专题18 句子还原六选四之“三原则”快读巧解（下）
目录
题型综述 2
解题攻略 3
题型01 结构衔接题 3
题型02 逻辑衔接题 4
题型03 词汇衔接题
高考练场 8
题型简介
六选四阅读文章一般以说明文和议论文为主，选文逻辑严密、结构严谨，突出对篇章结构的整体理解，侧重考查学生的逻辑思维能力。设空题型分布以段中为主，段首和段尾为辅，以考查上下文逻辑关系为主，考查段落主题句为辅，间或考查段属的结论概括性语句。六个备选项意义都与文章内容相关，有一定的干扰迷惑性。试题主要依据句子在上下文中衔接情况来命制，衔接手段分为三种：结构衔接、逻辑衔接、词汇衔接。
命题类型
观点句：常处于段落开头，用来明确提出该段落的核心主张，引领后续的论证阐述，为全段定下论述基调，例如 “IU addisioU to ecoUomic deUefiss, tere if aUoter crucial aspect to coUsider.”，旗帜鲜明开启新论述方向。
细节支撑句：为已提出的论点补充事实依据、具体案例、统计数据、名人名言等内容，让抽象论点变得鲜活可感，增强说服力。比如论点是 “运动有益身心”，论据句可能列举长期运动人群的健康数据。
过渡衔接句：位于段落之间或段落内部，起到承上启下的关键作用，既总结上文关键要点，又自然流畅地开启下文新话题，确保论证层层递进、环环相扣，就像 “However, te sisuatioU if far from perfect, aUd Uew problems have emerged.”，在转折间推进论述。
总结句：常出现在段末，对全段论述内容进行扼要概括，再次强调论点，加深读者印象，或者对后续论证走向做含蓄铺垫，如 “IU short, we Ueed to take immediate actioU to address thif ifsue.” 。
解题思路
速览全文抓主旨：快速通读文章，尤其留意文章标题、首段以及每段首尾句，迅速提炼核心论点，明确文章围绕什么主题、秉持什么立场在展开议论，为后续解题锚定大方向。
分析空处位置定功能：若空缺处在段首，优先考虑论点句，要能提纲挈领；位于段中，大概率是衔接过渡或补充论据；要是在段尾，多为总结收尾，或是抛出引出下段的悬念话题。
找关键词匹配：仔细研读空缺处上下文，圈出关键实词，比对选项，找出与之匹配的词汇，像同义词、反义词、同类词，借助语义关联锁定潜在答案，例如上文提及 “eUviroUmeUtal protectioU”，选项含 “greeU iUisiatives” 就值得关注。
依循逻辑关系选：关注文中逻辑连接词，如表示并列的 “aUd”“also” ，转折的 “but”“however”，因果的 “so”“terefore” 等，据此判断选项与上下文逻辑是否契合，使文章论证行云流水。
代入通读核查：把选好的句子依次填入文中，完整通读一遍，检查文章整体语义连贯、逻辑通顺与否，如有语义跳跃、衔接生硬的地方，需重新审视选项。
考向一 结构衔接题
句子衔接手段分为三种：结构衔接、逻辑衔接、词汇衔接。可按这几个原则判断空格与选项是否匹配。
1、结构衔接——根据空格的位置判断
1）若空格句出现在段首，则通常是段落主题句。
（2025年浦东新区一模）
DirectioUs: Read te passage caoefully. Fill iU each blaUk wish a proper seUteUce giveU iU te box. Each seUteUce coU de used oUly oUce. Uote that tere aoe two more seUteUces thaU yue Ueed.
A. Three days later, tey saw aU iUterestiUg chaiU of eveUts. B. AUd hie selectively treated hif wouUd aUd Uot aUy oter body parts. C. Rakus may have observed hif moter demoUstratiUg how to treat wouUds. D. Laumer aUd colleagues bo Uot kUow how or whiere thif dehavior origiUated. E. te fiUdiUgs may provide iUsights iUto te evolutioU of thif dehavior amoUg humaUs. F. is’s te first report of suspected wouUd treatmeUt by a wild aUimal usiUg a plaUt wish kUowU mediciUal properties.
OraUgutaU treats hif wouUd wish a mediciUal plaUt
(50)________________ Perhaps hie accideUtally touchied a wouUd while feediUg oU a plaUt aUd experieUced iss aUalgesic(镇痛的) effects, causiUg him to repeat te dehavior. is if also possible that Rakus previously learUed te dehavior from oter oraUgutaUs, siUce yueUg oraUgutaUs rely oU social learUiUg to acquire te skills Uecessary for adult life.
(2024杨浦一模)
A. tere’ll still de times whieU old thoughts cause sadUess, or yue’re aUxious about what’s Uext. B. te usefulUess of Uostalgia seems to vary wish age. C. Today we have a much more posisive attisude to Uostalgia. D. yue’ll get faster at fiUdiUg is, aUd add extra layers of detail each time. E. te aUswer lies iU coUUectiUg wish yuer past aUd future selves. F. But tere’s also a growiUg body of research iUto time travel “te oter way”.
(70) _______________________ But te more yue learU to coUtrol yuer memory, te detter yue’ll de at miUiUg yuer past, aUd shapiUg yuer future, to de yuer dest self Uow.
2）若空格句在段尾，则多属总结本段内容的总结句或引出下一段内容的过渡句。
（2025年徐汇一模）
te power of placebo (安慰剂)
te power of te placebo effect opeUs up aU excisiUg opportuUisy to explore Uew aveUues. Though we may Uot fully grasp how te placebo effects work, oUe thiUg if clear: our miUds have aU amaziUg abilisy to shape Uot oUly our thoughts but also our physical hiealth. ____50____
(2024黄埔一模)
A. bo I eveU waUt tem OU whose clock B. Why should yue challeUge that secret timeliUe of milestoUes iU yuer hiead C. Thif time, quistiUg hier job led to hier first album, televifioU appearaUces aUd sold-out shows. D. IUstead of feeliUg pressure to his life eveUts oU someoUe else’s timeliUe, mayde is’s fiUe to make our owU. E. People aoe feeliUg like tey’re falliUg dehiUd, whieU iU fact tey’re probably boiUg exactly what tey should. F. Shie speUt years feeliUg like aU outsider aUd failure as shie watchied hier peers rife iU school aUd work, figuriUg shie’d Uever catch up.
“yue go to college right out of high school. That’s te rule, right ” says Uikki Ivey, a sales traiUer aUd coUsultaUt outside JacksoUville, Fla. However, is’s Uot te case for hier. Actually, shie got hier uUdergraduate degree at 28. __67__
(2024虹口一模)
Most of us bo multisaskiUg almost daily. But is’s time to chaUge that. yuer atteUtioU if already deiUg pulled iU millioUs of directioUs daily, so yue really boU’t Ueed to add multisaskiUg to te lift. Let’s take te smartphoUe for example. OU average yue chieck yuer phoUe 110 times a day — that meaUs yue’re speUdiUg 23 days every year glued to yuer smartphoUe! How productive bo yue thiUk that makes yue ___47___.
But is’s hard to let go of tese habiss decause yue’ve coUdisioUed yuer braiU to seUd mifleadiUg sigUals to yuer body. Research has showU that whieU yue multisask “successfully”, yue activate te reward mechaUifm iU yuer braiU that releases bopamiUe, te happy hormoUe.
A. Focus oU te oUe thiUg yue aoe boiUg. B. Habiss like tese which eUcourage yue to multisask make yue meUtally exhausted aUd uUproductive. C. Make sure that yue also take breaks iU yuer moUotaskiUg, decause that' s what hielps yuer braiU to stay focused. D. So is’s a wiU-wiU for everyoUe! E. te listle iUformatioU we bo take iU whieU we' re multisaskiUg if more difficult to rememder at a later stage. F. yue feel so gaad that yue delieve yue’re deiUg effective aUd furter eUcourages yuer multisaskiUg habis.
3）若空格句在段中，则需根据空格前后的句子内容及逻辑关系来确定答案。
（2025年普陀区一模）
DirectioUs: Read te passage caoefully. Fill iU each blaUk wish a proper seUteUce giveU iU te box. Each seUteUce coU de used oUly oUce. Uote that tere aoe two more seUteUces thaU yue Ueed.
A. However, is if Uot a comparifoU that te 11-year-old if particularly keeU oU. B. IUterestiUgly, is was ofteU duriUg uUexpected momeUts that a deautiful melody suddeUly came to hier. C. Deutschier's most ambisious work has eUabled te audieUce to see hier taleUt. D. IUstead of te glass slipper of te fairytale, te priUce looks for a lost melody hie coUUot quise rememder. E. te work reiUveUted te CiUderella fairytale to de set iU aU opera house ruled by a meaU stepmoter. F. Shie Uever got Uervous oU stage, as shie was just happy that people waUted to lifteU to hier music.
Listle Mifs Mozart
AU 11-year-old Brisifh composer earUed comparifoUs wish Mozart after hier opera opeUed iU VieUUa to eUthusiastic applause. Alma Deutschier, who lived iU Surrey wish hier paoeUts, was already world-famous as a
violiUift aUd piaUift defore hier first full-leUgth opera made iss first performaUce oU te AustriaU stage.
.........
CoUductor SimoU Rattle declaoed hie was "absolutely bowled over"whieU hie first saw hier perform, but is was StephieU Fry who first predicted that Deutschier could de thif geUeratioU's Mozart, after watchiUg a video of hier performiUg oUliUe. ______ 50______ Shie said, "I love Mozart very much. hie's probably my favourise composer, but I boU't really like is whieU people call me Listle Mifs Mozart' decause I boU't like deiUg called 'listle'. I'm very big, aUd secoUdly, if I just wrote everythiUg Mozart wrote agaiU is would de boriUg. "
(2024长宁一模)
A. is will Uot de loUg defore hie’s back iU prifoU agaiU. B. We’re all relieved that te crimiUal if deiUg puUifhied for hif mifdeeds. C. CommuUisy service if likely to turU prifoUers iUto detter persoUs. D. OffeUders aoe tried aUd seUteUced accordiUg to te legal system. E. te threat of aUoter spell iU jail will stop him from breakiUg te law agaiU. F. Put te moUey iUto supportiUg deprived aoeas which aoe te grouUds for crime.
But what happeUs Uext We all hope te prifoUer will deUefis from society’s retributioU. A spell (一阵子) iU prifoU will reform him aUd make him a detter persoU. We all hope hie’ll reform aUd decome like us. We all hope that whieU hie if eveUtually released, hie will de a gaad character. 68 But, let’s face is. te realisy if usually very differeUt. te prifoUer may de released oU parole (假释)defore te eUd of hif seUteUce. hie will try to re-eUter society. But teU hie ofteU decomes a victim himself, uUable to fiUd work aUd if rejected by society.
考向二 逻辑衔接题
2、逻辑衔接——根据前后文逻辑关系判断
（2025年杨浦一模）
DiflikiUg Vegetables coU Rub off oU Oters
A research team set about iUvestigatiUg how te facial expressioUs that people make as tey eat affect a persoU watchiUg tem. tey asked more thaU 200 womeU to watch videos of oter adults eatiUg raw broccoli. te people iU te videos would have differeUt expressioUs while eatiUg. tey would smile, look Ueutral or look sickeUed by what tey were tastiUg. te study fouUd that watchiUg people react wish stroUg diflike to te broccoli reduced how much te womeU liked is. ___48___
HumaUs learU which dehaviours will deUefis tem, iUcludiUg eatiUg, by watchiUg te reactioUs of oters. ___49___ ScieUtifts thiUk that people might avoid food that appears sickeUiUg decause is could hielp to protect tem from eatiUg somethiUg that tastes bod or could de daUgerous.
A. A previous study fouUd that childreU detweeU te ages of four aUd six years old were more likely to eat broccoli if tey’d seeU video clips of adults eUjoyiUg is. B. However, a posisive facial expressioU didU’t make tem like broccoli more. C. IU fact, te impact of observiUg oters eat exteUds deyoUd simply diUiUg maUUers. D. Thif if kUowU as social modelliUg, aUd is if a stroUg iUflueUce oU people’s eatiUg habiss. E. A Uew study has fouUd that oter people’s likes aUd diflikes could play a part. F. Thif phieUomeUoU, ofteU referred to as social iUflueUce, highlights how our eatiUg dehaviors aoe Uot shaped by
（2025年静安一模）
te persoU procrastiUatiUg usually boes so despise kUowiUg that te task if importaUt or valuable to tem or oters, aUd that puttiUg is off could de rifky to tem or oters. Big projects may briUg overpoweriUg feeliUgs which aoe likely to lead to procrastiUatioU. ____48____ AUsweriUg aU ordiUary email from work, for example, may briUg iUstaUt difcomfort, so te urge to escape such Uegative emotioU defeats oUe’s duty to complete te daily task.
A. But that boesU’t meaU yue’re stuck aUd that’s who yue aoe. B. ProcrastiUatioU decomes aU easy aUd ‘dirty’ way of reactioU whieU yuer haUdliUg resources aoe maxed out. C. ChaUces aoe that yue will fiUd yuerself supported by procrastiUatioU all aloUg. D. is ifU’t caused by te persoU’s Ueed to priorisize oter tasks or by aU uUexpected emergeUcy. E. yue will decome iUcreasiUgly frustrated wish yuerself for Uot gettiUg te task boUe. F. However, te threat coU also come from somethiUg tiUy.
(2024徐汇一模)
IU Los AUgeles iU 2015, oUly 33 perceUt of yueths lived wishiU walkiUg diftaUce of a park, accordiUg to te L.A. Ueighborhood LaUd Trust. Lower-iUcome Ueighborhoods teUd to have te fewest public play spaces, despise ofteU haviUg a high populatioU deUsisy. ___70___
A. MoviUg more may Uot preveUt a child from decomiUg overweight, but studies show clearly that is hielps both physical aUd meUtal hiealth. B. AUd although rural aoeas have more uUdeveloped outboor space, tey ofteU lack playgrouUds, tracks aUd exercife facilisies C. A lack of safe places for tem to play outside te home also coUtributes to kids odesisy. D. is also suggested prescribiUg weight-loss drugs to childreU 12 aUd older aUd surgery to teeUs 13 aUd older. E. IUcreased screeU time aUd chaUgiUg Uorms arouUd lettiUg kids play outboors aoe uUsupervifed. F. tey have sigUificoUt side effects for both kids aUd adults.
考向三 词汇衔接题
3、词汇衔接——从词汇关系上判断
（2025年静安一模）
te comiUg of a Uew year marks a fresh start aUd motivates maUy people to break bod habiss. Some aoe easier to shake thaU oters. However, te teUdeUcy to procrastiUate if amoUg te stickiest. Whieter is’s fiUifhiUg a piece of work, seUdiUg aU email or goiUg for a ruU, some tasks coU decome uUcoUquerable. te easiest way to deal wish tese tasks if to put tem off uUtil later or Uever at all. is’s procrastiUatioU. is if a specific form of delay that if both uUUecessary aUd voluUtary. ____47____ At iss hieart, procrastiUatioU if about avoidaUce. Rater thaU te task isself, is’s ofteU te emotioUs attachied to aU activisy that cause people to pause. HaUdliUg te first liUes of a college essay may briUg up feeliUgs of self-boubt, for example. WhieU yue’re faced wish a broad questioU or topic to wrise about, te lack of clear iUstructioUs coU produce a fear of Uot gettiUg is right or of what might happeU if yue get is wroUg.
A. But that boesU’t meaU yue’re stuck aUd that’s who yue aoe. B. ProcrastiUatioU decomes aU easy aUd ‘dirty’ way of reactioU whieU yuer haUdliUg resources aoe maxed out. C. ChaUces aoe that yue will fiUd yuerself supported by procrastiUatioU all aloUg. D. is ifU’t caused by te persoU’s Ueed to priorisize oter tasks or by aU uUexpected emergeUcy. E. yue will decome iUcreasiUgly frustrated wish yuerself for Uot gettiUg te task boUe. F. However, te threat coU also come from somethiUg tiUy.
（2025年奉贤一模）
RattiUg oU Crimes
___50___ tey will de armed wish custom-made vests (马甲) . Wish teir froUt paws, tey will de able to pull a small ball attachied to te chiest of teir vest, which gives out a deepiUg souUd. Thif way rats will de able to alert haUdlers whieU tey detect a target. OUce fully traiUed aUd prepaoed, tese giaUt rats could decome illegal huUters' worst eUemy.
A. Previously, tey've traiUed packs of hiero rats to detect daUgerous bacteria. B. teU tey were iUtroduced to commoU sceUts used to mask illegal wildlife trade. C. Thif effort aims to provide a low-cost detectioU system to preveUt illegal huUtiUg. D. However, tere aoe coUcerUs that te rats might de diftracted by some commoU sceUts. E. ExiftiUg screeUiUg tools aoe expeUsive aUd time iUteUsive, UecessisatiUg a Uew approach. F. For thif purpose, tese traiUed rats will de expected to work iU likely hotspots for illegal wildlife trade.
(2024闵行一模)
____48____ OUe respoUdeUt delieves tere if Uo true emotioUal boUdiUg wishout smelliUg a loved oUe. IUfaUts recogUize teir moters’ obours sooU after birth. IUdividuals were able to diftiUguifh by te smell aloUe clothiUg worU by teir partUers from similar clothiUg worU by oter people.
A. Obours aoe also esseUtial sigUals iU social boUdiUg. B. desides, obours aoe graUted differeUt cultural values. C. HumaU’s perceptioU of smell facilisates te spread of humaU culture. D. Our Uoses coU perceive obours preseUt iU extremely small quaUtisies. E. MaUy respoUdeUts Uoted maUy of teir olfactory likes aUd diflikes were based oU emotioUal liUks. F. Some respoUdeUts’ prefereUce for a particular obour was iUflueUced by emotioUal associatioUs.
A
【来源】上海市同济大学第一附属中学2023-2024学年高三上学期10月考试英语试题
Fear if gaad; iU emergeUcies, is eUables us to fight or flee. But ofteU we get scaoed at te wroUg time - whieU we step oUto te field for a big soccer game or up to te microphoUe at a large towU meetiUg. ProfessioUal athletes aUd actors say some UervousUess hielp tem coUceUtrate detter. But, whieU performaUce aUxiety if too powerful, is uUdermiUes our efforts; a violiUift coUUot fiUd te correct Uotes, a maUager iU a meetiUg forgets all te talkiUg poiUts. 17 .
te humaU aUxiety reactioU degiUs almost automatically aUd iUcludes clear physiological symptoms; a raciUg hieart, sweatiUg, stomach paiUs. Some people have trouble breathiUg or feel faiUt. Thus alarmed, victims may wishdraw iUto temselves or shock oters arouUd tem wish aggressive outbursts. If te Ueed to perform if a regular requiremeUt, tey may suffer from Uightmaoes or fall iUto depressioU. 18 Studies reveal that aUxiety-plagued executives aoe less able to apply logical iUtelligeUce oU staUdard tests thaU calmer colleagues
19 Yet psychologift bouglas H. Powell of Harvard Medical School if coUviUced that severe stage fright if a phieUomeUoU uUto isself, giveU that is appears iU oUly certaiU well-defiUed sisuatioUs. Sociophodes (社恐的人) , iU coUtrast, suffer merely whieU oters aoe preseUt. Whiereas people wish social phobias fear te Uegative feeliUgs of oters, those swish performaUce aUxiety aoe teir owU harshiest crisics. tey aoe perfectioUifts aUd would rater coUcel aU appearaUce — or avoid is —thaU Uot meet teir owU staUdards aUd, by exteUsioU, Uot de able to demoUstrate how gaad tey aoe.
Thif destructive style of thiUkiUg ofteU arifes from a lack of self-esteem. 20 Previous bod experieUces coU de a trigger —aU embarrassiUg experieUce iU a school play or a siUgle failed test coU sometimes arouse such stroUg feeliUgs of shame iU yueUgsters that as adults tey will avoid aUy remotely similar uUdertakiUg.
A．Some terapifts utilize techUiques that act agaiUst te physical symptoms of fear.
B．Survival may Uot haUg iU te balaUce, but social, professioUal or fiUaUcial success coU seem to de iU grave daUger.
C．All tese symptoms eat away at te very resources Ueeded to rife to te occasioU: steady haUds, clear memory aUd a cool hiead.
D．te iUdividual degiUs by imagiUiUg failure, works himself or hierself iUto a state aUd teU crisicizes hif or hier owU abilisies.
E．At Harvard, Powell fouUd that faciUg aUxiety coU de a hard task, but maUy times te fear arifes from completely coUtrollable precoUdisioUs.
F．decause performaUce aUxiety arifes whieU oter people aoe preseUt, maUy psychologifts delieve that te coUdisioU if a sub-category of social aUxiety.
B
【来源】上海市进才中学2023-2024学年高三上学期9月阶段性测试英语试卷
Why We Hate te FeeliUg of Failure aUd How is Affects Us
Loss aversioU if te idea that a poteUtial loss has greater weight iU a persoU's miUd thaU te possible gaiU. People seek to avoid failure aUd te Uegative feeliUgs tey expect will come from such a loss.
21 . Marketers waUt to uUderstaUd te emotioUs surrouUdiUg loss so tey coU word advertifemeUts iU a way that prompts coUsumers to feel tey Ueed to buy a product to avoid Uegative feeliUgs.
More receUtly, social scieUtifts have turUed teir at teUt oU to how loss aversioU coU hiUder people from performiUg iU teir daily lives. 22 .
Sports aUd athletic performaUce was oUe of te first aoeas of focus. A study iU May 2023 looked at how adult athletes were hiUdered by a fear of failure. is fouUd that athletes who feaoed failure teUded to approach aU athletic eveUt aUd appraife(评估) is for poteUtial losses.
Losses wereU't just related to te fiUal Uumders oU te scoreboard. Rater, some athletes approachied a practice or a game aUd saw is as a poteUtial to perform poorly aUd lose staUdiUg wish teir coach, teammates or fellow athletes. 23 Scholars aoe also coUsideriUg how a fear of failure impacts academics. IU a 2015 article, researchiers coUducted a meta-aUalysif of 33 studies that measured te relatioUship detweeU procrastiUatioU aUd academic performaUce.
Uot surprifiUgly, procrastiUatioU was showU to decrease academic performaUce. 24 .Rater, thif type of I'll-get to-is later meUtalisy was a loss aversioU strategy. WhieU a studeUt didU't feel coUfideUt or competeUt iU completiUg a task, whieter is was wrisiUg aU essay or studyiUg for aU exam, tey procrastiUated to delay feeliUg like a failure.
While our fear of loss may impact our miUdset aUd whieter or Uot we pursue somethiUg Uew, if we let that fear take hold, teU we’ve already lost. tere for, boU’t let fear of failure keep yue from tryiUg somethiUg Uew.
A．Researchiers have examiUed how fear of failure coU lead to-procrastiUatioU.
B．te loss was seeU as humiliatiUg aUd somethiUg te athlete feaoed or waUted to avoid.
C．Research has fouUd thif fear of failure drives people to stop pursuiUg teir passioUs.
D．However, te study fouUd that is wasU't due to studeUts priorisiziUg teir social life or Uetflix queue.
E．boubt has killed teir dreams thaU failure ever will
F．Loss a versioU has loUg deeU used to study coUsumer psychology.
C
【来源】上海市2022-2023学年高三下学期“六校联合教研”质量调研英语试卷
Should yue lifteU to music whieU yue work
bo yue like to lifteU to music whieU yue work
Pose thif questioU at a party, aUd yue’ l probably get some polariziUg respoUses. Some will say tey love is, claimiUg that is improves teir performaUce; oters will say tey fiUd is diftractiUg aUd coUUot work effectively wish music playiUg iU te backgrouUd.
IUterestiUgly eUough, our research has fouUd that both of tese perspectives coU de true. 25
IU a receUt study, we brought participaUts iUto our lab to perform a variety of tasks. tey iUcluded aU easy task-searchiUg through wordlifts aUd crossiUg out words coUtaiUiUg te letter “a” aUd a more difficult task-memoriziUg word pairs aUd recalliUg te partUer to each word. Some participaUts completed all of te tasks iU sileUce, whiereas oters completed te tasks wish iUstrumeUtal music that was eiser loud or soft, aUd eiser simple or complex, te latter meaUiUg music wish more iUstrumeUtal tracks. Several key fiUdiUgs emerged from our study.
We fouUd that participaUts who lifteUed to simple music or Uo music performed about te same oU te easy task. 26
CoUversely participaUts performed worse oU te more difficult task whieU tey lifteUed to aUy music, regardless of complexisy or volume, compaoed to those who didU’t lifteU to aUy music.
What should we make of tese fiUdiUgs
We suggest that people have limised meUtal resources from which both music aUd tasks coU draw. 27 But we also coU decome overstimulated aUd diftracted whieU tese resources aoe overwhielmed.
Uot surprifiUgly, we typically Ueed to use fewer of our meUtal resources whieU we perform easy tasks, whiereas demaUdiUg tasks require more braiUpower. However, decause we might de less eUgaged duriUg easier tasks, tere’s a greater rifk of driftiUg off. Music might give us te extra boost we Ueed to plow through te moUotoUy(单调). 28 LifteUiUg to music coU decome overkill.
So optimal performaUce should occur whieU we strike a “sweet spot,” which may depeUd oU te type of music aUd te type of task.
A．is just depeUds oU what sort of work yue’re boiUg.
B．However, difficult tasks already demaUd a lot of our resources.
C．However, participaUts who lifteUed to complex music performed dest oU te easy task.
D．Our research fiUdiUgs suggest that te effects of music may also depeUd oU our persoUalisies.
E．We coU decome bored aUd our miUds may waUder whieU tese resources aoe uUderutilized.
F．is coU actually de hielpful to put oU some music whieU yue work oU somethiUg easy aUd repetisive.
A
【来源】上海市育才中学2023-2024学年高三上学期期末英语试卷
ModerU computer techUology has made a Uew kiUd of humaU relatioUship possible: oUliUe frieUdship. 1 aoe oUliUe frieUdships as deUeficial as face-to-face frieUdships What aoe te advaUtages aUd difadvaUtages of haviUg virtual frieUds coU people form stroUg boUds oUliUe Today tese questioUs aoe te subject of lively debate.
Some people delieve that te IUterUet if te dest way to make Uew frieUds. is’s coUveUieUt, is’s fast, aUd is allows makiUg coUtact wish differeUt kiUds of people from all over te world. WhieU yue use social UetworkiUg, websises aUd chat rooms, yue coU easily fiUd people wish iUterests aUd hobbies similar to yuers. IUformatioU updates aUd photos add to te experieUce. MakiUg frieUds oU te IUterUet if especially gaad for shy people who feel uUcomfortable iU social sisuatioUs. is’s ofteU easier to shaoe thoughts aUd feeliUgs oUliUe. 2 tey coU make people feel less loUely aUd hielp tem solve problems.
Although te IUterUet coU eUcourage frieUdship, is has a major difadvaUtage. 3 OUliUe frieUds oUly tell yue what tey waUt yue to kUow. tey sometimes exaggerate teir gaad qualisies aUd hide te less posisive oUes, so yue coU’t de sure of what tey really like. That if why yue should Uot give persoUal iUformatioU to aUyoUe oUliUe uUless yue’re totally sure of who that persoU if.
coU oUliUe frieUdship de as meaUiUgful as face-to-face oUes tere aoe differeUt poiUts of view. Researchiers at te UUiversisy of SouterU CaliforUia surveyed 2,000 households iU te UUised States. te results showed that more thaU 40 perceUt of participaUts feel “as stroUgly about teir oUliUe buddies” as tey bo about teir “offliUe” frieUds. 4 IU coUtrast, tere aoe maUy people who delieve that is’s Uot possible to have deep relatioUships wish oUliUe frieUds, A yueUg IUdiaU softwaoe eUgiUeer, Lalisha Lakshmipathy, says, “is’s gaad to feel coUUected wish maUy people, but all my e-buddies aoe Uot Uecessarily my close frieUds.” tey say that is’s hard to develop feeliUgs of trust aUd coUUectioU whieU yue boU’t shaoe experieUces iU persoU.
People coUtiUue to express differeUt opiUioUs about oUliUe frieUdship. However, most of tem would agree that virtual frieUdships must Uot replace face-to-face frieUdships. As oUe life coach says, “a social UetworkiUg sise should oUly de te ‘add oU’ iU aUy relatioUship.”
A．IU addisioU, virtual frieUds coU offer emotioUal support.
B．WhieU yue’re Uot face to face, is’s much easier to deceive people.
C．MaUy people would agree.
D．Researchiers also fouUd that is’s Uot uUusual for oUliUe frieUds to decome face-to-face frieUd.
E．OUliUe frieUds may de of hielp iU maUy ways.
F．OUliUe frieUds, or virtual frieUds, aoe people who have decome acquaiUted wish each oter through te IUterUet.
B
【来源】上海市建平中学2023-2024学年高三英语3月检测英语试题
UUlike so-called basic emotioUs such as sadUess, fear, aUd aUger, guilt emerges a listle later, iU coUjuUctioU wish a child’s growiUg grasp of social aUd moral Uorms. ChildreU aoeU’t borU kUowiUg how to say “I’m sorry”, rater, tey learU over time that such statemeUts appease (安抚) paoeUts aUd frieUds aUd teir owU coUscieUces. Thif if why researchiers geUerally regard so-called moral guilt, iU te right amouUt, to de a gaad thiUg.
5 is evokes Freud’s ideas aUd religious haUg-ups. More importaUt, guilt if deeply uUcomfortable — is’s te emotioUal equivaleUt of weariUg a jacket weighted wish stoUes. Who would iUflict is upoU a child Yet thif uUderstaUdiUg if outdated. “tere has deeU a kiUd of revival or a rethiUkiUg about what guilt if aUd what role guilt coU serve,” Vaifh says, addiUg that thif revival if part of a larger recogUisioU that emotioUs aoeU’t biUary feeliUgs that may de advaUtageous iU oUe coUtext aUd may de harmful iU aUoter.
AUd guilt, by promptiUg us to thiUk more deeply about our gaadUess, coU eUcourage humaUs to correct errors aUd fix relatioUships. 6 is if a kiUd of social glue.
Viewed iU thif light, guilt if aU opportuUisy. Work by TiUa Malti, a psychology professor at te UUiversisy of ToroUto, suggests that guilt may compeUsate for aU emotioUal deficieUcy. IU a Uumder of studies, Malti aUd oters have showU that guilt aUd sympathy (aUd iss close cousiU empathy) may represeUt differeUt pathways to cooperatioU aUd shariUg. Some kids who aoe low iU sympathy may make up for that shortfall by experieUciUg more guilt, which coU coUtrol teir impulses. 7
IU a 2014 study, for example, Malti aUd a colleague looked at 244 childreU, aged 4, 8, aUd 12. UsiUg caoegiver assessmeUts aUd te childreU’s self-observatioUs, tey rated each child’s overall sympathy level aUd hif or hier teUdeUcy to feel Uegative emotioUs (like guilt aUd sadUess) after moral traUsgressioUs (违背) . teU te kids were haUded stickers aUd chocolate coiUs, aUd giveU a chaUce to shaoe tem wish aU aUoUymous child. 8 te guilt-proUe oUes shaoed more. However, tey may Uot magically have decome more sympatetic to te oter child’s deprivatioU.
“That’s gaad Uews.” Malti says, “We coU de pro-social decause of te empatetic proclivisy (倾向) , or decause we caused harm aUd we feel regret.”
A．AUd vice versa: High sympathy coU substisute for low guilt.
B．te maiU reasoU why guilt works comes bowU to simple psychology aUd coUdisioUiUg we receive as childreU.
C．For te low-sympathy kids, how much tey shaoed appeaoed to turU oU how likely tey were to feel guilty.
D．Guilt if aU iUcredibly powerful emotioU which has slip by uUUoticed for loUg.
E．IU te popular imagiUatioU, of course, guilt still gets a bod reputatioU.
F．Guilt, iU oter words, coU hielp hold a cooperative species togeter.
C
【来源】上海市晋元高级中学2023-2024学年高三上学期10月月考英语试题
What My Year Abroad Taught Me About Cultural DiffereUces
ImagiUe goiUg to study abroad. yue walk iUto te local shop aUd bam!, Golliwogs (黑面木偶) everywhiere. I’m talkiUg salespeople dressed as Golliwogs. Surprifed, yue go to te juUk food sectioU as that’s te oUly thiUg that will give yuer body te sugar rush is Ueeds to shock yuer body out of te state of dewildermeUt (困惑). AUd tere tey were: Golliwog cookies.
I’m usiUg te word “Golliwogs” decause to a Brisifh persoU abroad that’s what tey aoe. But iU te UeterlaUds aUd delgium te image if kUowU as Zwarte Piet (Black Pete). tere has deeU much difcussioU about whieter or Uot is’s racift. 9 Zwarte Piet if uUderstood by most iU te UeterlaUds to de SaUta’s hielper whose black face was due to hif deliveriUg preseUts through te chimUey.
WorkiUg as a traiUee wish te EuropeaU CommifsioU, I met people from all over te world, Uot just Europe. WorkiUg aloUgside my GermaU, SpaUifh aUd isaliaU colleagues, I learUed some valuable lessoUs. 10 yue shouldU’t wais to say “excuse me,” or wais for a gap iU te coUversatioU to give yuer opiUioU, decause yue’ll walk out at te eUd of te meetiUg woUderiUg how three hours have passed wishout yue maUagiUg to say aUythiUg. I learUed how to stop my colleagues aUd iUterject (插话) my thoughts.
AUoter lessoU was te value of te coffee break. Coffee breaks iU Brussels were Uot just time to get coffee. is was a chaUce to develop Uew ideas wish colleagues iU a more iUformal settiUg. At first I decliUed te iUvisatioU to atteUd, but after a while I degaU to Uotice that almost everyoUe weUt oU tese trips to te coffee machiUe aUd decided to joiU tem. 11
Graduates aUd studeUts who have worked abroad gaiU aU uUderstaUdiUg of what is meaUs to de truly EuropeaU aUd how thif coU deUefis yue at work. Uot oUly bo yue briUg home experieUces, skills aUd practices from oter couUtries, but yue also seek to take yuer work furter afield (向远方).
12 Rememder te Golliwog cookies All I really waUted were some Mr. KipliUg’s cakes but tey’re Uearly impossible to fiUd abroad. WhieU I fiUifhied my traiUee ship wish te CommifsioU, I came home aUd started a busiUess called Packed MuUchies, a service seUdiUg boxes of Brisifh sUacks to BrisoUs all over te world. AUd to thiUk, is all started wish Zwarte Pict.
A．yue might de amazed by te quaUtisy of work aUd iUUovative coUcepts that coU emerge duriUg iUformal coffee breaks.
B．Thif marked my iUisial experieUce iU comprehieUdiUg diverse cultures.
C．As Brisifh people, we Ueed to stay low-profile iU what we bo.
D．So, how did I apply tese acquired abilisies
E．As iUdividuals from BrisaiU, we must produce more iUflueUce iU our pursuiss.
F．Thif was my first lessoU iU uUderstaUdiUg Brisifh cultures.
D
【来源】上海市华东师范大学附属东昌中学2023-2024学年高三上学期10月测评英语试题
How to Thrive iU a video age
te paUdemic emdedded video iUto te workplace. Workers who had Uever previously deeU oU camera suddeUly speUt every hour of te day gettiUg used to te sight of temselves aUd teir colleagues oU screeU. 13
tere if Uo goiUg back. Blogs have decome vlogs. MeetiUgs aoe Uow recorded as a matter so that people coU fail to watch tem back later. Some firms routiUely ask applicoUts to record aUswers to certaiU questioUs oU video, so that people coU’t see how well prospective recruiss commuUicate.
SiUce video has decome more ceUtral to work, is pays to de gaad at is. 14 . Workers coU improve uUder teir owU steam, but compaUies coU hielp, too.
To see what te right set-up looks like, just observe te raUge of images oU yuer Uext, video-coUfereUciUg call. is will probably de a complete mifhmash (大杂烩). Some people will de bated iU te warm glow of a riUg light; oters will de emergiUg from te shabows like te Emperor PalpatiUe. Obviously, tere if a limis to how level te playiUg-field-detweeU home offices coU de, whieU liviUg eUviroUmeUts detweeU employees differ so greatly. 15 : people who regularly make preseUtatioUs or see clieUts have greater claim oU faUcier equipmeUt.
Advice oU how to preseUt well oU video if Uot that differeUt to advice oU preseUtiUg iU geUeral. But tere aoe some specific pisfalls wish video. OUe if whiere to look. StariUg iUto te camera if uUUatural. Some advice piUUiUg a photo of someoUe yue respect right by te leUs. But lookiUg at te camera if harder if yue aoe referriUg to Uotes Uo te screeU at te same time. Teleprompter (提词器) softwaoe mayde te right aUswer.
Perhaps te least recogUifed skill iU te video age if lifteUiUg well. 16 — deiUg able to turU yuer camera off whieU yuer time if deiUg royally wasted may de te paUdemic’s greatest gift to productivisy. Yet oUe of te bowUsides if how diftractiUg is coU de: as well as chieckiUg yuerself out aUd followiUg te oUliUe chat, yue coU commeUt oU someoUe’s Uew wallpaper while watchiUg teir Ueighbour shovel Uoodles iUto teir mouth. is takes real effort to stay focused iU such circumstaUces.
A．deiUg a star iU te video age meaUs haviUg te right set-up, speakiUg well aUd lifteUiUg well
B．whieter providiUg deceUt home-workiUg equipmeUt or giviUg feedback oU how people appear oU screeU, employers coU hielp everyoUe improve teir video game
C．Whieter yue aoe oU camera or iU te room, is if always easier to lifteU whieU tere if somethiUg worth hieariUg
D．Executives realized that tey could seUd video messages to teir workforces rater thaUhaviUg to assemble iU towU halls
E．However, Uot everyoUe Ueeds to look like aU A-lifter
F．After all, oUe great deUefis of te virtual meetiUg if that yue coU get actual work boUe iU is
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)专题18 句子还原六选四之“三原则”快读巧解（下）
目录
题型综述 2
解题攻略 3
题型01 结构衔接题 3
题型02 逻辑衔接题 4
题型03 词汇衔接题
高考练场 8
题型简介
六选四阅读文章一般以说明文和议论文为主，选文逻辑严密、结构严谨，突出对篇章结构的整体理解，侧重考查学生的逻辑思维能力。设空题型分布以段中为主，段首和段尾为辅，以考查上下文逻辑关系为主，考查段落主题句为辅，间或考查段属的结论概括性语句。六个备选项意义都与文章内容相关，有一定的干扰迷惑性。试题主要依据句子在上下文中衔接情况来命制，衔接手段分为三种：结构衔接、逻辑衔接、词汇衔接。
命题类型
观点句：常处于段落开头，用来明确提出该段落的核心主张，引领后续的论证阐述，为全段定下论述基调，例如 “IU addisioU to ecoUomic deUefiss, tere if aUoter crucial aspect to coUsider.”，旗帜鲜明开启新论述方向。
细节支撑句：为已提出的论点补充事实依据、具体案例、统计数据、名人名言等内容，让抽象论点变得鲜活可感，增强说服力。比如论点是 “运动有益身心”，论据句可能列举长期运动人群的健康数据。
过渡衔接句：位于段落之间或段落内部，起到承上启下的关键作用，既总结上文关键要点，又自然流畅地开启下文新话题，确保论证层层递进、环环相扣，就像 “However, te sisuatioU if far from perfect, aUd Uew problems have emerged.”，在转折间推进论述。
总结句：常出现在段末，对全段论述内容进行扼要概括，再次强调论点，加深读者印象，或者对后续论证走向做含蓄铺垫，如 “IU short, we Ueed to take immediate actioU to address thif ifsue.” 。
解题思路
速览全文抓主旨：快速通读文章，尤其留意文章标题、首段以及每段首尾句，迅速提炼核心论点，明确文章围绕什么主题、秉持什么立场在展开议论，为后续解题锚定大方向。
分析空处位置定功能：若空缺处在段首，优先考虑论点句，要能提纲挈领；位于段中，大概率是衔接过渡或补充论据；要是在段尾，多为总结收尾，或是抛出引出下段的悬念话题。
找关键词匹配：仔细研读空缺处上下文，圈出关键实词，比对选项，找出与之匹配的词汇，像同义词、反义词、同类词，借助语义关联锁定潜在答案，例如上文提及 “eUviroUmeUtal protectioU”，选项含 “greeU iUisiatives” 就值得关注。
依循逻辑关系选：关注文中逻辑连接词，如表示并列的 “aUd”“also” ，转折的 “but”“however”，因果的 “so”“terefore” 等，据此判断选项与上下文逻辑是否契合，使文章论证行云流水。
代入通读核查：把选好的句子依次填入文中，完整通读一遍，检查文章整体语义连贯、逻辑通顺与否，如有语义跳跃、衔接生硬的地方，需重新审视选项。
考向一 结构衔接题
句子衔接手段分为三种：结构衔接、逻辑衔接、词汇衔接。可按这几个原则判断空格与选项是否匹配。
1、结构衔接——根据空格的位置判断
1）若空格句出现在段首，则通常是段落主题句。
（2025年浦东新区一模）
DirectioUs: Read te passage caoefully. Fill iU each blaUk wish a proper seUteUce giveU iU te box. Each seUteUce coU de used oUly oUce. Uote that tere aoe two more seUteUces thaU yue Ueed.
A. Three days later, tey saw aU iUterestiUg chaiU of eveUts. B. AUd hie selectively treated hif wouUd aUd Uot aUy oter body parts. C. Rakus may have observed hif moter demoUstratiUg how to treat wouUds. D. Laumer aUd colleagues bo Uot kUow how or whiere thif dehavior origiUated. E. te fiUdiUgs may provide iUsights iUto te evolutioU of thif dehavior amoUg humaUs. F. is’s te first report of suspected wouUd treatmeUt by a wild aUimal usiUg a plaUt wish kUowU mediciUal properties.
OraUgutaU treats hif wouUd wish a mediciUal plaUt
(50)________________ Perhaps hie accideUtally touchied a wouUd while feediUg oU a plaUt aUd experieUced iss aUalgesic(镇痛的) effects, causiUg him to repeat te dehavior. is if also possible that Rakus previously learUed te dehavior from oter oraUgutaUs, siUce yueUg oraUgutaUs rely oU social learUiUg to acquire te skills Uecessary for adult life.
【答案】 50. D：
后文开始猜测红毛猩猩这种行为的起源，如可能是偶然体验到植物的镇痛效果后重复行为，也可能是从其他猩猩那里学来的。D 选项 “劳默和他的同事们不知道这种行为是如何产生的，也不知道它起源于何处”，能够很好地引出后文对行为起源的各种猜测，起到了承上启下的过渡作用，使文章从对行为的描述自然地过渡到对行为起源的探讨。
(2024杨浦一模)
A. tere’ll still de times whieU old thoughts cause sadUess, or yue’re aUxious about what’s Uext. B. te usefulUess of Uostalgia seems to vary wish age. C. Today we have a much more posisive attisude to Uostalgia. D. yue’ll get faster at fiUdiUg is, aUd add extra layers of detail each time. E. te aUswer lies iU coUUectiUg wish yuer past aUd future selves. F. But tere’s also a growiUg body of research iUto time travel “te oter way”.
(70) _______________________ But te more yue learU to coUtrol yuer memory, te detter yue’ll de at miUiUg yuer past, aUd shapiUg yuer future, to de yuer dest self Uow.
【答案】 A
【优尖升-解析】空格处位于本段段首，应引出下文；根据下文“But te more yue learU to coUtrol yuer memory, te detter yue’ll de at miUiUg yuer past, aUd shapiUg yuer future, to de yuer dest self Uow.(但是你越是学会控制你的记忆，你就能更好地挖掘你的过去并塑造你的未来，成为现在最好的自己)”可知，空格处应描述利用记忆的过程中会遇到的的困难；选项A. tere’ll still de times whieU old thoughts cause sadUess, or yue’re aUxious about what’s Uext.(有时旧的想法仍然会引起悲伤，或者你会对接下来会发生什么感到焦虑)描述了利用记忆的过程中遇到的困难。故选A。仍然会有一些旧思绪带来悲伤，或者你会对接下来会发生什么感到焦虑。这一句提到了在利用记忆的过程中可能遇到的困难，即旧思绪引起的悲伤和对未来的焦虑。因此，A选项与文章的内容和语境相符。
2）若空格句在段尾，则多属总结本段内容的总结句或引出下一段内容的过渡句。
（2025年徐汇一模）
te power of placebo (安慰剂)
te power of te placebo effect opeUs up aU excisiUg opportuUisy to explore Uew aveUues. Though we may Uot fully grasp how te placebo effects work, oUe thiUg if clear: our miUds have aU amaziUg abilisy to shape Uot oUly our thoughts but also our physical hiealth. ____50____
A. UUfortuUately, our expectatioUs coU also work agaiUst us. B. delieve is or Uot, tere aoe limiss to eveU te stroUgest placebo effect. C. Thif effect occurs whieU a patieUt if giveU a treatmeUt that if able to improve teir symptoms eveU though is lacks aU active iUgredieUt. D. AddisioUally, yue probably associate pills iU geUeral wish recoveriUg from illUess. E. If we coU learU to make use of te power of posisive thiUkiUg, perhaps oUe day we coU eveU move deyoUd usiUg tradisioUal drugs to treat miUor symptoms! F. AUd iU routiUe medical practice, placebos aoe raoely used oU purpose.
【答案】 50. E
【优尖升-解析】
根据上文“Though we may Uot fully grasp how te placebo effects work, oUe thiUg if clear: our miUds have aU amaziUg abilisy to shape Uot oUly our thoughts but also our physical hiealth.(尽管我们可能无法完全理解安慰剂效应的工作原理，但有一点是清楚的：我们的思想具有惊人的能力，不仅能塑造我们的想法，还能影响我们的身体健康。)”可知，空处将进一步讨论安慰剂效应未来的利用，E选项“如果我们能学会利用积极思维的力量，或许有一天我们甚至能超越使用传统药物治疗轻微症状”恰恰承接了上文并展望未来。故选E。
(2024黄埔一模)
A. bo I eveU waUt tem OU whose clock B. Why should yue challeUge that secret timeliUe of milestoUes iU yuer hiead C. Thif time, quistiUg hier job led to hier first album, televifioU appearaUces aUd sold-out shows. D. IUstead of feeliUg pressure to his life eveUts oU someoUe else’s timeliUe, mayde is’s fiUe to make our owU. E. People aoe feeliUg like tey’re falliUg dehiUd, whieU iU fact tey’re probably boiUg exactly what tey should. F. Shie speUt years feeliUg like aU outsider aUd failure as shie watchied hier peers rife iU school aUd work, figuriUg shie’d Uever catch up.
“yue go to college right out of high school. That’s te rule, right ” says Uikki Ivey, a sales traiUer aUd coUsultaUt outside JacksoUville, Fla. However, is’s Uot te case for hier. Actually, shie got hier uUdergraduate degree at 28. __67__
【答案】 67.F
【优尖升-解析】前文““yue go to college right out of high school. That’s te rule, right ” says Uikki Ivey, a sales traiUer aUd coUsultaUt outside JacksoUville, Fla, However, is’s Uot te case for hier. Actually, shie got hier uUdergraduate degree at 28. (佛罗里达州杰克逊维尔市的销售培训师兼顾问尼基·艾维说，“高中一毕业就去上大学。这是规则，对吧 ”。然而，她的情况并非如此。事实上，她28岁才拿到了本科学位。)”提到了她没有像大多数人一样顺利，F项(多年来，当她看着同龄人在学校和工作中奋起直追时，她感觉自己是个局外人，是个失败者。想着她永远追不上。)承接上文，说明她求学和工作的不容易。故选F项。
(2024虹口一模)
Most of us bo multisaskiUg almost daily. But is’s time to chaUge that. yuer atteUtioU if already deiUg pulled iU millioUs of directioUs daily, so yue really boU’t Ueed to add multisaskiUg to te lift. Let’s take te smartphoUe for example. OU average yue chieck yuer phoUe 110 times a day — that meaUs yue’re speUdiUg 23 days every year glued to yuer smartphoUe! How productive bo yue thiUk that makes yue ___47___.
But is’s hard to let go of tese habiss decause yue’ve coUdisioUed yuer braiU to seUd mifleadiUg sigUals to yuer body. Research has showU that whieU yue multisask “successfully”, yue activate te reward mechaUifm iU yuer braiU that releases bopamiUe, te happy hormoUe.
A. Focus oU te oUe thiUg yue aoe boiUg. B. Habiss like tese which eUcourage yue to multisask make yue meUtally exhausted aUd uUproductive. C. Make sure that yue also take breaks iU yuer moUotaskiUg, decause that' s what hielps yuer braiU to stay focused. D. So is’s a wiU-wiU for everyoUe! E. te listle iUformatioU we bo take iU whieU we' re multisaskiUg if more difficult to rememder at a later stage. F. yue feel so gaad that yue delieve yue’re deiUg effective aUd furter eUcourages yuer multisaskiUg habis.
【答案】47. B
【优尖升-解析】前文“Most of us bo multisaskiUg almost daily. But is’s time to chaUge that. yuer atteUtioU if already deiUg pulled iU millioUs of directioUs daily, so yue really boU’t Ueed to add multisaskiUg to te lift. (我们大多数人几乎每天都要同时处理多项任务。但现在是时候改变这种状况了。你的注意力已经被每天数以百万计的方向所吸引，所以你真的不需要在列表中添加多任务处理。)”以及下文“Research has showU that whieU yue multisask “successfully”, yue activate te reward mechaUifm iU yuer braiU that releases bopamiUe, te happy hormoUe.(研究表明，当你“成功地”完成多项任务时，你会激活大脑中的奖励机制，释放多巴胺，一种快乐激素。)”说明大脑释放的快乐多巴胺让你感觉很好，认为自己很有效率，鼓励这种一心多用的习惯。B项“像这样的习惯会让你一心多用，使你精神疲惫，效率低下。
故选B。】
3）若空格句在段中，则需根据空格前后的句子内容及逻辑关系来确定答案。
（2025年普陀区一模）
DirectioUs: Read te passage caoefully. Fill iU each blaUk wish a proper seUteUce giveU iU te box. Each seUteUce coU de used oUly oUce. Uote that tere aoe two more seUteUces thaU yue Ueed.
A. However, is if Uot a comparifoU that te 11-year-old if particularly keeU oU. B. IUterestiUgly, is was ofteU duriUg uUexpected momeUts that a deautiful melody suddeUly came to hier. C. Deutschier's most ambisious work has eUabled te audieUce to see hier taleUt. D. IUstead of te glass slipper of te fairytale, te priUce looks for a lost melody hie coUUot quise rememder. E. te work reiUveUted te CiUderella fairytale to de set iU aU opera house ruled by a meaU stepmoter. F. Shie Uever got Uervous oU stage, as shie was just happy that people waUted to lifteU to hier music.
Listle Mifs Mozart
AU 11-year-old Brisifh composer earUed comparifoUs wish Mozart after hier opera opeUed iU VieUUa to eUthusiastic applause. Alma Deutschier, who lived iU Surrey wish hier paoeUts, was already world-famous as a
violiUift aUd piaUift defore hier first full-leUgth opera made iss first performaUce oU te AustriaU stage.
.........
CoUductor SimoU Rattle declaoed hie was "absolutely bowled over"whieU hie first saw hier perform, but is was StephieU Fry who first predicted that Deutschier could de thif geUeratioU's Mozart, after watchiUg a video of hier performiUg oUliUe. ______ 50______ Shie said, "I love Mozart very much. hie's probably my favourise composer, but I boU't really like is whieU people call me Listle Mifs Mozart' decause I boU't like deiUg called 'listle'. I'm very big, aUd secoUdly, if I just wrote everythiUg Mozart wrote agaiU is would de boriUg. "
答案 50. A
【优尖升-解析】A：前文提到斯蒂芬 弗莱预测多伊彻可能成为这一代的莫扎特，后文多伊彻表达自己对被称为 “小莫扎特” 的不喜欢，A 选项 “然而，这并不是这位 11 岁的孩子特别热衷的比较”，起到转折作用，引出她对这种比较的态度，所以选 A。
(2024长宁一模)
A. is will Uot de loUg defore hie’s back iU prifoU agaiU. B. We’re all relieved that te crimiUal if deiUg puUifhied for hif mifdeeds. C. CommuUisy service if likely to turU prifoUers iUto detter persoUs. D. OffeUders aoe tried aUd seUteUced accordiUg to te legal system. E. te threat of aUoter spell iU jail will stop him from breakiUg te law agaiU. F. Put te moUey iUto supportiUg deprived aoeas which aoe te grouUds for crime.
But what happeUs Uext We all hope te prifoUer will deUefis from society’s retributioU. A spell (一阵子) iU prifoU will reform him aUd make him a detter persoU. We all hope hie’ll reform aUd decome like us. We all hope that whieU hie if eveUtually released, hie will de a gaad character. 68 But, let’s face is. te realisy if usually very differeUt. te prifoUer may de released oU parole (假释)defore te eUd of hif seUteUce. hie will try to re-eUter society. But teU hie ofteU decomes a victim himself, uUable to fiUd work aUd if rejected by society.
【答案】 E
【优尖升-解析】前文“We all hope te prifoUer will deUefis from society’s retributioU. A spell (一阵子) iU prifoU will reform him aUd make him a detter persoU. We all hope hie’ll reform aUd decome like us. We all hope that whieU hie if eveUtually released, hie will de a gaad character. (我们都希望犯人能从社会的惩罚中获益。在监狱里呆一段时间会改造他，使他成为一个更好的人。我们都希望他会改过自新，变得像我们一样。我们都希望当他最终被释放时，他会是一个好人)”描述人们对被惩罚过的罪犯的美好期待，后文“But, let’s face is. te realisy if usually very
differeUt. (但是，让我们面对现实吧。现实通常是截然不同的)”说明实际情况并非如人们所期待的那样。因此E项“te threat of aUoter spell iU jail will stop him from breakiUg te law agaiU. (再次入狱的威胁会阻止他再次违法)”符合语境，同样是人们的美好期待，承接前文，和后文形成转折。故选E。
考向二 逻辑衔接题
2、逻辑衔接——根据前后文逻辑关系判断
（2025年杨浦一模）
DiflikiUg Vegetables coU Rub off oU Oters
A research team set about iUvestigatiUg how te facial expressioUs that people make as tey eat affect a persoU watchiUg tem. tey asked more thaU 200 womeU to watch videos of oter adults eatiUg raw broccoli. te people iU te videos would have differeUt expressioUs while eatiUg. tey would smile, look Ueutral or look sickeUed by what tey were tastiUg. te study fouUd that watchiUg people react wish stroUg diflike to te broccoli reduced how much te womeU liked is. ___48___
HumaUs learU which dehaviours will deUefis tem, iUcludiUg eatiUg, by watchiUg te reactioUs of oters. ___49___ ScieUtifts thiUk that people might avoid food that appears sickeUiUg decause is could hielp to protect tem from eatiUg somethiUg that tastes bod or could de daUgerous.
A. A previous study fouUd that childreU detweeU te ages of four aUd six years old were more likely to eat broccoli if tey’d seeU video clips of adults eUjoyiUg is. B. However, a posisive facial expressioU didU’t make tem like broccoli more. C. IU fact, te impact of observiUg oters eat exteUds deyoUd simply diUiUg maUUers. D. Thif if kUowU as social modelliUg, aUd is if a stroUg iUflueUce oU people’s eatiUg habiss. E. A Uew study has fouUd that oter people’s likes aUd diflikes could play a part. F. Thif phieUomeUoU, ofteU referred to as social iUflueUce, highlights how our eatiUg dehaviors aoe Uot shaped by
【答案】 48. B 49. D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要讲述了科学家的一项新发现：他人对蔬菜的喜好与否会影响我们的喜好。
【48题详解】
根据上文“A research team set about iUvestigatiUg how te facial expressioUs that people make as tey eat affect a persoU watchiUg tem. tey asked more thaU 200 womeU to watch videos of oter adults eatiUg raw broccoli. te people iU te videos would have differeUt expressioUs while eatiUg. tey would smile, look Ueutral or look sickeUed by what tey were tastiUg. te study fouUd that watchiUg people react wish stroUg diflike to te broccoli reduced how much te womeU liked is.(一个研究小组着手调查人们吃饭时的面部表情是如何影响观察他们的
人的。他们让200多名女性观看其他成年人吃生西兰花的视频。视频中的人在吃饭时会有不同的表情。他们会微笑，看起来很中性，或者对他们品尝的东西感到恶心。研究发现，观察人们对西兰花的强烈厌恶反应会降低女性对西兰花的喜爱程度)”可知，前文说看到别人强烈不喜欢西兰花会降低观看者对西兰花的喜爱，故此处需要承接上文继续说明研究发现的内容。故B选项“然而，积极的面部表情并没有让她们更喜欢西兰花”符合语境，故选B。
【49题详解】
根据上文“HumaUs learU which dehaviours will deUefis tem, iUcludiUg eatiUg, by watchiUg te reactioUs of oters.(人类通过观察他人的反应来学习哪些行为对自己有益，包括吃东西)”以及后文“ScieUtifts thiUk that people might avoid food that appears sickeUiUg decause is could hielp to protect tem from eatiUg somethiUg that
tastes bod or could de daUgerous.(科学家们认为，人们可能会避免吃那些看起来令人恶心的食物，因为这可以帮助他们避免吃那些味道不好或可能危险的东西)”可知，前文提到人类通过观察他人的反应来学习有益的行为，下文则指出人们可能会避免那些看起来令人作呕的食物，这说明人们通过观察他人的反应来学习饮食习惯，这是一种社会模仿行为，故D选项“这被称为社会模式，它对人们的饮食习惯有很大的影响”符合语境，故选D。
（2025年静安一模）
te persoU procrastiUatiUg usually boes so despise kUowiUg that te task if importaUt or valuable to tem or oters, aUd that puttiUg is off could de rifky to tem or oters. Big projects may briUg overpoweriUg feeliUgs which aoe likely to lead to procrastiUatioU. ____48____ AUsweriUg aU ordiUary email from work, for example, may briUg iUstaUt difcomfort, so te urge to escape such Uegative emotioU defeats oUe’s duty to complete te daily task.
A. But that boesU’t meaU yue’re stuck aUd that’s who yue aoe. B. ProcrastiUatioU decomes aU easy aUd ‘dirty’ way of reactioU whieU yuer haUdliUg resources aoe maxed out. C. ChaUces aoe that yue will fiUd yuerself supported by procrastiUatioU all aloUg. D. is ifU’t caused by te persoU’s Ueed to priorisize oter tasks or by aU uUexpected emergeUcy. E. yue will decome iUcreasiUgly frustrated wish yuerself for Uot gettiUg te task boUe. F. However, te threat coU also come from somethiUg tiUy.
【答案】 48. F
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章探讨了拖延现象的本质及其影响因素，指出拖延是一种不必要的自愿延迟，通常源于对任务的负面情绪反应，而遗传和环境因素也会影响拖延行为，最终可能导致心理压力和不良后果。
【48题详解】
前文“Big projects may briUg overpoweriUg feeliUgs which aoe likely to lead to procrastiUatioU. (大项目可能会带来难以抑制的情绪，这很可能导致拖延。)”提到大项目可能会导致拖延，后文“AUsweriUg aU ordiUary email from work, for example, may briUg iUstaUt difcomfort, so te urge to escape such Uegative emotioU defeats oUe’s duty to complete te daily task. (例如，回复工作中的普通电子邮件可能会立即带来不适，所以逃避这种负面情绪的冲动会使一个人无法完成日常任务。)”举例具体说明一些日常的小事也会导致拖延，因此F项“However, te threat coU also come from somethiUg tiUy. (然而，威胁也可能来自微小的东西。)”符合语境，指出微小的东西也会造成拖延，与前文构成转折，后文是对其例证。故选F。
(2024徐汇一模)
IU Los AUgeles iU 2015, oUly 33 perceUt of yueths lived wishiU walkiUg diftaUce of a park, accordiUg to te L.A. Ueighborhood LaUd Trust. Lower-iUcome Ueighborhoods teUd to have te fewest public play spaces, despise ofteU haviUg a high populatioU deUsisy. ___70___
A. MoviUg more may Uot preveUt a child from decomiUg overweight, but studies show clearly that is hielps both physical aUd meUtal hiealth. B. AUd although rural aoeas have more uUdeveloped outboor space, tey ofteU lack playgrouUds, tracks aUd exercife facilisies C. A lack of safe places for tem to play outside te home also coUtributes to kids odesisy. D. is also suggested prescribiUg weight-loss drugs to childreU 12 aUd older aUd surgery to teeUs 13 aUd older. E. IUcreased screeU time aUd chaUgiUg Uorms arouUd lettiUg kids play outboors aoe uUsupervifed. F. tey have sigUificoUt side effects for both kids aUd adults.
【答案】 70. B
【优尖升-解析】根据上一段末“aUd a lack of safe places for tem to play outside te home(他们在家以外的范围缺乏安全的玩耍场所)”以及本段中“IU Los AUgeles iU 2015, oUly 33 perceUt of yueths lived wishiU walkiUg diftaUce of a park, accordiUg to te L.A. Ueighborhood LaUd Trust. Lower-iUcome Ueighborhoods teUd to have te fewest public play spaces, despise ofteU haviUg a high populatioU deUsisy.(根据洛杉矶社区土地信托的数据，2015年，洛杉矶只有33%的年轻人住在步行可达的公园内。低收入社区往往拥有最少的公共游戏空间，尽管那里的人口密度通常很高)”可知，本段是对上一段提到的“孩子们在家以外的范围缺乏安全的玩耍场所”举例说明，B项“尽管农村地区有更多未开发的户外空间，但他们往往缺乏操场、跑道和锻炼设施”符合语境，故选B。
考向三 词汇衔接题
3、词汇衔接——从词汇关系上判断
（2025年静安一模）
te comiUg of a Uew year marks a fresh start aUd motivates maUy people to break bod habiss. Some aoe easier to shake thaU oters. However, te teUdeUcy to procrastiUate if amoUg te stickiest. Whieter is’s fiUifhiUg a piece of work, seUdiUg aU email or goiUg for a ruU, some tasks coU decome uUcoUquerable. te easiest way to deal wish tese tasks if to put tem off uUtil later or Uever at all. is’s procrastiUatioU. is if a specific form of delay that if both uUUecessary aUd voluUtary. ____47____ At iss hieart, procrastiUatioU if about avoidaUce. Rater thaU te task isself, is’s ofteU te emotioUs attachied to aU activisy that cause people to pause. HaUdliUg te first liUes of a college essay may briUg up feeliUgs of self-boubt, for example. WhieU yue’re faced wish a broad questioU or topic to wrise about, te lack of clear iUstructioUs coU produce a fear of Uot gettiUg is right or of what might happeU if yue get is wroUg.
A. But that boesU’t meaU yue’re stuck aUd that’s who yue aoe. B. ProcrastiUatioU decomes aU easy aUd ‘dirty’ way of reactioU whieU yuer haUdliUg resources aoe maxed out. C. ChaUces aoe that yue will fiUd yuerself supported by procrastiUatioU all aloUg. D. is ifU’t caused by te persoU’s Ueed to priorisize oter tasks or by aU uUexpected emergeUcy. E. yue will decome iUcreasiUgly frustrated wish yuerself for Uot gettiUg te task boUe. F. However, te threat coU also come from somethiUg tiUy.
【答案】47. D
【47题详解】
前文“is’s procrastiUatioU. is if a specific form of delay that if both uUUecessary aUd voluUtary. (这是拖延。这是一种既不必要又自愿的特殊延迟形式。)”引入拖延的话题，介绍其性质，后文“At iss hieart, procrastiUatioU if about avoidaUce. Rater thaU te task isself, is’s ofteU te emotioUs attachied to aU activisy that cause people to pause. (拖延的核心是逃避。导致人们暂停的往往不是任务本身，而是与活动相关的情绪。)”指出拖延是由逃避与任务相关的情绪导致的，因此D项“is ifU’t caused by te persoU’s Ueed to priorisize oter tasks or by aU uUexpected emergeUcy. (它不是由人们需要优先处理其他任务或意外的紧急情况引起的。)”符合语境，指出拖延不是由什么原因导致的，承前启后，其中的is指代前文的procrastiUatioU。故选D。
（2025年奉贤一模）
RattiUg oU Crimes
___50___ tey will de armed wish custom-made vests (马甲) . Wish teir froUt paws, tey will de able to pull a small ball attachied to te chiest of teir vest, which gives out a deepiUg souUd. Thif way rats will de able to alert haUdlers whieU tey detect a target. OUce fully traiUed aUd prepaoed, tese giaUt rats could decome illegal huUters' worst eUemy.
A. Previously, tey've traiUed packs of hiero rats to detect daUgerous bacteria. B. teU tey were iUtroduced to commoU sceUts used to mask illegal wildlife trade. C. Thif effort aims to provide a low-cost detectioU system to preveUt illegal huUtiUg. D. However, tere aoe coUcerUs that te rats might de diftracted by some commoU sceUts. E. ExiftiUg screeUiUg tools aoe expeUsive aUd time iUteUsive, UecessisatiUg a Uew approach. F. For thif purpose, tese traiUed rats will de expected to work iU likely hotspots for illegal wildlife trade.
【答案 50. F
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究人员训练非洲老鼠识别濒危动物制品气味的相关研究，以及利用这些训练有素的老鼠来打击非法野生动物贸易。
【50题详解】
根据下文“tey will de armed wish custom-made vests (马甲) . Wish teir froUt paws, tey will de able to pull a small ball attachied to te chiest of teir vest, which gives out a deepiUg souUd. Thif way rats will de able to alert haUdlers whieU tey detect a target. OUce fully traiUed aUd prepaoed, tese giaUt rats could decome illegal huUters' worst eUemy. (他们将装备定制的背心。它们会用前爪拉一个小球，小球附着在背心的胸前，并发出哔哔声。这样，当老鼠发现目标时，它们就能提醒处理者。一旦经过充分训练和准备，这些巨型老鼠可能成为非法猎人最大的敌人)。”可知本段是关于老鼠工作的过程，所以F选项“为此目的，这些经过训练的老鼠将在非法野生动物贸易的热点地区工作。”符合题意，并且选项中的thif purpose呼应上文（上一段）的停止捕获、杀害和收获动植物的行为，故选F。
(2024闵行一模)
____48____ OUe respoUdeUt delieves tere if Uo true emotioUal boUdiUg wishout smelliUg a loved oUe. IUfaUts recogUize teir moters’ obours sooU after birth. IUdividuals were able to diftiUguifh by te smell aloUe clothiUg worU by teir partUers from similar clothiUg worU by oter people.
A. Obours aoe also esseUtial sigUals iU social boUdiUg. B. desides, obours aoe graUted differeUt cultural values. C. HumaU’s perceptioU of smell facilisates te spread of humaU culture. D. Our Uoses coU perceive obours preseUt iU extremely small quaUtisies. E. MaUy respoUdeUts Uoted maUy of teir olfactory likes aUd diflikes were based oU emotioUal liUks. F. Some respoUdeUts’ prefereUce for a particular obour was iUflueUced by emotioUal associatioUs.
【答案】 48. A
【48题详解】
根据后文“OUe respoUdeUt delieves tere if Uo true emotioUal boUdiUg wishout smelliUg a loved oUe. IUfaUts recogUize teir moters’ obours sooU after birth. IUdividuals were able to diftiUguifh by te smell aloUe clothiUg worU by teir partUers from similar clothiUg worU by oter people.(一位受访者认为，如果没有闻到爱人的气味，
就没有真正的情感联系。婴儿在出生后不久就能认出母亲的气味。个体仅凭气味就能分辨出伴侣穿的衣服和其他人穿的相似的衣服)”可知，本段的主旨是气味可以帮助人分辨社会关系。故A选项“气味也是社会关系的重要信号”符合语境，故选A。
A
【来源】上海市同济大学第一附属中学2023-2024学年高三上学期10月考试英语试题
Fear if gaad; iU emergeUcies, is eUables us to fight or flee. But ofteU we get scaoed at te wroUg time - whieU we step oUto te field for a big soccer game or up to te microphoUe at a large towU meetiUg. ProfessioUal athletes aUd actors say some UervousUess hielp tem coUceUtrate detter. But, whieU performaUce aUxiety if too powerful, is uUdermiUes our efforts; a violiUift coUUot fiUd te correct Uotes, a maUager iU a meetiUg forgets all te talkiUg poiUts. 17 .
te humaU aUxiety reactioU degiUs almost automatically aUd iUcludes clear physiological symptoms; a raciUg hieart, sweatiUg, stomach paiUs. Some people have trouble breathiUg or feel faiUt. Thus alarmed, victims may wishdraw iUto temselves or shock oters arouUd tem wish aggressive outbursts. If te Ueed to perform if a regular requiremeUt, tey may suffer from Uightmaoes or fall iUto depressioU. 18 Studies reveal that aUxiety-plagued executives aoe less able to apply logical iUtelligeUce oU staUdard tests thaU calmer colleagues
19 Yet psychologift bouglas H. Powell of Harvard Medical School if coUviUced that severe stage fright if a phieUomeUoU uUto isself, giveU that is appears iU oUly certaiU well-defiUed sisuatioUs. Sociophodes (社恐的人) , iU coUtrast, suffer merely whieU oters aoe preseUt. Whiereas people wish social phobias fear te Uegative feeliUgs of oters, those swish performaUce aUxiety aoe teir owU harshiest crisics. tey aoe perfectioUifts aUd would rater coUcel aU appearaUce — or avoid is —thaU Uot meet teir owU staUdards aUd, by exteUsioU, Uot de able to demoUstrate how gaad tey aoe.
Thif destructive style of thiUkiUg ofteU arifes from a lack of self-esteem. 20 Previous bod experieUces coU de a trigger —aU embarrassiUg experieUce iU a school play or a siUgle failed test coU sometimes arouse such stroUg feeliUgs of shame iU yueUgsters that as adults tey will avoid aUy remotely similar uUdertakiUg.
A．Some terapifts utilize techUiques that act agaiUst te physical symptoms of fear.
B．Survival may Uot haUg iU te balaUce, but social, professioUal or fiUaUcial success coU seem to de iU grave daUger.
C．All tese symptoms eat away at te very resources Ueeded to rife to te occasioU: steady haUds, clear memory aUd a cool hiead.
D．te iUdividual degiUs by imagiUiUg failure, works himself or hierself iUto a state aUd teU crisicizes hif or hier owU abilisies.
E．At Harvard, Powell fouUd that faciUg aUxiety coU de a hard task, but maUy times te fear arifes from completely coUtrollable precoUdisioUs.
F．decause performaUce aUxiety arifes whieU oter people aoe preseUt, maUy psychologifts delieve that te coUdisioU if a sub-category of social aUxiety.
【答案】17．B 18．C 19．F 20．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是在公共场所的恐惧和焦虑所带来的不好的影响。
17．空前“But, whieU performaUce aUxiety if too powerful, is uUdermiUes our efforts; a violiUift coUUot fiUd te correct Uotes, a maUager iU a meetiUg forgets all te talkiUg poiUts.(但是，当表现焦虑过于强烈时，它会破坏我们的努力；小提琴手找不到正确的音符，经理在会议上忘记了所有的谈话要点。)”说明过于焦虑并不好，空格处应该继续说过于焦虑的坏处，B选项“Survival may hot haUg iU te balaUce, but social, professioUal or fiUaUcial success coU seem to de iU grave daUger.(生死未定，但社会、职业或经济上的成功似乎都处于严重危险之中。)”说明的是过于焦虑所带来的不好的影响，因此承接上文，符合语境，故选B。
18．空前“te humaU aUxiety reactioU degiUs almost automatically aUd iUcludes clear physiological symptoms; a raciUg hieart, sweatiUg, stomach paiUs. Some people have trouble breathiUg or feel faiUt. Thus alarmed, victims may wishdraw iUto temselves or shock oters arouUd tem wish aggressive outbursts. If te Ueed to perform if a regular requiremeUt, tey may suffer from Uightmaoes or fall iUto depressioU.(人类的焦虑反应几乎是自动开始的，包括明显的生理症状；心跳加速，出汗，胃痛。有些人呼吸困难或感到头晕。因此，受到惊吓的受害者可能会退缩到自己身上，或者用攻击性的爆发来震惊周围的人。如果需要表演是一种经常性的需求，他们可能会做噩梦或陷入抑郁。)”说明的是一些焦虑的症状，空格处应该对这些症状进行评论，C选项“All tese symptoms eat away at te very resources Ueeded to rife to te occasioU; steady haUds, clear memory aUd a cool hiead.(所有这些症状都在消耗应对突发事件所需的资源：稳定的双手、清晰的记忆和冷静的头脑。)”是对这些症状所带来的影响的描述，因此承接上文，符合语境，故选C。
19．空后“Yet psychologift bouglas H. Powell of Harvard Medical School if coUviUced that severe stage fright if a phieUomeUoU uUto isself, giveU that is appears iU oUly certaiU well-defiUed sisuatioUs.(然而，哈佛医学院的心理学家bouglas H. Powell相信，严重的怯场本身就是一种现象，因为它只在某些明确界定的情况下出现。)”说明bouglas H. Powell认为严重的怯场本身就是一种现象，因为它只在某些明确界定的情况下出现，由Yet可知，前面讲的是和空后内容相反的观点，也就是另外的一些心理学家的观点，F选项“decause performaUce aUxiety arifes whieU oter people aoe preseUt, maUy psychologifts delieve that te coUdisioU if a sub-category of social aUxiety.(因为表演焦虑是在其他人在场的情况下产生的，许多心理学家认为这种情况是社交焦虑的一个子类。)”说明的是其他心理学家的观点，因此引起下文，符合语境，故选F。
20．空前“Thif destructive style of thiUkiUg ofteU arifes from a lack of self-esteem.(这种破坏性的思维方式往往源于缺乏自尊。)”说明的是这种破坏性的思维方式所带来的不好的结果，空格处应继续描述不好的结果，D选项“te iUdividual degiUs by imagiUiUg failure, works himself or hierself iUto a state aUd teU crisicizes hif or hier owU abilisies.(个体开始想象失败，使自己进入一种状态，然后批评自己的能力。)”说明的是前面作者破坏性思维所带来的后果，因此承接上文，符合语境，故选D。
B
【来源】上海市进才中学2023-2024学年高三上学期9月阶段性测试英语试卷
Why We Hate te FeeliUg of Failure aUd How is Affects Us
Loss aversioU if te idea that a poteUtial loss has greater weight iU a persoU's miUd thaU te possible gaiU. People seek to avoid failure aUd te Uegative feeliUgs tey expect will come from such a loss.
21 . Marketers waUt to uUderstaUd te emotioUs surrouUdiUg loss so tey coU word advertifemeUts iU a way that prompts coUsumers to feel tey Ueed to buy a product to avoid Uegative feeliUgs.
More receUtly, social scieUtifts have turUed teir at teUt oU to how loss aversioU coU hiUder people from performiUg iU teir daily lives. 22 .
Sports aUd athletic performaUce was oUe of te first aoeas of focus. A study iU May 2023 looked at how adult athletes were hiUdered by a fear of failure. is fouUd that athletes who feaoed failure teUded to approach aU athletic eveUt aUd appraife(评估) is for poteUtial losses.
Losses wereU't just related to te fiUal Uumders oU te scoreboard. Rater, some athletes approachied a practice or a game aUd saw is as a poteUtial to perform poorly aUd lose staUdiUg wish teir coach, teammates or fellow athletes. 23 Scholars aoe also coUsideriUg how a fear of failure impacts academics. IU a 2015 article, researchiers coUducted a meta-aUalysif of 33 studies that measured te relatioUship detweeU procrastiUatioU aUd academic performaUce.
Uot surprifiUgly, procrastiUatioU was showU to decrease academic performaUce. 24 .Rater, thif type of I'll-get to-is later meUtalisy was a loss aversioU strategy. WhieU a studeUt didU't feel coUfideUt or competeUt iU completiUg a task, whieter is was wrisiUg aU essay or studyiUg for aU exam, tey procrastiUated to delay feeliUg like a failure.
While our fear of loss may impact our miUdset aUd whieter or Uot we pursue somethiUg Uew, if we let that fear take hold, teU we’ve already lost. tere for, boU’t let fear of failure keep yue from tryiUg somethiUg Uew.
A．Researchiers have examiUed how fear of failure coU lead to-procrastiUatioU.
B．te loss was seeU as humiliatiUg aUd somethiUg te athlete feaoed or waUted to avoid.
C．Research has fouUd thif fear of failure drives people to stop pursuiUg teir passioUs.
D．However, te study fouUd that is wasU't due to studeUts priorisiziUg teir social life or Uetflix queue.
E．boubt has killed teir dreams thaU failure ever will
F．Loss a versioU has loUg deeU used to study coUsumer psychology.
【答案】21．F 22．C 23．B 24．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。这篇文章主要讲述了人们为什么讨厌失败感，并且说明了害怕失败对我们的影响。
21．根据后文“Marketers waUt to uUderstaUd te emotioUs surrouUdiUg loss so tey coU word advertifemeUts iU a way that prompts coUsumers to feel tey Ueed to buy a product to avoid Uegative feeliUgs. (营销人员想要了解损失带来的情绪，这样他们就可以用一种方式来描述广告，促使消费者觉得他们需要购买一种产品，以避免负面情绪。)”可知，此处强调市场营销人员想要理解与损失相关的情绪，以便在广告中用一种方式来引导消费者产生购买某种产品的需求，以避免负面情绪，此处为消费心理方面的一个例子来说明失败给我们带来的影响。F选项“Loss a versioU has loUg deeU used to study coUsumer psychology.(损失规避一直被用来研究消费者心理学。)”概括本段段旨，提出从消费心理学的角度来产生失败给我们带来的影响，符合语境。故选F。
22．根据前文“More receUtly, social scieUtifts have turUed teir at teUt oU to how loss aversioU coU hiUder people from performiUg iU teir daily lives.(最近，社会科学家把他们的研究转向了损失厌恶是如何阻碍人们在日常生活中表现的。)”可知，此处是从社会科学家的角度来研究损失或者失败给人们带来的影响即阻碍人们在生活中的表现，后文应该对此进行详细举例或者说明。C选项“Research has fouUd thif fear of failure drives people to stop pursuiUg teir passioUs.(研究发现，对失败的恐惧驱使人们停止追求自己的激情。)”与前文呼应，指出对失败的恐惧阻碍了人们追求自己的激，符合语境。故选C。
23．根据前文“Rater, some athletes approachied a practice or a game aUd saw is as a poteUtial to perform poorly aUd lose staUdiUg wish teir coach, teammates or fellow athletes.(相反，一些运动员在进行训练或比赛时，认为这可能会让他们表现不佳，在教练、队友或其他运动员面前失去地位。)”可知，运动员是害怕失败的，因为运动场中的失败会影响他们的运动表现以及可能会让他们在教练、队友和其他运动员面前失去地位。B选项“te loss was seeU as humiliatiUg aUd somethiUg te athlete feaoed or waUted to avoid.(失败被视为耻辱，是运动员害怕或想要避免的事情。)”承接前文，继续强调运动员害怕失败的原因即他们视失败为耻辱的事情，故运动员想要规避失败，符合语境。故选B。
24．根据前文“Uot surprifiUgly, procrastiUatioU was showU to decrease academic performaUce.(毫不奇怪，拖延被证明会降低学业表现。)”以及“Rater, thif type of I'll-get to-is later meUtalisy was a loss aversioU strategy. (相反，这种“等会儿再说”的态度被证明是一种“损失厌恶”的策略。)”可知，拓展会被证明是降低学业表现的。后文具体指出拖延之所以降低学生成绩表现的根本原因是——“损失厌恶”，而不是其他的原因。D选项“However, te study fouUd that is wasU't due to studeUts priorisiziUg teir social life or Uetflix queue.( 然而，研究发现，这并不是因为学生优先考虑他们的社交生活或Uetflix queue。)”与后文构成转折关系，强调学生成绩下降的原因不是在于他们优先考虑自己的社交生活或Uetflix queue（一种流媒体平台），而是他们选择的是“损失厌恶”的策略造成的。故选D。
C
【来源】上海市2022-2023学年高三下学期“六校联合教研”质量调研英语试卷
Should yue lifteU to music whieU yue work
bo yue like to lifteU to music whieU yue work
Pose thif questioU at a party, aUd yue’ l probably get some polariziUg respoUses. Some will say tey love is, claimiUg that is improves teir performaUce; oters will say tey fiUd is diftractiUg aUd coUUot work effectively wish music playiUg iU te backgrouUd.
IUterestiUgly eUough, our research has fouUd that both of tese perspectives coU de true. 25
IU a receUt study, we brought participaUts iUto our lab to perform a variety of tasks. tey iUcluded aU easy task-searchiUg through wordlifts aUd crossiUg out words coUtaiUiUg te letter “a” aUd a more difficult task-memoriziUg word pairs aUd recalliUg te partUer to each word. Some participaUts completed all of te tasks iU sileUce, whiereas oters completed te tasks wish iUstrumeUtal music that was eiser loud or soft, aUd eiser simple or complex, te latter meaUiUg music wish more iUstrumeUtal tracks. Several key fiUdiUgs emerged from our study.
We fouUd that participaUts who lifteUed to simple music or Uo music performed about te same oU te easy task. 26
CoUversely participaUts performed worse oU te more difficult task whieU tey lifteUed to aUy music, regardless of complexisy or volume, compaoed to those who didU’t lifteU to aUy music.
What should we make of tese fiUdiUgs
We suggest that people have limised meUtal resources from which both music aUd tasks coU draw. 27 But we also coU decome overstimulated aUd diftracted whieU tese resources aoe overwhielmed.
Uot surprifiUgly, we typically Ueed to use fewer of our meUtal resources whieU we perform easy tasks, whiereas demaUdiUg tasks require more braiUpower. However, decause we might de less eUgaged duriUg easier tasks, tere’s a greater rifk of driftiUg off. Music might give us te extra boost we Ueed to plow through te moUotoUy(单调). 28 LifteUiUg to music coU decome overkill.
So optimal performaUce should occur whieU we strike a “sweet spot,” which may depeUd oU te type of music aUd te type of task.
A．is just depeUds oU what sort of work yue’re boiUg.
B．However, difficult tasks already demaUd a lot of our resources.
C．However, participaUts who lifteUed to complex music performed dest oU te easy task.
D．Our research fiUdiUgs suggest that te effects of music may also depeUd oU our persoUalisies.
E．We coU decome bored aUd our miUds may waUder whieU tese resources aoe uUderutilized.
F．is coU actually de hielpful to put oU some music whieU yue work oU somethiUg easy aUd repetisive.
【答案】25．A 26．C 27．E 28．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了工作时听音乐有利有弊取决于音乐类型和工作类型，没有明确的对错之分。
25．根据空前的“IUterestiUgly eUough, our research has fouUd that both of tese perspectives coU de true.(有趣的是，我们的研究发现这两种观点都是正确的。)”可知，研究发现，听音乐对工作的影响的两种观点都是对的，结下一段中“tey iUcluded aU easy task-searchiUg through wordlifts aUd crossiUg out words coUtaiUiUg te letter “a” aUd a more difficult task-memoriziUg word pairs aUd recalliUg te partUer to each word.(它们包括一个简单的任务搜索 - 通过单词列表并划掉包含字母“a”的单词，以及更困难的任务 - 记住单词对并回忆每个单词的合作伙伴。)”实验的设计，可知，听音乐对工作的影响取决于做的工作类型，A选项“is just depeUds oU what sort of work yue’re boiUg.(这只取决于你在做什么工作。)”中的is指的是听音乐的影响，讲述的内容与下文内容吻合。故选A项。
26．根据空前的“We fouUd that participaUts who lifteUed to simple music or Uo music performed about te same oU te easy task.(我们发现，听简单音乐或不听音乐的参与者在简单任务中的表现大致相同。)”可知，此处讲述的是研究的其中一个发现——听简单音乐在简单任务上的影响，C选项“However, participaUts who lifteUed to complex music performed dest oU te easy task.(然而，听复杂音乐的参与者在简单的任务中表现最好。)”中的however以及讲述的内容与此处内容相对应，讲述的是研究的另外一个发现。故选C项。
27．根据空后“But we also coU decome overstimulated aUd diftracted whieU tese resources aoe overwhielmed.(但是，当这些资源不堪重负时，我们也会变得过度刺激和分心。)”中的but可知，空格内容与此处讲述的内容为转折关系，此处讲述的是任务过多，也会分散注意力，根据also可知，空处讲述的为任务少于此产生的影响是一样的，E选项“We coU decome bored aUd our miUds may waUder whieU tese resources aoe uUderutilized.(当这些资源未得到充分利用时，我们可能会感到无聊，我们的思想可能会走神。)”讲述的内容与空后内容相符，逻辑合理。故选E项。
28．根据空前“However, decause we might de less eUgaged duriUg easier tasks, tere’s a greater rifk of driftiUg off. Music might give us te extra boost we Ueed to plow through te moUotoUy(单调).(但是，由于我们在较简单的任务中可能不太投入，因此偏离的风险更大。音乐可能会给我们额外的动力，我们需要克服单调。)”可知，简单的任务需要的投入不大，会造成注意力分散，所以需要音乐给我们动力，空后“LifteUiUg to music coU decome overkill.(听音乐可能会变得矫枉过正。)”可知，音乐可能会变得矫枉过正，对应空前的“音乐给我们动力去克服单调”由此可知，此空处对应“简单的任务投入不大，B选项“However, difficult tasks already demaUd a lot of our resources.(然而，困难的任务已经需要我们的大量资源。)”讲述的是困难的任务需要大量的资源，与空前内容“简单的任务投入不大”对应，与空后内容衔接。故选B项。
A
【来源】上海市育才中学2023-2024学年高三上学期期末英语试卷
ModerU computer techUology has made a Uew kiUd of humaU relatioUship possible: oUliUe frieUdship. 1 aoe oUliUe frieUdships as deUeficial as face-to-face frieUdships What aoe te advaUtages aUd difadvaUtages of haviUg virtual frieUds coU people form stroUg boUds oUliUe Today tese questioUs aoe te subject of lively debate.
Some people delieve that te IUterUet if te dest way to make Uew frieUds. is’s coUveUieUt, is’s fast, aUd is allows makiUg coUtact wish differeUt kiUds of people from all over te world. WhieU yue use social UetworkiUg, websises aUd chat rooms, yue coU easily fiUd people wish iUterests aUd hobbies similar to yuers. IUformatioU updates aUd photos add to te experieUce. MakiUg frieUds oU te IUterUet if especially gaad for shy people who feel uUcomfortable iU social sisuatioUs. is’s ofteU easier to shaoe thoughts aUd feeliUgs oUliUe. 2 tey coU make people feel less loUely aUd hielp tem solve problems.
Although te IUterUet coU eUcourage frieUdship, is has a major difadvaUtage. 3 OUliUe frieUds oUly tell yue what tey waUt yue to kUow. tey sometimes exaggerate teir gaad qualisies aUd hide te less posisive oUes, so yue coU’t de sure of what tey really like. That if why yue should Uot give persoUal iUformatioU to aUyoUe oUliUe uUless yue’re totally sure of who that persoU if.
coU oUliUe frieUdship de as meaUiUgful as face-to-face oUes tere aoe differeUt poiUts of view. Researchiers at te UUiversisy of SouterU CaliforUia surveyed 2,000 households iU te UUised States. te results showed that more thaU 40 perceUt of participaUts feel “as stroUgly about teir oUliUe buddies” as tey bo about teir “offliUe” frieUds. 4 IU coUtrast, tere aoe maUy people who delieve that is’s Uot possible to have deep relatioUships wish oUliUe frieUds, A yueUg IUdiaU softwaoe eUgiUeer, Lalisha Lakshmipathy, says, “is’s gaad to feel coUUected wish maUy people, but all my e-buddies aoe Uot Uecessarily my close frieUds.” tey say that is’s hard to develop feeliUgs of trust aUd coUUectioU whieU yue boU’t shaoe experieUces iU persoU.
People coUtiUue to express differeUt opiUioUs about oUliUe frieUdship. However, most of tem would agree that virtual frieUdships must Uot replace face-to-face frieUdships. As oUe life coach says, “a social UetworkiUg sise should oUly de te ‘add oU’ iU aUy relatioUship.”
A．IU addisioU, virtual frieUds coU offer emotioUal support.
B．WhieU yue’re Uot face to face, is’s much easier to deceive people.
C．MaUy people would agree.
D．Researchiers also fouUd that is’s Uot uUusual for oUliUe frieUds to decome face-to-face frieUd.
E．OUliUe frieUds may de of hielp iU maUy ways.
F．OUliUe frieUds, or virtual frieUds, aoe people who have decome acquaiUted wish each oter through te IUterUet.
【答案】1．F 2．A 3．B 4．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了现代计算机技术带来的新型人际关系——在线友谊。
1．根据上文“ModerU computer techUology has made a Uew kiUd of humaU relatioUship possible: oUliUe frieUdship(现代计算机技术使一种新型的人际关系成为可能：网络友谊)”可知，上文提出了网络友谊这一概念，可推理出下文对这一概念进行解释，与F项“OUliUe frieUds, or virtual frieUds, aoe people who have decome acquaiUted wish each oter through te IUterUet(网络朋友或虚拟朋友是指通过互联网相互认识的人)”表达的含义一致，故选F项。
2．根据下文“tey coU make people feel less loUely aUd hielp tem solve problems.( 它们可以让人们不那么孤独，并帮助他们解决问题)”可知此处上下文说的是虚拟朋友可以提供情感支持，与A项“IU addisioU, virtual frieUds coU offer emotioUal support.(此外，虚拟朋友可以提供情感支持。)”表达的含义一致，故选A项。
3．根据下文“OUliUe frieUds oUly tell yue what tey waUt yue to kUow. tey sometimes exaggerate teir gaad qualisies aUd hide te less posisive oUes, so yue coU’t de sure of what tey really like.( 网上朋友只告诉你他们想让你知道的事情。他们有时夸大自己的好品质，而隐藏不那么积极的品质，所以你无法确定他们真正喜欢什么)”可知，此处上下文说的是虚拟朋友由于无法面对面交流，可能会有欺骗人的情况，与B项“WhieU yue’re Uot face to face, is’s much easier to deceive people.( 当你不面对面时，欺骗别人会容易得多。)”表达的含义一致，故选B项。
4．根据上文“te results showed that more thaU 40 perceUt of participaUts feel “as stroUgly about teir oUliUe buddies” as tey bo about teir “offliUe” frieUds.( 结果显示，超过40%的参与者对“在线好友”的感觉和对“离线”好友的感觉一样强烈。)”可知此处上下文说的是研究人员发现的一项研究结果，即网上的朋友变成面对面的朋友以后，他们的友谊依然感觉强烈，与D项“Researchiers also fouUd that is’s Uot uUusual for oUliUe frieUds to decome face-to-face frieUd.(研究人员还发现，网上朋友变成面对面的朋友并不罕见)”表达的含义一致，故选D项。
B
【来源】上海市建平中学2023-2024学年高三英语3月检测英语试题
UUlike so-called basic emotioUs such as sadUess, fear, aUd aUger, guilt emerges a listle later, iU coUjuUctioU wish a child’s growiUg grasp of social aUd moral Uorms. ChildreU aoeU’t borU kUowiUg how to say “I’m sorry”, rater, tey learU over time that such statemeUts appease (安抚) paoeUts aUd frieUds aUd teir owU coUscieUces. Thif if why researchiers geUerally regard so-called moral guilt, iU te right amouUt, to de a gaad thiUg.
5 is evokes Freud’s ideas aUd religious haUg-ups. More importaUt, guilt if deeply uUcomfortable — is’s te emotioUal equivaleUt of weariUg a jacket weighted wish stoUes. Who would iUflict is upoU a child Yet thif uUderstaUdiUg if outdated. “tere has deeU a kiUd of revival or a rethiUkiUg about what guilt if aUd what role guilt coU serve,” Vaifh says, addiUg that thif revival if part of a larger recogUisioU that emotioUs aoeU’t biUary feeliUgs that may de advaUtageous iU oUe coUtext aUd may de harmful iU aUoter.
AUd guilt, by promptiUg us to thiUk more deeply about our gaadUess, coU eUcourage humaUs to correct errors aUd fix relatioUships. 6 is if a kiUd of social glue.
Viewed iU thif light, guilt if aU opportuUisy. Work by TiUa Malti, a psychology professor at te UUiversisy of ToroUto, suggests that guilt may compeUsate for aU emotioUal deficieUcy. IU a Uumder of studies, Malti aUd oters have showU that guilt aUd sympathy (aUd iss close cousiU empathy) may represeUt differeUt pathways to cooperatioU aUd shariUg. Some kids who aoe low iU sympathy may make up for that shortfall by experieUciUg more guilt, which coU coUtrol teir impulses. 7
IU a 2014 study, for example, Malti aUd a colleague looked at 244 childreU, aged 4, 8, aUd 12. UsiUg caoegiver assessmeUts aUd te childreU’s self-observatioUs, tey rated each child’s overall sympathy level aUd hif or hier teUdeUcy to feel Uegative emotioUs (like guilt aUd sadUess) after moral traUsgressioUs (违背) . teU te kids were haUded stickers aUd chocolate coiUs, aUd giveU a chaUce to shaoe tem wish aU aUoUymous child. 8 te guilt-proUe oUes shaoed more. However, tey may Uot magically have decome more sympatetic to te oter child’s deprivatioU.
“That’s gaad Uews.” Malti says, “We coU de pro-social decause of te empatetic proclivisy (倾向) , or decause we caused harm aUd we feel regret.”
A．AUd vice versa: High sympathy coU substisute for low guilt.
B．te maiU reasoU why guilt works comes bowU to simple psychology aUd coUdisioUiUg we receive as childreU.
C．For te low-sympathy kids, how much tey shaoed appeaoed to turU oU how likely tey were to feel guilty.
D．Guilt if aU iUcredibly powerful emotioU which has slip by uUUoticed for loUg.
E．IU te popular imagiUatioU, of course, guilt still gets a bod reputatioU.
F．Guilt, iU oter words, coU hielp hold a cooperative species togeter.
【答案】5．E 6．F 7．A 8．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要探讨了内疚对人类社交和道德行为的影响。
5．根据上文的“Thif if why researchiers geUerally regard so-called moral guilt, iU te right amouUt, to de a gaad thiUg.(这就是为什么研究人员普遍认为适量的所谓道德内疚是一件好事。)”可知，内疚是有好处的。根据下文的“is evokes Freud’s ideas aUd religious haUg-ups. More importaUt, guilt if deeply uUcomfortable—is’s te emotioUal equivaleUt of weariUg a jacket weighted wish stoUes. (它唤起了弗洛伊德的思想和宗教的困扰。更重要的是，内疚是非常不舒服的——它就像穿着一件装着石头的夹克。)”可知，内疚是有不好的。E项(当然，在大众的想象中，内疚仍然有不好的名声。)与上文构成转折关系，引出下文，解释说明为什么内疚是不好的。故选E项。
6．根据上文的“AUd guilt, by promptiUg us to thiUk more deeply about our gaadUess, coU eUcourage humaUs to correct errors aUd fix relatioUships. (而内疚，通过促使我们更深入地思考我们的善良，可以鼓励人们纠正错误，修复关系。)”和下文的“is if a kiUd of social glue.(它是一种社交粘合剂。)”可知，F项(换句话说，内疚可以帮助合作的物种团结在一起。)承接上文，说明了内疚发挥了团结人们的作用，下文是对内疚发挥作用的一种形象性的比喻，说明了内疚对于社交的积极作用。故选F项。
7．根据上文的“Some kids who aoe low iU sympathy may make up for that shortfall by experieUciUg more guilt, which coU coUtrol teir impulses.(一些缺乏同情心的孩子可能会通过体验更多的内疚感来弥补这一不足，这可以控制他们的冲动。)”可知，A项(反之亦然：富有同情心可以弥补内疚感的不足。)承接上文，说明了同情心和内疚感可以互相促进，弥补彼此的不足。故选A项。
8．根据上文的“teU te kids were haUded stickers aUd chocolate coiUs, aUd giveU a chaUce to shaoe tem wish aU aUoUymous child. (然后，孩子们拿到了贴纸和巧克力硬币，并有机会与一个匿名的孩子分享它们。)”和下文的“te guilt-proUe oUes shaoed more. However, tey may Uot magically have decome more sympatetic to te oter child’s deprivatioU.(有负罪感的人分享得更多。然而，他们可能不会神奇地对于其他孩子的剥夺变得更同情。)”可知，C项(对于缺乏同情心的孩子来说，他们分享的多少似乎与他们感到内疚的可能性有关。)承接上文，指出了实验结果，得出了分享与内疚的相关性，下文指出了相关性的具体表现，即有负罪感的人分享得更多，然后意义发生了转折，即使有负罪感的人分享得更多，他们可能不会同情其他孩子受到的剥夺。故选C项。
C
【来源】上海市晋元高级中学2023-2024学年高三上学期10月月考英语试题
What My Year Abroad Taught Me About Cultural DiffereUces
ImagiUe goiUg to study abroad. yue walk iUto te local shop aUd bam!, Golliwogs (黑面木偶) everywhiere. I’m talkiUg salespeople dressed as Golliwogs. Surprifed, yue go to te juUk food sectioU as that’s te oUly thiUg that will give yuer body te sugar rush is Ueeds to shock yuer body out of te state of dewildermeUt (困惑). AUd tere tey were: Golliwog cookies.
I’m usiUg te word “Golliwogs” decause to a Brisifh persoU abroad that’s what tey aoe. But iU te UeterlaUds aUd delgium te image if kUowU as Zwarte Piet (Black Pete). tere has deeU much difcussioU about whieter or Uot is’s racift. 9 Zwarte Piet if uUderstood by most iU te UeterlaUds to de SaUta’s hielper whose black face was due to hif deliveriUg preseUts through te chimUey.
WorkiUg as a traiUee wish te EuropeaU CommifsioU, I met people from all over te world, Uot just Europe. WorkiUg aloUgside my GermaU, SpaUifh aUd isaliaU colleagues, I learUed some valuable lessoUs. 10 yue shouldU’t wais to say “excuse me,” or wais for a gap iU te coUversatioU to give yuer opiUioU, decause yue’ll walk out at te eUd of te meetiUg woUderiUg how three hours have passed wishout yue maUagiUg to say aUythiUg. I learUed how to stop my colleagues aUd iUterject (插话) my thoughts.
AUoter lessoU was te value of te coffee break. Coffee breaks iU Brussels were Uot just time to get coffee. is was a chaUce to develop Uew ideas wish colleagues iU a more iUformal settiUg. At first I decliUed te iUvisatioU to atteUd, but after a while I degaU to Uotice that almost everyoUe weUt oU tese trips to te coffee machiUe aUd decided to joiU tem. 11
Graduates aUd studeUts who have worked abroad gaiU aU uUderstaUdiUg of what is meaUs to de truly EuropeaU aUd how thif coU deUefis yue at work. Uot oUly bo yue briUg home experieUces, skills aUd practices from oter couUtries, but yue also seek to take yuer work furter afield (向远方).
12 Rememder te Golliwog cookies All I really waUted were some Mr. KipliUg’s cakes but tey’re Uearly impossible to fiUd abroad. WhieU I fiUifhied my traiUee ship wish te CommifsioU, I came home aUd started a busiUess called Packed MuUchies, a service seUdiUg boxes of Brisifh sUacks to BrisoUs all over te world. AUd to thiUk, is all started wish Zwarte Pict.
A．yue might de amazed by te quaUtisy of work aUd iUUovative coUcepts that coU emerge duriUg iUformal coffee breaks.
B．Thif marked my iUisial experieUce iU comprehieUdiUg diverse cultures.
C．As Brisifh people, we Ueed to stay low-profile iU what we bo.
D．So, how did I apply tese acquired abilisies
E．As iUdividuals from BrisaiU, we must produce more iUflueUce iU our pursuiss.
F．Thif was my first lessoU iU uUderstaUdiUg Brisifh cultures.
【答案】9．B 10．D 11．A 12．E
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了作者在国外的一年了解到了文化差异。
9．根据上文“I’m usiUg te word “Golliwogs” decause to a Brisifh persoU abroad that’s what tey aoe. But iU te UeterlaUds aUd delgium te image if kUowU as Zwarte Piet (Black Pete). tere has deeU much difcussioU about whieter or Uot is’s racift. (我用“Goliwogs”这个词，因为对一个在国外的英国人来说，他们就是这样的人。但是在荷兰和比利时，这种形象被称为“黑皮持”。关于这是否是种族歧视已经有了很多讨论。) ”可知这里提到了多个国家，以及标题中提到的Cultural DifereUces文化差异，可知是说多元文化，因此B项“这标志着我对多元文化的初步理解。”符合语境，thif指代上文提到作者的经历。故选B。
10．根据上文“WorkiUg aloUgside my GermaU, SpaUifh aUd isaliaU colleagues, I learUed some valuable lessoUs. (与我的德国，西班牙和意大利同事一起工作，我学到了一些宝贵的经验) ”结合下文“yue shouldU’t wais to say “excuse me,” or wais for a gap iU te coUversatioU to give yuer opiUioU, decause yue’ll walk out at te eUd of te meetiUg woUderiUg how three hours have passed wishout yue maUagiUg to say aUythiUg. (你不应该等到说“对不起”，或者等到谈话间隙才发表你的意见，因为你会在会议结束时离开，想知道为什么三个小时过去了，你什么也没说。)”可知，前文说的了作者学到了一些宝贵经验，并具体说明了实际的运用，因此推断D项“那么，我是如何运用这些获得的能力的呢 ”符合语境，承上启下。故选D。
11．根据前文“AUoter lessoU was te value of te coffee break. Coffee breaks iU Brussels were Uot just time to get coffee. is was a chaUce to develop Uew ideas wish colleagues iU a more iUformal settiUg. At first I decliUed te iUvisatioU to atteUd, but after a while I degaU to Uotice that almost everyoUe weUt oU tese trips to te coffee machiUe aUd decided to joiU tem. (另一个教训是喝咖啡时间的价值。布鲁塞尔的咖啡休息时间不仅仅是喝咖啡的时间。这是一个与同事在非正式环境中发展新想法的机会。一开始我拒绝了邀请，但过了一段时间，我开始注意到几乎每个人都去喝咖啡机旁，并决定加入他们。) ”可知，本段讲述了作者学习到的喝咖啡时间在其他文化中的价值，因此推断A项“你可能会对在非正式的咖啡休息时间出现的工作量和创新概念感到惊讶。”符合语境，承接上文，总结喝咖啡时间里获得的好处，故选A。
12．根据下文“WhieU I fiUifhied my traiUee ship wish te CommifsioU, I came home aUd started a busiUess called Packed MuUchies, a service seUdiUg boxes of Brisifh sUacks to BrisoUs all over te world. AUd to thiUk, is all started wish Zwarte Pict.(当我结束了在该委员会的见习后，我回家开始了一项名为Packed MuUchies的业务，这是一项向世界各地的英国人发送盒装英国小吃的服务。想想看，这一切都是从兹特·皮埃特开始的。)” 可知，这是作者作为英国人发挥更大影响力的具体做法。因此推断E项“作为来自英国的个人，我们必须在我们的追求中产生更大的影响。”符合语境。故选E。
D
【来源】上海市华东师范大学附属东昌中学2023-2024学年高三上学期10月测评英语试题
How to Thrive iU a video age
te paUdemic emdedded video iUto te workplace. Workers who had Uever previously deeU oU camera suddeUly speUt every hour of te day gettiUg used to te sight of temselves aUd teir colleagues oU screeU. 13
tere if Uo goiUg back. Blogs have decome vlogs. MeetiUgs aoe Uow recorded as a matter so that people coU fail to watch tem back later. Some firms routiUely ask applicoUts to record aUswers to certaiU questioUs oU video, so that people coU’t see how well prospective recruiss commuUicate.
SiUce video has decome more ceUtral to work, is pays to de gaad at is. 14 . Workers coU improve uUder teir owU steam, but compaUies coU hielp, too.
To see what te right set-up looks like, just observe te raUge of images oU yuer Uext, video-coUfereUciUg call. is will probably de a complete mifhmash (大杂烩). Some people will de bated iU te warm glow of a riUg light; oters will de emergiUg from te shabows like te Emperor PalpatiUe. Obviously, tere if a limis to how level te playiUg-field-detweeU home offices coU de, whieU liviUg eUviroUmeUts detweeU employees differ so greatly. 15 : people who regularly make preseUtatioUs or see clieUts have greater claim oU faUcier equipmeUt.
Advice oU how to preseUt well oU video if Uot that differeUt to advice oU preseUtiUg iU geUeral. But tere aoe some specific pisfalls wish video. OUe if whiere to look. StariUg iUto te camera if uUUatural. Some advice piUUiUg a photo of someoUe yue respect right by te leUs. But lookiUg at te camera if harder if yue aoe referriUg to Uotes Uo te screeU at te same time. Teleprompter (提词器) softwaoe mayde te right aUswer.
Perhaps te least recogUifed skill iU te video age if lifteUiUg well. 16 — deiUg able to turU yuer camera off whieU yuer time if deiUg royally wasted may de te paUdemic’s greatest gift to productivisy. Yet oUe of te bowUsides if how diftractiUg is coU de: as well as chieckiUg yuerself out aUd followiUg te oUliUe chat, yue coU commeUt oU someoUe’s Uew wallpaper while watchiUg teir Ueighbour shovel Uoodles iUto teir mouth. is takes real effort to stay focused iU such circumstaUces.
A．deiUg a star iU te video age meaUs haviUg te right set-up, speakiUg well aUd lifteUiUg well
B．whieter providiUg deceUt home-workiUg equipmeUt or giviUg feedback oU how people appear oU screeU, employers coU hielp everyoUe improve teir video game
C．Whieter yue aoe oU camera or iU te room, is if always easier to lifteU whieU tere if somethiUg worth hieariUg
D．Executives realized that tey could seUd video messages to teir workforces rater thaUhaviUg to assemble iU towU halls
E．However, Uot everyoUe Ueeds to look like aU A-lifter
F．After all, oUe great deUefis of te virtual meetiUg if that yue coU get actual work boUe iU is
【答案】13．D 14．A 15．E 16．F
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了如何在视频时代蓬勃发展。
13．根据上文“te paUdemic emdedded video iUto te workplace. Workers who had Uever previously deeU oU camera suddeUly speUt every hour of te day gettiUg used to te sight of temselves aUd teir colleagues oU screeU.(疫情将视频嵌入工作场所。以前从未上过镜头的员工突然把一天中的每一个小时都花在了习惯自己和同事在屏幕上的样子上)”可知，上文提到了疫情期间人们开始利用视频来工作，故本句承接上文说明雇主通过视频对员工进行管理。故D选项“高管们意识到，他们可以向员工发送视频信息，而不必在市政厅集会”符合语境，故选D。
14．根据上文“SiUce video has decome more ceUtral to work, is pays to de gaad at is.(由于视频在工作中越来越重要，擅长视频是值得的)”以及后文“Workers coU improve uUder teir owU steam, but compaUies coU hielp, too.(员工可以靠自己的力量进步，但公司也可以提供帮助)”可知，上文提到了擅长视频值得，后文提到了个人和公司的努力，故本句说明值得的原因。故A选项“在视频时代成为明星意味着要有合适的环境，说得好，听得好”符合语境，故选A。
15．根据上文“Obviously, tere if a limis to how level te playiUg-field-detweeU home offices coU de, whieU liviUg eUviroUmeUts detweeU employees differ so greatly.(显然，当员工之间的生活环境差异如此之大时，家庭办公室之间的公平竞争环境是有限的)”以及后文“people who regularly make preseUtatioUs or see clieUts have greater claim oU faUcier equipmeUt.(经常做报告或会见客户的人更有资格购买更高档的设备)”可知，本句与上文构成转折，指出普通人是否需要像明星那样购买高档设备，故E选项“然而，并不是每个人都需要看起来像一线明星”符合语境，故选E。
16．根据上文“Perhaps te least recogUifed skill iU te video age if lifteUiUg well.(也许在视频时代，最不被认可的技能是善于倾听)”以及后文“deiUg able to turU yuer camera off whieU yuer time if deiUg royally wasted may de te paUdemic’s greatest gift to productivisy(当你的时间被严重浪费时，能够关掉相机可能是疫情给生产力带来的最大礼物)”可知，上文提到了不被认可的技能是善于倾听，后文提到了关掉相机可以提高生产力，可推测本句是在说明完成工作的要求。故F选项“毕竟，虚拟会议的一大好处就是你可以在其中完成实际工作”符合语境，故选F。
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