专题三：阅 读 理 解 第二讲 推 理 判 断 题-2025年高考英语《衡水中学状元笔记》PDF版

专题三
阅读理解
平衡水中学状元笔记
第二讲
推理判断题
目/核心素养展示
课程内容要求
课程标准解读
1,理解多模态语篇传递的要义、主要信息和意图。
学生具备理解书面语篇的
能力，其中包括对语篇内
2.理解语篇中显性或隐性的逻辑关系：把握语篇中主要事件的来龙去脉」
容、语篇结构的理解和把
3.根据上下文推断要义
握，也包括对语篇内容的
4,考查学生语言的综合素质和综合能力，具有较强的英语语感，在英语理解
分析、阐释和评价。
和表达中有效发挥英语语感的作用。
核心素养养成
》】
@整体认知
命题规律
推理判断题是历年高考英语的命题集中点，包括判断和推理两个方面，属于深层理解题，一般
难度较高，得分率较低。推理判断题一般可以归纳为：细节推断、观点态度、写作目的、文章出处
下文内容等。
[名师点拨]
推理判断题明显增多，更注重考查考生的高阶思维能力，选项干扰性较强，题目设置很有区
分度。
推理判断题要求考生透过文章表面文字信息推测文章隐含意思，同时对作者的态度意图及
文章细节的发展做出正确的推理判断。考生一定要从整体上把握语篇内容，透过字里行间，去体
会作者的“弦外之音”。
命题趋势
推理判断题是阅读理解题中难度较大的一类，有很强的选拔性。
般每套试题有4一7个小题，往往和事实细节相连。考查学生的综合理解信息和运用逻辑
推理进行正确判断的能力，因此题量会平稳增加。
②必备知识
题型考法解析
考法1细节推理判断题
(1)主要特点
细节推理判断题是最常见的一种推理判断题，该题型要求考生根据短文内容推断具体细节，如
时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件等。其题干中通常含有infer,suggest,imply,conclude,
intend等标志性词语。另外题干中常含有表示推测的情态动词，如can,could,might等和其他
表示可能性的副词，如probably,likely等。
95
斋来中草扶元笔记当
第二讲推理判断题
高中·英语
(2)考法分析
解答这类试题，一定要根据文章提供的事实和线索去推断，而不是主观臆断，即推测有理，判断
有据。因此，首先要在文中找到依据，然后理解其字面意思，再据此进行逻辑推理，做出判断，最
后比较各选项，确定正确选项。即“一找二理，三推四比”。
注意排除无中生有（文中无据）、简单事实（无需推理）、推理过度、黑白颠倒（与文中所述事实相
反)、张冠李戴（借用文中某个词迷惑考生）等选项。
典型例题
Scientists have an unlikely new helper while exploring the Earth's crust (deep
beneath the ocean:Fin whales.New research,published Thursday in Science,finds these Fin
whale calls'sound waves can help create images of the seafloor down to 2.5 kilometers.
Seafloor imaging,which is important for studying things like earthquake mechanics and
carbon storage capacity,typically uses large air guns that send waves of sound downwards.The
sound waves go through the crust and bounce back to instruments on the seafloor,carrying
information about the structures they travel through.But such surveys are expensive,and the
guns'explosive noise may interrupt sea creatures that use sound to communicate.
Vaclav Kuna,the study co-author,was studying earthquakes when he noticed strange
readings on the seafloor seismic(instruments,which turned out to match the frequencies
of fin whale calls.Whale songs often appear in such instruments'records,says Emily Roland,a
marine seismologist at the University of Washington.Seismologists usually see these signals as
annoyance.Kuna,however,noticed that the signals were not coming directly from the whales,
but were echoes()bouncing back from within the crust.
This technique does have limitations,Kuna says.Fin whale songs are limited in frequency,
meaning the subsurface images are not as clear as those made with air guns.Additionally,a
relatively flat seafloor is needed to triangulate(作三角测量)the whales'positions while multiple
stations would be needed in uneven or mountainous regions,he adds.
What can we infer about fin whale calls
[名师点拨]
A.They can help scientists to locate their
由infer可知本题为推理判断题。
habitats.
l.找（找依据）由题干中的fin whale calls可
B.They are easy to record and measure in
定位到第一较。
the ocean.
2.理（理解字面意思）these Fin whale calls'
sound waves can help create images of the seafloor
C.They are likely to be used for seafloor
3.推（推理或判断）new helper while
imaging.
exploring the Earth's crust
D.They have different frequencies among
4.地（比较各个选项）are likely to be used知
seafloor imaging确定正确选项为C。
fin whales.
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