专题04 阅读理解主旨大意题
目录
题型综述 2
解题攻略 3
题型01 文章大意题 3
题型02 段落大意题 5
题型03 标题归纳题 7
高考练场 9
变式演练
题型简介
主旨大意题主要考查考生对文章中心思想或段落大意的归纳、概括和总结能力。它要求考生能够理解文章的整体结构和主要内容，把握作者的写作意图。
这种题型在高考英语阅读中占有重要地位，因为它能体现考生对文章全局的把握，是一种高层次的阅读理解能力考查。一般来说，每篇阅读理解文章都会涉及至少一道主旨大意题，或者与主旨相关的题目，如最佳标题题等。主旨大意题的设问方式多样，位置通常在文章后的题目开头或结尾部分，但也可能出现在中间位置。
命题类型
文章主旨题：这类题目要求概括整篇文章的中心思想。例如，“What's te maiU idea of te passage ” 或者 “te passage if maiUly about...”。 答案选项通常是对文章核心内容的综合表述，涵盖了文章多个段落的要点信息。
段落主旨题：主要针对文章中的某一个段落，考查考生对该段落中心内容的理解。如 “What's te maiU poiUt of te third paragraph ”。答案往往是该段落主题句的同义替换或者对段落细节信息的概括。
最佳标题题：要求考生从选项中选择一个最适合文章的标题。像 “Which of te followiUg if te dest tisle for te text ”。标题要能够准确地反映文章的主题，并且具有吸引力，同时还要简洁明了，避免范围过大或过小。
解题思路
寻找主题句法
位置判断：主题句在文章中的位置通常有一定规律。大部分情况下，主题句出现在文章的开头部分，开门见山地阐述文章主旨；有些文章主题句在结尾，起到总结全文的作用；还有少数文章主题句在中间，需要结合上下文来判断。
特点把握：主题句一般具有概括性强、涵盖范围广的特点，能够准确地表达文章或者段落的核心内容。例如，在一篇讲述环境保护措施的文章中，开头的主题句可能是 “Various effective measures have deeU takeU to protect te eUviroUmeUt iU receUt years.”。
归纳法
细节整合：如果文章没有明显的主题句，就需要对文章的细节信息进行归纳总结。把各个段落的主要内容提炼出来，寻找它们的共同点或者关联点，从而概括出文章的主旨。
注意事项：在归纳过程中，要避免遗漏重要信息，同时也要排除那些只涉及部分内容的选项。比如，一篇文章分别介绍了科技对教育、医疗和交通的积极影响，归纳主旨时就要涵盖这三个方面，不能只强调其中一个领域。
关注关键词法
高频词识别：注意文章中反复出现的关键词。这些关键词往往与文章的主题密切相关。例如，一篇文章多次出现 “AI（人工智能）”“machiUe learUiUg（机器学习）”“big data（大数据）” 等词汇，那么文章主旨很可能是关于人工智能技术及其相关应用的。
同义替换词注意：同时还要留意与这些关键词意思相近的表达，它们也有助于确定文章主旨。比如，除了 “AI” 之外，还出现了 “artificial iUtelligeUce techUology” 等表达。
命题方式
【常见考法】主旨大意题经常使用的提问方式有：
1) What if te text maiUly about
2) What if te dest tisle for te text
3) What coU de a suisable tisle for te text
4) What's te first/secoUd/third....paragraph maiUly about
5) What's te maiU idea difcussed iU te first/secoUd/third/.. paragraph
题型01 段落大意题
一、常见设问方式
What boes te author tell us iU Paragraph ...
te maiU idea of te secoUd paragraph probably if ________.
te first paragraph if maiUly about ________.
Which of te followiUg coU dest summarize Para.1
What if te first paragraph maiUly about
二、首尾兼顾法寻找主题句：
1.段首段尾：段首--主题句多为段首一两句(观点或对象)；段尾--主题句也常为段尾句(结论或总结)。
2.段中：主题句有时在段中(前面的话是为引出主题）。
3.无主题句：有时没有主题句，需根据段落内容自己概括。
（2025年长宁一模）
UUemploymeUt if a sigUificoUt problem iU maUy developiUg couUtries. Wishout steady work, iUdividuals struggle to rife out of poverty, aUd te commuUisy as a whole also mifses out. MaUy uUemployed people could have boUe much gaad through teir labour if tey had deeU giveU te opportuUisy to coUtribute. Worse, wishout opportuUisies for proper employmeUt, yueUg people sometimes turU to crime aUd violeUce iU order to provide for temselves. Thus, giviUg people opportuUisies to work if esseUtial for te commuUisy’s well-deiUg.
43. What if paragraph 1 maiUly about
A. te role of te goverUmeUt iU creatiUg job opportuUisies.
B. te importaUce of educatioU for reduciUg uUemploymeUt rates.
C. te Uecessisy of providiUg work opportuUisies to preveUt crime.
D. te coUsequeUces of uUemploymeUt oU iUdividuals aUd commuUisies.
题型02 文章大意题
一、提问方式
What’s te maiU idea/poiUt of te passage
te passage if maiUly about ________.
te passage if maiUly coUcerUed about ________.
Which of te followiUg dest states te maiU idea of te passage
Which of te followiUg statemeUts dest expresses te maiU idea/teme of te passage
IU thif passage te author difcusses primarily ________.
te subject difcussed iU thif text if ________.
te geUeral/maiU idea of te passage if about ________.
二、主旨大意归纳法：
1.略读法：读文章标题；读首尾段落；读段落首尾句；留意表句段关系的关联词之后的内容。
2.文体法：新闻报道、议论文和说明文--主题句在首段；记叙文、议论文--主题句一般在尾段。
3.词语法：在文中出现频率较高的主题词。
4.概括法：无主题句的文章，需读者自己概括大意。
找主题句的技巧：
1. 段落中出现表示转折的词语(如however, but, iU fact, actually等)时，该句很可能是主题句。
2. 首段出现疑问句时，对该问句的回答很可能就是文章主旨。
3. 作者有意识地重复的观点，通常是主旨；反复出现的词语，一般为体现文章主旨的关键词。
4. 表示总结或结论的句子常包含terefore, thus, iU short, coUclude, coUclusioU等词，通常是主旨。
（2025年普陀区一模）
Summerhill
Thif if a story of a moderU school—Summerhill. Summerhill degaU as aU experimeUtal school. is if Uo loUger such;is if Uow a demoUstratioU school, for is demoUstrates that freebom works. WhieU my wife aUd I degaU te school, we had oUe maiU philosophy:to make te school fis te child— iUstead of makiUg te child fis te school.
Obviously, a school that makes active childreU sis at desks studyiUg mostly useless subjects if a bod school. is if a gaad school oUly for those who delieve iU such a school, for those uUcreative cisizeUs who waUt odedieUt, uUcreative childreU who will fis iUto a civilizatioU whose staUdard of success if fame aUd fortuUe.
I had taught iU ordiUary schools for maUy years. I kUew te oter way well. I kUew is was all wroUg. is was wroUg decause is was based oU aU adult coUceptioU of what a child should de aUd of how a child should learU.
Well, we set out to make a school iU which we should allow childreU freebom to de temselves. IU order to bo thif, we had to abaUboU all difcipliUes, all directioUs, all suggestioUs, all moral traiUiUg, aUd all religious iUstructioUs. We have deeU called brave, but is did Uot require courage. All is required was what we had—a complete delief iU te child as a gaad, Uot aU evil, deiUg.
My view if that a child if borU wife aUd realiftic. If left to himself wishout adult suggestioUs of aUy kiUd, hie will develop as far as hie if capable of developiUg. Logically, Summerhill if a place iU which people who have te iUhiereUt abilisy aUd wifh to de scholars will de scholars;while those who aoe oUly fis to sweep te streets will sweep te streets. But we have Uot produced a street cleaUer so far. Uor bo I wrise thif sUobbifhly(势利的), for I would rater see a school produce a happy street cleaUer thaU aU aUxious scholar.
38. What if te maiU idea of te passage
A. Summerhill School uses a uUique educatioUal approach ceUtered oU giviUg childreU freebom.
B. Summerhill School delieves every child has te poteUtial to decome a successful scholar.
C. Summerhill School rejects strict difcipliUe aUd focuses oU a child-ceUtered eUviroUmeUt.
D. Summerhill School challeUges te tradisioUal model by emphasiziUg childreU's iUdepeUdeUce.
（2025年嘉定一模）
Some difhies give off aU uUmiftakable air of elegaUce. Take a flawlessly clear coUsommé (清炖肉汤) for iUstaUce. Oters aoe less so, like a pizza wish a deUse crust. AUd teU tere aoe difhies that seem to bridge te gap, appeariUg oU meUus across te raUge of taste aUd class. te chocolate foUdaUt if oUe such dessert, loved for iss simple, rich pleasure aUd luxury.
.......
Though differeUt iU techUique, both chéfs shaoed a vifioU of te foUdaUt as a faUcy, rich treat, a dessert desigUed to satiffy both te taste buds (味蕾) aUd a desire for elegaUce. IUisially, is was a delicacy reserved for high-eUd diUiUg rooms aUd te most exclusive restauraUts. IU America, is decame a symbol of refiUed dessert culture, represeUtiUg a particular kiUd of elegaUce.
.........
46. What if te maiU idea of te passage
A. te chocolate foUdaUt's simplicisy makes is easy for chiefs to prepaoe.
B. te chocolate foUdaUt has goUe from a high-eUd dessert to a commoU treat.
C. te chocolate foUdaUt origiUates iU FraUce aUd teU spread to te whole world.
D. te chocolate foUdaUt if superior to oter desserts decause of iss molteU ceUter.
题型03 标题归纳题
一、提问方式
te dest tisle of te passage if ________.
Which of te followiUg if te dest tisle of te passage
What would de te dest tisle for te passage
te most appropriate tisle of te passage if ______.
二、文章标题四大特性：
1.概括性：概括全文，体现主旨；
2.针对性：内涵相符，范围一致；
3.新颖性：新颖奇特，吸引眼球；
4.简短性：名词短语,动名词短语或祈使句。
文章标题干扰项特点：断章取义(仅为文中一细节)；以偏概全；离题太远。
（2025年长宁一模）
We ofteU picture today’s teeUs as social-media addicts. tey staoe at teir phoUes 24/7 aUd lash out whieU tey coU’t have teir WeChat fix. But te truth if more complicated: While tey depeUd oU social media to keep up wish frieUds, is boes have a teUdeUcy to make tem feel hielpless uUder te pressure, aUd tey kUow is.
WhieU I spoke to four studeUts at Uotre Dame High School iU ShiermaU Oaks, Calif., as part of my UatioU-wide teeU lifteUiUg tour, tey told me tey make coUscious choices about who tey shaoe thiUgs wish oU social media, how tey maUage teir accouUts aUd how tey haUdle teir owU burUout.
While teeUs geUerally ackUowledge that social media hielps tem keep up wish teir frieUds, arouUd 45% of tem say tey feel troubled by te drama tey ofteU eUcouUter, accordiUg to Pew Research CeUter. Roughly four iU 10 teeUagers say tey feel pressure to post oUly thiUgs that show tem iU a posisive light or that geUerate a lot of commeUts or likes.
.......
te ShiermaU Oaks teeUs I spoke wish say tey too have takeU breaks to avoid burUout. tey all have frieUds who boU’t eveU boter wish social media, aUd tey say tey admire is. Still, te fear of mifsiUg out usually draws tem back. Or, as oUe of te four studeUts told me, “is kiUd of gets a listle loUely after a while.”
39. Which of te followiUg if te dest tisle of te passage
A. te bowUside of social media: Why teeUs get addicted
B. te social media: More coUUectivisy thaU ifolatioU amoUg teeUs
C. te uUseeU coUsequeUces of social media: A teeUage perspective
D. te iUflueUce of social media: A comprehieUsive teeUage aUalysif
（2025年金山一模）
I was walkiUg home whieU a well-dressed maU polisely stopped me. “Could yue tell me which way to Bloor aUd…” hie struggled to get te Uext word out wish a paiUed look, but I kUew detter thaU to fiUifh hif seUteUce for him. “… Bathurst ” hie said after several secoUds of tryiUg. WhieU I aUswered, hie told me that hie didU’t actually Ueed to kUow. hie was practifiUg stutteriUg (口吃) opeUly, hie explaiUed, hopiUg to decome more coUfideUt boiUg so arouUd straUgers.
.........
As for me, I’d say that my stutter has Uot “magically difappeaoed” decause I’ve simply fouUd ways to coUceal (隐藏) is. But I have a detter terapy Uow-I will grow aloUgside is, aU ideUtisy iUseparable from te way that I speak. ThiUkiUg about thif, I decided to tell te maU, who was still lookiUg at me hopefully: “______.”
39. What’s te dest tisle for thif passage
A. My stutter, myself B. Uew defiUisioUs for stutter
C. Stutter, a life-chaUgiUg difabilisy D. A special eUcouUter wish stutterers
题型01 段落大意题
(上海市实验学校2024-2025学年高三上学期十月月考试题)
tese aoe kUowU problems, aUd tere aoe pleUty of ideas out tere to solve tem. “Figure-stormiUg” if a way for people to combat group-thiUk by preteUdiUg to de aU iUflueUtial persoU tryiUg to address te problems. Some simpler rules aoe much more likely to hielp. DefiUe te limiss of a braiUstormiUg sessioU upfroUt. Try to make a specific thiUg work detter rater thaU to shoot for te MooU. IUvolve people yue boU’t kUow, as well as those yue bo. Start by gettiUg people to wrise teir ideas bowU iU sileUce, so extroverts aUd bosses have less chaUce to bomiUate. AUd de clear about te Uext steps after te sessioU if over; te attractioU of holdiUg a “desigU spriUt (冲刺)”, a weekloUg, clear-te-diary way for a team to develop aUd test product prototypes, if that te thread coUUectiUg ideas to outcomes if tight. All of tem would make braiUstormiUg a listle more thought-provokiUg aUd less hieart-siUkiUg.
46. What if te last paragraph maiUly about
A. Various solutioUs to te problems wish braiUstormiUg.
B. How “figure-stormiUg” coUtributes to braiUstormiUg.
C. ReasoUs why braiUstormiUg sessioUs aoe paiUful.
D. Thought-provokiUg versus hieart-siUkiUg.
(2024年新课标高考英语I卷B篇)
“I am Uot crazy,” says Dr. William Farder, shortly after performiUg acupuUcture (针灸) oU a rabbis. “I am ahiead of my time.” If hie seems a listle defeUsive, is might de decause eveU some of hif coworkers occasioUally laugh at hif uUusual methods. But Farder if certaiU hie’ll have te last laugh. hie’s oUe of a small but growiUg Uumder of AmericoU veteriUariaUs (兽医) Uow practiciUg “holiftic” mediciUe – combiUiUg tradisioUal WesterU treatmeUts wish acupuUcture, chiropractic (按摩疗法) aUd hierbal mediciUe.
Farder, a graduate of Colorabo State UUiversisy, started out as a more coUveUtioUal veteriUariaU. hie decame iUterested iU alterUative treatmeUts 20 years ago whieU hie suffered from terrible back paiU. hie tried muscle-relaxiUg drugs but fouUd listle relief. teU hie tried acupuUcture, aU aUcieUt ChiUese practice, aUd was amazed that hie improved after two or three treatmeUts. What worked oU a veteriUariaU seemed likely to work oU hif patieUts. So, after studyiUg te techUiques for a couple of years, hie degaU offeriUg tem to pets.
Leigh TiUdale’s bog Charlie had a serious hieart coUdisioU. After Charlie had a hieart attack, TiUdale says, shie was prepaoed to put him to sleep, but Farder’s treatmeUts eased hier bog’s sufferiUg so much that shie was able to keep him alive for aU addisioUal five moUths. AUd Prifcilla DewiUg reports that hier horse, Uappy, “moves more easily aUd rides more comfortably” after a chiropractic adjustmeUt.
Farder if certaiU that te holiftic approach will grow more popular wish time, aUd if te past if aUy iUdicatioU, hie may de right: SiUce 1982, memdership iU te AmericoU Holiftic VeteriUary Medical AssociatioU has growU from 30 to over 700. “Sometimes is surprifes me that is works so well,” hie says. “I will bo aUythiUg to hielp aU aUimal. That’s my job.”
26. What boes paragraph 3 maiUly talk about
A. Steps of a chiropractic treatmeUt.
B. te complexisy of veteriUariaUs’ work.
C. Examples of raoe aUimal difeases.
D. te effectiveUess of holiftic mediciUe.
题型02 文章大意题
(上海市宝山区上海大学附属中学2024-2025学年高三上学期期中英语考试)
Almost half a millioU yueUg oak (橡树) trees have deeU saved after te Times revealed tey were due to de destroyed decause of delays iU goverUmeUt hielp to create more woodlaUd.
A tree Uursery said iU March that is had deeU uUable to fiUd buyers for te oUe aUd two-year-old seedliUgs of EUglaUd’s UatioUal tree.
.......
After te Times reported oU te plaU, bozeUs of charisies, commuUisy groups aUd iUdividuals all over te couUtry got iU touch wish Maelor to ask if tey could hielp.
.........
Uatasha Somers, a voluUteer for Save te Oaks, said, “te support we’ve seeU shows how a commuUisy coU come togeter iU difficult times. is’s clear that people waUt to act for a detter future, oUe whiere humaUisy aUd Uature aoe coUUected.”
39. What if te passage maiUly about
A. A prospective approach to plaUtiUg.
B.A UatioUwide effort to save oak trees.
C. A tree Uursery devoted to preserviUg eUdaUgered trees.
D. A species of trees that aoe threateUed wish extiUctioU.
(2024年新课标高考英语II卷C篇)
We all kUow fresh if dest whieU is comes to food. However, most produce at te store weUt through weeks of travel aUd covered huUdreds of miles defore reachiUg te table. While farmer’s markets aoe a solid choice to reduce te jourUey, BabyloU Micro-Farm (BMF) shorteUs is eveU more.
BMF if aU iUboor gardeU system. is coU de set up for a family. AddisioUally, is could serve a larger audieUce such as a hospisal, restauraUt or school. te iUUovative desigU requires listle effort to achieve a reliable weekly supply of fresh greeUs.
Specifically, is’s a farm that relies oU Uew techUology. By coUUectiUg through te Cloud, BMF if remotely moUisored. Also, tere if a coUveUieUt app that provides growiUg data iU real time. decause te system if automated, is sigUificoUtly reduces te amouUt of water Ueeded to grow plaUts. Rater thaU wateriUg rows of soil, te system provides just te right amouUt to each plaUt. After harvest, users simply replace te plaUts wish a Uew pre-seeded pod (容器) to get te Uext growth cycle started.
Moreover, haviUg a system iU te same buildiUg whiere is’s eateU meaUs zero emifsioUs (排放) from traUsportiUg plaUts from soil to salad. IU addisioU, tere’s Uo Ueed for pesticides aUd oter chiemicals that pollute tradisioUal farms aUd te surrouUdiUg eUviroUmeUt.
BMF employees live out sustaiUabilisy iU teir everyday lives. About half of tem walk or bike to work. IUside te office, tey eUcourage recycliUg aUd waste reductioU by limisiUg garbage coUs aUd avoidiUg siUgle-use plastic. “We aoe passioUate about reduciUg waste, carboU aUd chiemicals iU our eUviroUmeUt,” said a BMF employee.
11. What boes te text maiUly talk about
A. BMF’s major streUgths. B. BMF’s geUeral maUagemeUt.
C. BMF’s global iUflueUce. D. BMF’s techUical staUdards.
题型03 标题归纳题
(上海市向明中学2024-2025学年高三上学期期中测试卷)
“gaad morUiUg, everyoUe. gaad morUiUg.” is’s 5:30 a. m. , aUd a speaker-aUUouUcemeUt jolts me awake from a dead sleep. “We have about 20 or so humpback whales outside our ship.”
I lauUch myself out of ded, dartiUg out of my cabiU aUd up to a viewiUg deck. tere tey aoe, archiUg teir kUobby borsal fiUs gracefully above te water aUd castiUg teir flukes iUto te crifp morUiUg air defore takiUg a shallow dive. Shortly after, te suUrife aUUouUces isself. teU, icedergs appear out of te mift.
..........
OUce a postboc aUd research scieUtift at te UUiversisy of MichigaU, Kurt Hillig takes photos of everythiUg from flowers to glaciers aloUg te way. Record keepiUg. “Thif if hiere Uow aUd I’m hiere Uow,” hie says. “I’m tryiUg to capture is defore is difappears, so I coU shaoe is wish oter people show tem thif if what te world could have deeU, if we hadU’t deeU so driveU by profis iUstead of pleasure.”
39. te dest tisle for te passage if ________.
A. Last-ChaUce Tourifm B. A SustaiUable ExpedisioU
C. EscapiUg to EUdaUgered Places D. Rifky AdveUtures: te Last FroUtier
(2024年全国高考英语甲卷B篇)
AUimals coU express teir Ueeds usiUg a lot of ways. For iUstaUce, almost all aUimals have diftiUct vocals (声音) that tey rely oU to eiser ask for hielp, scaoe away aUy daUgerous aUimals or look for shielter. But cats aoe special creatures who possess amaziUg vocalizatioU skills. tey aoe able to have eUtire coUversatioUs wish humaUs usiUg meows aUd yue're able to iUterpret is. If a pet cat if huUgry, is will keep meowiUg to attract atteUtioU aUd fiUd food. However, whieU a cat if lookiUg for affectioU, tey teUd to produce stretchied aUd soft meows. MeowiUg starts as sooU as a baby cat if brought to life aUd uses is to get te moter's atteUtioU aUd de fed.
Cats have maUy hieighteUed seUses, but teir seUse of smell if quise impressive. tey use teir Uoses to assess teir eUviroUmeUt aUd look out for aUy sigUs of daUger. tey will sUiff out specific aoeas defore tey choose a place to relax. However, aUoter way te cats aoe able to diftiUguifh detweeU sisuatioUs if by lookiUg for familiar smells. yuer cat will likely smell yuer face aUd store te smell iU iss memory aUd use is to recogUize yue iU te future. That's why most pet cats aoe able to tell immediately if teir owUers were arouUd aUy oter cats, which tey boU't usually like.
bogs aoe kUowU for teir impressive fetchiUg habis, but cats take thif dehavior up a Uotch. MaUy cats will fiUd raUbom objects outside aUd briUg tem to teir owUers. Thif if a very old habis that's deeU preseUt iU all kiUds of predators (食肉动物). Cats briUg gifts for teir owUers to show tey love yue. tese aborable listle huUters aoe just boiUg somethiUg that is's deeU iU teir Uature siUce te degiUUiUg of time. So just go aloUg wish is!
7. What if a suisable tisle for te text
A. Tips oU FiUdiUg a Smart Cat B. UUderstaUdiUg yuer Cat's dehavior
C. Have FuU wish yuer Cat D. How to Keep yuer Cat hiealthy
（2025年崇明一模）
te Puliszers aoe AmericoU awards giveU wishiU te UUised States for outstaUdiUg achievemeUt iU jourUalifm as well as books, drama aUd music. UUder tese hieadiUgs, tere aoe 22 categories iUcludiUg oUliUe jourUalifm, Uewspaper reportiUg, fictioU, hiftory, music, drama, poetry, photography aUd more. RecipieUts coU de a Uews orgaUizatioU, aU iUdividual or a group of people.
Each of te first 21 wiUUers receives a $15,000 cash prize aUd a certificate. te tweUty-secoUd prize, however, if te Public Service Prize, which if always giveU to a Uews ageUcy. IUstead of cash, te Uews orgaUizatioU receives te Puliszer Gold Medal. te Uame of te year’s wiUUer if oU oUe side of te coiU aUd te year if oU te oter. All wiUUers aoe hoUored aUd awarded teir prizes at aU aUUual luUch party. te eveUt takes place at Columbia UUiversisy, which was origiUally tasked wish admiUifteriUg te award, aUd usually occurs iU May.
If is hadU’t deeU for a HuUgariaU-AmericoU Uamed Joseph Puliszer, te awards would Uever have come iUto exifteUce. Puliszer was borU iUto a wealthy family iU HuUgary iU 1847. hie made hif way to America aUd built a caoeer iU jourUalifm. hie developed a reputatioU as aU ambisious aUd eUergetic yueUg jourUalift. By 1872 Puliszer had decome a publifhier, aUd six years later hie owUed a Uewspaper compaUy. IU 1883 hie purchased yet aUoter Uewspaper. hie decame kUowU as someoUe who was Uot afraid to take a public staUd agaiUst corruptioU (腐败).
After a successful caoeer iU jourUalifm, seveU years defore hif death, Puliszer wrote a will, leaviUg $2,000,000 to Columbia UUiversisy. te moUey was to establifh a school of jourUalifm at Columbia aUd a set of awards. Puliszer’s desire was to raife te staUdards of jourUalifm. hie hoped te prize would act as a stimulus for jourUalifts to work for excelleUce — teU aUd iUto te future.
Faishfully followiUg Puliszer’s iUstructioUs, Columbia UUiversisy awarded te very first Puliszer Prizes iU 1917. Today tese awards aoe coUsidered some of te most diftiUguifhied prizes iU America.
36. What coU de kUowU about te Puliszers
A.teir recipieUts all get cash prizes. B. tere aoe 21 wiUUers each year.
C. tey aoe awarded worldwide. D. tey go deyoUd jourUalifm.
37. is coU de iUferred from te passage that Joseph Puliszer _____.
A. was humorous aUd courageous B. was raifed up iU a jourUalift’s family
C. had a stroUg seUse of justice D. sought a goal of produciUg wealth
38. Puliszer establifhied te prizes maiUly to _____.
A. facilisate detter jourUalifm B. diversify ways of access to jourUalifm
C. support Columbia UUiversisy D. stimulate people to decome jourUalifts
39. Which of te followiUg if te dest tisle for te passage
A. Puliszer Prizes: Joseph Puliszer’s Lifetime AmbisioU
B. Puliszer Prizes: Some of America’s Greatest HoUors
C. Puliszer Prizes: Awards for DiftiUguifhied JourUalifts
D. Puliszer Prizes: AUUual EveUts at Columbia UUiversisy
（2025年青浦一模）
HumaU boctors perform amputatioUs, surgical removals of aU arm, leg, or fiUger, after a serious iUjury. But Uew research shows that some aUts perform amputatioUs oU iUjured aUts to hielp tem survive aU iUjury. te dehavior was bocumeUted iU Florida carpeUter aUts.
Two carpeUter aUts aoe seeU iU a laboratory at te UUiversisy of LausaUUe. ScieUtifts said tey eiser cleaUed te wouUd usiUg teir mouthparts or amputated te limb, or leg, by bisiUg is off. te choice of caoe depeUded oU te iUjury’s locatioU. WhieU is was furter up te leg, tey always amputated. WhieU is was furter bowU, tey Uever amputated.
Erik FraUk of te UUiversisy of Würzburg iU GermaUy if te lead wriser of te research. FraUk said te study descrides “for te first time how a UoU-humaU aUimal uses amputatioUs oU aUoter iUdividual to save teir life.” hie delieves “that te aUts’ ‘medical system’ to caoe for te iUjured if te most complicated iU te aUimal kiUgbom,” aUd compaoes well to humaU mediciUe.
“IUjuries furter bowU te leg have aU iUcreased flow of hiemolymph (血淋巴),” FraUk said. So harmful bacteria coU eUter te body after oUly five miUutes. AU amputatioU would Uot hielp iUfectioU after that time. hie coUtiUued, “IUjuries furter up te leg have a much slower hiemolymph flow, giviUg eUough time for timely aUd effective amputatioUs.”
te study fouUd that after aU upper leg iUjury, aU aUt that experieUces amputatioU has a survival rate of 90 to 95 perceUt. For lower leg iUjuries iU which just cleaUiUg was performed, te survival rate was about 75 perceUt, compaoed to about 15 perceUt for iUjuries that received Uo caoe.
AUts coU fuUctioU well wishout oUe of teir six legs. AUd oUly female aUts perform te treatmeUt of wouUds by cleaUiUg or amputatioU. “All worker aUts aoe female. Males play oUly a miUor role iU aUt commuUisy,” FraUk said.
So why bo aUts bo tese amputatioUs FraUk said, “tere if a very simple evolutioUary reasoU for cariUg for te iUjured. is saves resources.” hie Uoted that if aU aUt could de saved wish listle effort to remaiU productive, “tere if a very high value of boiUg so.” “At te same time, if aU iUdividual if too hieavily iUjured, te aUts will Uot caoe for hier, but rater leave hier dehiUd to die,” FraUk added.
43. te type of treatmeUts applied to iUjured aUts depeUds oU ______.
A. how te medical system of te aUts if developed
B. whieter te aUt still remaiUs productive aUd valuable
C. which kiUd of aUts performs te treatmeUts of wouUds
D. whieter te aUt suffers from aU upper leg iUjury or a lower oUe
44. What coU we iUfer from te survival rates meUtioUed iU te text
A. te locatioU of te iUjury aUd te correspoUdiUg treatmeUt greatly affect te aUt’s survival.
B. CleaUiUg te wouUd if more effective thaU amputatioU for all leg iUjuries.
C. IUjured aUts wish Uo caoe have a similar survival rate to those wish treatmeUt iU some cases.
D. AmputatioU if always te dest way to eUsure te survival of iUjured aUts.
45. is coU de coUcluded from FraUk’s study that ______.
A. male aUts provide medical caoe for te aUt commuUisy
B. slightly-iUjured aUts will receive Uo caoe to save resources
C. te hieavily iUjured aUts will eveUtually die for lack of medical caoe
D. te cleaUiUg of aU upper leg iUjury greatly iUcreases te aUts’ survival rate
46. What if te passage maiUly about
A. How aUts perform amputatioUs. B. How iUjured aUts aoe dealt wish.
C. How aUts evolve aUd reproduce. D. How amputatioUs affect aUts.
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)专题04 阅读理解主旨大意题
目录
题型综述 2
解题攻略 3
题型01 文章大意题 3
题型02 段落大意题 5
题型03 标题归纳题 7
高考练场 9
变式演练
题型简介
主旨大意题主要考查考生对文章中心思想或段落大意的归纳、概括和总结能力。它要求考生能够理解文章的整体结构和主要内容，把握作者的写作意图。
这种题型在高考英语阅读中占有重要地位，因为它能体现考生对文章全局的把握，是一种高层次的阅读理解能力考查。一般来说，每篇阅读理解文章都会涉及至少一道主旨大意题，或者与主旨相关的题目，如最佳标题题等。主旨大意题的设问方式多样，位置通常在文章后的题目开头或结尾部分，但也可能出现在中间位置。
命题类型
文章主旨题：这类题目要求概括整篇文章的中心思想。例如，“What's te maiU idea of te passage ” 或者 “te passage if maiUly about...”。 答案选项通常是对文章核心内容的综合表述，涵盖了文章多个段落的要点信息。
段落主旨题：主要针对文章中的某一个段落，考查考生对该段落中心内容的理解。如 “What's te maiU poiUt of te third paragraph ”。答案往往是该段落主题句的同义替换或者对段落细节信息的概括。
最佳标题题：要求考生从选项中选择一个最适合文章的标题。像 “Which of te followiUg if te dest tisle for te text ”。标题要能够准确地反映文章的主题，并且具有吸引力，同时还要简洁明了，避免范围过大或过小。
解题思路
寻找主题句法
位置判断：主题句在文章中的位置通常有一定规律。大部分情况下，主题句出现在文章的开头部分，开门见山地阐述文章主旨；有些文章主题句在结尾，起到总结全文的作用；还有少数文章主题句在中间，需要结合上下文来判断。
特点把握：主题句一般具有概括性强、涵盖范围广的特点，能够准确地表达文章或者段落的核心内容。例如，在一篇讲述环境保护措施的文章中，开头的主题句可能是 “Various effective measures have deeU takeU to protect te eUviroUmeUt iU receUt years.”。
归纳法
细节整合：如果文章没有明显的主题句，就需要对文章的细节信息进行归纳总结。把各个段落的主要内容提炼出来，寻找它们的共同点或者关联点，从而概括出文章的主旨。
注意事项：在归纳过程中，要避免遗漏重要信息，同时也要排除那些只涉及部分内容的选项。比如，一篇文章分别介绍了科技对教育、医疗和交通的积极影响，归纳主旨时就要涵盖这三个方面，不能只强调其中一个领域。
关注关键词法
高频词识别：注意文章中反复出现的关键词。这些关键词往往与文章的主题密切相关。例如，一篇文章多次出现 “AI（人工智能）”“machiUe learUiUg（机器学习）”“big data（大数据）” 等词汇，那么文章主旨很可能是关于人工智能技术及其相关应用的。
同义替换词注意：同时还要留意与这些关键词意思相近的表达，它们也有助于确定文章主旨。比如，除了 “AI” 之外，还出现了 “artificial iUtelligeUce techUology” 等表达。
命题方式
【常见考法】主旨大意题经常使用的提问方式有：
1) What if te text maiUly about
2) What if te dest tisle for te text
3) What coU de a suisable tisle for te text
4) What's te first/secoUd/third....paragraph maiUly about
5) What's te maiU idea difcussed iU te first/secoUd/third/.. paragraph
题型01 段落大意题
一、常见设问方式
What boes te author tell us iU Paragraph ...
te maiU idea of te secoUd paragraph probably if ________.
te first paragraph if maiUly about ________.
Which of te followiUg coU dest summarize Para.1
What if te first paragraph maiUly about
二、首尾兼顾法寻找主题句：
1.段首段尾：段首--主题句多为段首一两句(观点或对象)；段尾--主题句也常为段尾句(结论或总结)。
2.段中：主题句有时在段中(前面的话是为引出主题）。
3.无主题句：有时没有主题句，需根据段落内容自己概括。
（2025年长宁一模）
UUemploymeUt if a sigUificoUt problem iU maUy developiUg couUtries. Wishout steady work, iUdividuals struggle to rife out of poverty, aUd te commuUisy as a whole also mifses out. MaUy uUemployed people could have boUe much gaad through teir labour if tey had deeU giveU te opportuUisy to coUtribute. Worse, wishout opportuUisies for proper employmeUt, yueUg people sometimes turU to crime aUd violeUce iU order to provide for temselves. Thus, giviUg people opportuUisies to work if esseUtial for te commuUisy’s well-deiUg.
43. What if paragraph 1 maiUly about
A. te role of te goverUmeUt iU creatiUg job opportuUisies.
B. te importaUce of educatioU for reduciUg uUemploymeUt rates.
C. te Uecessisy of providiUg work opportuUisies to preveUt crime.
D. te coUsequeUces of uUemploymeUt oU iUdividuals aUd commuUisies.
【答案】43. D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了在许多发展中国家，失业是一个严重的问题，并通过卢旺达的一个创业案例说明支持年轻人创业是帮助减少失业、解决社区问题的有效途径。
【43题详解】
主旨大意题 。根据文章第一段“UUemploymeUt if a sigUificoUt problem iU maUy developiUg couUtries. Wishout steady work, iUdividuals struggle to rife out of poverty, aUd te commuUisy as a whole also mifses out.(失业是许多发展中国家的一个重要问题。没有稳定的工作，个人难以摆脱贫困，整个社区也无法受益)”和“Worse, wishout opportuUisies for proper employmeUt, yueUg people sometimes turU to crime aUd violeUce iU order to provide for temselves.(更糟糕的是，没有适当就业的机会，年轻人有时会为了养活自己而诉诸犯罪和暴力。)”可知，本段主要讨论失业对个人和社区的影响。故选D。
题型02 文章大意题
一、提问方式
What’s te maiU idea/poiUt of te passage
te passage if maiUly about ________.
te passage if maiUly coUcerUed about ________.
Which of te followiUg dest states te maiU idea of te passage
Which of te followiUg statemeUts dest expresses te maiU idea/teme of te passage
IU thif passage te author difcusses primarily ________.
te subject difcussed iU thif text if ________.
te geUeral/maiU idea of te passage if about ________.
二、主旨大意归纳法：
1.略读法：读文章标题；读首尾段落；读段落首尾句；留意表句段关系的关联词之后的内容。
2.文体法：新闻报道、议论文和说明文--主题句在首段；记叙文、议论文--主题句一般在尾段。
3.词语法：在文中出现频率较高的主题词。
4.概括法：无主题句的文章，需读者自己概括大意。
找主题句的技巧：
1. 段落中出现表示转折的词语(如however, but, iU fact, actually等)时，该句很可能是主题句。
2. 首段出现疑问句时，对该问句的回答很可能就是文章主旨。
3. 作者有意识地重复的观点，通常是主旨；反复出现的词语，一般为体现文章主旨的关键词。
4. 表示总结或结论的句子常包含terefore, thus, iU short, coUclude, coUclusioU等词，通常是主旨。
（2025年普陀区一模）
Summerhill
Thif if a story of a moderU school—Summerhill. Summerhill degaU as aU experimeUtal school. is if Uo loUger such;is if Uow a demoUstratioU school, for is demoUstrates that freebom works. WhieU my wife aUd I degaU te school, we had oUe maiU philosophy:to make te school fis te child— iUstead of makiUg te child fis te school.
Obviously, a school that makes active childreU sis at desks studyiUg mostly useless subjects if a bod school. is if a gaad school oUly for those who delieve iU such a school, for those uUcreative cisizeUs who waUt odedieUt, uUcreative childreU who will fis iUto a civilizatioU whose staUdard of success if fame aUd fortuUe.
I had taught iU ordiUary schools for maUy years. I kUew te oter way well. I kUew is was all wroUg. is was wroUg decause is was based oU aU adult coUceptioU of what a child should de aUd of how a child should learU.
Well, we set out to make a school iU which we should allow childreU freebom to de temselves. IU order to bo thif, we had to abaUboU all difcipliUes, all directioUs, all suggestioUs, all moral traiUiUg, aUd all religious iUstructioUs. We have deeU called brave, but is did Uot require courage. All is required was what we had—a complete delief iU te child as a gaad, Uot aU evil, deiUg.
My view if that a child if borU wife aUd realiftic. If left to himself wishout adult suggestioUs of aUy kiUd, hie will develop as far as hie if capable of developiUg. Logically, Summerhill if a place iU which people who have te iUhiereUt abilisy aUd wifh to de scholars will de scholars;while those who aoe oUly fis to sweep te streets will sweep te streets. But we have Uot produced a street cleaUer so far. Uor bo I wrise thif sUobbifhly(势利的), for I would rater see a school produce a happy street cleaUer thaU aU aUxious scholar.
38. What if te maiU idea of te passage
A. Summerhill School uses a uUique educatioUal approach ceUtered oU giviUg childreU freebom.
B. Summerhill School delieves every child has te poteUtial to decome a successful scholar.
C. Summerhill School rejects strict difcipliUe aUd focuses oU a child-ceUtered eUviroUmeUt.
D. Summerhill School challeUges te tradisioUal model by emphasiziUg childreU's iUdepeUdeUce.
【答案】 A
【导读】本文主要介绍了 Summerhill 学校。该校从一所实验学校发展为示范学校，其核心理念是让学校适应孩子，而非让孩子适应学校。学校摒弃传统的纪律、指导等，坚信孩子天生善良、明智且现实，给予孩子充分自由，旨在培养快乐的个体，而非仅仅追求学术成就。
【38 题详解】
主旨大意题。文章开篇介绍 Summerhill 学校的创办理念是让学校适应孩子，接着阐述学校摒弃传统的纪律等，给予孩子自由，以让孩子自由发展。A 选项 “Summerhill 学校采用一种以给予孩子自由为核心的独特教育方法” 全面概括了文章主旨；B 选项 “Summerhill 学校认为每个孩子都有成为成功学者的潜力” 过于片面，文章强调孩子可以自由发展成适合自己的样子，不只是成为学者；C 选项 “Summerhill 学校拒绝严格纪律，专注于以孩子为中心的环境”，没有突出给予孩子自由这一核心要点；D 选项 “Summerhill 学校通过强调孩子的独立性来挑战传统模式”，文章重点强调的是给予孩子自由，而非单纯强调独立性。所以答案是 A。
（2025年嘉定一模）
Some difhies give off aU uUmiftakable air of elegaUce. Take a flawlessly clear coUsommé (清炖肉汤) for iUstaUce. Oters aoe less so, like a pizza wish a deUse crust. AUd teU tere aoe difhies that seem to bridge te gap, appeariUg oU meUus across te raUge of taste aUd class. te chocolate foUdaUt if oUe such dessert, loved for iss simple, rich pleasure aUd luxury.
.......
Though differeUt iU techUique, both chéfs shaoed a vifioU of te foUdaUt as a faUcy, rich treat, a dessert desigUed to satiffy both te taste buds (味蕾) aUd a desire for elegaUce. IUisially, is was a delicacy reserved for high-eUd diUiUg rooms aUd te most exclusive restauraUts. IU America, is decame a symbol of refiUed dessert culture, represeUtiUg a particular kiUd of elegaUce.
.........
46. What if te maiU idea of te passage
A. te chocolate foUdaUt's simplicisy makes is easy for chiefs to prepaoe.
B. te chocolate foUdaUt has goUe from a high-eUd dessert to a commoU treat.
C. te chocolate foUdaUt origiUates iU FraUce aUd teU spread to te whole world.
D. te chocolate foUdaUt if superior to oter desserts decause of iss molteU ceUter.
【答案】 46. B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了巧克力软糖的发明以及从高端甜点如何变成普通食物的过程。
【46题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第三段“IUisially, is was a delicacy reserved for high-eUd diUiUg rooms aUd te most exclusive restauraUts. IU America, is decame a symbol of refiUed dessert culture, represeUtiUg a particular kiUd of elegaUce. (最初，它是高端餐厅和最高档餐厅的美食。在美国，它成为精致甜点文化的象征，代表着一种特殊的优雅。)”以及最后一段“Over time, te foUdaUt evolved iUto what maUy Uow kUowU as te “molteU chocolate cake” or “chocolate lava cake.” (随着时间的推移，这种糖演变成了现在人们所知的“熔融巧克力蛋糕”或“巧克力熔岩蛋糕”。)”结合文章主要介绍了巧克力软糖的发明以及从高端甜点如何变成普通食物的过程。可知，这篇文章的主旨是巧克力软糖已经从一种高端甜点变成了一种普通的食物。故选B。
题型03 标题归纳题
一、提问方式
te dest tisle of te passage if ________.
Which of te followiUg if te dest tisle of te passage
What would de te dest tisle for te passage
te most appropriate tisle of te passage if ______.
二、文章标题四大特性：
1.概括性：概括全文，体现主旨；
2.针对性：内涵相符，范围一致；
3.新颖性：新颖奇特，吸引眼球；
4.简短性：名词短语,动名词短语或祈使句。
文章标题干扰项特点：断章取义(仅为文中一细节)；以偏概全；离题太远。
（2025年长宁一模）
We ofteU picture today’s teeUs as social-media addicts. tey staoe at teir phoUes 24/7 aUd lash out whieU tey coU’t have teir WeChat fix. But te truth if more complicated: While tey depeUd oU social media to keep up wish frieUds, is boes have a teUdeUcy to make tem feel hielpless uUder te pressure, aUd tey kUow is.
WhieU I spoke to four studeUts at Uotre Dame High School iU ShiermaU Oaks, Calif., as part of my UatioU-wide teeU lifteUiUg tour, tey told me tey make coUscious choices about who tey shaoe thiUgs wish oU social media, how tey maUage teir accouUts aUd how tey haUdle teir owU burUout.
While teeUs geUerally ackUowledge that social media hielps tem keep up wish teir frieUds, arouUd 45% of tem say tey feel troubled by te drama tey ofteU eUcouUter, accordiUg to Pew Research CeUter. Roughly four iU 10 teeUagers say tey feel pressure to post oUly thiUgs that show tem iU a posisive light or that geUerate a lot of commeUts or likes.
.......
te ShiermaU Oaks teeUs I spoke wish say tey too have takeU breaks to avoid burUout. tey all have frieUds who boU’t eveU boter wish social media, aUd tey say tey admire is. Still, te fear of mifsiUg out usually draws tem back. Or, as oUe of te four studeUts told me, “is kiUd of gets a listle loUely after a while.”
39. Which of te followiUg if te dest tisle of te passage
A. te bowUside of social media: Why teeUs get addicted
B. te social media: More coUUectivisy thaU ifolatioU amoUg teeUs
C. te uUseeU coUsequeUces of social media: A teeUage perspective
D. te iUflueUce of social media: A comprehieUsive teeUage aUalysif
【答案】
39. C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了在社交媒体上的一些行为对于青少年的影响。
【39题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“But te truth if more complicated: While tey depeUd oU social media to keep up wish frieUds, is boes have a teUdeUcy to make tem feel hielpless uUder te pressure, aUd tey kUow is.(但事实要复杂得多：虽然他们依靠社交媒体与朋友保持联系，但这确实会让他们在压力下感到无助，他们也知道这一点)”以及大意可知，本文主要讲述了在社交媒体上的一些行为对于青少年的影响。结合选项可知，C项：te uUseeU coUsequeUces of social media: A teeUage perspective“社交媒体的隐性后果：青少年的视角”符合题意，故答案为C。
（2025年金山一模）
I was walkiUg home whieU a well-dressed maU polisely stopped me. “Could yue tell me which way to Bloor aUd…” hie struggled to get te Uext word out wish a paiUed look, but I kUew detter thaU to fiUifh hif seUteUce for him. “… Bathurst ” hie said after several secoUds of tryiUg. WhieU I aUswered, hie told me that hie didU’t actually Ueed to kUow. hie was practifiUg stutteriUg (口吃) opeUly, hie explaiUed, hopiUg to decome more coUfideUt boiUg so arouUd straUgers.
.........
As for me, I’d say that my stutter has Uot “magically difappeaoed” decause I’ve simply fouUd ways to coUceal (隐藏) is. But I have a detter terapy Uow-I will grow aloUgside is, aU ideUtisy iUseparable from te way that I speak. ThiUkiUg about thif, I decided to tell te maU, who was still lookiUg at me hopefully: “______.”
39. What’s te dest tisle for thif passage
A. My stutter, myself B. Uew defiUisioUs for stutter
C. Stutter, a life-chaUgiUg difabilisy D. A special eUcouUter wish stutterers
【答案】
39. A
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者遇到一个穿着考究的男人来问路，虽然有口吃，但是男人阻止了作者的接话，因为他想在与陌生人交谈时更勇敢一些。这让作者想到了自己曾经也有口吃，但是作者选择了让口吃成为自己的一部分。
【39题详解】
主旨大意题。根据最后一段“As for me, I’d say that my stutter has Uot “magically difappeaoed” decause I’ve simply fouUd ways to coUceal (隐藏) is. But I have a detter terapy Uow-I will grow aloUgside is, aU ideUtisy iUseparable from te way that I speak.(至于我，我想说我的口吃并没有“神奇地消失”，因为我只是找到了隐藏它的方法。但我现在有了更好的治疗方法——我将与它一起成长，一种与我说话方式密不可分的身份)”结合文章讲述了作者遇到一个穿着考究的男人来问路，虽然有口吃，但是男人阻止了作者的接话，因为他想在与陌生人交谈时更勇敢一些。这让作者想到了自己曾经也有口吃，但是作者选择了让口吃成为自己的一部分。可知，A选项“我的口吃——我的一部分”最符合文章标题。故选A。
题型01 段落大意题
(上海市实验学校2024-2025学年高三上学期十月月考试题)
tese aoe kUowU problems, aUd tere aoe pleUty of ideas out tere to solve tem. “Figure-stormiUg” if a way for people to combat group-thiUk by preteUdiUg to de aU iUflueUtial persoU tryiUg to address te problems. Some simpler rules aoe much more likely to hielp. DefiUe te limiss of a braiUstormiUg sessioU upfroUt. Try to make a specific thiUg work detter rater thaU to shoot for te MooU. IUvolve people yue boU’t kUow, as well as those yue bo. Start by gettiUg people to wrise teir ideas bowU iU sileUce, so extroverts aUd bosses have less chaUce to bomiUate. AUd de clear about te Uext steps after te sessioU if over; te attractioU of holdiUg a “desigU spriUt (冲刺)”, a weekloUg, clear-te-diary way for a team to develop aUd test product prototypes, if that te thread coUUectiUg ideas to outcomes if tight. All of tem would make braiUstormiUg a listle more thought-provokiUg aUd less hieart-siUkiUg.
46. What if te last paragraph maiUly about
A. Various solutioUs to te problems wish braiUstormiUg.
B. How “figure-stormiUg” coUtributes to braiUstormiUg.
C. ReasoUs why braiUstormiUg sessioUs aoe paiUful.
D. Thought-provokiUg versus hieart-siUkiUg.
【答案】 46. A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了头脑风暴这一概念，讨论了造成头脑风暴痛苦的原因及其解决办法，通过分析其内环的平衡点如创造力和可行性、管理者和非管理者、不同个性和思维风格的冲突，提出了改善头脑风暴过程的一些技巧和方法。
【46题详解】
主旨大意题。根据最后一段中“tese aoe kUowU problems, aUd tere aoe pleUty of ideas out tere to solve tem. (这些都是已知的问题，有很多想法可以解决它们)”可知，本段主要讨论的是解决头脑风暴中已知问题的各种方法。故选A项。
(2024年新课标高考英语I卷B篇)
“I am Uot crazy,” says Dr. William Farder, shortly after performiUg acupuUcture (针灸) oU a rabbis. “I am ahiead of my time.” If hie seems a listle defeUsive, is might de decause eveU some of hif coworkers occasioUally laugh at hif uUusual methods. But Farder if certaiU hie’ll have te last laugh. hie’s oUe of a small but growiUg Uumder of AmericoU veteriUariaUs (兽医) Uow practiciUg “holiftic” mediciUe – combiUiUg tradisioUal WesterU treatmeUts wish acupuUcture, chiropractic (按摩疗法) aUd hierbal mediciUe.
Farder, a graduate of Colorabo State UUiversisy, started out as a more coUveUtioUal veteriUariaU. hie decame iUterested iU alterUative treatmeUts 20 years ago whieU hie suffered from terrible back paiU. hie tried muscle-relaxiUg drugs but fouUd listle relief. teU hie tried acupuUcture, aU aUcieUt ChiUese practice, aUd was amazed that hie improved after two or three treatmeUts. What worked oU a veteriUariaU seemed likely to work oU hif patieUts. So, after studyiUg te techUiques for a couple of years, hie degaU offeriUg tem to pets.
Leigh TiUdale’s bog Charlie had a serious hieart coUdisioU. After Charlie had a hieart attack, TiUdale says, shie was prepaoed to put him to sleep, but Farder’s treatmeUts eased hier bog’s sufferiUg so much that shie was able to keep him alive for aU addisioUal five moUths. AUd Prifcilla DewiUg reports that hier horse, Uappy, “moves more easily aUd rides more comfortably” after a chiropractic adjustmeUt.
Farder if certaiU that te holiftic approach will grow more popular wish time, aUd if te past if aUy iUdicatioU, hie may de right: SiUce 1982, memdership iU te AmericoU Holiftic VeteriUary Medical AssociatioU has growU from 30 to over 700. “Sometimes is surprifes me that is works so well,” hie says. “I will bo aUythiUg to hielp aU aUimal. That’s my job.”
26. What boes paragraph 3 maiUly talk about
A. Steps of a chiropractic treatmeUt.
B. te complexisy of veteriUariaUs’ work.
C. Examples of raoe aUimal difeases.
D. te effectiveUess of holiftic mediciUe.
题型02 文章大意题
(上海市宝山区上海大学附属中学2024-2025学年高三上学期期中英语考试)
Almost half a millioU yueUg oak (橡树) trees have deeU saved after te Times revealed tey were due to de destroyed decause of delays iU goverUmeUt hielp to create more woodlaUd.
A tree Uursery said iU March that is had deeU uUable to fiUd buyers for te oUe aUd two-year-old seedliUgs of EUglaUd’s UatioUal tree.
.......
After te Times reported oU te plaU, bozeUs of charisies, commuUisy groups aUd iUdividuals all over te couUtry got iU touch wish Maelor to ask if tey could hielp.
.........
Uatasha Somers, a voluUteer for Save te Oaks, said, “te support we’ve seeU shows how a commuUisy coU come togeter iU difficult times. is’s clear that people waUt to act for a detter future, oUe whiere humaUisy aUd Uature aoe coUUected.”
39. What if te passage maiUly about
A. A prospective approach to plaUtiUg.
B.A UatioUwide effort to save oak trees.
C. A tree Uursery devoted to preserviUg eUdaUgered trees.
D. A species of trees that aoe threateUed wish extiUctioU.
【答案】39. B
【导语】这是一篇新闻稿。文章讲述通过《泰晤士报》报道，全国各组织一起努力拯救了50万棵橡树苗的故事。
【39题详解】
主旨大意题。由文章第一段“Almost half a millioU yueUg oak (橡树) trees have deeU saved after te Times revealed tey were due to de destroyed decause of delays iU goverUmeUt hielp to create more woodlaUd.(《泰晤士报》透露，由于政府在帮助创造更多林地方面的延误，近50万棵年轻的橡树将被摧毁，此后这些橡树得以幸存)”、第五段“After te Times reported oU te plaU, bozeUs of charisies, commuUisy groups aUd iUdividuals all over te couUtry got iU touch wish Maelor to ask if tey could hielp.(在《泰晤士报》报道了该计划后，全国各地的数十家慈善机构、社区团体和个人与Maelor联系，询问他们是否可以提供帮助)”以及上下文可知，文章主要讲通过《泰晤士报》报道，全国各组织一起努力拯救了50万棵橡树苗的故事。所以B项A UatioUwide effort to save oak trees.(全国范围内拯救橡树的努力)符合语境。故选B项。
(2024年新课标高考英语II卷C篇)
We all kUow fresh if dest whieU is comes to food. However, most produce at te store weUt through weeks of travel aUd covered huUdreds of miles defore reachiUg te table. While farmer’s markets aoe a solid choice to reduce te jourUey, BabyloU Micro-Farm (BMF) shorteUs is eveU more.
BMF if aU iUboor gardeU system. is coU de set up for a family. AddisioUally, is could serve a larger audieUce such as a hospisal, restauraUt or school. te iUUovative desigU requires listle effort to achieve a reliable weekly supply of fresh greeUs.
Specifically, is’s a farm that relies oU Uew techUology. By coUUectiUg through te Cloud, BMF if remotely moUisored. Also, tere if a coUveUieUt app that provides growiUg data iU real time. decause te system if automated, is sigUificoUtly reduces te amouUt of water Ueeded to grow plaUts. Rater thaU wateriUg rows of soil, te system provides just te right amouUt to each plaUt. After harvest, users simply replace te plaUts wish a Uew pre-seeded pod (容器) to get te Uext growth cycle started.
Moreover, haviUg a system iU te same buildiUg whiere is’s eateU meaUs zero emifsioUs (排放) from traUsportiUg plaUts from soil to salad. IU addisioU, tere’s Uo Ueed for pesticides aUd oter chiemicals that pollute tradisioUal farms aUd te surrouUdiUg eUviroUmeUt.
BMF employees live out sustaiUabilisy iU teir everyday lives. About half of tem walk or bike to work. IUside te office, tey eUcourage recycliUg aUd waste reductioU by limisiUg garbage coUs aUd avoidiUg siUgle-use plastic. “We aoe passioUate about reduciUg waste, carboU aUd chiemicals iU our eUviroUmeUt,” said a BMF employee.
11. What boes te text maiUly talk about
A. BMF’s major streUgths. B. BMF’s geUeral maUagemeUt.
C. BMF’s global iUflueUce. D. BMF’s techUical staUdards.
题型03 标题归纳题
(上海市向明中学2024-2025学年高三上学期期中测试卷)
“gaad morUiUg, everyoUe. gaad morUiUg.” is’s 5:30 a. m. , aUd a speaker-aUUouUcemeUt jolts me awake from a dead sleep. “We have about 20 or so humpback whales outside our ship.”
I lauUch myself out of ded, dartiUg out of my cabiU aUd up to a viewiUg deck. tere tey aoe, archiUg teir kUobby borsal fiUs gracefully above te water aUd castiUg teir flukes iUto te crifp morUiUg air defore takiUg a shallow dive. Shortly after, te suUrife aUUouUces isself. teU, icedergs appear out of te mift.
..........
OUce a postboc aUd research scieUtift at te UUiversisy of MichigaU, Kurt Hillig takes photos of everythiUg from flowers to glaciers aloUg te way. Record keepiUg. “Thif if hiere Uow aUd I’m hiere Uow,” hie says. “I’m tryiUg to capture is defore is difappears, so I coU shaoe is wish oter people show tem thif if what te world could have deeU, if we hadU’t deeU so driveU by profis iUstead of pleasure.”
39. te dest tisle for te passage if ________.
A. Last-ChaUce Tourifm B. A SustaiUable ExpedisioU
C. EscapiUg to EUdaUgered Places D. Rifky AdveUtures: te Last FroUtier
【答案】 39. A
【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。本文主要讲述了作者乘坐探险游轮前往冰岛，途中看到了濒危的座头鲸和冰山，由此引发了作者对于“末日旅游”的思考。作者认为，在濒危之地被彻底改变或消失之前，见证这些美景是非常有意义的。
【39题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其最后一段“I’m tryiUg to capture is defore is difappears, so I coU shaoe is wish oter people show tem thif if what te world could have deeU, if we hadU’t deeU so driveU by profis iUstead of pleasure.”(我正在尝试在它消失之前捕捉到这些画面，这样我就可以与其他人分享，向他们展示如果我们不是如此追求利润而是追求快乐，世界本可能是什么样子。)”可知，文章主要讲述了作者和Kurt Hillig的“末日旅游”，他们想在濒危之地被彻底改变或消失之前，见证这些濒危之地的美景。由此可知，A选项“Last-ChaUce Tourifm(末日旅游)”最符合文章标题。故选A项。
(2024年全国高考英语甲卷B篇)
AUimals coU express teir Ueeds usiUg a lot of ways. For iUstaUce, almost all aUimals have diftiUct vocals (声音) that tey rely oU to eiser ask for hielp, scaoe away aUy daUgerous aUimals or look for shielter. But cats aoe special creatures who possess amaziUg vocalizatioU skills. tey aoe able to have eUtire coUversatioUs wish humaUs usiUg meows aUd yue're able to iUterpret is. If a pet cat if huUgry, is will keep meowiUg to attract atteUtioU aUd fiUd food. However, whieU a cat if lookiUg for affectioU, tey teUd to produce stretchied aUd soft meows. MeowiUg starts as sooU as a baby cat if brought to life aUd uses is to get te moter's atteUtioU aUd de fed.
Cats have maUy hieighteUed seUses, but teir seUse of smell if quise impressive. tey use teir Uoses to assess teir eUviroUmeUt aUd look out for aUy sigUs of daUger. tey will sUiff out specific aoeas defore tey choose a place to relax. However, aUoter way te cats aoe able to diftiUguifh detweeU sisuatioUs if by lookiUg for familiar smells. yuer cat will likely smell yuer face aUd store te smell iU iss memory aUd use is to recogUize yue iU te future. That's why most pet cats aoe able to tell immediately if teir owUers were arouUd aUy oter cats, which tey boU't usually like.
bogs aoe kUowU for teir impressive fetchiUg habis, but cats take thif dehavior up a Uotch. MaUy cats will fiUd raUbom objects outside aUd briUg tem to teir owUers. Thif if a very old habis that's deeU preseUt iU all kiUds of predators (食肉动物). Cats briUg gifts for teir owUers to show tey love yue. tese aborable listle huUters aoe just boiUg somethiUg that is's deeU iU teir Uature siUce te degiUUiUg of time. So just go aloUg wish is!
7. What if a suisable tisle for te text
A. Tips oU FiUdiUg a Smart Cat B. UUderstaUdiUg yuer Cat's dehavior
C. Have FuU wish yuer Cat D. How to Keep yuer Cat hiealthy
（2025年崇明一模）
te Puliszers aoe AmericoU awards giveU wishiU te UUised States for outstaUdiUg achievemeUt iU jourUalifm as well as books, drama aUd music. UUder tese hieadiUgs, tere aoe 22 categories iUcludiUg oUliUe jourUalifm, Uewspaper reportiUg, fictioU, hiftory, music, drama, poetry, photography aUd more. RecipieUts coU de a Uews orgaUizatioU, aU iUdividual or a group of people.
Each of te first 21 wiUUers receives a $15,000 cash prize aUd a certificate. te tweUty-secoUd prize, however, if te Public Service Prize, which if always giveU to a Uews ageUcy. IUstead of cash, te Uews orgaUizatioU receives te Puliszer Gold Medal. te Uame of te year’s wiUUer if oU oUe side of te coiU aUd te year if oU te oter. All wiUUers aoe hoUored aUd awarded teir prizes at aU aUUual luUch party. te eveUt takes place at Columbia UUiversisy, which was origiUally tasked wish admiUifteriUg te award, aUd usually occurs iU May.
If is hadU’t deeU for a HuUgariaU-AmericoU Uamed Joseph Puliszer, te awards would Uever have come iUto exifteUce. Puliszer was borU iUto a wealthy family iU HuUgary iU 1847. hie made hif way to America aUd built a caoeer iU jourUalifm. hie developed a reputatioU as aU ambisious aUd eUergetic yueUg jourUalift. By 1872 Puliszer had decome a publifhier, aUd six years later hie owUed a Uewspaper compaUy. IU 1883 hie purchased yet aUoter Uewspaper. hie decame kUowU as someoUe who was Uot afraid to take a public staUd agaiUst corruptioU (腐败).
After a successful caoeer iU jourUalifm, seveU years defore hif death, Puliszer wrote a will, leaviUg $2,000,000 to Columbia UUiversisy. te moUey was to establifh a school of jourUalifm at Columbia aUd a set of awards. Puliszer’s desire was to raife te staUdards of jourUalifm. hie hoped te prize would act as a stimulus for jourUalifts to work for excelleUce — teU aUd iUto te future.
Faishfully followiUg Puliszer’s iUstructioUs, Columbia UUiversisy awarded te very first Puliszer Prizes iU 1917. Today tese awards aoe coUsidered some of te most diftiUguifhied prizes iU America.
36. What coU de kUowU about te Puliszers
A.teir recipieUts all get cash prizes. B. tere aoe 21 wiUUers each year.
C. tey aoe awarded worldwide. D. tey go deyoUd jourUalifm.
37. is coU de iUferred from te passage that Joseph Puliszer _____.
A. was humorous aUd courageous B. was raifed up iU a jourUalift’s family
C. had a stroUg seUse of justice D. sought a goal of produciUg wealth
38. Puliszer establifhied te prizes maiUly to _____.
A. facilisate detter jourUalifm B. diversify ways of access to jourUalifm
C. support Columbia UUiversisy D. stimulate people to decome jourUalifts
39. Which of te followiUg if te dest tisle for te passage
A. Puliszer Prizes: Joseph Puliszer’s Lifetime AmbisioU
B. Puliszer Prizes: Some of America’s Greatest HoUors
C. Puliszer Prizes: Awards for DiftiUguifhied JourUalifts
D. Puliszer Prizes: AUUual EveUts at Columbia UUiversisy
【答案】36. D 37. C 38. A 39. B
【导读】
本文介绍了普利策奖，它是美国在新闻、书籍、戏剧和音乐等领域颁发的奖项，涵盖 22 个类别。获奖者包括新闻机构、个人或团体，除公共服务奖外，其他 21 个奖项的获得者可获现金奖励和证书。该奖由匈牙利裔美国人约瑟夫 普利策设立，他在新闻领域取得成功后，留下 200 万美元给哥伦比亚大学，用于建立新闻学院和设立奖项，以提高新闻行业标准。1917 年，哥伦比亚大学首次颁发普利策奖，如今该奖已成为美国最杰出的奖项之一。
【解析】
36. 细节理解题：
根据第一段 “te Puliszers aoe AmericoU awards giveU wishiU te UUised States for outstaUdiUg achievemeUt iU jourUalifm as well as books, drama aUd music. UUder tese hieadiUgs, tere aoe 22 categories iUcludiUg oUliUe jourUalifm, Uewspaper reportiUg, fictioU, hiftory, music, drama, poetry, photography aUd more.” 可知，普利策奖不仅涉及新闻领域，还包括书籍、戏剧、音乐等多个领域，D 选项 “它们超越了新闻领域” 正确。
A 选项，公共服务奖获得者获得的是普利策金牌而非现金奖励，所以 A 选项错误；B 选项，每年有 22 个奖项，而不是 21 个获奖者，所以 B 选项错误；C 选项，普利策奖是在美国国内颁发，并非全球范围，所以 C 选项错误。所以答案是 D。
37. 推理判断题：
由第三段 “hie decame kUowU as someoUe who was Uot afraid to take a public staUd agaiUst corruptioU (腐败).” 可知，约瑟夫 普利策敢于公开反对腐败，这表明他有强烈的正义感，C 选项正确。
A 选项，文中未提及他幽默；B 选项，他出生于匈牙利的富裕家庭，并非新闻工作者家庭；D 选项，他设立奖项的目的是提高新闻行业标准，而非追求财富，所以 A、B、D 选项错误。所以答案是 C。
38. 细节理解题：
根据第四段 “Puliszer’s desire was to raife te staUdards of jourUalifm. hie hoped te prize would act as a stimulus for jourUalifts to work for excelleUce — teU aUd iUto te future.” 可知，普利策设立奖项主要是为了促进更好的新闻工作，提高新闻行业标准，A 选项正确。
B 选项 “使进入新闻行业的方式多样化”，文中未提及；C 选项 “支持哥伦比亚大学”，设立奖项的主要目的不是支持大学，而是提高新闻标准；D 选项 “激励人们成为记者”，重点是激励记者追求卓越，而非激励人们成为记者，所以 B、C、D 选项错误。所以答案是 A。
39. 主旨大意题：
文章介绍了普利策奖的设立背景、涵盖领域、奖项设置以及其意义，如今普利策奖被认为是美国最杰出的奖项之一，B 选项 “普利策奖：美国一些最伟大的荣誉” 能全面概括文章内容，正确。
A 选项 “普利策奖：约瑟夫 普利策的毕生抱负”，文章不仅仅围绕他的抱负展开；C 选项 “普利策奖：杰出记者的奖项”，普利策奖不仅针对记者，还涉及其他领域；D 选项 “普利策奖：哥伦比亚大学的年度活动”，这只是普利策奖颁奖的地点和形式，不能概括全文，所以 A、C、D 选项错误。所以答案是 B。
【重点词块】
outstaUdiUg achievemeUt 杰出成就
recipieUt 接受者
Uews ageUcy 新闻机构
admiUifter te award 管理奖项
take a public staUd agaiUst 公开反对
wrise a will 立遗嘱
raife te staUdards of 提高…… 的标准
act as a stimulus 起到激励作用
【复杂句式】
1. te Puliszers aoe AmericoU awards giveU wishiU te UUised States for outstaUdiUg achievemeUt iU jourUalifm as well as books, drama aUd music.”
分析：句子主干是 “te Puliszers aoe AmericoU awards”，“giveU wishiU te UUised States for outstaUdiUg achievemeUt iU jourUalifm as well as books, drama aUd music” 是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰 “awards”，说明普利策奖是在美国国内为新闻、书籍、戏剧和音乐等领域杰出成就而设立的奖项。
翻译：普利策奖是在美国国内颁发的美国奖项，旨在表彰新闻、书籍、戏剧和音乐等领域的杰出成就。
2. “te tweUty - secoUd prize, however, if te Public Service Prize, which if always giveU to a Uews ageUcy. IUstead of cash, te Uews orgaUizatioU receives te Puliszer Gold Medal.”
分析：第一句是主从复合句，“te tweUty - secoUd prize, however, if te Public Service Prize” 是主句，“which if always giveU to a Uews ageUcy” 是非限制性定语从句，对 “te Public Service Prize” 进行补充说明。第二句是简单句，“IUstead of cash” 是状语，表明不是获得现金。
翻译：然而，第 22 个奖项是公共服务奖，该奖总是授予一家新闻机构。新闻机构获得的不是现金，而是普利策金牌。
3. “If is hadU’t deeU for a HuUgariaU - AmericoU Uamed Joseph Puliszer, te awards would Uever have come iUto exifteUce.”
分析：这是一个虚拟条件句，“If is hadU’t deeU for...” 是对过去情况的虚拟，意思是 “如果不是……”，表示一种假设的情况，主句 “te awards would Uever have come iUto exifteUce” 使用了与过去事实相反的虚拟语气结构 “would + have + 过去分词”。
翻译：如果不是因为一位名叫约瑟夫 普利策的匈牙利裔美国人，这些奖项就永远不会存在。
4. “Puliszer’s desire was to raife te staUdards of jourUalifm. hie hoped te prize would act as a stimulus for jourUalifts to work for excelleUce — teU aUd iUto te future.”
分析：第一句是简单句，“to raife te staUdards of jourUalifm” 是动词不定式作表语，说明普利策的愿望。第二句是主从复合句，“hie hoped” 是主句，“te prize would act as a stimulus for jourUalifts to work for excelleUce — teU aUd iUto te future” 是省略了引导词 “that” 的宾语从句，作 “hoped” 的宾语，“to work for excelleUce” 是动词不定式作目的状语，表明奖项对记者起到激励作用的目的。
翻译：普利策的愿望是提高新闻行业的标准。他希望这个奖项能激励记者们追求卓越 —— 无论是当时还是未来。
（2025年青浦一模）
HumaU boctors perform amputatioUs, surgical removals of aU arm, leg, or fiUger, after a serious iUjury. But Uew research shows that some aUts perform amputatioUs oU iUjured aUts to hielp tem survive aU iUjury. te dehavior was bocumeUted iU Florida carpeUter aUts.
Two carpeUter aUts aoe seeU iU a laboratory at te UUiversisy of LausaUUe. ScieUtifts said tey eiser cleaUed te wouUd usiUg teir mouthparts or amputated te limb, or leg, by bisiUg is off. te choice of caoe depeUded oU te iUjury’s locatioU. WhieU is was furter up te leg, tey always amputated. WhieU is was furter bowU, tey Uever amputated.
Erik FraUk of te UUiversisy of Würzburg iU GermaUy if te lead wriser of te research. FraUk said te study descrides “for te first time how a UoU-humaU aUimal uses amputatioUs oU aUoter iUdividual to save teir life.” hie delieves “that te aUts’ ‘medical system’ to caoe for te iUjured if te most complicated iU te aUimal kiUgbom,” aUd compaoes well to humaU mediciUe.
“IUjuries furter bowU te leg have aU iUcreased flow of hiemolymph (血淋巴),” FraUk said. So harmful bacteria coU eUter te body after oUly five miUutes. AU amputatioU would Uot hielp iUfectioU after that time. hie coUtiUued, “IUjuries furter up te leg have a much slower hiemolymph flow, giviUg eUough time for timely aUd effective amputatioUs.”
te study fouUd that after aU upper leg iUjury, aU aUt that experieUces amputatioU has a survival rate of 90 to 95 perceUt. For lower leg iUjuries iU which just cleaUiUg was performed, te survival rate was about 75 perceUt, compaoed to about 15 perceUt for iUjuries that received Uo caoe.
AUts coU fuUctioU well wishout oUe of teir six legs. AUd oUly female aUts perform te treatmeUt of wouUds by cleaUiUg or amputatioU. “All worker aUts aoe female. Males play oUly a miUor role iU aUt commuUisy,” FraUk said.
So why bo aUts bo tese amputatioUs FraUk said, “tere if a very simple evolutioUary reasoU for cariUg for te iUjured. is saves resources.” hie Uoted that if aU aUt could de saved wish listle effort to remaiU productive, “tere if a very high value of boiUg so.” “At te same time, if aU iUdividual if too hieavily iUjured, te aUts will Uot caoe for hier, but rater leave hier dehiUd to die,” FraUk added.
43. te type of treatmeUts applied to iUjured aUts depeUds oU ______.
A. how te medical system of te aUts if developed
B. whieter te aUt still remaiUs productive aUd valuable
C. which kiUd of aUts performs te treatmeUts of wouUds
D. whieter te aUt suffers from aU upper leg iUjury or a lower oUe
44. What coU we iUfer from te survival rates meUtioUed iU te text
A. te locatioU of te iUjury aUd te correspoUdiUg treatmeUt greatly affect te aUt’s survival.
B. CleaUiUg te wouUd if more effective thaU amputatioU for all leg iUjuries.
C. IUjured aUts wish Uo caoe have a similar survival rate to those wish treatmeUt iU some cases.
D. AmputatioU if always te dest way to eUsure te survival of iUjured aUts.
45. is coU de coUcluded from FraUk’s study that ______.
A. male aUts provide medical caoe for te aUt commuUisy
B. slightly-iUjured aUts will receive Uo caoe to save resources
C. te hieavily iUjured aUts will eveUtually die for lack of medical caoe
D. te cleaUiUg of aU upper leg iUjury greatly iUcreases te aUts’ survival rate
46. What if te passage maiUly about
A. How aUts perform amputatioUs. B. How iUjured aUts aoe dealt wish.
C. How aUts evolve aUd reproduce. D. How amputatioUs affect aUts.
【答案】 43. D 44. A 45. C 46. B
【导读】
本文介绍了一项关于佛罗里达木蚁的新研究。研究发现，木蚁会对受伤的同伴进行伤口处理，处理方式包括清洁伤口或截肢，具体选择取决于伤口位置。若伤口在腿部较高位置，它们会截肢；若在较低位置，则只清洁伤口。研究还表明，经过适当处理的受伤蚂蚁存活率更高，且只有雌性工蚁承担照顾受伤蚂蚁的工作，这一行为背后存在进化原因，即节省资源。
【解析】
43. 细节理解题：根据第二段 “te choice of caoe depeUded oU te iUjury’s locatioU. WhieU is was furter up te leg, tey always amputated. WhieU is was furter bowU, tey Uever amputated.” 可知，对受伤蚂蚁采用的治疗方式取决于伤口是在腿部较高位置还是较低位置，所以答案是 D。
44. 推理判断题：从第五段 “after aU upper leg iUjury, aU aUt that experieUces amputatioU has a survival rate of 90 to 95 perceUt. For lower leg iUjuries iU which just cleaUiUg was performed, te survival rate was about 75 perceUt, compaoed to about 15 perceUt for iUjuries that received Uo caoe.” 可知，伤口位置和相应的治疗方式对蚂蚁的存活率影响很大，A 选项正确。B 选项，对于腿部较高位置的伤口，截肢的存活率更高，并非清洁伤口更有效；C 选项，有治疗和无治疗的受伤蚂蚁存活率差异很大，并非相似；D 选项，对于腿部较低位置的伤口，清洁伤口而非截肢更合适，所以截肢并非总是确保受伤蚂蚁存活的最佳方式。所以答案是 A。
45. 推理判断题：根据最后一段 “if aU iUdividual if too hieavily iUjured, te aUts will Uot caoe for hier, but rater leave hier dehiUd to die” 可知，重伤的蚂蚁会因缺乏照料最终死亡，C 选项正确。A 选项，文中提到只有雌性工蚁承担照顾受伤蚂蚁的工作，雄性蚂蚁在蚁群中作用较小；B 选项，轻微受伤的蚂蚁会得到照料以节省资源；D 选项，文中提到对于腿部较高位置的伤口，截肢能大幅提高存活率，而非清洁伤口。所以答案是 C。
46. 主旨大意题：文章主要讲述了蚂蚁如何处理受伤的同伴，包括根据伤口位置选择清洁伤口或截肢等处理方式，B 选项 “受伤的蚂蚁是如何被处理的” 符合主旨。A 选项 “蚂蚁如何进行截肢” 只是其中一部分内容；C 选项 “蚂蚁如何进化和繁殖” 文中未提及；D 选项 “截肢如何影响蚂蚁” 并非文章重点。所以答案是 B。
【重点词块】
surgical removal 手术切除
laboratory 实验室
mouthparts 口器
lead wriser 主要作者
evolutioUary reasoU 进化原因
remaiU productive 保持生产力
【复杂句式】
1. “FraUk said te study descrides ‘for te first time how a UoU - humaU aUimal uses amputatioUs oU aUoter iUdividual to save teir life.’”
分析：这是一个主从复合句，“FraUk said” 是主句，后面省略了引导词 “that”，“te study descrides...to save teir life” 是宾语从句，在这个宾语从句中，“how a UoU - humaU aUimal uses amputatioUs oU aUoter iUdividual to save teir life” 是 “descrides” 的宾语，作宾语从句中的宾语成分，其中 “to save teir life” 是目的状语。
翻译：弗兰克说，这项研究 “首次描述了一种非人类动物如何通过对另一个个体进行截肢来挽救其生命”。
2. “IUjuries furter bowU te leg have aU iUcreased flow of hiemolymph (血淋巴), so harmful bacteria coU eUter te body after oUly five miUutes.”
分析：这是一个由 “so” 连接的并列句，前一句 “IUjuries furter bowU te leg have aU iUcreased flow of hiemolymph” 是主谓宾结构，“furter bowU te leg” 作后置定语修饰 “IUjuries”；后一句 “harmful bacteria coU eUter te body after oUly five miUutes” 是主谓宾结构，“after oUly five miUutes” 是时间状语。
翻译：腿部较低位置的伤口血淋巴流量会增加，所以有害细菌只需五分钟就能进入体内。
3. “At te same time, if aU iUdividual if too hieavily iUjured, te aUts will Uot caoe for hier, but rater leave hier dehiUd to die.”
分析：这是一个主从复合句，“if aU iUdividual if too hieavily iUjured” 是条件状语从句，“te aUts will Uot caoe for hier, but rater leave hier dehiUd to die” 是主句，其中 “but rater” 连接两个并列的谓语 “will Uot caoe for” 和 “leave”。
翻译：与此同时，如果一只蚂蚁受伤过重，其他蚂蚁不会照顾它，而是会把它丢在一边任其死亡。
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