的salty(adj)咸的spicy辣的customer顾客 game/match/competition/contest/race比赛 compete竞争（v）much-loved深受喜爱的（adj）correct/right（adj）正确的，correct(v)纠正 Achievement(n)成就 hallway门厅走廊appear出现（v）-disappear消失（v） event赛事，比赛，项目 player/athlete运动员increase增加-decrease/decline/drop减少fall下降undermine/weaken/cut down削减drink酒，饮料（n）喝（v）drop减少，掉落，放弃=give up，fall掉落，下降，瀑布，秋天
语法 such+名词短语 It is said that/It is believed that+句子 据说/人们认为 Take place和happen的区别 Take place:①有计划性②具体的事件③发生；举行，开展--hold也有举行的意思 Happen：①偶然性②抽象宽泛的事情③sth happen to sb(vi)某事发生在某人身上 使役动词make+sb+adj make me happy make/have/let+sb/sth+v原 使sb/sth......
系表 become popular变得受欢迎
被动 语态 (2) 一般过去时的被动同理只需要变化be动词为was/were即可，根据具体的动词替换done。简言之：was/were+done 句子里需要有过去的标志词，才能用was/were+done,否则，只能是一般现在时am/is/are+done 举例1: According to Chinese history, sky lanterns were first used by Zhuge Kongming. 根据中国历史记载,孔明灯是被诸葛孔明首次使用的。use-used-used 举例2：Many people believe that tea was first drunk about 5,000 years ago. 许多人认为茶最早是在5000年前开始被饮用的。 drink-drank-drunk 举例3：It is believed that tea was brought to Korea and Japan during the 6th and 7th centuries. bring-brought-brought 人们认为，茶是在6世纪和7世纪被带到韩国和日本的。 举例4：The telephone was invented by Alexander Graham Bell. 电话是亚历山大·格拉汉姆·贝尔发明的。 invent-invented-invented 举例5：He was born in 1847. bear-bore-born 他出生于1847年。 grow-grew-grown 举例6：The book describes how tea plants were grown and used to make tea. 这本书描述了茶树是如何种植以及如何用来制茶的。 举例7：The fridge was sold at a low price. sell-sold-sold 冰箱以低价出售。 举例8：My camera was stolen from my hotel room by somebody. 我的相机被人从我的酒店房间里偷走了。 steal-stole-stolen 举例9：We were advised not to go out alone by our parents. 我们的父母建议我们不要独自外出。 advise-advised-advised 举例10：The book was translated into different languages by different writers. 这本书被不同的作家翻译成不同的语言。translate-translated-translated 举例11：You were invited to the party last night,weren’t you 你昨晚被邀请参加聚会了，不是吗？ invite-invited-invited 举例12：The earthquake happened all of a sudden, but luckily the villagers were brought to a safe place. bring-brought-brought 地震突然发生，但幸运的是，村民们被带到了一个安全的地方。 举例13：The door was locked when we arrived, so we rang the bell. 我们到达时门是锁着的，所以我们按了门铃。 lock-locked-locked 举例14：The students were told not to eat or drink in class,but Ruby broke the rule when she started eating a biscuit in science class. tell-told-told 学生们被告知不要在课堂上吃喝，但鲁比在科学课上开始吃饼干时违反了规定。
词组(3) 17.allow doing sth允许做某事/allow sb to do sth允许某人去做某事/be allowed to do sth被允许去做某事 no way没门 be worried about担心worry about担心sixteen-year-olds16岁的人(n)part-time job兼职/do part-time work做兼职工作， get their ears pierced打耳环（get sth done让某事被做） 18.be excited about 对....激动+doing sth, take photos照相protect...from...保护..免受...read aloud大声地读 discuss sth with sb和某人讨论某事 sing to sb唱歌给某人听run through the field在田野里奔跑make sure确定，确保keep sb from danger使某人脱离危险give me a hug 给我一个拥抱lift me up/encourage/build me up鼓舞，激励talk back顶嘴scary movies恐怖电影 awful dreams=nightmare噩梦 19.give sb.sth=give sth to sb把某物给某人shout back喊回去by ten十点之前be/arrive late for迟到regret doing sth后悔做某事 answer the question回答问题share sth with sb和某人分享某事 be encouraged to do sth被鼓励去做某事（被动后边经常加 to do）,make decisions to do sth决定去做某事=decide to do sth,too..to..太...而不能...move out搬出去，take care of=look after=care for照顾 20.continue to do sth/doing sth继续做某事（to do表示做完一件再去做另一件，doing代表继续做同一件事），go on继续，Take the test参加考试/pass the test通过考试/fail the test考试失败be strict with sb对某人严格，be strict in sth在某方面严格look at看 get in the way of妨碍 a fifteen-year-old boy一个15岁的男孩get older变老，长大grow up长大practice doing sth练习做某事think about考虑 21.end up as以...告终，最终成为...teach sb to do sth教给某人去做某事 enter university进入大学=get into university,be serious about认真对待+doing=take....seriously,spend time on sth/in doing sth在某事上花时间succeed in doing sth成功做某事care about关心，在意want to be+职业:想要成为... 22.Write a diary写一篇日记agree with sb同意某人的意见 no matter how无论怎样=however,solve the problem解决问题achieve my dream实现我的梦想make a choice做出选择 go shopping去购物
单词 driver’s license驾驶本 agree同意-disagree不同意 grown-ups=adults成年人smoke吸烟statement陈述，声明 serious 严肃的safety(n)安全-danger(n)危险safe(adj)安全的-dangerous（adj）危险的flash闪光灯anyway无论怎样cough咳嗽awful可怕的teen=teenager青少年past超过from由于+doing， poem诗，as当，随着member 成员，会员fail不及格train训练against反对，倚靠possible可能的-impossible不可能的college大学=university,unfair不公平profession职业professional职业的，专业的 explain解释
被动语态(3) 主动：情态动词+v原，will+v原，have/has+v原 与情态动词结合：should be done应该被.../must be done必须被..../mustn’t be done禁止被.....can be done能够被..... 举例：should be allowed应该被允许，can be solved能够被解决 must be cleaned必须被清理 与将来时结合：will be done 举例：will be encouraged将要被鼓励 现在完成时结合：have/has been done已经被....（拓展） 举例：have been educated已经被教育 例句1：No matter how many difficulties we have,I believe all problems can be solved in the end. 无论我们遇到多少困难，我相信所有的问题最终都可以解决。 例句2：Mobile phones should be kept off during the meeting. 会议期间应关闭手机。 例句3：Teenagers under eighteen mush not be allowed to smoke or drink. 必须禁止十八岁以下的青少年吸烟或喝酒。 例句4：Many parents think going to school must be put first,so teenagers should not be encouraged to work part-time. 许多家长认为上学必须是第一位的，所以不应该鼓励青少年做兼职。
Unit8 It must belong to Carla.
词组 23.belong to属于,must+v原（一定/肯定....）,at the picnic在野餐/go to a picnic去野餐,attend a concert参加一场音乐会 ,anything valuable任何珍贵的东西,pick up捡起，接某人放学-pick采摘，run away逃跑，run after追逐,go away走开At first起初see sb doing sth看见某人正在做某事have fun+doing玩得开心get away走开，逃离have no idea不知道 24.feel sleepy感到困倦的catch a bus赶公交车,be crowded with挤满not only...but also..不但...而且...ancient leaders古代的领袖们point out指出put together放在一起prevent/stop sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事victory over/against sb/sth在比赛/选举/战争中取得成功at the same time同时 a long period of time很长的一段时期a medical purpose一个医学的目的
单词 Infer(v)推断，推测-inference(n)推断chart图表plate盘子match(v)匹配writer=author作者,passage=article文章，truck卡车nervous=worried=uneasy担忧的，nervous还有“紧张的”意思。Last最后一个，上一个，next下一个 may可能-might（过去式）band乐队，发带,leave离开，留下-leave for动身去某地，rest休息，剩余，bear(n)熊，（v）忍受，出生，wolf狼，almost几乎,interview(v)采访report(v)报道reporter=journalist(n)记者,outside在外边-inside在里边unusual不寻常的fear(v)害怕，(n)令人焦虑的事，laboratory实验室outdoors在户外 cough咳嗽tidy(adj)整洁的，land(v)降落，(n)土地alien外星人suit(n)西装-(v)适合，suitable(adj)合适的-right合适的,正确的,右边catch(v)抓，赶上crowded拥挤的，原因：as/because/since,转折：but/however/though,receive(v)接待，收到,especially尤其,temple庙宇，church教堂midsummer仲夏prevent阻止，阻挡,honor(v)表示敬意，(n)荣幸，荣誉，ancestor（n）祖先victory(n)胜利lose丢失，输掉（比赛）,win(v)赢+比赛,beat(v)打败+sb;winner获胜者，loser失败者volunteer（v）自愿，（n）志愿者，calendar日历 mystery谜background背景，headline标题，头条新闻information信息reason原因-result结果choice选择(n);choose选择(v),stone/rock石头，rock music摇滚乐，folk music民谣，pop music流行音乐hip-pop music嘻哈音乐century世纪enemy敌人burial(n)埋葬，葬礼-bury(v)埋葬period时期position位置historian历史学家-history历史perhaps或许medical医学的，医疗的hard-working(adj)努力的
知识点 情态动词表示推测：must“一定是”表示肯定的推测，can’t“不可能”表示否定的推测，might/could“可能”表示把握不是百分百的推测。后边都加动词原形。 belong to没有进行和被动语态。 不定代词加形容词（见unit1） maybe和may be的区别：maybe“或许”是副词放在句首修饰句子，may be是情态动词“可能是”。 不定代词做主语谓语动词用三单。Everyone knows each other.(见unit1) ①It must be sb doing sth表示某人正在进行的活动的推测/肯定 例句：I think it must be teenagers having fun.我认为这一定是青少年在闹着玩。 ②There must be sb/sth doing sth.一定有sb/sth在做某事 例句：There must be something visiting the homes in our neighborhood. 一定有什么东西光顾了我们附近的住户。 7.some....,others....(一些人....,另一些人....)
Unit9 I like music that I can dance to.
词组 25.Prefer to do rather than do sth或者instead of doing sth喜欢A而不是B;prefer doing to doing喜欢A胜过B;prefer doing sth/n宁愿/更喜欢....;prefer(sb) to do sth愿意做....；sing along with跟着唱;hold the meeting/conference举行会议;electronic music电子音乐，smooth music轻音乐Chinese folk music民乐listen to the music听音乐spare time空闲时间depend on依靠in that case在那种情况下World WarⅡ第二次世界大战 26.Feel like doing sth喜欢做某事stick to坚持cheer up使高兴，振作起来=lift up激励=encourage鼓励=build up使某人更强大solve the problem解决问题suddenly=all of a sudden突然even sadder更悲伤plenty of+n复数/不可数n大量，许多shut off my brain关闭我的大脑 enjoy+doing sth喜欢做某事too..to..太...而不能....once in a while偶尔be afraid of害怕+doing;not...any more不再...in time及时-on time准时 27.much better好得多 for two hours持续两个小时 in two hours两个小时以后musical instrument乐器by age 17到17岁为止be known for+doing因...而著名grow worse变得更糟糕become blind变盲make money挣钱 get married结婚 continue to do sth继续做某事in this way用这种方式during his lifetime在他一生中by the end of his life在他生命的结尾in total总共national treasure国家宝藏the main idea主旨，中心思想Praise sb as称赞某人为...
单词 Prefer(v)更喜欢,preference(n)喜好，偏爱expression(n)表情；suppose/think/hold认为-hold还有握住,容纳,举行的意思hold on稍等;after+n短语/doing/句子，spare闲置的，备用的director导演depend取决于，依靠，依赖war战争-peace和平，feel like感觉像，喜欢down沮丧的cheer振作起来，humorous幽默的dialog对话，对白character人物/个性 subject学科，主题，主旨theme主旨superhero超级英雄unusual不寻常的strangely不寻常地strange奇怪的sense感觉到sadness悲伤-pain痛苦（n） ;sad悲伤的-painful痛苦的(adj)perform表演(v)performance演出（n）pity遗憾master大师recall回忆起wound伤口suitable合适的Work（v）工作，运转，（n）著作-piece块，片，作品(n)play演奏 电影类型： comedy喜剧documentary纪录片serious movies严肃电影cartoon漫画；卡通片 action movies动作片scary movies恐怖片 聪明的：intelligent-wise-smart-clever 系动词“变得”：become/get/turn/grow; grow增长，种植，变得 Moving-more moving-most moving感人的（原级-比较级-最高级） Bad/badly-worse-worst糟糕的(原级-比较级-最高级） 递进：especially尤其，even甚至，not only...but also...不但....而且....
语法 重难点：定语从句 详细内容见PPT109页
定义 在复合句中，放在名词或者代词之后作定语的从句，叫做定语从句
分类 限制性：删除从句部分，句子意思不完整。 非限制性：删除从句部分，不影响主句意思，表达完整。
先行词 名词或者代词
关系词 关系代词：that/who/whom/which/whose 关系副词：when/where/why
表达 The man is a worker. He wears a jacket. 将两个句子合成一个：方式一：The man is a worker, and he wears a jacket. 将who替代he,试着合成一个复合句： 方式二：The man who wears a jacket is a worker. （穿着一件夹克的）男人是一名工人。
定语从句 I prefer music that has great lyrics. 我更喜欢歌词优美的音乐。 I love music that I can sing along with. 我喜欢能跟着唱歌的音乐。 I suppose I’ll just listen to this new CD I bought. 我想我还是听听我新买的CD吧。 I’ll ask someone who likes serious movies. 我会问喜欢严肃电影的人。 I prefer movies that give me something to think about. 我更喜欢能让我思考的电影。 I enjoy watching an exciting superhero who always saves the world just in time. 我喜欢看令人兴奋的超级英雄，他总是及时拯救世界。 I always bring a friend who isn’t afraid of these kinds of movies. 我总是带一个不害怕这类电影的朋友。 Documentaries like March of the Penguins which provide plenty of information about a certain subject can be interesting. 像《帝企鹅日记》这样的纪录片提供了关于某个主题的大量信息，可能很有趣。 she likes musicians who play different kinds of music. 她喜欢演奏不同类型音乐的音乐家。 I like the movies that are sad. 我喜欢悲伤的电影。 Abing played music that could touch the hearts of people. 阿炳演奏的音乐能够触动人们的心灵。 The comedy has plenty of dialog which is very humorous. 这部喜剧有很多非常幽默的对话。 Although he is an actor who does not have much experience, he did an excellent job in the new war film. 虽然他是一个没有多少经验的演员，但他在这部新的战争片中表现出色。 I don’t think movies which try to describe the future are very interesting.Could we see City Danger instead 我认为试图描述未来的电影并不是很有趣。我们可以看《城市危险》吗？ It sounds like something that we both will enjoy! 听起来我们俩都会喜欢的！
宾语从句 I like to watch different kinds depending on how I feel that day. 我喜欢看不同种类的电影，这取决于我那天的感觉。 When I am tired I don’t want to think too much. 当我累的时候，我不想想太多。
Unit10:You’re supposed to shake hands.
词组 be supposed to do sth应该做某事=should do sth,shake hands握手for the first time首次be expected to do sth被期望做某事 be invited to do sth被邀请去做某事invite sb to do sth邀请某人去做某事as soon as一...就....(时间状语从句，主将从现)hold out my hand伸出我的手make mistakes犯错误to my surprise令我惊讶的是rush around东奔西跑drop by拜访don’t have to=needn’t不需要+v原，walk around四处走动 as...as we can尽我们所能地...../as..as possible尽可能地..../as soon as possible尽可能地快/as much as possible尽可能地多，on time准时at noon在中午get mad生气make an effort to do sth努力去做某事avoid doing sth避免做某事heavy traffic拥挤的交通keep waiting一直等待（keep+doing）without+doing 没有做...make plans to do sth制定计划去做某事something interesting某些有趣的事情It’s no big deal!没什么大不了！/deal with处理 30.Go abroad出国social situations社交场合table manners餐桌礼仪exchange student交换生mind your manners注意你的礼仪/举止stick sth into sth把...扎进..里point at sb指着某人host family寄宿家庭get out of one’s way to do sth特意/想尽办法去做某事=try hard to do sth; make sb feel at home使某人感觉宾至如归 have a great time doing sth/on sth玩得开心be comfortable doing sth习惯于做某事=be/get used to doing sth；be different from与...不同cut up切碎-cut off切断-cut down砍倒not...any more不再school year学年pen pal笔友be excited about对...感到激动go out with people和人们一起出去 32.look forward to doing sth期望去做某事show up出现/show off炫耀be worth doing sth值得做某事fine-dining restaurant高级餐厅 the capital city首都learn about了解make her sister mad使她姐姐生气 go there去那
单词 Custom风俗，习惯，传统bow鞠躬Brazil巴西the United States美国=America,Japan日本，Mexico墨西哥,Korea韩国，朝鲜Switzerland瑞士Colombia哥伦比亚Norway挪威greet(v)打招呼wear-wore-worn穿polite礼貌的-impolite不礼貌的return回报，返回French法国的，法语，hour小时-minute分钟-second秒，capital首都suit西装tie领带suit(v)合适suitable(adj)合适的passport护照chalk粉笔coast海岸pack打包knock敲gloves手套helpful=beneficial有帮助的mind(n)大脑，心灵(v)介意，注意;quiz测验chopsticks筷子conference=meeting会议foreign countries外国challenge挑战 nervous=worried=uneasy担忧的actually事实上as像...一样pretty(adv)非常；(adj)漂亮的with用full吃饱的；满的；忙碌的=busy--free免费的，空闲的/available空闲的，gradually逐渐地compare(v)比较-comparison(n)比较properly正确地suggestions/advice建议 否定前缀：un-dis-im ①uncomfortable不舒服的;uneasy担忧的;unnecessary不需要的unfriendly不友善的unhappy不高兴的unlucky不幸的unluckily不幸地unclear不清楚的 ②disadvantage劣势disappear消失disagree不同意dishonest不诚实的 ③impolite不礼貌的impossible不可能的impatient没耐心的 re开头的词： refuse拒绝，垃圾-replace代替-review复习-recycle回收，利用-repeat重复-remind想起-reach触及-react反应-recommend推荐-recall回忆起-return返回，退回reply回复
语法 When+句子/doing；情态动词+v原（见unit1）
Unit11:Sad movies make me cry.
Unit12:Life is full of the unexpected.
词组（1） 33.make me cry让我哭，would rather do sth宁愿做某事,rather than而不是/instead of而不是,listen to quiet music听轻音乐，drive sb crazy使某人疯狂have...in common在某方面有共同点 have a great time doing sth玩得开心=have fun doing sth= enjoy oneself，why don’t you+v原... =why not+v原...？为什们不... ask sb to do sth要求某人去做某事feel left out感觉被忽视的/排除在外的-make sb feel at home让某人感觉宾至如归 34.make our friendship stronger使我们的友谊更坚固take the medicine吃药an unhappy king一个不开心的国王sleep badly睡的很糟糕feel like eating喜欢吃（+doing）,call in 召回neither...nor...既不...也不.....(就近原则),be worried about doing sth担心做某事 lose my power/wealth失去我的权力/财富take my positon担任我的职位-hold the position担任职务，look carefully at仔细地看/look careful认真看，three days’time三天的时间I’m lost.我迷路了。 35.less important不太重要role-play角色扮演to start with首先 get sth back拿回某物 hand in上交-hand out分发-hand back归还，后退find out找出，查明get better变得更好buy sb. sth=buy sth for sb为某人买某物 throw rubblish扔垃圾clean up the streets清理街道possible endings可能的结局 seach for three days搜寻了三天in general 是一般而言,总之,通常;generally speaking总体上来说agree with sb同意某人的意见live alone独自居住（动副）feel lonely感到孤独（系表） 36.stop thinking停止思考（停止正在做的事）stop to think停下来去思考（停下一件事去做另一件事）soccer field足球场score that goal进球 miss doing sth错过做某事（已发生的事情）let sb down使某人失望the whole day=all the day一整天stupid mistakes愚蠢的错误lose the game输了比赛win the game赢得比赛kick off开除as soon as一....就...walk through走过，ten minutes later十分钟后hear sb doing sth听见某人正在做某事hear sb do sth听见某人做某事的全过程 37.knock on sth敲某物let sb in让某人进来too hard on oneself对某人自己太苛刻 fail my team使我的团队失望team effort团队合作communicate with sb与...沟通learn form mistakes从错误中学习learn about了解be close to winning接近赢了（没赢）be close to doing sth接近做某事continue to do sth继续做某事pull together齐心协力to his surprise令他惊讶的是nod in agreement点头同意 38.feel lucky to do sth感觉幸运去做某事miss a goal失去一份,get a goal得到一分offer sb.sth=offer sth to sb提供某物给某人（provide见unit1）get home到家tell sb about sth告诉某人关于某事（见unit1）get into a fight打架give up放弃
单词 影响：affect(v)-influence(n/v)-effect(n) 合适的：appropriate适当的-proper-suitable合适的，合理的 垃圾:rubbish/garbage/trash/waste/refuse/litter/pollution 失望：fail（disappoint使失望;disappointed失望的,frustrated失望的） 除了：except除了..之外(不包括)；besides除了...之外还有(包括) mate结尾：roommate室友/deskmate同桌/classmate同学/workmate同事 比赛：competition/contest/match/game/race Positive积极的-negative消极的-awful糟糕的-realxed放松的 fail失败，未通过，失望without没有courage勇气encourage鼓励fear恐惧relief欣慰fault/mistakes错误goal目标，进球，（进球）得分score得分experience经历（可数），经验（不可数）perform表现（v） While正当...时候，然而，restaurant饭店lately近来-late 迟到/晚的 Unhappy不高兴-unlucky不幸的，left out（adj）被忽视的，被排除在外的 King国王-queen王后-prime minister首相/总理-palace宫殿-power权力-right权利 the Summer Palace颐和园，ago以前，pale苍白的，worried担心的(adj)-worry担心(v)examine检查，测试，steal偷follow跟随，遵守general将军，free自由的，空闲的，免费的fame名誉，nervous=worried=uneasy担忧的，forever永远suddenly突然=all of a sudden，possible可能的-impossible不可能的 realize(v)意识到-recognize(v)认出，识别出idioms习语phrases短语shoulder肩膀as当 alone(adv)独自地，lonely(adj)孤独的stupid愚蠢的
语法 1.Make+sb/sth+V原/adj 使某人...../处于某种状态 Make me cry让我哭/make me happy让我高兴make me sleepy让我困倦的make me mad/angry使我生气的/make me worried使我担心 Make之外还有have/let/get使役动词，“使/让”这个意思 the+比较级......,the+比较级.....(越...,越....)见unit1 The more I get to know Julie, the more I realize that we have a lot in common. 我越了解朱莉，我越意识到我们在很多地方有共同之处。 3.将来时的结构:am/is/are going to do sth将要做某事;will+v原 ;be about to do sth
词组（2） 39.Be full of=be filled with充满，sth happen to sb在某人身上发生某事，by the time在...期间，到...时候，take turns to do sth轮流做某事，get up起床，wake up醒来，stay up熬夜，make up编造，组成，化妆，be/arrive late for迟到，go off响起，put on穿上，增加（体重）-take off脱下，起飞-land降落，登陆，土地 Rush out of奔出 rush in冲进 give sb a lift让某人搭便车do me a favor帮我一下 40.Keep sleeping一直睡觉World Trade Center世贸中心be about to do sth将要做某事go up上升 decide to do sth决定做某事get a coffee买一杯咖啡even though及时wait in line排队，cut in line插队in disbelief难以置信stare at sth盯着...看 go straight直走get to/arrive at the airport到达机场（见unit1）in a year未来一年hear about/of听说 hear from收到....来信the day before前一天turn into转变 41.finish doing sth完成做某事feed her dog喂她的狗leave for somewhere动身去某地-leave somewhere离开某地get dressed穿衣服invite sb to do sth邀请某人去做某事play jokes on sb嘲笑某人=laugh at sb,play tricks on sb捉弄某人take place发生,each other互相，sell out售罄lose weight减肥，put on weight增重 end up doing sth以...结尾marry sb嫁给某人/娶了某人 get married结婚(动作) 42.rather than而不是move across穿过，跨越 hundreds of成百上千的,two hundred两百thousands of成千上万的，two thousand两千run out of用完（人做主语）/run out被用完（物做主语）answer the question回答问题 land on the earth登陆地球run away逃跑a piece of paper一张纸/two pieces of paper两张纸 in the middle of the road在路的中间 turn around转身 nearby mall附近的购物中心lead to 导致，引导a lucky day幸运的一天 an unlucky day不幸的一天 take a shower淋浴
单词 Unexpected出乎意料的event事件already已经oversleep睡过头lift帮助，举起(v)，电梯(n)get买as当sound(v)听起来(n)声音building(n)建筑物belief信念，信仰buring(adj)着火的alive(adj)活着的-dead(adj)死的luck(n)运气till直到earthquake地震New Zealand新西兰opposite相反的,对面的below在...下边-above在....上方empty空的-full满的lose输-win赢workday=weekday工作日（周一到周五）invite(v)-invitation(n)邀请 costume服饰recently 近来 embarrassed=awkward(adj)尴尬的April Fool’s Day愚人节，stupid笨的，cheat欺骗，fool(v)欺骗，愚弄；(n)骗局，恶作剧liar说谎者trick(n)骗局，恶作剧 grow:变得，增长，生产，种植，发展（develop发展）produce(v)-product(n)生产，announce宣布,spaghetti意大利面reporter(n)记者-report(v)报道hoax骗局，恶作剧once曾经，一旦，一次/twice两次/three times三次cancel取消Mars火星spread蔓延alien外星人accident事故 pie派complete完成(v) Most embarrassing最尴尬的 funniest最滑稽的 most creative最有创意的leave离开，留下
语法 过去完成时
口诀：过去的过去 结构：had done 被动：had been done
标志词 Before,when,by the time,by the end of+过去时态
例句 1.Before I got to the bus stop, the bus had already left. 在我到达公共汽车站之前，公共汽车已经开走了。 2.When I got home, I realized I had left my keys in the backpack. 当我到家时，我意识到我把钥匙忘在背包里了。 3.By the time I got back to school, the bell had rung. 当我回到学校时，铃声已经响了。 4.By the time I walked into class, the teacher had started teaching already. 当我走进教室时，老师已经开始上课了。 5.By the time I got up,my brother had already gotten in the shower. 到我起床的时候，我哥哥已经洗澡了。 6.Before I could join the others outside to see what was going on,the first plane had already hit my office building. 我还没来得及和外面的其他人一起去看看发生了什么事，第一架飞机就已经撞上了我的办公楼。 7.By the time I got to the airport, my plane to New Zealand had already taken off. 当我到达机场时，我去新西兰的飞机已经起飞了。 8.By the end of the day, more than 10,000 people had phoned the TV station to find out how to get this water. 到当天结束时，超过1万人打电话给电视台询问如何获得这些水。 9.By the time people realized that the story was a hoax, all of the spaghetti across the country had been sold out. 当人们意识到这个故事是一个骗局时，全国所有的意大利面都已经卖光了。 10.On April Fool’s Day,a reporter in England announced that there would be no more spaghetti because the spaghetti farmers in Italy had stopped growing spaghetti. 愚人节那天，一位英国记者宣布，意大利将不再有意大利面了，因为意大利种植意大利面的农民已经停止生产意大利面了。
Unit13:We’re trying to save the earth!
Unit14:I remember meeting all of you in Grade 7.
词组 (1) 43.try (one’s best)to do sth尽力做某事save the earth拯救地球relate to与...有关environmental protection环境保护noise/air/water/land pollution噪音/空气/水/土地污染should be solved应该被解决throw the rubblish扔垃圾be full of=be filled with充满play a part in发挥作用+doing，used to do sth过去常常做某事/used to be+adj过去常常处于某种状态burn coal烧煤black smoke黑烟turn...into..把..转换成.... 44.get worried担忧的 be able to do sth能去做某事 cut down air pollution减少空气污染cut down the tree砍倒树木instead of代替，而不是，wooden chopsticks木制的筷子 plastic forks塑料叉子takeaway food外卖食物public places公共场所make a difference产生影响lead to导致，引导hear of/about听说hear from收到...来信 shark fin soup鱼翅汤each time每次not only....but also..不但...而且...be harmful to对...有危害 45.no longer不再the food chain食物链take risks冒险fall by减少降低the public公众develop laws制定法律develop illness患病so far迄今为止be good for对...有好处first aid急救be in danger处于危险之中-out of danger摆脱危险environmental project环保项目consider doing sth考虑做某事afford to do sth有能力去做某事any longer不再improve the environment改善环境add up加起来reusable bags可重复使用的包 46.public transportation公共交通save electricity节约用电stop riding in cars停止乘坐汽车paper napkins餐巾纸throw away 扔掉，放弃 not...any more不再think about/consider考虑a creative mind一个创造性的思维build A out of B用B建造A, Pull down摧毁upside down上下翻转be made of/from由...制成(from看不出原材料/of看得出原材料)be good at擅长做某事plan to do sth计划去做某事 47.be known for因...而出名art pieces艺术作品look like 看起来像hope to do sth希望去做某事（wish后边能+sb to do sth，hope不行）set up建立 metal art金属艺术bring back to life起死回生 put to good use好好利用某物front gate前门base on基于common people普通人 governments and organizations政府和组织
单词 Ship船litter/rubbish/waste/trash垃圾pollution污染物cause造成reason原因badly=seriously严重地，seriously还有“严肃的”意思，下降decrease/decline/drop/，削弱undermine/weaken/cut down/，减少fall by，优势advantage/benefit/strength takeaway 外卖的-take sb out for lunch带某人出去吃bin垃圾箱especially尤其cut off切断-cut down砍倒,减少-cut up切碎cruel残忍的crucial=important重要的ecosystem生态系统ocean海洋life生命，生活endanger(v)危及，遭遇危险catch-caught抓，赶上industry工业/行业trade交易over超过，在...期间，结束study研究，organize组织(v)-organization组织(n),public支持者-cheerleaders,aid帮助援助appear出现-dis appear消失even甚至，think/hold/suppose/consider认为,view/opinion观点improve提高，改善agree同意-disagree不同意,save节约，拯救，保存 recycle再利用，回收利用-rethink反思-reuse再使用while正当...时候probably可能recently近来iron铁 material原材料theme主题,create（v）创造-creative（adj）有创造力的-creativity(n)创造性,inspire(v)启发，鼓舞-inspiration(n)灵感 upside=active=positive积极的， correct(v)纠正(adj)正确的suggest(v)建议 ①动词变名词： pollute-pollution,act-actor/actress,protect-protection,inspire-inspiration,build-building, create-creativity ②名词变形容词: fame-famous,wood-wooden,science-scientist,health-healthy,south-southern, care-careful/careless ③形容词变名词： different-difference,important-importance ④形容词变副词： slow-slowly,wide-widely,sudden-suddenly,real-really
语法 am/is/are+doing现在进行时 the +adj表示一类人：the public公众/the old老人/the young年轻人/the rich富人/the poor穷人
词组(2) 48.Remember doing sth记得做过某事remember to do sth记得去做某事look ahead to向前看junior high school初中lose a school bag丢失了一个书包in a row连续地 score two goals得两分a soccer competition一场足球比赛play the keyboard演奏电子乐器 Advise sb to do sth建议某人去做某事advise doing sth建议做某事 be advised to do sth被建议去做某事take a break 休息 the school band学校乐队 49.teaching methods教学方法 study medicine学医 be patient with sb对...有耐心work out算出,解决no matter how无论怎样=however，no matter when=whenever无论什么时候guide sb to do sth引导某人去做某事put in more effort投入更多的精力go shopping去购物on time准时-in time及时 overcome fear克服恐惧each other 互相get better变得更好Prepare for为..做准备make a mess制造混乱be from来自 50.work hard努力工作win the competition赢得比赛,beat sb打败某人，take lessons上课,look forward to doing sth期望做某事,get to/arrive at或in/reach到达，have difficulty/problems/trouble in doing sth在某方面有困难,go by（时间）逝去,at the end of the year在年末的时候in the future在未来，thank you for doing sth因...而感谢,attend the graduation ceremony参加毕业典礼,first of all首先， 51.would like to do sth想要做某事be thirsty for渴望，渴求deal with处理 be proud of=take pride in对...感到骄傲，grow up长大,over the last three years在过去的三年里fail to do sth 未能做某事succeed in doing sth成功做某事be thankful to sb/for sth对...表示感激the beginning of a new life新生活的开端ahead of在...前边 make mistakes犯错误 along with还有,除了...之外还，there will be将要有 52.have the ability to do sth有能力去做某事be responsible for对....负责come from来自set out出发，启程，separate from与...分离be excited to do sth很激动去做某事
单词 Past过去的university/college大学 elementary school/ primary school小学 senior high school高中memory记忆（n）-memorize（v）standard准则lose丢失advise（v）-advice（n）from免于tour guide导游 double翻倍graduate(v)-graduation(n)毕业degree学位,business商业manager经理人-manage(v)管理 get into=enter进入+学校，notice通知congratulate庆祝(v)-congratulation庆祝(n)knowledge知识 journey旅程 Wise=intelligent=clever=smart聪明的wing翅膀event事件shy害羞的
附录1
国际护士节 International Nurses Day
英语日 English Language Day
国庆节 National Day
建党节 CPC Founding Day(the Communist Party of China中国共产党）
建军节 PLA Day(People's Liberation Army中国人民解放军）
元旦 New Year's Day
春节 Spring Festival/Chinese New Year/Lunar New Year
元宵节 the Lantern Festival
妇女节 International Women's Day
劳动节 International Workers' Day / May Day
青年节 Chinese Youth Day
儿童节 International Children's Day
教师节 Teachers' Day
中秋节 Mid-Autumn Festival
重阳节 Double Ninth Festival
端午节 Dragon Boat Festival
父亲节 Father's Day
母亲节 Mother's Day
一月 January 四月 April 七月 July 十月 October
二月 February 五月 May 八月 August 十一月 November
三月 March 六月 June 九月 September 十二月 December
周一 Monday 周四 Thursday 周日 Sunday
周二 Tuesday 周五 Friday
周三 Wednesday 周六 Saturday
数学 maths 物理 physics 历史 history 美术 art
语文 Chinese 化学 chemistry 生物 biology 音乐 music
英语 English 政治 politics 地理 geography 体育 PE
附录2
附录3
口诀：一二四九要常记， 不考常态考变态。 序数词前要加 the, 她的生日要注意。 二百三千不乐意， 成百上千要多余。
大惊小怪是 AT, 时间地点通通去。 in,on 区分要注意， 星月季要用 in， 生日一天 only you。
附录4
序号 动词 中文 过去式 过去分词 类型
1 cost 值 cost cost AAA
2 cut 切 cut cut
3 hit 打 hit hit
4 hurt 伤害 hurt hurt
5 let 让 let let
6 put 放 put put
7 read 读 read read
8 set 设置 set set
9 spread 展开，散布，蔓延 spread spread
10 beat 打败 beat beaten AAC
11 become 成为 became become ABA
12 come 来 came come
13 run 跑 ran run
14 bring 带来 brought brought ABB
15 build 建造 built built
16 burn 烧 burnt/burned burnt/burned
17 buy 买 bought bought
18 catch 抓，赶上 caught caught
19 dig 挖 dug dug
20 dream 做梦，梦想 dreamt/dreamed dreamt/dreamed
21 feed 喂 fed fed
22 feel 感觉起来，摸 felt felt
23 fight 打架，战斗 fought fought
24 find 发现 found found
25 hang 闲逛 hung hung
26 have/has 有 had had
27 hear 听 heard heard
28 hold 握住，举行，容纳 held held
29 keep 保持 kept kept
30 lay 放置，下蛋 laid laid
31 lead 引导，导致 led led
32 learn 学 learnt/learned learnt/learned
33 leave 离开 left left
34 lend 借出 lent lent
35 lose 失去，丢失，输掉 lost lost
36 make 制作，让 made made
37 mean 意味着，意思是 meant meant
38 meet 见面 met met
39 pay 支付 paid paid
40 say 说 said said
41 sell 卖 sold sold
42 send 传送，发送 sent sent
43 shine 发光，照射 shone shone
44 shut 关闭 shut shut
45 sit 坐 sat sat
46 sleep 睡觉 slept slept
47 smell 闻起来 smelt/smelled smelt/smelled
48 speed 快速行进，
获得成功，速度 sped/speeded sped/speeded
49 spell 拼写 spelt/spelled spelt/spelled
50 spend 花费 spent spent
51 stand 站 stood stood
52 teach 教 taught taught
53 tell 告诉 told told
54 think 认为，想 thought thought
55 understand 理解，明白 understood understood
56 win 赢 won won
57 be(am/is/are) 是 Was/were been ABC
58 bear 熊，出生，忍受 bore born
59 begin 开始 began begun
60 blow 吹 blew blown
61 break 打碎 broke broken
62 choose 选择 chose chosen
63 do(does) 做 did done
64 draw 画 drew drawn
65 drink 喝 drank drunk
66 drive 驾驶 drove driven
67 eat 吃 ate eaten
68 fall 掉，秋天，
瀑布，下降 fell fallen
69 fly 飞 flew flown
70 forget 忘记 forgot forgotten
71 get 得到 got got/gotten
72 give 给 gave given
73 go 去 went gone
74 grow 生长，种植，增长 grew grown
75 hide 隐藏 hid hidden
76 know 知道 knew known
77 lie 说谎 lay lain
78 light 灯，光，轻的 lit/lighted lit/lighted
79 mistake 错误 mistook mistaken
80 ride 骑 rode ridden
81 ring 戒指，响起 rang rung
82 rise 上升 rose risen
83 see 看 saw seen
84 shake 摇晃 shook shaken
85 show 展示，秀 showed shown
86 sing 唱 sang sung
87 speak 说 spoke spoken
88 steal 偷 stole stolen
89 stick 刺，粘 stuck stuck
90 swim 游泳 swam swum
91 take 带走，花费 took taken
92 throw 扔 threw thrown
93 wake 醒来 woke woken
94 wear 穿 wore worn
95 write 写 wrote written
附录5 名词变复数
规则变化口诀：一只普通的乌鸦为了当英雄在落叶旁聚宝who,why,where,what,adj
普通类：一般情况加s：
Books/caps/stars/trees/dogs
乌鸦类：以s,x,ch,sh结尾+es：乌鸦吃了六个石子
Glasses/buses/boxes/watches/brushes
特殊：stomachs,mouths,months,baths
当ch结尾读/k/时，+s
落叶类：以f,fe结尾，把f/fe变为v+es（注意特殊单词）：
Self-selves,thief-thieves,knife-knives,shelf-shelves,leaf-leaves,life-lives,wife-wives,loaf-loaves,wolf-wolves
特殊：roofs,beliefs,proofs; handkerchief(加s或者变f为ves)
聚宝类：以辅音字母+y结尾的名词，变y为i加es：聚会宝宝
Babies,stories,countries,parties
举一反三：以元音字母+y结尾的名词如何变化呢？直接+s
Boys,days
英雄类：以辅音字母加o结尾的+es(注意特殊单词）：
英雄爱吃西红柿土豆和芒果
Heroes,tomatoes,potatoes,mangoes
特殊：radios,pianos,zoos,photos
不规则变化：
元音字母发生改变：警察男女宇航员吃鹅掌
a→e:man-men,woman-women,policeman-policemen
,spaceman-spacemen
特殊：German-Germans,human-humans
oo→ee
Foot-feet,tooth-teeth,goose-geese
单复数同形:吃喝不愁咩咩羊
Sheep-sheep,deer-deer,fish-fish
Fish：①鱼肉不可数名词②鱼的条数，可数名词，单复数同形two fish③鱼的种类有复数，fishes
有些名词以复数的形式出现：裤袜鞋镜整整齐齐
trousers,socks,gloves,glasses,shoes,pants(a pair of,two pairs of)
某国人：日本学中国，美德加斯加，英法联军变男女
单复数同形 a Chinese-two Chinese;a Japanese-two Japanese
词尾+s a German-two Germans;an American-two Americans
变man→men(复合名词）an Englishman-two Englishmen;a Frenchman-two Frenchmen
其他形式：小孩放牛怕老鼠
A child→two children;a mouse-two mice,an ox-two oxen
附录6 阅读技巧
文章感彩 praise表扬/proud骄傲的/excited激动的/worthwhile值得做的/cheer up高兴/honest诚实的/upstanding正直的/satisfied满意的/enjoyable/pleased愉快的/helpful有帮助的=beneficial,/positive积极的/wonderful极好的 jealous嫉妒的bad/terrible糟糕的/ugly丑陋的/afraid害怕的/boring无聊的/useless无用的/careless粗心的/negative消极的/mad生气的/nervous/worried /uneasy担忧的
文章划分结构 背景/现象-问题-原因-专家观点/大众的观点/某人的观点-作者观点（支持/反对）-观点的论据-举例（for example/such as）/影响（好处/坏处） 文章目的类题目：有解决方案选解决方案-没有解决方案选择问题（不选影响，举例，原因，背景，其他人的观点，一定要选出作者的观点）对选项定性 文章标题类题目：第一段，最后一段，各段第一句，确定文章中心，高频词是中心词，选不出来就倒推选项，一旦选择某个选项，需要花大量的篇幅写这个选项的内容，否则就是错误的选项。不带中心词的选项一定不选。 1min快速阅读确定文章中心，2min快速浏览每道题问什么，标注出来带w的特殊疑问词和主语，确定每道题在大概第几段标注“para1/2/3,细节题方便一会儿找”，一般这时候，有2-3道题不仔细阅读文章就直接能做出来，可以直接选，尤其是选title的，作者目的的,基本都能选出来。看完选项后，根据每道题的定位，基本一道题一段，定位文章的关键句。注意“张冠李戴”，“范围扩大/缩小”等问题。
阅读关键词 opinion观点=view，even though/if即使,but，however但是,purpose目的intend打算,also也,in other words换句话说，like像not...but...不是...而是....both...and....两者都，either...or...或者....或者....，neither...nor....既不....也不....on the one hand,.....;on the other hand,.....一方面....,另一方面......except除了.....including包括without没有in order to/that为了because 因为Finally最终，at first起初at last最终，although/though虽然unless除非=if not如果不 once一旦，注意比较级 ①解决方案/建议：should=be supposed to do sth应该/had better最好/had better not最好不要/have to不得不/must必须/need需要/require要求/appeal呼吁/call on呼吁祈使句，Why not/How about句式 ②递进：especially尤其even甚至/not only..but also...不但...而且.../what’s more更重要的是/besides此外/in addition另外；☆递进后的东西更重要 ③总结/结果：so因此/所以,therefore,因此,in a word,总而言之all in all,总而言之 ④转折：instead相反,on the contrary相反,while然而,yet然而，但是However/but但是, ⑤否定：Without没有,neither也不,none没有人/物，less/fewer更少
阅读必背 同意：agree-agreement,be for,approve/support不同意：disagree-disagreement,be against,disapprove/fight/object/protest优点/长处：strength=benefit=advantage/be good at=do well in/better than缺点/短处：weakness/shortcoming/disadvantage/be weak in/not...as/so...as...不如.../worse than比...更糟糕