期中复习之说明文15篇
(各地市期中真题)
基础语篇巩固练
（24-25高二下·江苏无锡·期中）China is one of the first countries to breed a medical culture. In comparison with Western methods, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) adopts a vastly different approach. For thousands of years, Chinese people have accumulated rich experience in fighting all sorts of diseases, therefore forming a unique medical theory under the guidance of ancient Chinese philosophies.
The core behind TCM is that the human body’s life is the consequence of the balance between Yin and Yang. Yang functions to safeguard us against outer harm, and Yin is the inner base to store and provide energy. When the balance between the two aspects is disturbed; people fall ill.
One of the traditional techniques of TCM, acupuncture (针刺疗法) means insertion of needles into superficial structures of the body — usually at acupoints (穴位) — to restore the Yin-Yang balance. It is often accompanied by moxibustion (艾灸疗法), which involves burning mugwort on or near the skin at an acupoint.
The first known text that clearly talks about something like acupuncture and moxibustion as it is practiced today is The Yellow Emperor’s Inner Canon. It is the earliest and most important written work of TCM and is considered the fundamental and most representative medical text in China.
Acupuncture and moxibustion have aroused the interest of international medical science circles. And TCM is gradually gaining worldwide recognition. The WHO issued a document in2002 that appealed to more than 180 countries to adopt TCM as an alternative in their medical policies. In 2010, acupuncture and moxibustion of traditional Chinese medicine were added to the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity by the UNESCO. Presently, TCM: has been back in the news for its effectiveness in improving the cure rate of Category B infectious disease.
1．What does the underlined “it” in Paragraph 3 refer to
A．TCM. B．Yin-Yang balance. C．Acupuncture. D．Moxibustion.
2．What can we learn about The Yellow Emperor’s Inner Canon from the text
A．It distinguishes acupuncture from moxibustion. B．It’s a foundation of world medical research.
C．It stresses the importance of using acupoints. D．It greatly boosts the development of TCM.
3．What’s the purpose of this text
A．To review the development of TCM. B．To introduce TCM to the world.
C．To tell TCM and Western medicine apart. D．To argue for TCM in fighting disease.
4．What might be talked about in the paragraph following the text
A．How TCM helps in the current situation. B．Why TCM is gaining popularity.
C．Why TCM gets recognition from WHO. D．How other countries adopt TCM.
【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了中国传统医学的特点，包括其核心理念、技术、重要文献以及国际认可。
1．词句猜测题。根据第三段“One of the traditional techniques of TCM, acupuncture means insertion of needles into superficial structures of the body — usually at acupoints — to restore the Yin-Yang balance. It is often accompanied by moxibustion.(作为中国传统医学的一种传统技术，针灸是指将针插入身体的表层结构——通常在穴位上——以恢复阴阳平衡。它经常伴随着艾灸疗法。)”可知，it指代上文提到的acupuncture，即“针刺疗法”。故选C。
2．细节理解题。根据第四段“The first known text that clearly talks about something like acupuncture and moxibustion as it is practiced today is The Yellow Emperor’s Inner Canon. It is the earliest and most important written work of TCM and is considered the fundamental and most representative medical text in China.(第一部明确谈到如今所实行的针灸和艾灸的文献是《黄帝内经》。它是中国传统医学最早、最重要的著作，被认为是中国最基本、最具代表性的医学著作。)”可知，《黄帝内经》被认为是中国传统医学的基本著作，即极大地促进了中国传统医学的发展。故选D。
3．推理判断题。通读全文，结合第一段提到“China is one of the first countries to breed a medical culture. In comparison with Western methods, traditional Chinese medicine adopts a vastly different approach.(中国是最早孕育医学文化的国家之一。与西医方法相比，中国传统医学采用了截然不同的方法。)”可知，本文主要介绍了中国传统医学的特点，包括其核心理念、技术、重要文献以及国际认可等，旨在向世界介绍中国传统医学。故选B。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Presently, TCM has been back in the news for its effectiveness in improving the cure rate of the COVID-19.(目前，中国传统医学因其提高新冠肺炎治愈率的有效性而再次成为新闻焦点。)”可推知，接下来可能会讲述中国传统医学在当前形势下如何发挥作用。故选A。
（23-24高二下·江苏无锡·期中）I grew up in a 15-minute city. Or really, to be more precise, I grew up in a 15-minute neighborhood in a city that was packed with them. The New York essayist A．J. Liebling dismissed. Chicago in the 1950s as an endless and boring stretch of “factory, town main streets”. He didn’t realize it, but he was paying the city a compliment (赞美). Every one of those streets was the capital of a small world in which a few thousand residents could meet all of their regular needs - physical, social and spiritual - within the space of 15 minutes.
I can’t help finding it ironic (讽刺的) that in the 21st century some of the best minds in urban planning are trying to design the car t of communities that used to exist without anybody inside having to give them the slightest thought. But they are working hard at the task, and they are winning supporters.
The 15-minute-city movement was born, or I should say reborn, in Paris, where Mayor Anne Hidalgo built her successful 2020 reelection campaign on the 15-minute goal, and she has done quite a bit to foster (促进) it. Hidalgo is creating 900 miles of bike lanes in the city. She has banned car traffic from some of the pathways along the river Seine. She is changing schoolyards throughout the city into round-the-clock public playgrounds.
What exactly makes a 15-minute city, anyway And is it a new idea or just a slogan I’m in favor of this goal. But it may not be so simple. Most people that I know are pretty unwilling to walk a full mile to handle an errand (差事). That’s why some critics have said that if we are talking exclusively (专门地) about walking, the idea of a 5-or 10-minute city might be more realistic. It will also be much more difficult to achieve, to say the least.
In fact, we have 15-minute cities right now - we can get in our cars and reach most of our desired destinations with a 15-minute drive. Of course, that’s precisely what we need to stop doing, for a variety of environmental and social reasons.
1．What was Chicago like in the T910s
A．It had too large a population.
B．It was famous for a neighborhood in it.
C．It was the academic center of many essayists.
D．It was full of well-functioned small communities.
2．What are urban planners devoted to doing now according to the author
A．Repurposing abandoned communities.
B．Designing communities similar to those in the past.
C．Collecting community designs from the public.
D．Publicizing their ideas of community expansion.
3．What does the author think of a 15-minute city
A．It will be hard to achieve. B．It is innovative and practical.
C．It will be popular with Americans. D．It is based on a 5-or 10-minute city.
4．According to the author, which one is an important feature of a 15-minute city in the21st century
A．Residents are encouraged to drive their own cars.
B．Residents have a closer relationship with each other.
C．It promotes a fast-paced lifestyle.
D．It is friendly to the environment.
【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．D
【导语】本文是说明文。文章首先介绍了15分钟社区的概念，并指出21世纪城市规划者正在试图设计这样的社区。接着以巴黎为例，说明了15分钟城市运动的兴起。最后，文章探讨了15分钟城市的定义、可行性及现实状况，并提出了作者的思考。
1．推理判断题。根据第一段“Chicago in the 1910s as an endless and boring stretch of “factory, town main streets”. He didn’t realize it, but he was paying the city a compliment (赞美). Every one of those streets was the capital of a small world in which a few thousand residents could meet all of their regular needs - physical, social and spiritual - within the space of 11 minutes. (20世纪10年代的芝加哥是一条无尽而无聊的“工厂、城镇主要街道”。他没有意识到这一点，但他是在赞美这座城市。每条街道都是一个小世界的首都，在这个小世界里，几千名居民可以在11分钟内满足他们所有的日常需求——身体上的、社会上的和精神上的。)”可知，10年代的芝加哥那里到处都是运转良好的小社区。故选D项。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段“I can’t help finding it ironic (讽刺的) that in the 21st century some of the best minds in urban planning are trying to design the car t of communities that used to exist without anybody inside having to give them the slightest thought. But they are working hard at the task, and they are winning supporters. (我忍不住觉得讽刺的是，在21世纪，一些城市规划领域的顶尖人才正在试图设计那些曾经自然存在、无需任何人费心思考的社区。但他们正在努力做这项工作，并且正在赢得支持者。)”可知，城市规划者现在致力于设计类似于过去的社区。故选B项。
3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“But it may not be so simple. Most people that I know are pretty unwilling to walk a full mile to handle an errand (差事). That’s why some critics have said that if we are talking exclusively (专门地) about walking, the idea of a 5-or 10-minute city might be more realistic. It will also be much more difficult to achieve, to say the least. (但它可能没那么简单。我认识的大多数人都不太愿意走整整一英里路去办件事。这就是为什么一些评论家说，如果我们只谈步行，那么5分钟或10分钟城市的想法可能更现实。而至少可以说，要实现这一目标也将困难得多。)”可知，作者认为一个15分钟的城市很难实现。故选A项。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“In fact, we have 15-minute cities right now - we can get in our cars and reach most of our desired destinations with a 15-minute drive. Of course, that’s precisely what we need to stop doing, for a variety of environmental and social reasons. (事实上，我们现在就已经有了15分钟城市——我们可以开车在15分钟内到达大多数我们想去的地方。当然，出于各种环境和社会原因，这正是我们需要停止做的。)”可知，21世纪的15分钟城市需要减少汽车使用，进而对环境友好。故选D项。
（23-24高二下·江苏无锡·期中）On the corner of the busiest crossroad in Omaha, Neb., there’s a square building, wrapped on two sides with a flashing LED signboard promoting the high-tech equipment and classes inside.
“I thought it was a 3-D printer sales place,” says Frank Fu, a high school student. Earlier this year, Fu chanced upon Do Space, a technology library providing free access to powerful PCs loaded with software used by businesses and artists. There are 3-D printers and laser cutters (激光切割机). “It was exactly what I was looking for, and I never knew there was a place anywhere like it, and it turns out there’s not,” Fu says.
There are no books in this library. Instead, it’s jammed with high-end technology that it provides free to the public. Taxpayers didn’t fund this library. Instead, Heritage Services, a group of Omaha contributors, donated $7 million to transform the building — which had been a Borders bookstore — and pay for computers, 3-D printers and the Internet bandwidth. Sue Morris speaks for the donors, “With 1 Gb minimum, to go up to 10 Gb, to have that in a public building that’s free,” she says. “That’s really amazing; that is unheard of anywhere. That computing power also makes it an attractive spot for startup founders. We know people run businesses out of this building, and we’re OK with that,” Morris says.
Hans Bekale is among them. “This is probably the biggest dream of any developer to have a place like this,” he says. “Because this is our modern-day office.” Bekale manages his small multimedia business from Do Space. He says the technology attracted him, as well as the informal community of creative people who hang out there. “I used to be locked into my office, just sort of by myself, right Not hearing fresh ideas,” he says. “Some of the most innovative things that I’ve thought of just happened through conversation.”
Across the country, other libraries are expanding their tech options. Susan Benton of the Urban Libraries Council says the Omaha experiment takes the concept to a new level.
1．How might Fu feel upon stepping into Do Space
A．Relieved. B．Excited. C．Doubtful. D．Nervous.
2．What do we know about Morris
A．She is a startup founder. B．She knows computers well.
C．She provided funds for Do Space. D．She was the owner of a Borders bookstore.
3．How does Do Space benefit Bekale
A．He is often inspired there. B．He learns basic technology there.
C．He is able to meet more clients there. D．He can spend time with himself. 。
4．What is the best title for the text
A．The future of libraries lies in their tech options
B．A library with no books brings technology to all
C．Do Space offers free science classes to students
D．Sharing scientific resources transforms a community
【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了美国内布拉斯加州奥马哈市的一个没有图书的科技图书馆——Do Space，它向公众免费提供高端技术，由当地捐赠者资助，吸引了创业者、多媒体企业管理者等人群。
1．推理判断题。根据第二段中“‘It was exactly what I was looking for, and I never knew there was a place anywhere like it, and it turns out there’s not,’ Fu says. (‘正是我所寻找的，我从来不知道有这样的地方，事实证明没有’傅说)”可知，傅说他从来没见过这样的地方，这正是他所寻找的，由此可推知，傅走进Do Space时可能会感到兴奋。故选B项。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Sue Morris speaks for the donors, “With 1 Gb minimum, to go up to 2 Gb, to have that in a public building that’s free,” she says. (苏·莫里斯（Sue Morris）代表捐赠者说：‘从最低1 Gb增加到2 Gb，在公共建筑中免费使用，’她说。)”可知，Morris是捐赠者代表，也就是她为Do Space提供了资金。故选C项。
3．推理判断题。根据第四段中Bekale的话“‘I used to be locked into my office, just sort of by myself, right Not hearing fresh ideas,’ he says. ‘Some of the most innovative things that I’ve thought of just happened through conversation.’ (他说：‘我以前总是把自己关在办公室里，就我自己，对吧？听不到新想法。我想到的一些最具创新性的东西，就是通过交谈产生的。’)”可知，Bekale在Do Space通过交谈产生一些最具创新性的东西。由此可推知，Bekale在Do Space能够受到启发，获得灵感。故选A项。
4．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段中“On the corner of the busiest crossroad in Omaha, Neb., there’s a square building, wrapped on two sides with a flashing LED signboard promoting the high-tech equipment and classes inside. (在内布拉斯加州奥马哈市最繁忙的十字路口的拐角处，有一座方形的建筑，两面都裹着一块闪烁的LED招牌，宣传里面的高科技设备和课程)”和第三段中“There are no books in this library. Instead, it’s jammed with high-end technology that it provides free to the public. (这个图书馆里没有书。相反，它挤满了免费提供给公众的高端技术)”可知，本文主要介绍了美国内布拉斯加州奥马哈市的一个没有图书的科技图书馆——Do Space，它向公众免费提供高端技术。由此可知，B项“A library with no books brings technology to all(一个没有书的图书馆把技术带给所有人)”最适合作为文章标题。故选B项。
（22-23高二下·四川眉山·期中）In my work as a therapist (心理治疗师), it’s common for me to ask the brave individuals I work with to try something that may feel unfamiliar, challenging or awkward. It’s also important to me to support people’s independence and boundaries. In the spirit of this, I welcome their refusal to try something as much as I appreciate their agreement to have a go at it. In other words, I welcome “no” just as much as I welcome “yes” .
That’s something worth repeating, because, let’s be honest here, it can be hard to set a boundary — really hard. I’ll bet it wouldn’t take much time to search through your memory bank to know exactly what I mean. Perhaps it is that favor a friend asked of you, the one you didn’t want to do but you just couldn’t quite bring yourself to say “no” to. Or maybe it is that time when a boss or coworker asked to schedule a work meeting the next day and you said “sure thing” even though you privately wished they hadn’t asked. In all likelihood, you could come up with several occasions.
A team of researchers explored an element behind why we find it difficult to say that healthy, important, two-letter word. Across a series of experiments, they found one reason is that we exaggerate the negative effects that will arise. For example, we might fear that the person who is asking us for something would feel upset, would judge us, would complain about us to others, or would not support us when we need it. Or, we might be afraid that the relationship would suffer. But, in fact, things aren’t that bad.
Why do we make this incorrect calculation The investigators referred to previous research indicating that when we’re trying to avoid an unwanted situation (e.g., a friend’s judgment on us after we say “no”), we tend to increase the possibility of its occurring. The upside is that this could help us avoid that situation. The research team also pointed out that there are downsides of inflating the possibility of other people’s problematic reactions to our boundaries, like saying “yes” more than we need to or want to, which could also work against the relationships we’re trying to protect.
If we can remind ourselves that the consequences of setting a boundary likely won’t be as bad as we imagine, we might feel more able to try saying “no” at times, which could feel unfamiliar, challenging, or awkward, but ultimately better.
1．Why does the author welcome others’ refusal
A．She supports the boundaries between people.
B．She has much knowledge of psychology.
C．She has a lot of social experience.
D．She is a brave and sensitive person.
2．What does the author focus on in Paragraph 2
A．Making a summary. B．Explaining a theory.
C．Providing examples. D．Drawing comparisons.
3．What does the underlined word “exaggerate” in Paragraph 3 mean
A．Ignore. B．Overstate. C．Avoid. D．Lower.
4．How can the incorrect calculation influence relationships
A．It is double-edged for relationships.
B．It is helpful to begin a relationship.
C．It puts people in a weak position in relationships.
D．It stops people from saying “yes” in relationships.
【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是人们在设置个人界限（即说“不”）时面临的困难，以及这种困难背后的原因和如何克服它。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段“It’s also important to me to support people’s independence and boundaries. In the spirit of this, I welcome their refusal to try something as much as I appreciate their agreement to have a go at it.(对我来说，支持人们的独立和界限也很重要。本着这种精神，我既欢迎他们拒绝尝试，也赞赏他们同意尝试)”可知，作者欢迎别人的拒绝是因为她支持人与人之间的界限。故选A。
2．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Perhaps it is that favor a friend asked of you, the one you didn’t want to do but you just couldn’t quite bring yourself to say “no” to. Or maybe it is that time when a boss or coworker asked to schedule a work meeting the next day and you said “sure thing” even though you privately wished they hadn’t asked. In all likelihood, you could come up with several occasions.(也许是朋友让你帮个忙，一件你不想做但又无法让自己说“不”的事。或者可能是当老板或同事要求安排第二天的工作会议时，你说“当然”，尽管你私下里希望他们没有问。十有八九，你可以想出几个例子)”可知，第二段作者提供了一些例子来说明设定界限的困难，因此作者在第二段的重点是举例子。故选C。
3．词句猜测题。根据第三段“For example, we might fear that the person who is asking us for something would feel upset, would judge us, would complain about us to others, or would not support us when we need it. Or, we might be afraid that the relationship would suffer. But, in fact, things aren’t that bad.(例如，我们可能会担心向我们要东西的人会感到不安，会评判我们，会向别人抱怨我们，或者在我们需要的时候不支持我们。或者，我们可能会担心这段关系会受到影响。但事实上，事情并没有那么糟糕)”可知，我们夸大了即将出现的负面影响，划线词exaggerate的意思是“夸大”，和overstate意思相近。故选B。
4．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The upside is that this could help us avoid that situation. The research team also pointed out that there are downsides of inflating the possibility of other people’s problematic reactions to our boundaries, like saying “yes” more than we need to or want to, which could also work against the relationships we’re trying to protect.(好处是，这可以帮助我们避免这种情况。研究小组还指出，夸大他人对我们的界限产生问题反应的可能性也有负面影响，比如说“是”的次数超过了我们需要或想要的次数，这也可能不利于我们试图保护的关系)”可知，不正确的计算对人际关系来说是一把双刃剑。故选A。
（21-22高二下·北京·期中）The Secret of Success
The recipe for succeeding in any given field is hardly a mystery: good ideas, hard work, discipline, imagination, perseverance and maybe a little luck. Oh, and let’s not forget failure, which Dashun Wang and his colleagues at Northwestern University call “the essential prerequisite (先决条件) for success” in a new paper.
But not every failure leads to success, he adds. And what eventually separates the winners from the losers, the research shows, certainly is not persistence. One of the more interesting findings in the paper, published last October in Nature, is that the people who eventually succeeded and the people who eventually failed tried basically the same number of times to achieve their goals.
It turns out that trying again and again only works if you learn from your previous failures. The idea is to work smart, not hard. You have to figure out what worked and what didn’t, and then focus on what needs to be improved instead of struggling around and changing everything,” says Wang. “The people who failed didn’t necessarily work less than those who succeeded. They could actually have worked more: it’s just that they made more unnecessary changes.”
As they explored “the mechanisms governing the dynamics of failure”, Wang’s team identified what they describe as previously unknown statistical signatures that separate successful groups from unsuccessful groups, making it possible to predict their final outcomes.
One such key indicator is the time between consecutive (连续的) failed attempts, which should decrease steadily. In other words, the faster you fail, the better your chances of success, and the more time between attempts, the more likely you are to fail again. “If someone has applied for a grant and they are three failures in,” Wang says, “if we just look at the timing between the failures, we will be able to predict whether they will eventually succeed or not.”
Working with such large-scale data, Wang and his colleagues were able to identify a critical point that was common to each of the hundreds of thousands of undertakings they had analyzed, a fork in the road where one path leads to a development region and one leads to a stagnation region.
Wang points out that the existence of the tipping point cuts against the traditional explanations for failure or success, such as luck or a person’s work habits. “What we’ re showing here is that even in the absence of such differences, you can still have very different outcomes.” he says. What matters is how people fail, how they respond to failure and where those failures lead.
1．It can be learned from Paragraph 2 that________.
A．winners are more persistent than losers
B．failure is not important for success at all
C．more trying doesn’t necessarily result in success
D．winners and losers differ in how many times they tried
2．Wang and his colleagues believe that________.
A．no one can obtain success without failure
B．failure can sometimes help predict success
C．the performance pattern is difficult to identify
D．the critical point had been discovered by chance
3．The underlined phrase “a stagnation region” in Paragraph 6 refers to a region________.
A．without progress B．beyond recognition
C．unknown to outsiders D．in its elementary stage
4．What is the conclusion of Wang’s research
A．Winners try less than losers. but gain more.
B．Perseverance is the utmost secret to success.
C．Working smart could turn failures into future successes.
D．Luck and work habits hardly make any difference to the result.
【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章分析了成功的秘密。
1．推理判断题。根据第二段“But not every failure leads to success, he adds. And what eventually separates the winners from the losers, the research shows, certainly is not persistence. One of the more interesting findings in the paper, published last October in Nature, is that the people who eventually succeeded and the people who eventually failed tried basically the same number of times to achieve their goals. (但他补充说，并不是每一次失败都会导致成功。研究显示，最终区分赢家和输家的，当然不是坚持不懈。去年10月发表在《自然》杂志上的一篇论文中有一个更有趣的发现，那就是最终成功的人和最终失败的人为实现目标所尝试的次数基本相同。)”可知，更多的尝试不一定会带来成功。故选C。
2．推理判断题。根据第五段中“In other words, the faster you fail, the better your chances of success, and the more time between attempts, the more likely you are to fail again. “If someone has applied for a grant and they are three failures in,” Wang says, “if we just look at the timing between the failures, we will be able to predict whether they will eventually succeed or not.” (换句话说，失败的速度越快，成功的机会就越大，两次尝试之间的间隔时间越长，再次失败的可能性就越大。“如果有人申请了一项资助，但他们失败了三次，”王说，“如果我们只看两次失败之间的时间间隔，我们就能预测他们最终是否会成功。”)”可知，从两次失败的时间间隔可以帮助预测最终是否能成功，即失败有时可以帮助预测成功。故选B。
3．词句猜测题。根据倒数第二段“Working with such large-scale data, Wang and his colleagues were able to identify a critical point that was common to each of the hundreds of thousands of undertakings they had analyzed, a fork in the road where one path leads to a development region and one leads to a stagnation region. (利用如此大规模的数据，王和他的同事们能够在他们分析的数十万个企业中找到一个共同的临界点，这是一个岔路口，一条路通向发展区域，一条路通向a stagnation region。)”可知，这个临界点导致两个不同的结果，即一个是“development region (发展区域)”，那么与之相对的可以推断出是“停滞区域，非发展区”。a stagnation region的含义为“停滞区域，非发展区”。A. without progress没有进展；B. beyond recognition认不出来；C. unknown to outsiders外人不知道；D. in its elementary stage处于初级阶段。故选A。
4．推理判断题。根据第二段“It turns out that trying again and again only works if you learn from your previous failures. The idea is to work smart, not hard. “You have to figure out what worked and what didn’t, and then focus on what needs to be improved instead of struggling around and changing everything,” says Wang. “The people who failed didn’t necessarily work less than those who succeeded. They could actually have worked more: it’s just that they made more unnecessary changes.”（事实证明，只有从以前的失败中吸取教训，一次又一次的尝试才会成功。关键是要聪明地工作，而不是努力工作。“你必须弄清楚什么有效，什么无效，然后专注于需要改进的地方，而不是挣扎着改变一切，”王说。“失败者并不一定比成功者工作得少。他们其实可以做得更多:只是他们做了更多不必要的改变。”）”以及最后一段中““What we’ re showing here is that even in the absence of such differences, you can still have very different outcomes.” he says. What matters is how people fail, how they respond to failure and where those failures lead. (他说：“我们在这里展示的是，即使没有这些差异，你仍然可以得到非常不同的结果。”重要的是人们如何失败，他们如何应对失败，以及这些失败会导致什么。)”可知，王的研究结果表明并不是每一次失败都会导致成功，真正导致成功的是弄清楚人们如何失败，他们如何应对失败，以及这些失败会导致什么，然后进行改变，即聪明地工作可以把失败变成未来的成功。故选C。
（9-10高二下·陕西商洛·期中）Recently a Beijing father sent in a question at an Internet forum asking what “PK” meant. “My family has been watching the “Singer 2024” singing competition TV program. My little daughter asked me what 'PK' meant, but I had no idea,” explained the puzzled father.
To a lot of Chinese young people who have been playing games online, it is impossible not to know this term. In such Internet games, “PK” is short for “Player Kill”, in which two players fight until one ends the life of the other.
In the case of the “Singer 2024” singing competition, “PK” was used to refer to the stage where two singers have to compete with each other for only one chance to go up in competition ranking. For example, in the final, there is Na Ying with Tan Weiwei, only one of whom has the prize for championship.
Like this father, Chinese teachers at high schools have also been finding their students' compositions using Internet jargons (行话) which are difficult to understand. A high school teacher from Tianjin asked her students to write compositions with simple language, but they came up with a lot of Internet jargons that she didn't understand.
“My 'GG' came back this summer from college. He told me I've grown up to be a 'PLMM'. I loved to 'FB' with him together; he always took me to the 'KPM',” went one composition.
“GG” means Ge Ge (Chinese pinyin for brother). “PLMM” refers to Piao Liang Mei Mei (beautiful girl). “FB” means Fu Bai (corruption). “KPM” is short for KFC, Pizza Hut and McDonald's. Some specialists welcome Internet jargons as a new development in language.
If you do not even know what a Kong Long (dinosaur, referring to an ugly looking female) or a Qing Wa (frog, referring to an ugly looking male) is, you will possibly be regarded as a Cai Niao!
1．By writing the article, the writer tries to ________.
A．explain some Internet language
B．suggest common Internet language
C．laugh at the Beijing father
D．draw our attention to Internet language
2．What does the writer think about the term “PK”
A．Fathers can't possibly know it. B．The daughter should understand it.
C．Online game players may know it. D．“Singer 2024” shouldn't have used it.
3．The examples of the Beijing father and the Tianjin teacher are used to show that Internet jargons ________.
A．are used not only online
B．can be understood very well
C．are welcomed by all the people
D．cause trouble to our mother tongue
4．What would be the best title for the passage
A．A puzzled father B．Do you speak Internet-ish
C．Keep away from Internet-ish D．Kong Long or Qing Wa
【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．B
【导语】本文是说明文。网络语言已经逐渐渗透到我们日常的生活中来了，例如常见的“PK”、“GG”等 。然而网络术语的普遍应用又不能让所有人都完全适应，人们对此看法不一。不管怎样，这也代表了一种新的潮流。
1．推理判断题。通过阅读全文，网络语言已经逐渐渗透到我们日常的生活中来了，例如常见的“PK”、“GG”等 。然而网络术语的普遍应用又不能让所有人都完全适应，人们对此看法不一。不管怎样，这也代表了一种新的潮流。因此作者写文章的目的是把人们的注意力引到网络语言上来。故选D。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“To a lot of Chinese young people who have been playing games online, it is impossible not to know this term.( 对于很多一直在玩网络游戏的中国年轻人来说，不可能不知道这个词。)”可知，对于很多玩网上游戏的中国青年，不可能不认识这个术语。因此作者认为网游玩家应该懂得PK的意思。故选C。
3．推理判断题。根据第四段中“Like this father, Chinese teachers at high schools have also been finding their students' compositions using Internet jargons (行话) which are difficult to understand.( 和这位父亲一样，中国的高中老师也发现学生的作文中使用了难以理解的网络术语。)”可知，北京爸爸和天津老师都是不太能理解网络语言的例子。在学生作文中有很多网络行话，会对中文的表达有影响。因此他们的例子是为了说明网络语言已经不仅仅局限于在网络使用了。故选A。
4．主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及最后一段“If you do not even know what a Kong Long (dinosaur, referring to an ugly looking female) or a Qing Wa (frog, referring to an ugly looking male) is, you will possibly be regarded as a Cai Niao!( 如果你甚至不知道什么是金刚龙（恐龙，指的是长相丑陋的雌性）或青蛙（蛙，指的是长相丑陋的雄性），你可能会被认为是菜鸟！)”可知，文章围绕“网络语言在生活中的出现”来展开并列举了多个例子，通过询问读者，你运用网络用语吗？来展示对全文的描述。因此文章最佳标题是“你讲网络语言吗？”切题。故选B。
（23-24高二下·河北石家庄·期中）Chinese material scientists have found the soil on the moon may potentially be able to generate oxygen and fuel, a finding that means more possibilities of humans to use lunar resources to further exploration of the moon and beyond.
The researchers at Nanjing University showed that the lunar sample brought back by China’s Chang’e-5 contains active compounds (化合物) that can change carbon dioxide into oxygen and fuel. Initially, they hoped to design a system that took advantage of lunar soil and solar radiation, the two rich resources on the moon, according to a study published on Thursday in the journal Joule.
After analyzing the Chang’e-5’s lunar soil, the team found the sample contained metal- rich substances, which could work as a catalyst (催化剂) to make oxygen using sunlight and carbon dioxide. The team proposed a strategy using lunar soil to electrolyze water from the moon and the astronauts’ life support system into oxygen and hydrogen. The process was powered by sunlight. The carbon dioxide breathed out by moon inhabitants can be collected and combined with hydrogen to produce the fuel, also catalyzed by the lunar soil, according to the study. The researchers said with this method, no external energy apart from sunlight would be used to produce oxygen and fuel to support life on a moon base.
“We use the environmental resources to minimize rocket payload, and our strategy provides a scenario for a sustainable and affordable living environment for life out of the Earth,” said the paper’s first author Yao Yingfang from Nanjing University, expressing his assumption.
“The challenge lies in the fact that catalytic efficiency of lunar soil is lower than catalysts on the Earth,” said the researchers. They are testing different approaches in order to improve the design. The team is looking for an opportunity to test the system in space with China’s future manned lunar missions.
1．What is the main implication of Chinese scientists’ discovery of the moon’s soil
A．The moon is rich in rare elements. B．Lunar soil can be used for exploring space.
C．The moon can be lived on by humans. D．Lunar soil is a new renewable energy source.
2．What did the researchers work on according to paragraph 3
A．The process of the sun producing light.
B．The analysis of China’s Chang’e-5’s work.
C．The supportive method producing metal-rich substances.
D．The sustainable living strategy employing lunar resources.
3．What does the underlined word “scenario” in paragraph 4 probably mean
A．Contract. B．Profession. C．Possibility. D．Sponsor.
4．What is the text mainly about
A．The discovery of active compounds on the moon.
B．The testing approaches to improving the lunar soil.
C．The research on the environmental system of the moon.
D．The study of using lunar soil for oxygen and fuel production.
【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．D
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了中国科学家发现月球土壤可能具有生成氧气和燃料的潜力，这一发现意味着人类可以利用月球资源进一步探索月球及其它星球。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段的“Chinese material scientists have found the soil on the moon may potentially be able to generate oxygen and fuel, a finding that means more possibilities of humans to use lunar resources to further exploration of the moon and beyond.(中国材料科学家发现，月球上的土壤可能能够产生氧气和燃料，这一发现意味着人类利用月球资源进一步探索月球及其他地方的可能性更大。)”可知，中国科学家发现月球土壤能够产生氧气和燃料，这意味着可以利用月球土壤进一步探索太空。故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段的“The team proposed a strategy using lunar soil to electrolyze water from the moon and the astronauts’ life support system into oxygen and hydrogen. The process was powered by sunlight. The carbon dioxide breathed out by moon inhabitants can be collected and combined with hydrogen to produce the fuel, also catalyzed by the lunar soil, according to the study.(该团队提出了一种策略，利用月球土壤将月球和宇航员生命维持系统中的水电解成氧气和氢气。这个过程是由阳光驱动的。根据这项研究，月球居民呼出的二氧化碳可以被收集起来，并与氢结合来生产燃料，也可以由月球土壤催化。) ”可知，研究人员利用月球资源进行可持续生存策略的研究。故选D。
3．词义猜测题。根据第三段的“The researchers said with this method, no external energy apart from sunlight would be used to produce oxygen and fuel to support life on a moon base. (研究人员表示，通过这种方法，除了阳光之外，不需要任何外部能量被用来产生氧气和燃料，以支持月球基地的生命。)”可知，目前人类在月球上不能像在地球上一样生存，再由第四段的“for a sustainable and affordable living environment for life out of the Earth(为地球以外的生命提供一个可持续的、负担得起的生活环境)”可知，通过对月球土壤资源的研究利用，人类有望在月球上得以生存，因此划线词意为“愿景，构想”，和C项：Possibility(发展前景，潜能)含义相近。故选C。
4．主旨大意题。根据第一段的“Chinese material scientists have found the soil on the moon may potentially be able to generate oxygen and fuel, a finding that means more possibilities of humans to use lunar resources to further exploration of the moon and beyond.(中国材料科学家发现，月球上的土壤可能能够产生氧气和燃料，这一发现意味着人类利用月球资源进一步探索月球及其他地方的可能性更大。)”和第二段的“The researchers at Nanjing University showed that the lunar sample brought back by China’s Chang’e- 5 contains active compounds (化合物) that can change carbon dioxide into oxygen and fuel. Initially, they hoped to design a system that took advantage of lunar soil and solar radiation, the two rich resources on the moon, according to a study published on Thursday in the journal Joule.(南京大学的研究人员表明，中国嫦娥五号带回的月球样本含有活性化合物，可以将二氧化碳转化为氧气和燃料。根据周四发表在《焦耳》杂志上的一项研究，最初，他们希望设计一个利用月球土壤和太阳辐射的系统，这是月球上两种丰富的资源。)”可知，这篇文章讲述了中国科学家发现月球土壤可以用于生产氧气和燃料，这意味着可以利用月球土壤进一步探索太空。故选D。
（23-24高二下·贵州贵阳·期中）Have you ever wanted to see your dreams after you woke up Artificial intelligence (AI) technology may help you do this in the near future!
Researchers from Osaka University in Japan have trained an AI system to recreate images in people’s heads. The pictures AI has created include a teddy bear, an airplane and a clock tower. The technology is 80 percent accurate, reported Science magazine.
Previously there have been AI models that can turn a word or phrase into images. The AI has studied lots of images and their text descriptions. Over time. the AI can find patterns and recreate pictures if you first input text.
This time, the researchers took a step further. They trained the AI to link people’s brain scan data with images. They asked four people to look at 10, 000 different images, and let the Al find patterns of blood flow in the brain. Then the patterns can be related to the images.
If people looked at an airplane, the AI would use the brain scan data to create an image of a very cloudy airplane. Then, it would turn on the previous “text- to- image” model. By feeding the keyword “airplane”, the AI would improve the image and make it more real.
“It’s a new method that combines textual and visual information to ‘ read the brain’ ”, Ariel Goldstein from Princeton University told Science magazine.
Researchers said the technology could someday help the patients with paralysis to communicate. It might also help scientists understand dreams or even how other animals see the world.
1．What do we know about the AI system mentioned in Paragraph 2
A．It can help train people’s minds. B．It can fully present people’s dreams.
C．It was created for drawing people’s heads. D．It can recreate pictures in people’s heads.
2．What can we learn about the new Al models
A．They can turn a word or phrase into images.
B．They can form patterns of blood flow in the brain.
C．They can find different photos from the internet.
D．They can combine textual and visual data to’ read the brain’
3．What is the last paragraph mainly about
A．How to know the way animals see the world.
B．How people with paralysis talk with others.
C．What the new Al technology could be used for.
D．How AI technology affects people’s dreams.
4．Which part of a newspaper may this text appear
A．Entertainment. B．Health. C．Education. D．Science.
【答案】1．D 2．D 3．C 4．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一种新型的可以重现人们头脑中的图像的人工智能系统。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Researchers from Osaka University in Japan have trained an AI system to recreate images in people’s heads. (日本大阪大学的研究人员训练了一个人工智能系统来重现人们头脑中的图像。)”可知，这种人工智能系统可以重现人们头脑中的图像。故选D项。
2．细节理解题。由文章倒数第二段“It’s a new method that combines textual and visual information to ‘ read the brain’ (这是一种结合文本和视觉信息来‘读取大脑’的新方法。)”可知，新的人工智能模型可以结合文本和视觉数据来“读取大脑”。故选D项。
3．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Researchers said the technology could someday help the patients with paralysis to communicate. It might also help scientists understand dreams or even how other animals see the world.(研究人员表示，这项技术有朝一日可以帮助瘫痪患者进行交流。它还可能帮助科学家理解梦境，甚至帮助其他动物如何看待世界。)”可知，本段主要介绍新的人工智能技术的用途。故选C项。
4．判断推理题。纵观全文内容特别是第二段“Researchers from Osaka University in Japan have trained an AI system to recreate images in people’s heads. The pictures AI has created include a teddy bear, an airplane and a clock tower. The technology is 80 percent accurate, reported Science magazine.(日本大阪大学的研究人员训练了一个人工智能系统来重建人们头部的图像。人工智能创建的图片包括一只泰迪熊、一架飞机和一座钟楼。据《科学》杂志报道，该技术准确率为80%。)”可知，本文主要介绍一项新的人工智能技术，属于科技类。由此推知，本文很有可能出现再报纸的“科学版面”。故选D项。
（23-24高二下·河南郑州·期中）A new form of real estate (不动产) is appearing along the beaches of South Africa and on the dry islands off its coast - tiny white beach huts. With good conditions and a sea view, they are just big enough to fit a family of African penguins. Their unique selling point: a safe and cool place for penguins to breed (繁殖).
African penguins, unlike their relatives that live in snow and ice, live well in the cold currents of the South Atlantic Ocean. But when they come to land, their thick black coat absorbs the heat, and they desperately look for cover-both for themselves and their fragile eggs.
Historically, the penguins dug holes in layers of guano (鸟粪) that lined Africa’s penguin colonies, but in the 19th century, traders started selling guano as fertilizer (肥料), leaving the penguins and their eggs increasingly exposed to natural enemies and the baking sun. This, combined with other threats such as egg poaching, overfishing and climate change, has caused African penguin populations to plummet. In 2019, they were thought to be less than 20,000 breeding pairs, down from an estimated 1.5 to 3 million birds in1900. For more than a decade, the species has been listed as endangered by the IUCN.
By far, the African Penguin Nest Project has built more than 1,500 nests across five of South Africa’s penguin colonies, and plans to expand into Namibia next year, the only other country with breeding populations of the species.
“This is still just a drop in the bucket,” says Graham, who anticipates they will need to set up at least 4,500 more ceramic homes to protect penguins currently nesting in exposed areas.“ The goal is that every penguin that needsa nest will get one.”
1．Why has so many beach huts been built based on the text
A．To beautify the beach. B．To conduct research.
C．To shelter the penguins. D．To balance the ecology.
2．How many factors affect the penguin population to decrease from the text
A．Three. B．Four. C．Five. D．Six.
3．What does the underlined word “plummet” in Paragraph 4 probably mean
A．Decline. B．Increase. C．Extinct. D．Interrupt.
4．Which column may the text appear in a newspaper
A．Culture. B．History. C．Technology. D．Environment.
【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍一种新的房地产形式出现在南非的海滩和沿海干燥的岛屿上——白色的沙滩小屋。这些小屋为非洲企鹅提供了一个安全且凉爽的繁殖场所。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段“With good conditions and a sea view, they are just big enough to fit a family of African penguins. Their unique selling point: a safe and cool place for penguins to breed (繁殖). (有了良好的环境和海景，它们刚好能容纳一个非洲企鹅家庭。它们独特的卖点是：一个安全凉爽的地方供企鹅繁殖。)”可知，建这么多的海滩小屋是为了给企鹅繁殖提供安全凉爽的地方，故选C。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Historically, the penguins dug holes in layers of guano (鸟粪) that lined Africa’s penguin colonies, but in the 19th century, traders started selling guano as fertilizer (肥料), leaving the penguins and their eggs increasingly exposed to natural enemies and the baking sun. This, combined with other threats such as egg poaching, overfishing and climate change, has caused African penguin populations to plummet. (从历史上看，企鹅在非洲企鹅聚居区的鸟粪层中挖洞，但在19世纪，商人开始出售鸟粪作为肥料，使企鹅和它们的蛋越来越多地暴露在天敌和烈日下。再加上偷猎蛋、过度捕捞和气候变化等其他威胁，导致非洲企鹅数量急剧下降。)”可知，影响企鹅数量的因素有四个：商人们开始出售鸟粪作为肥料、偷猎蛋、过度捕捞和气候变化，故选B。
3．词句猜测题。根据划线词所在段落“Historically, the penguins dug holes in layers of guano (鸟粪) that lined Africa’s penguin colonies, but in the 19th century, traders started selling guano as fertilizer (肥料), leaving the penguins and their eggs increasingly exposed to natural enemies and the baking sun. This, combined with other threats such as egg poaching, overfishing and climate change, has caused African penguin populations to plummet. (从历史上看，企鹅在非洲企鹅聚居区的鸟粪层中挖洞，但在19世纪，商人开始出售鸟粪作为肥料，使企鹅和它们的蛋越来越多地暴露在天敌和烈日下。再加上偷猎蛋、过度捕捞和气候变化等其他威胁，导致非洲企鹅数量 。)” 可知，由于商人们开始出售鸟粪作为肥料、偷猎蛋、过度捕捞和气候变化的因素影响，导致企鹅的数量是在急剧下降的。A选项“Decline (下降)”与划线词为同义词。故选A。
4．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其第一段“A new form of real estate (不动产) is appearing along the beaches of South Africa and on the dry islands off its coast - tiny white beach huts. With good conditions and a sea view, they are just big enough to fit a family of African penguins. Their unique selling point: a safe and cool place for penguins to breed (繁殖). (一种新的房地产形式出现在南非的海滩和沿海干燥的岛屿上——白色的沙滩小屋。有了良好的环境和海景，它们刚好能容纳一个非洲企鹅家庭。它们独特的卖点是：一个安全凉爽的地方供企鹅繁殖。)” 可知，介绍一种新的房地产形式出现在南非的海滩和沿海干燥的岛屿上——白色的沙滩小屋，这些小屋为非洲企鹅提供了一个安全且凉爽的繁殖环境。由此推断文章可能出现在报纸环境专栏中。故选D。
（23-24高二下·河南郑州·期中）Eating too much fat contributes to the risk of stroke (中风) and other heart diseases. However, it’s the type of fat, not the amount, that appears to be more important when it comes to stroke. Eating plant-based fats lowers stroke risk, according to a study presentation given at the American Heart Association Scientific Sessions 2021.
The study, which hasn’t yet been proved by other researchers, found people who ate the most vegetable- based fats were 12% less likely to experience a stroke compared to those who ate the least. On the other hand, people who ate the highest levels of animal- based saturated(饱和的) fats were16% more likely to experience a stroke than those who ate the least fats of that kind. The findings show the type and different food sources of fat are more important than the total amount of fat in preventing certain diseases, including stroke.
“You need fat to survive. Fat helps your body absorb vitamins from foods, build cells, give you energy and keep you warm. But it’s the unsaturated fats that come from vegetables, nuts and fatty fish that can lower your cholesterol(胆固醇) level and help keep you healthy. Saturated fats are generally not as healthy, which mainly come from red and processed meat,” said Dr. Frank Hu, one of the authors of the study.
A proper reduction in red and processed meat consumption with a healthy eating pattern can reduce total death rate by 13%, heart disease death by 14%, cancer death by 11% and Type 2 Diabetes risk by 24%, according to the study.
Interestingly, dairy fat was not associated with a higher risk of stroke, the study found. There has been an ongoing debate among researchers as to the role of dairy. The diet guide- lines for Americans call for three servings of low- and no- fat dairy each day.
1．How does the author mainly develop Paragraph 2
A．By providing examples. B．By analyzing causes and effects.
C．By making comparisons. D．By following the order of time.
2．Which kind of food doesn’t contain unsaturated fats based on Paragraph 3
A．Corn. B．Beans. C．Nuts. D．Beef.
3．What does the passage mainly talk about
A．Stroke is concerned with the type of fat.
B．People should not eat meat to keep healthy.
C．Fat plays an important role in people’s life.
D．Americans need three servings of dairy daily.
4．Which section of a newspaper does the text probably come from
A．Culture. B．Health. C．Modern. D．Character.
【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。一项研究发现，摄入脂肪的种类，而不是数量，对于罹患中风有重要的影响。
1．推理判断题。根据第二段“The study, which hasn’t yet been proved by other researchers, found people who ate the most vegetable-based fats were 12% less likely to experience a stroke compared to those who ate the least. On the other hand, people who ate the highest levels of animal-based saturated (饱和的) fats were 16% more likely to experience a stroke than those who ate the least fats of that kind.(这项尚未得到其他研究人员证实的研究发现，食用最多植物性脂肪的人比食用最少植物性脂肪的人患中风的可能性低12%。另一方面，食用动物性饱和脂肪含量最高的人比食用同类脂肪最少的人患中风的可能性高16%)”可推知，第二段通过作比较来展开。故选C。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段“But it’s the unsaturated fats that come from vegetables, nuts and fatty fish that can lower your cholesterol (胆固醇) level and help keep you healthy.(但是来自蔬菜、坚果和富含脂肪的鱼类的不饱和脂肪可以降低你的胆固醇水平，帮助你保持健康)”可知，植物、坚果和富含脂肪的鱼类中有不饱和脂肪，牛肉不属于这一范围。故选D。
3．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Eating too much fat contributes to the risk of stroke (中风) and other heart diseases. However, it’s the type of fat, not the amount, that appears to be more important when it comes to stroke. Eating plant-based fats lowers stroke risk, according to a study presentation given at the American Heart Association Scientific Sessions 2021.(摄入过多的脂肪会增加患中风和其他心脏病的风险。然而，在中风方面，脂肪的类型，而不是数量，似乎更重要。根据2021年美国心脏协会科学会议上发表的一项研究报告，食用植物性脂肪可以降低中风风险)”结合文章说明了一项研究发现，摄入脂肪的种类，而不是数量，对于罹患中风有重要的影响。即中风与脂肪类型有关。故选A。
4．推理判断题。根据第一段“However, it’s the type of fat, not the amount, that appears to be more important when it comes to stroke.(然而，在中风方面，脂肪的类型，而不是数量，似乎更重要)”可知，本文为健康类科普文，可能选自报纸的健康版块。故选B。
（23-24高二下·河南郑州·期中）Three astronauts stationed in China’s Tiangong space station are preparing for their return trip in the middle of April, packing up personal items, experimental products and other materials, putting equipment into place and exercising to prepare their bodies for Earth’s gravity.
The astronauts, Tang Hongbo, Tang Shengjie and Jiang Xinlin, have to tidy up a large number of materials, including goods on the Tianzhou 6 cargo spacecraft, said Zhong Weiwei, an associate researcher at the China Astronaut Research and Training Center.
Living in space about six months, a new record in China’s history, they have completed more than 20 scientific tasks and will bring back samples with them, according to Zhong.
He said the astronauts have to put all equipment in place since there will be a gap of over half a month before the astronauts of Shenzhou XVIII enter the space station.
The physical conditions and psychological states of the three astronauts are better than expected, meeting the requirements for a return trip, said the associate researcher from the center’s aerospace medical engineering office.
Based on their in- orbit physical examinations and data, experts have adjusted exercise plans for them to keep fitness in order to ensure a safe landing, Zhong said.
The Shenzhou XVII mission was launched on Oct 26 by a Long March 2F carrier rocket that launched from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in northwestern China’s Gobi Desert, with the crew soon entering the Tiangong station.
Besides their tasks, the crew of Shenzhou XVII paid New Year greetings to the Chinese nation on China’s space station on February 9, 2024.
1．What record did the three astronauts make in China’s history
A．They have stayed in space about half a year. B．They have adjusted their plan to keep fitness.
C．They have made two live lectures from space. D．They have finished twenty scientific missions.
2．Which of the following statements is true according to the passage
A．The astronauts adjusted their exercise plans due to the delayed return.
B．The astronauts have already arranged all equipment in the right place.
C．When the Lunar New Year came, they greet the whole nation in space.
D．The astronauts merely need to keep physically healthy before returning.
3．What can we infer from the passage
A．Tianzhou 6 cargo spacecraft will be abandoned. B．Shenzhou X VIII will be launched in late April.
C．The three astronauts may stay in space until May. D．Tianzhou 7 cargo spacecraft will take off in 2025.
4．What’s the best title of the passage
A．Successful returning from space. B．Welcome the next space astronauts.
C．Great achievements of astronauts. D．Preparations for returning the Earth.
【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国三名宇航员准备返回地球，正在作相关的准备工作。
1．细节理解题。根据第三段“Living in space about six months, a new record in China’s history, they have completed more than 20 scientific tasks and will bring back samples with them, according to Zhong.(据钟介绍，他们在太空中生活了大约六个月，这是中国历史上的新纪录，他们已经完成了20多项科学任务，并将带回样本)”可知，这三位宇航员在太空呆了大约半年，创造了记录。故选A。
2．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Besides their tasks, the crew of Shenzhou XVII paid New Year greetings to the Chinese nation on China’s space station on February 9, 2024.(除了他们的任务，2024年2月9日，神舟十七号机组人员还在中国空间站向中华民族拜年)”可知，C选项“当农历新年到来的时候，他们在太空向全国人民问好”正确。故选C。
3．推理判断题。根据第一段“Three astronauts stationed in China’s Tiangong space station are preparing for their return trip in the middle of April, packing up personal items, experimental products and other materials, putting equipment into place and exercising to prepare their bodies for Earth’s gravity.(驻扎在中国天宫空间站的三名宇航员正在为4月中旬的返程做准备，他们正在打包个人物品、实验产品和其他材料，将设备安置到位，并进行锻炼，为身体适应地球引力做好准备)”可推知，4月中旬在做准备，即神舟十八将于4月下旬发射。故选B。
4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Three astronauts stationed in China’s Tiangong space station are preparing for their return trip in the middle of April, packing up personal items, experimental products and other materials, putting equipment into place and exercising to prepare their bodies for Earth’s gravity.(驻扎在中国天宫空间站的三名宇航员正在为4月中旬的返程做准备，他们正在打包个人物品、实验产品和其他材料，将设备安置到位，并进行锻炼，为身体适应地球引力做好准备)”结合文章主要介绍了中国三名宇航员准备返回地球，正在作相关的准备工作。可知，D选项“准备返回地球”最符合文章标题。故选D。
（22-23高二下·陕西·期中）Robots will have taken over most jobs within 30 years leaving humanity facing its “biggest challenge ever” to find meaning in life when work is no longer necessary, according to experts.
Professor Moshe Vardi, of Rice University, in the US, says that many middle- class professionals will be assisting the work of machines within the next few decades leaving workers with more leisure (休闲) time than they have ever experienced.
Prof Vardi said the rise of robots could lead to unemployment rates greater than 50 percent.
“We are approaching a time when machines will be able to do better than humans at almost any task," said Vardi, a professor in computational engineering.
“Robots are doing more and more jobs that people used to do. I believe that society needs to face this question before it’s upon us: If machines can do almost any work humans can do, what will humans do
“The question I want to put forward is, ‘ Does the technology we are developing finally benefit mankind ”
Prof Vardi, said existing robotic and artificial intelligence (AI) technologies were already getting rid of a growing number of middle- class jobs and that pace of advancement in the field is increasing.
But Prof Vardi is not sure that a workforce of humanlike robots will be good for mankind.
“A typical answer is that if machines will do all our work, we will be free to pursue (追求) leisure activities,” he said.
“I do not find this a promising future, as I do not find the idea of leisure- only life appealing. I believe that work is essential to human well- being.
“Humanity is about to face perhaps its greatest challenge ever, which is finding meaning in life.
“We need to rise to the occasion and meet this challenge before human labor becomes out of date.
“What’s different this time is computer scientists are working on building machines that can do everything we can do, only better. If machines can do all the work or even 50 percent of the jobs that we used to do, what will people do ”
1．What does Professor Moshe Vardi say about future human jobs
A．They will be more challenging. B．Most will disappear completely.
C．Most will be replaced by robots. D．They will require higher degrees.
2．What is Prof Vardi concerned about
A．The rapid population growth. B．The fast development of robots.
C．Whether robots will rule humans. D．Whether robots will do good to humans.
3．How does Prof Vardi find leisure- only life
A．Ideal. B．Undesirable. C．Carefree. D．Interesting.
4．What will humans face in the next few decades
A．Labor shortage. B．Production surplus.
C．Fierce competition. D．Lack of life purposes.
【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。专家警示，30年内机器人将接管大部分工作。
1．细节理解题。从第一段“Robots will have taken over most jobs within 30 years leaving humanity facing its 'biggest challenge ever' to find meaning in life when work is no longer necessary, according to experts.（据专家称，机器人将在30年内接管大部分工作，使人类面临其“有史以来最大的挑战”，即工作不再是必须的。）”可知，Vardi教授认为未来人类的大部分工作将被机器人取代。故选C项。
2．推理判断题。根据第八段的“But Prof Vardi is not sure that a workforce of humanlike robots will be good for mankind.（但是Vardi教授并不确定一个人类化的机器人劳动力对人类是有利的。）”可知，Vardi教授关心的是机器人是否会对人类有益。故选D项。
3．推理判断题。从倒数第四段的“I do not find this a promising future, as I do not find the idea of leisure-only life appealing.（我不认为这是一个有前途的未来，因为我并不觉得只有休闲的生活方式吸引人。）”可知，Vardi教授认为只有休闲的生活是不可取的。故选B项。
4．推理判断题。根据倒数第三段的“Humanity is about to face perhaps its greatest challenge ever, which is finding meaning in life(人类即将面临有史以来最大的挑战，那就是在生活中寻找意义。)”以及最后一段的“If machines can do all the work or even 50 percent of the jobs that we used to do, what will people do （如果机器可以完成我们过去做的所有工作，甚至50%的工作，人们会做什么？)”可知，未来几十年人类将面临的挑战是生活目的的缺失。故选D项。
重难语篇拔高练
（23-24高二下·广东汕头·期中）What makes people so special Tool use, self-consciousness, language, and culture are high on the list, but in fact all of these characteristics can be found elsewhere in the animal kingdom. Humans and apes are close relatives, so it is perhaps not surprising that chimpanzees use tools or that gorillas have a sense of fair play, even rejecting carrots (which they normally accept) when they see their neighbors getting grapes. But the qualities that we often think of as exclusively human exist not just on land, but in the ocean as well.
Among the invertebrates (无脊椎动物), octopuses (八爪鱼) are known for their intelligence, even exhibiting evidence of playfulness, tool use, and personality. But these skilled predators live alone and consequently lack culture. Dolphins, on the other hand, are large-brained, long-living, social-group-based predators, and it is here that we find the greatest similarity to human-like culture and awareness.
Culture depends on the ability of animals to pass on things they have learned to others. Many animals have culture in this sense, but what sets dolphins apart is what they pass on. Some bottlenose dolphins hold sponges in their mouths that they use as tools to sweep for fish hiding on the ocean floor. This ability is handed down through generations (especially in females), with some families — grandmother, mother, and daughter — all feeding in this highly specialized way.
Another characteristic that dolphins share with humans is their ability to recognize themselves in a mirror. When facing a mirror, most animals behave as though they are interacting with another individual. Even in humans, the ability to recognize that the image in a mirror is oneself does not occur before the age of 18 months. Dolphins not only recognize themselves, but if a black mark is put on the body of a dolphin, it will spend extra time at the mirror to look at the mark.
1．The example of gorillas rejecting carrots shows they _____.
A．are not easy to fool B．prefer fruit to vegetables
C．have a special taste for food D．have an awareness of equality
2．What do octopuses lack compared with dolphins
A．Social interaction. B．Intelligence.
C．Tool using ability. D．Fun-loving spirits.
3．What makes dolphin culture special
A．They tend to hunt in groups.
B．Their hunting skills are passed down.
C．Their learning environment is favourable.
D．Their families are typically female-controlled.
4．What can be inferred from the last paragraph
A．Dolphins enjoy looking at their own reflection in the mirror.
B．Dolphins are as intelligent as a typical 18-month-old human baby.
C．Dolphins are generally regarded as the most advanced non-human species.
D．Dolphins’ ability to recognize their own reflection is a higher-order mental skill.
【答案】1．D 2．A 3．B 4．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了通常被认为是人类独有的一些特征实际上不仅存在于陆地上，也存在于海洋中，八爪鱼具有高度的智慧，而海豚具有与人类极为相似的文化和意识，它们能将捕食技能代代相传，而且可以识别镜子中自己的镜像。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Humans and apes are close relatives, so it is perhaps not surprising that chimpanzees use tools or that gorillas have a sense of fair play, even rejecting carrots (which they normally accept) when they see their neighbors getting grapes. (人类和猿类是近亲，所以黑猩猩会使用工具，大猩猩有公平竞争的意识，甚至在看到邻居得到葡萄时拒绝胡萝卜(它们通常会接受)，这也许并不奇怪。)”可知，大猩猩在看到邻居得到葡萄时会拒绝胡萝卜，这表明它们有平等意识。故选D项。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“But these skilled predators live alone and consequently lack culture. Dolphins, on the other hand, are large-brained, long-living, social-group-based predators (但这些熟练的捕食者独自生活，因此缺乏文化群落。另一方面，海豚是脑容量大、寿命长、以社会群体为基础的捕食者)”可知，与海豚相比，八爪鱼缺乏群体生活中的社会性的互动。故选A项。
3．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Many animals have culture in this sense, but what sets dolphins apart is what they pass on. Some bottlenose dolphins hold sponges in their mouths that they use as tools to sweep for fish hiding on the ocean floor. This ability is handed down through generations (especially in females), with some families — grandmother, mother, and daughter — all feeding in this highly specialized way. (从这个意义上讲，许多动物都有文化，但海豚的与众不同之处在于它们传递的东西。一些宽吻海豚嘴里含着海绵，它们用海绵作为工具来搜寻隐藏在海底的鱼。这种能力是代代相传的(尤其是在雌性中)，有些家庭——祖母、母亲和女儿——都以这种高度专业化的方式喂养。)”可知，海豚的捕食技能代代相传，这使得它们的文化很特别。故选B项。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“When facing a mirror, most animals behave as though they are interacting with another individual. Even in humans, the ability to recognize that the image in a mirror is oneself does not occur before the age of 18 months. Dolphins not only recognize themselves, but if a black mark is put on the body of a dol期中复习之说明文15篇
(各地市期中真题)
基础语篇巩固练
（24-25高二下·江苏无锡·期中）China is one of the first countries to breed a medical culture. In comparison with Western methods, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) adopts a vastly different approach. For thousands of years, Chinese people have accumulated rich experience in fighting all sorts of diseases, therefore forming a unique medical theory under the guidance of ancient Chinese philosophies.
The core behind TCM is that the human body’s life is the consequence of the balance between Yin and Yang. Yang functions to safeguard us against outer harm, and Yin is the inner base to store and provide energy. When the balance between the two aspects is disturbed; people fall ill.
One of the traditional techniques of TCM, acupuncture (针刺疗法) means insertion of needles into superficial structures of the body — usually at acupoints (穴位) — to restore the Yin-Yang balance. It is often accompanied by moxibustion (艾灸疗法), which involves burning mugwort on or near the skin at an acupoint.
The first known text that clearly talks about something like acupuncture and moxibustion as it is practiced today is The Yellow Emperor’s Inner Canon. It is the earliest and most important written work of TCM and is considered the fundamental and most representative medical text in China.
Acupuncture and moxibustion have aroused the interest of international medical science circles. And TCM is gradually gaining worldwide recognition. The WHO issued a document in2002 that appealed to more than 180 countries to adopt TCM as an alternative in their medical policies. In 2010, acupuncture and moxibustion of traditional Chinese medicine were added to the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity by the UNESCO. Presently, TCM: has been back in the news for its effectiveness in improving the cure rate of Category B infectious disease.
1．What does the underlined “it” in Paragraph 3 refer to
A．TCM. B．Yin-Yang balance. C．Acupuncture. D．Moxibustion.
2．What can we learn about The Yellow Emperor’s Inner Canon from the text
A．It distinguishes acupuncture from moxibustion. B．It’s a foundation of world medical research.
C．It stresses the importance of using acupoints. D．It greatly boosts the development of TCM.
3．What’s the purpose of this text
A．To review the development of TCM. B．To introduce TCM to the world.
C．To tell TCM and Western medicine apart. D．To argue for TCM in fighting disease.
4．What might be talked about in the paragraph following the text
A．How TCM helps in the current situation. B．Why TCM is gaining popularity.
C．Why TCM gets recognition from WHO. D．How other countries adopt TCM.
（23-24高二下·江苏无锡·期中）I grew up in a 15-minute city. Or really, to be more precise, I grew up in a 15-minute neighborhood in a city that was packed with them. The New York essayist A．J. Liebling dismissed. Chicago in the 1950s as an endless and boring stretch of “factory, town main streets”. He didn’t realize it, but he was paying the city a compliment (赞美). Every one of those streets was the capital of a small world in which a few thousand residents could meet all of their regular needs - physical, social and spiritual - within the space of 15 minutes.
I can’t help finding it ironic (讽刺的) that in the 21st century some of the best minds in urban planning are trying to design the car t of communities that used to exist without anybody inside having to give them the slightest thought. But they are working hard at the task, and they are winning supporters.
The 15-minute-city movement was born, or I should say reborn, in Paris, where Mayor Anne Hidalgo built her successful 2020 reelection campaign on the 15-minute goal, and she has done quite a bit to foster (促进) it. Hidalgo is creating 900 miles of bike lanes in the city. She has banned car traffic from some of the pathways along the river Seine. She is changing schoolyards throughout the city into round-the-clock public playgrounds.
What exactly makes a 15-minute city, anyway And is it a new idea or just a slogan I’m in favor of this goal. But it may not be so simple. Most people that I know are pretty unwilling to walk a full mile to handle an errand (差事). That’s why some critics have said that if we are talking exclusively (专门地) about walking, the idea of a 5-or 10-minute city might be more realistic. It will also be much more difficult to achieve, to say the least.
In fact, we have 15-minute cities right now - we can get in our cars and reach most of our desired destinations with a 15-minute drive. Of course, that’s precisely what we need to stop doing, for a variety of environmental and social reasons.
1．What was Chicago like in the T910s
A．It had too large a population.
B．It was famous for a neighborhood in it.
C．It was the academic center of many essayists.
D．It was full of well-functioned small communities.
2．What are urban planners devoted to doing now according to the author
A．Repurposing abandoned communities.
B．Designing communities similar to those in the past.
C．Collecting community designs from the public.
D．Publicizing their ideas of community expansion.
3．What does the author think of a 15-minute city
A．It will be hard to achieve. B．It is innovative and practical.
C．It will be popular with Americans. D．It is based on a 5-or 10-minute city.
4．According to the author, which one is an important feature of a 15-minute city in the21st century
A．Residents are encouraged to drive their own cars.
B．Residents have a closer relationship with each other.
C．It promotes a fast-paced lifestyle.
D．It is friendly to the environment.
（23-24高二下·江苏无锡·期中）On the corner of the busiest crossroad in Omaha, Neb., there’s a square building, wrapped on two sides with a flashing LED signboard promoting the high-tech equipment and classes inside.
“I thought it was a 3-D printer sales place,” says Frank Fu, a high school student. Earlier this year, Fu chanced upon Do Space, a technology library providing free access to powerful PCs loaded with software used by businesses and artists. There are 3-D printers and laser cutters (激光切割机). “It was exactly what I was looking for, and I never knew there was a place anywhere like it, and it turns out there’s not,” Fu says.
There are no books in this library. Instead, it’s jammed with high-end technology that it provides free to the public. Taxpayers didn’t fund this library. Instead, Heritage Services, a group of Omaha contributors, donated $7 million to transform the building — which had been a Borders bookstore — and pay for computers, 3-D printers and the Internet bandwidth. Sue Morris speaks for the donors, “With 1 Gb minimum, to go up to 10 Gb, to have that in a public building that’s free,” she says. “That’s really amazing; that is unheard of anywhere. That computing power also makes it an attractive spot for startup founders. We know people run businesses out of this building, and we’re OK with that,” Morris says.
Hans Bekale is among them. “This is probably the biggest dream of any developer to have a place like this,” he says. “Because this is our modern-day office.” Bekale manages his small multimedia business from Do Space. He says the technology attracted him, as well as the informal community of creative people who hang out there. “I used to be locked into my office, just sort of by myself, right Not hearing fresh ideas,” he says. “Some of the most innovative things that I’ve thought of just happened through conversation.”
Across the country, other libraries are expanding their tech options. Susan Benton of the Urban Libraries Council says the Omaha experiment takes the concept to a new level.
1．How might Fu feel upon stepping into Do Space
A．Relieved. B．Excited. C．Doubtful. D．Nervous.
2．What do we know about Morris
A．She is a startup founder. B．She knows computers well.
C．She provided funds for Do Space. D．She was the owner of a Borders bookstore.
3．How does Do Space benefit Bekale
A．He is often inspired there. B．He learns basic technology there.
C．He is able to meet more clients there. D．He can spend time with himself. 。
4．What is the best title for the text
A．The future of libraries lies in their tech options
B．A library with no books brings technology to all
C．Do Space offers free science classes to students
D．Sharing scientific resources transforms a community
（22-23高二下·四川眉山·期中）In my work as a therapist (心理治疗师), it’s common for me to ask the brave individuals I work with to try something that may feel unfamiliar, challenging or awkward. It’s also important to me to support people’s independence and boundaries. In the spirit of this, I welcome their refusal to try something as much as I appreciate their agreement to have a go at it. In other words, I welcome “no” just as much as I welcome “yes” .
That’s something worth repeating, because, let’s be honest here, it can be hard to set a boundary — really hard. I’ll bet it wouldn’t take much time to search through your memory bank to know exactly what I mean. Perhaps it is that favor a friend asked of you, the one you didn’t want to do but you just couldn’t quite bring yourself to say “no” to. Or maybe it is that time when a boss or coworker asked to schedule a work meeting the next day and you said “sure thing” even though you privately wished they hadn’t asked. In all likelihood, you could come up with several occasions.
A team of researchers explored an element behind why we find it difficult to say that healthy, important, two-letter word. Across a series of experiments, they found one reason is that we exaggerate the negative effects that will arise. For example, we might fear that the person who is asking us for something would feel upset, would judge us, would complain about us to others, or would not support us when we need it. Or, we might be afraid that the relationship would suffer. But, in fact, things aren’t that bad.
Why do we make this incorrect calculation The investigators referred to previous research indicating that when we’re trying to avoid an unwanted situation (e.g., a friend’s judgment on us after we say “no”), we tend to increase the possibility of its occurring. The upside is that this could help us avoid that situation. The research team also pointed out that there are downsides of inflating the possibility of other people’s problematic reactions to our boundaries, like saying “yes” more than we need to or want to, which could also work against the relationships we’re trying to protect.
If we can remind ourselves that the consequences of setting a boundary likely won’t be as bad as we imagine, we might feel more able to try saying “no” at times, which could feel unfamiliar, challenging, or awkward, but ultimately better.
1．Why does the author welcome others’ refusal
A．She supports the boundaries between people.
B．She has much knowledge of psychology.
C．She has a lot of social experience.
D．She is a brave and sensitive person.
2．What does the author focus on in Paragraph 2
A．Making a summary. B．Explaining a theory.
C．Providing examples. D．Drawing comparisons.
3．What does the underlined word “exaggerate” in Paragraph 3 mean
A．Ignore. B．Overstate. C．Avoid. D．Lower.
4．How can the incorrect calculation influence relationships
A．It is double-edged for relationships.
B．It is helpful to begin a relationship.
C．It puts people in a weak position in relationships.
D．It stops people from saying “yes” in relationships.
（21-22高二下·北京·期中）The Secret of Success
The recipe for succeeding in any given field is hardly a mystery: good ideas, hard work, discipline, imagination, perseverance and maybe a little luck. Oh, and let’s not forget failure, which Dashun Wang and his colleagues at Northwestern University call “the essential prerequisite (先决条件) for success” in a new paper.
But not every failure leads to success, he adds. And what eventually separates the winners from the losers, the research shows, certainly is not persistence. One of the more interesting findings in the paper, published last October in Nature, is that the people who eventually succeeded and the people who eventually failed tried basically the same number of times to achieve their goals.
It turns out that trying again and again only works if you learn from your previous failures. The idea is to work smart, not hard. You have to figure out what worked and what didn’t, and then focus on what needs to be improved instead of struggling around and changing everything,” says Wang. “The people who failed didn’t necessarily work less than those who succeeded. They could actually have worked more: it’s just that they made more unnecessary changes.”
As they explored “the mechanisms governing the dynamics of failure”, Wang’s team identified what they describe as previously unknown statistical signatures that separate successful groups from unsuccessful groups, making it possible to predict their final outcomes.
One such key indicator is the time between consecutive (连续的) failed attempts, which should decrease steadily. In other words, the faster you fail, the better your chances of success, and the more time between attempts, the more likely you are to fail again. “If someone has applied for a grant and they are three failures in,” Wang says, “if we just look at the timing between the failures, we will be able to predict whether they will eventually succeed or not.”
Working with such large-scale data, Wang and his colleagues were able to identify a critical point that was common to each of the hundreds of thousands of undertakings they had analyzed, a fork in the road where one path leads to a development region and one leads to a stagnation region.
Wang points out that the existence of the tipping point cuts against the traditional explanations for failure or success, such as luck or a person’s work habits. “What we’ re showing here is that even in the absence of such differences, you can still have very different outcomes.” he says. What matters is how people fail, how they respond to failure and where those failures lead.
1．It can be learned from Paragraph 2 that________.
A．winners are more persistent than losers
B．failure is not important for success at all
C．more trying doesn’t necessarily result in success
D．winners and losers differ in how many times they tried
2．Wang and his colleagues believe that________.
A．no one can obtain success without failure
B．failure can sometimes help predict success
C．the performance pattern is difficult to identify
D．the critical point had been discovered by chance
3．The underlined phrase “a stagnation region” in Paragraph 6 refers to a region________.
A．without progress B．beyond recognition
C．unknown to outsiders D．in its elementary stage
4．What is the conclusion of Wang’s research
A．Winners try less than losers. but gain more.
B．Perseverance is the utmost secret to success.
C．Working smart could turn failures into future successes.
D．Luck and work habits hardly make any difference to the result.
（9-10高二下·陕西商洛·期中）Recently a Beijing father sent in a question at an Internet forum asking what “PK” meant. “My family has been watching the “Singer 2024” singing competition TV program. My little daughter asked me what 'PK' meant, but I had no idea,” explained the puzzled father.
To a lot of Chinese young people who have been playing games online, it is impossible not to know this term. In such Internet games, “PK” is short for “Player Kill”, in which two players fight until one ends the life of the other.
In the case of the “Singer 2024” singing competition, “PK” was used to refer to the stage where two singers have to compete with each other for only one chance to go up in competition ranking. For example, in the final, there is Na Ying with Tan Weiwei, only one of whom has the prize for championship.
Like this father, Chinese teachers at high schools have also been finding their students' compositions using Internet jargons (行话) which are difficult to understand. A high school teacher from Tianjin asked her students to write compositions with simple language, but they came up with a lot of Internet jargons that she didn't understand.
“My 'GG' came back this summer from college. He told me I've grown up to be a 'PLMM'. I loved to 'FB' with him together; he always took me to the 'KPM',” went one composition.
“GG” means Ge Ge (Chinese pinyin for brother). “PLMM” refers to Piao Liang Mei Mei (beautiful girl). “FB” means Fu Bai (corruption). “KPM” is short for KFC, Pizza Hut and McDonald's. Some specialists welcome Internet jargons as a new development in language.
If you do not even know what a Kong Long (dinosaur, referring to an ugly looking female) or a Qing Wa (frog, referring to an ugly looking male) is, you will possibly be regarded as a Cai Niao!
1．By writing the article, the writer tries to ________.
A．explain some Internet language
B．suggest common Internet language
C．laugh at the Beijing father
D．draw our attention to Internet language
2．What does the writer think about the term “PK”
A．Fathers can't possibly know it. B．The daughter should understand it.
C．Online game players may know it. D．“Singer 2024” shouldn't have used it.
3．The examples of the Beijing father and the Tianjin teacher are used to show that Internet jargons ________.
A．are used not only online
B．can be understood very well
C．are welcomed by all the people
D．cause trouble to our mother tongue
4．What would be the best title for the passage
A．A puzzled father B．Do you speak Internet-ish
C．Keep away from Internet-ish D．Kong Long or Qing Wa
（23-24高二下·河北石家庄·期中）Chinese material scientists have found the soil on the moon may potentially be able to generate oxygen and fuel, a finding that means more possibilities of humans to use lunar resources to further exploration of the moon and beyond.
The researchers at Nanjing University showed that the lunar sample brought back by China’s Chang’e-5 contains active compounds (化合物) that can change carbon dioxide into oxygen and fuel. Initially, they hoped to design a system that took advantage of lunar soil and solar radiation, the two rich resources on the moon, according to a study published on Thursday in the journal Joule.
After analyzing the Chang’e-5’s lunar soil, the team found the sample contained metal- rich substances, which could work as a catalyst (催化剂) to make oxygen using sunlight and carbon dioxide. The team proposed a strategy using lunar soil to electrolyze water from the moon and the astronauts’ life support system into oxygen and hydrogen. The process was powered by sunlight. The carbon dioxide breathed out by moon inhabitants can be collected and combined with hydrogen to produce the fuel, also catalyzed by the lunar soil, according to the study. The researchers said with this method, no external energy apart from sunlight would be used to produce oxygen and fuel to support life on a moon base.
“We use the environmental resources to minimize rocket payload, and our strategy provides a scenario for a sustainable and affordable living environment for life out of the Earth,” said the paper’s first author Yao Yingfang from Nanjing University, expressing his assumption.
“The challenge lies in the fact that catalytic efficiency of lunar soil is lower than catalysts on the Earth,” said the researchers. They are testing different approaches in order to improve the design. The team is looking for an opportunity to test the system in space with China’s future manned lunar missions.
1．What is the main implication of Chinese scientists’ discovery of the moon’s soil
A．The moon is rich in rare elements. B．Lunar soil can be used for exploring space.
C．The moon can be lived on by humans. D．Lunar soil is a new renewable energy source.
2．What did the researchers work on according to paragraph 3
A．The process of the sun producing light.
B．The analysis of China’s Chang’e-5’s work.
C．The supportive method producing metal-rich substances.
D．The sustainable living strategy employing lunar resources.
3．What does the underlined word “scenario” in paragraph 4 probably mean
A．Contract. B．Profession. C．Possibility. D．Sponsor.
4．What is the text mainly about
A．The discovery of active compounds on the moon.
B．The testing approaches to improving the lunar soil.
C．The research on the environmental system of the moon.
D．The study of using lunar soil for oxygen and fuel production.
（23-24高二下·贵州贵阳·期中）Have you ever wanted to see your dreams after you woke up Artificial intelligence (AI) technology may help you do this in the near future!
Researchers from Osaka University in Japan have trained an AI system to recreate images in people’s heads. The pictures AI has created include a teddy bear, an airplane and a clock tower. The technology is 80 percent accurate, reported Science magazine.
Previously there have been AI models that can turn a word or phrase into images. The AI has studied lots of images and their text descriptions. Over time. the AI can find patterns and recreate pictures if you first input text.
This time, the researchers took a step further. They trained the AI to link people’s brain scan data with images. They asked four people to look at 10, 000 different images, and let the Al find patterns of blood flow in the brain. Then the patterns can be related to the images.
If people looked at an airplane, the AI would use the brain scan data to create an image of a very cloudy airplane. Then, it would turn on the previous “text- to- image” model. By feeding the keyword “airplane”, the AI would improve the image and make it more real.
“It’s a new method that combines textual and visual information to ‘ read the brain’ ”, Ariel Goldstein from Princeton University told Science magazine.
Researchers said the technology could someday help the patients with paralysis to communicate. It might also help scientists understand dreams or even how other animals see the world.
1．What do we know about the AI system mentioned in Paragraph 2
A．It can help train people’s minds. B．It can fully present people’s dreams.
C．It was created for drawing people’s heads. D．It can recreate pictures in people’s heads.
2．What can we learn about the new Al models
A．They can turn a word or phrase into images.
B．They can form patterns of blood flow in the brain.
C．They can find different photos from the internet.
D．They can combine textual and visual data to’ read the brain’
3．What is the last paragraph mainly about
A．How to know the way animals see the world.
B．How people with paralysis talk with others.
C．What the new Al technology could be used for.
D．How AI technology affects people’s dreams.
4．Which part of a newspaper may this text appear
A．Entertainment. B．Health. C．Education. D．Science.
（23-24高二下·河南郑州·期中）A new form of real estate (不动产) is appearing along the beaches of South Africa and on the dry islands off its coast - tiny white beach huts. With good conditions and a sea view, they are just big enough to fit a family of African penguins. Their unique selling point: a safe and cool place for penguins to breed (繁殖).
African penguins, unlike their relatives that live in snow and ice, live well in the cold currents of the South Atlantic Ocean. But when they come to land, their thick black coat absorbs the heat, and they desperately look for cover-both for themselves and their fragile eggs.
Historically, the penguins dug holes in layers of guano (鸟粪) that lined Africa’s penguin colonies, but in the 19th century, traders started selling guano as fertilizer (肥料), leaving the penguins and their eggs increasingly exposed to natural enemies and the baking sun. This, combined with other threats such as egg poaching, overfishing and climate change, has caused African penguin populations to plummet. In 2019, they were thought to be less than 20,000 breeding pairs, down from an estimated 1.5 to 3 million birds in1900. For more than a decade, the species has been listed as endangered by the IUCN.
By far, the African Penguin Nest Project has built more than 1,500 nests across five of South Africa’s penguin colonies, and plans to expand into Namibia next year, the only other country with breeding populations of the species.
“This is still just a drop in the bucket,” says Graham, who anticipates they will need to set up at least 4,500 more ceramic homes to protect penguins currently nesting in exposed areas.“ The goal is that every penguin that needsa nest will get one.”
1．Why has so many beach huts been built based on the text
A．To beautify the beach. B．To conduct research.
C．To shelter the penguins. D．To balance the ecology.
2．How many factors affect the penguin population to decrease from the text
A．Three. B．Four. C．Five. D．Six.
3．What does the underlined word “plummet” in Paragraph 4 probably mean
A．Decline. B．Increase. C．Extinct. D．Interrupt.
4．Which column may the text appear in a newspaper
A．Culture. B．History. C．Technology. D．Environment.
（23-24高二下·河南郑州·期中）Eating too much fat contributes to the risk of stroke (中风) and other heart diseases. However, it’s the type of fat, not the amount, that appears to be more important when it comes to stroke. Eating plant-based fats lowers stroke risk, according to a study presentation given at the American Heart Association Scientific Sessions 2021.
The study, which hasn’t yet been proved by other researchers, found people who ate the most vegetable- based fats were 12% less likely to experience a stroke compared to those who ate the least. On the other hand, people who ate the highest levels of animal- based saturated(饱和的) fats were16% more likely to experience a stroke than those who ate the least fats of that kind. The findings show the type and different food sources of fat are more important than the total amount of fat in preventing certain diseases, including stroke.
“You need fat to survive. Fat helps your body absorb vitamins from foods, build cells, give you energy and keep you warm. But it’s the unsaturated fats that come from vegetables, nuts and fatty fish that can lower your cholesterol(胆固醇) level and help keep you healthy. Saturated fats are generally not as healthy, which mainly come from red and processed meat,” said Dr. Frank Hu, one of the authors of the study.
A proper reduction in red and processed meat consumption with a healthy eating pattern can reduce total death rate by 13%, heart disease death by 14%, cancer death by 11% and Type 2 Diabetes risk by 24%, according to the study.
Interestingly, dairy fat was not associated with a higher risk of stroke, the study found. There has been an ongoing debate among researchers as to the role of dairy. The diet guide- lines for Americans call for three servings of low- and no- fat dairy each day.
1．How does the author mainly develop Paragraph 2
A．By providing examples. B．By analyzing causes and effects.
C．By making comparisons. D．By following the order of time.
2．Which kind of food doesn’t contain unsaturated fats based on Paragraph 3
A．Corn. B．Beans. C．Nuts. D．Beef.
3．What does the passage mainly talk about
A．Stroke is concerned with the type of fat.
B．People should not eat meat to keep healthy.
C．Fat plays an important role in people’s life.
D．Americans need three servings of dairy daily.
4．Which section of a newspaper does the text probably come from
A．Culture. B．Health. C．Modern. D．Character.
（23-24高二下·河南郑州·期中）Three astronauts stationed in China’s Tiangong space station are preparing for their return trip in the middle of April, packing up personal items, experimental products and other materials, putting equipment into place and exercising to prepare their bodies for Earth’s gravity.
The astronauts, Tang Hongbo, Tang Shengjie and Jiang Xinlin, have to tidy up a large number of materials, including goods on the Tianzhou 6 cargo spacecraft, said Zhong Weiwei, an associate researcher at the China Astronaut Research and Training Center.
Living in space about six months, a new record in China’s history, they have completed more than 20 scientific tasks and will bring back samples with them, according to Zhong.
He said the astronauts have to put all equipment in place since there will be a gap of over half a month before the astronauts of Shenzhou XVIII enter the space station.
The physical conditions and psychological states of the three astronauts are better than expected, meeting the requirements for a return trip, said the associate researcher from the center’s aerospace medical engineering office.
Based on their in- orbit physical examinations and data, experts have adjusted exercise plans for them to keep fitness in order to ensure a safe landing, Zhong said.
The Shenzhou XVII mission was launched on Oct 26 by a Long March 2F carrier rocket that launched from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in northwestern China’s Gobi Desert, with the crew soon entering the Tiangong station.
Besides their tasks, the crew of Shenzhou XVII paid New Year greetings to the Chinese nation on China’s space station on February 9, 2024.
1．What record did the three astronauts make in China’s history
A．They have stayed in space about half a year. B．They have adjusted their plan to keep fitness.
C．They have made two live lectures from space. D．They have finished twenty scientific missions.
2．Which of the following statements is true according to the passage
A．The astronauts adjusted their exercise plans due to the delayed return.
B．The astronauts have already arranged all equipment in the right place.
C．When the Lunar New Year came, they greet the whole nation in space.
D．The astronauts merely need to keep physically healthy before returning.
3．What can we infer from the passage
A．Tianzhou 6 cargo spacecraft will be abandoned. B．Shenzhou X VIII will be launched in late April.
C．The three astronauts may stay in space until May. D．Tianzhou 7 cargo spacecraft will take off in 2025.
4．What’s the best title of the passage
A．Successful returning from space. B．Welcome the next space astronauts.
C．Great achievements of astronauts. D．Preparations for returning the Earth.
（22-23高二下·陕西·期中）Robots will have taken over most jobs within 30 years leaving humanity facing its “biggest challenge ever” to find meaning in life when work is no longer necessary, according to experts.
Professor Moshe Vardi, of Rice University, in the US, says that many middle- class professionals will be assisting the work of machines within the next few decades leaving workers with more leisure (休闲) time than they have ever experienced.
Prof Vardi said the rise of robots could lead to unemployment rates greater than 50 percent.
“We are approaching a time when machines will be able to do better than humans at almost any task," said Vardi, a professor in computational engineering.
“Robots are doing more and more jobs that people used to do. I believe that society needs to face this question before it’s upon us: If machines can do almost any work humans can do, what will humans do
“The question I want to put forward is, ‘ Does the technology we are developing finally benefit mankind ”
Prof Vardi, said existing robotic and artificial intelligence (AI) technologies were already getting rid of a growing number of middle- class jobs and that pace of advancement in the field is increasing.
But Prof Vardi is not sure that a workforce of humanlike robots will be good for mankind.
“A typical answer is that if machines will do all our work, we will be free to pursue (追求) leisure activities,” he said.
“I do not find this a promising future, as I do not find the idea of leisure- only life appealing. I believe that work is essential to human well- being.
“Humanity is about to face perhaps its greatest challenge ever, which is finding meaning in life.
“We need to rise to the occasion and meet this challenge before human labor becomes out of date.
“What’s different this time is computer scientists are working on building machines that can do everything we can do, only better. If machines can do all the work or even 50 percent of the jobs that we used to do, what will people do ”
1．What does Professor Moshe Vardi say about future human jobs
A．They will be more challenging. B．Most will disappear completely.
C．Most will be replaced by robots. D．They will require higher degrees.
2．What is Prof Vardi concerned about
A．The rapid population growth. B．The fast development of robots.
C．Whether robots will rule humans. D．Whether robots will do good to humans.
3．How does Prof Vardi find leisure- only life
A．Ideal. B．Undesirable. C．Carefree. D．Interesting.
4．What will humans face in the next few decades
A．Labor shortage. B．Production surplus.
C．Fierce competition. D．Lack of life purposes.
重难语篇拔高练
（23-24高二下·广东汕头·期中）What makes people so special Tool use, self-consciousness, language, and culture are high on the list, but in fact all of these characteristics can be found elsewhere in the animal kingdom. Humans and apes are close relatives, so it is perhaps not surprising that chimpanzees use tools or that gorillas have a sense of fair play, even rejecting carrots (which they normally accept) when they see their neighbors getting grapes. But the qualities that we often think of as exclusively human exist not just on land, but in the ocean as well.
Among the invertebrates (无脊椎动物), octopuses (八爪鱼) are known for their intelligence, even exhibiting evidence of playfulness, tool use, and personality. But these skilled predators live alone and consequently lack culture. Dolphins, on the other hand, are large-brained, long-living, social-group-based predators, and it is here that we find the greatest similarity to human-like culture and awareness.
Culture depends on the ability of animals to pass on things they have learned to others. Many animals have culture in this sense, but what sets dolphins apart is what they pass on. Some bottlenose dolphins hold sponges in their mouths that they use as tools to sweep for fish hiding on the ocean floor. This ability is handed down through generations (especially in females), with some families — grandmother, mother, and daughter — all feeding in this highly specialized way.
Another characteristic that dolphins share with humans is their ability to recognize themselves in a mirror. When facing a mirror, most animals behave as though they are interacting with another individual. Even in humans, the ability to recognize that the image in a mirror is oneself does not occur before the age of 18 months. Dolphins not only recognize themselves, but if a black mark is put on the body of a dolphin, it will spend extra time at the mirror to look at the mark.
1．The example of gorillas rejecting carrots shows they _____.
A．are not easy to fool B．prefer fruit to vegetables
C．have a special taste for food D．have an awareness of equality
2．What do octopuses lack compared with dolphins
A．Social interaction. B．Intelligence.
C．Tool using ability. D．Fun-loving spirits.
3．What makes dolphin culture special
A．They tend to hunt in groups.
B．Their hunting skills are passed down.
C．Their learning environment is favourable.
D．Their families are typically female-controlled.
4．What can be inferred from the last paragraph
A．Dolphins enjoy looking at their own reflection in the mirror.
B．Dolphins are as intelligent as a typical 18-month-old human baby.
C．Dolphins are generally regarded as the most advanced non-human species.
D．Dolphins’ ability to recognize their own reflection is a higher-order mental skill.
（23-24高二下·北京·期中）If a diver surfaces too quickly, he may suffer the bends. Nitrogen (氮) dissolved (溶解) in his blood is suddenly liberated by the reduction of pressure. The consequence, if the bubbles (气泡) accumulate in a joint, is sharp pain and a bent body- thus the name. If the bubbles form in his lungs or his brain, the consequence can be death.
Other air-breathing animals — also suffer this decompression (减压) sickness if they surface too fast: whales, for example. And so, long ago, did ichthyosaurs. That these ancient sea animals got the bends can be seen from their bones. If bubbles of nitrogen form inside the bone they can cut off its blood supply. This kills the cells in the bone, and consequently weakens it, sometimes to the point of collapse. Fossil banes that have caved in on themselves are thus a sign that the animal once had the bends.
Bruce Rothschild of the University of Kansas knew all this when he began a study of ichthyosaur bones to find out how widespread the problem was in the past. What he particularly wanted to investigate was how ichthyosaurs adapted to the problem of decompression over the 150 million years. To this end, he and his colleagues traveled the world’s natural-history museums, looking at hundreds of ichthyosaurs from the Triassic period and from the later Jurassic and Cretaceous periods.
When he started, he assumed that signs of the bends would be rarer in younger fossils, reflecting their gradual evolution of measures to deal with decompression. Instead, he was astonished to discover the opposite. More than 15% of Jurassic and Cretaceous ichthyosaurs had, suffered the bends before they died, but not a single Triassic specimen (标本) showed evidence of that sort of injury
If ichthyosaurs did evolve an anti- decompression means, they clearly did so quickly — and, most strangely, they lost it afterwards. But that is not what Dr. Rothschild thinks happened. He suspects it was evolution in other animals that caused the change.
Whales that suffer the bends often do so because they have surfaced to escape a predator (捕食动物) such as a large shark. One of the features of Jurassic oceans was an abundance of large sharks and crocodiles, both of which were fond of ichthyosaur lunches. Triassic oceans, by contrast, were mercifully shark- and crocodile- free. In the Triassic, then, ichthyosaurs were too of the food chain. In the Jurassic and Cretaceous, they were prey (猎物) as well as predator — and often had to make a speedy exit as a result.
1．Which of the following is a typical symptom of the bends
A．A twisted body.
B．A drop in blood pressure.
C．A gradual decrease in blood supply.
D．A sudden release of nitrogen in blood.
2．The purpose of Rothschild’s study is to see ______.
A．why ichthyosaurs bent their bodies
B．when ichthyosaurs broke their bones
C．how often ichthyosaurs caught the bends
D．how ichthyosaurs adapted to decompression
3．Rothschild’s finding stated in Paragraph 4______.
A．confirmed his assumption
B．disagreed with his assumption
C．changed his research objectives
D．speeded up his research process
4．Rothschild might have concluded that ichthyosaurs ______.
A．failed to evolve an anti- decompression means
B．died out because of large sharks and crocodiles
C．gradually developed measures against the bends
D．evolved an anti- decompression means but soon lost it
（23-24高二下·广东深圳·期中）Olympic Games organizers in France presented the 2024 Olympic torch (火炬) that will light the Summer Games in the country a year from now. In the Olympic torch tradition, many people carry the torch in turn from Greece to the current location of the Games. After it has traveled thousands of kilometers. The torch will light the Olympic cauldron (火炬台) at the Opening Ceremony of the next Olympic Games.
French designer Mathieu Lehanneur created the torch, which is 70 centimeters long and made of lightweight steel. Lehanneur said its shape is inspired by the famous Seine River, which flows through Paris. He said the torch is equal from top to bottom and all around the middle, which stands for equality between athletes. The twisting shape of the torch represents peace.
The torch was made with lightweight steel. Its lower half copies the movement of the Seine, along which the opening ceremony will take place for over 500,000 viewers.
Lehanneur said he wants the torch to represent the kind of event that Paris 2024 hopes to be. “I wanted to move away from the torch appearing as an object of conquest (征服), ” Lehanneur said. He also told reporters that designing the torch was much more technical than he thought it would be. “The magic is not the torch itself, but the flame,” Lehanneur said.
The torch will be lit up in Olympia, Greece on April 16,2024, followed by a nine-day torch relay before sailing across the Mediterranean Sea from Athens to Marseille in France on May 8. It will then pass through several important laces, which include Strasbourg, the Pantheon in Paris, the Mont Saint-Michel and multiple French territories.
Tony Estanguet, the Paris 2024 chief, said that the torch is very, very beautiful. He also said, “It is very pure. It’s perfectly balanced in the hand.”
1．Why is the torch equal from top to bottom
A．It is easy for torch-bearers to carry. B．It is the symbol of the Seine River.
C．It shows equality between players. D．It represents peace among nations.
2．What can be inferred from Lehanneur’s words
A．He wishes Paris 2024 to be the best ever. B．The torch is more important than the flame.
C．He thinks highly of the torch’s appearance. D．Designing the torch is harder than he thinks.
3．How long will it take the torch to travel from Greece to France
A．Fifteen days. B．Twenty two days. C．Nine days. D．Eight days.
4．What is Tony Estanguet’s attitude to the torch
A．Positive. B．Negative. C．Doubtful. D．Indifferent.
