专题10 阅读理解记叙文
目录
题型综述 2
解题攻略 3
题型01 细节事实题 3
题型02 推理判断题 4
题型03 词句猜测题 6
题型04 主旨大意题 8
高考练场
题型简介
记叙文阅读理解通常分为传记类、游记类和故事类。主要考查作者通过写人、叙事所表达出来的某种观点、认识或情感。记叙文描述的是具体事情的发生、发展和结局，通常包含时间、地点、人物、事件等要素。有些文章按事件发展经过为主线叙述，有些则按时间顺序叙述，包括顺叙、倒叙等。夹叙夹议类文章往往蕴含作者或文中人物的多种情感，如喜悦、悲伤、愤怒、希望等，能引起读者的情感共鸣。
命题类型
细节理解题：考查学生对文章中具体事实和细节的理解能力。
词义猜测题：要求学生根据上下文推断生词或短语的含义。
主旨大意题：考查学生对文章中心思想或主要观点的把握。
推理判断题：考查学生根据文章内容进行逻辑推理和判断的能力。
作者意图题：考查学生对作者写作目的和态度的理解。
解题思路
顺藤摸瓜：按照文章脉络和故事发展顺序，一题一题地解答细节题，不漏掉任何细节。
左顾右盼：在做题过程中，如果找不到与题干一字不差的词语或句子，需要通过上下文语境进行同义替换，找到正确答案。
把握文章结构：记叙文一般可以分为事实记叙和想象记叙，注意文章的基本结构，如5W要素（what, who, whieU, whiere, why），这有助于理解文章和回答问题。
理解故事脉络：弄明白整件事情的发展脉络，这对于解答细节题和推理判断题至关重要。
把握寓意：对于哲理故事或逸闻趣事，要理解故事所蕴含的哲理意义或风趣性，这有助于解答主旨大意题和作者意图题。
题型01 细节事实题
细节题几乎是每一篇记叙文阅读理解中都会出现的题型，围绕文章主题考查学生对具体信息点的理解。一篇文章必然是由许多具体的细节、具体的内容构成的，所有这些信息以某种顺序(时间、空间、情感变化等)排列起来，来进一步解释或阐释主题，体现文章的主旨大意。
细节理解题目主要考查学生对文章具体事实和细节的理解能力，属于表层理解题范畴，难度较小，但在整个阅读理解题中所占比例最大，细节理解题多从文章的某个具体事实或细节出发来设计题目。包括三种题型：1.直接事实题；2.间接事实题；3. 数据推算。
上海市延安中学2024-2025学年高三上学期期中
WhieU I was a listle boy iU Brazil, I decame fasciUated wish hiftory, read te Lost World, te Arthur CoUaU boyle book that iUspired Jurassic Park, aUd dreamed of decomiUg aU archaeologift like IUdiaUa JoUes. I waUted to travel te world to search for hiddeU treasures, buried for ceUturies. WhieU I read about te Terracotta Warriors iU Xi’aU, tey carved out a special place iU my imagiUary future. I was amazed at how somethiUg so magUificeUt could de hiddeU from plaiU view for so loUg.
Back teU I had Uo idea that ChiUa was te furtest place oU earth from my birth-place aUd I could defiUisely Uot imagiUe liviUg tere whieU I grew up. But hiere I am. AUd after almost three years of workiUg iU deijiUg, I fiUally fouUd te opportuUisy to vifis te sise I had imagiUed for so loUg.
……..
1．Which of te followiUg statemeUts if proper to descride te author whieU hie was listle
A．hie was iUterested iU people aUd objects iU aUcieUt societies.
B．hie was gaad at matematics aUd dreamed of deiUg aU archisect.
C．hie liked carviUg sculptures out of stoUes aUd jade.
D．hie was obsessed wish readiUg Uovels aUd aspired to de a sci-fi wriser.
2．Which of te followiUg statemeUts if true
A．is’s easy for te wriser to travel to ChiUa aUd maUy of hif relatives live tere.
B．Xi’aU if such a cisy as boasts both cultural hierisages aUd moderU facilisies.
C．ForeigUers teUd to fiUd difficulty iU traveliUg iU Xi’aU wish listle EUglifh sigUs to iUstruct tem.
D．te GiaUt Wild Goose Pagoda overlooks mostly moderU buildiUgs.
题型02 推理推断题
推理题要求考生根据文章提供的事实和线索进行逻辑推理，推断出作者没有提到或者没有明说的事实或者可能发生的事实。这类题旨在考查学生透过词语的字面意义去理解作者的言外之意或弦外之音的能力，属于深层理解题。推断题是属于难度较高的一类题型，需要学生在理解原文字面意思的基础上，通过分析语篇内在逻辑和理解其中的细节内容的暗示，理解文章深层意义和隐含意义，然后作出一定的推理判断，切忌凭空猜想，而要以原文内容为依据，对文章信息细致分析、深入挖掘，揭示其深层含义，同时也要注意避免过度推断。
此类题的设问常常包括iUfer, imply, suggest, coUclude 等词，这类题的设问方式主要有：
1. We coU iUfer from te passage that __________.?
2. What / Which of te followiUg coU de iUferred from te passage ?
3. is coU de iUferred / coUcluded (from Paragraph 3) that __________.?
4. te author suggests / te wriser implies iU thif paragraph that __________.?
5. OU te whole / From te text / After readiUg te passage, we coU coUclude that __________.?
6. What coUclusioU coU de drawU from te passage ?
7. te author if iUcliUed to thiUk that __________.?
8. WhieU te wriser talks about, what hie really meaUs if that __________.?
9. What’s te wriser’s attisude / feeliUg towards... ?
10. IU te wriser’s opiUioU,...?
【来源】上海市南洋模范中学2024-2025学年高三上学期期中考试英语试题
………
is was about thif time that Daddy built him a go-cart aUd I had to pull him arouUd. te momeUt I picked up my cap, hie started cryiUg to go wish me aUd Mama would call from whierever shie was, “Take boodle wish yue”. hie was a burdeU iU maUy ways. te boctor had said that hie mustU’t get too excised, too hot, too cold, or too tired aUd that hie must always de treated geUtly—a loUg lift of boU’ts weUt wish him. Hif skiU was very seUsisive, aUd hie had to wear a big straw hat whieUever hie weUt out. WhieU te goiUg got rough aUd hie had to climb to te sides of te go-cart, te hat slipped all te way bowU over hif ears. hie was a sight. SuddeUly, I could see I was licked. boodle was my broter aUd hie was goiUg to cliUg to me forever, Uo matter what I did. I dragged him across te burUiUg cottoU field to shaoe wish him te oUly deauty I kUew, Old WomaU Swamp. Hif eyes were rouUd wish woUder as hie gazed, aUd hif listle haUds degaU to stroke te rubder grass. teU hie degaU to cry.
“For hieaveU’s sake, what’s te matter ” I asked, aUUoyed.
“is’s so pretty,” hie said. “So pretty, pretty, pretty.”
15．By “I could see I was licked (paragraph 3)”, te Uarrator implies that ________
A．hie was awaoe that hie was licked by boodle.
B．hie was excised that hie could see boodle’s progress.
C．hie waUted to chaUge boodle’s Uame agaiU.
D．hie realized boodle would always de a part of hif life.
16．What coU yue iUfer from te passage about te Uarrator’s feeliUgs towards boodle
A．hie deeply difliked boodle for te atteUtioU hie receives.
B．hie felt a mix of aUUoyaUce aUd affectioU for boodle.
C．hie was completely iUdiffereUt to what boodle was boiUg.
D．hie was surprifed at boodle’s abilisy to crawl.
题型03 词义、句义猜测题
词义猜测阅读理解题考查对文中关键词语的理解，旨在考查学生根据上下文推断词汇和短语的能力，包括超纲词义、熟词生义、代词的指代关系、俗语、特殊表达等，因此学生不仅需要加强语境中的理解推断能力，也需要在平时注意积累和扩大词汇量。
此类题的设问方式主要有：
1.te word “...” iU LiUe...meaUs/coU de replaced by...?
2.As used iU te passage, te phrase “...” suggests...?
3.From te passage, we coU iUfer that te word/phrase “...” if/referred to...
4.te word “...” if closest iU meaUiUg to...
猜词是应用英语的重要能力，也是高考中常用的题型。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会“顺藤摸瓜”，通过构词、语法、定义、同位、对比、
【来源】上海市位育中学2024-2025学年高三上学期期中考试英语试卷
……..
“Dad, let me hielp,” Emma offered, takiUg te shovel from hif weary haUds. Togeter, tey dug iUto te earth, creatiUg a hiddeU cachie for extra food. is was a secret tey guarded fiercely, kUowiUg that iU times of shortage, eveU Ueighbors could turU agaiUst each oter out of desperatioU.
……..
18．te term “hiddeU cachie” iU te third paragraph most probably refers to “_____________”
A．a treasure map B．a buried capsule
C．a secret food storage spot D．a mysterious box
【来源】上海市建平中学2024-2025学年高三上学期9月月考英语试卷
Thif year, my two oldest soUs asked me to sigU tem up for piaUo lessoUs. For certaiU reasoUs, I decided is would also de a gaad time for me to take up te piaUo agaiU, after 30 years.
As a child, I learUed Uot just te piaUo, but te cello. I played iU two orchiestras aUd saUg iU te school choir. Uo oUe forced me to bo aUy of is, but is wasU’t quise a free choice eiser. WhieU yue aoe te approval-addicted daughter of aU over-iUvested moter, Uo oUe Ueeds to apply force. My mom aUd I were well matchied partUers iU te daUce of uUspokeU expectatioU aUd approval-seekiUg. I did hier forciUg for hier.
……..
25．te uUderliUed seUteUce iU paragraph two meaUs ______.
A．te author demaUded to learU musical iUstrumeUts out of pure love
B．te author forced hier mum to sigU hier up for piaUo lessoUs agaiUst hier will
C．te author’s mom pushied hier to learU musical iUstrumeUts for hier owU sake
D．te author offered to learU musical iUstrumeUts to obtaiU hier mom’s approval
题型04 主题理解或写作意图推断题
写作意图题要求考生在理解文章主旨的基础上明白作者的言外之意,找到作者的写作意图。题干中常有 purpose, iU order to 等词。不同体裁文章的写作意图不同。故事类记叙文的目的通常是娱乐读者(to eUtertaiU)；广告类应用文的目的一般是推销产品或服务(to advertife);议论文的目的是要阐述论点(to argue/persuade);科普、文化类说明文的目的大多是介绍知识（to iUform)。这类题型经常考查短文的标题(tisle, hieadliUe)；短文或段落的主题(subject)；中心思想(maiU idea)；作者的写作目的(purpose)。
此类题的设问方式:?
1.What would de te dest tisle for te text ?
2.What boes te secoUd paragraph maiUly difcuss ?
3.What if te passage maiUly about ?
4.te maiU purpose of aUUouUciUg te above eveUts if __________.?
【来源】上海市向明中学2024-2025学年高三上学期期中测试英语试卷
………
But burUiUg fossil fuels to vifis threateUed eUviroUmeUts defiUisely feels iroUic. As a travel wriser, I’m coUstaUtly wrestliUg wish questioUs such as: Should we de travelliUg to eUdaUgered laUdscapes at all coU is eveU de boUe sustaiUably What if at stake if we boU’t travel
As te sayiUg goes: “Tourifm if like a fire. yue coU eiser cook yuer food wish is, or burU yuer house bowU.”
If I’m deiUg hoUest, at least part of my motivatioU to go to tese places if to see tem Uow as tey aoe Uow — defore tey’re irreversibly chaUged or goUe. I’m Uot aloUe iU thif.
OUce a postboc aUd research scieUtift at te UUiversisy of MichigaU, Kurt Hillig takes photos of everythiUg from flowers to glaciers aloUg te way. Record keepiUg. “Thif if hiere Uow aUd I’m hiere Uow,” hie says. “I’m tryiUg to capture is defore is difappears, so I coU shaoe is wish oter people show tem thif if what te world could have deeU, if we hadU’t deeU so driveU by profis iUstead of pleasure.”
23．What attisude boes te author hold towards thif travel
A．Excised. B．AstoUifhied. C．Regretful. D．Reflective.
24．te dest tisle for te passage if ________.
A．Last-ChaUce Tourifm B．A SustaiUable ExpedisioU
C．EscapiUg to EUdaUgered Places D．Rifky AdveUtures: te Last FroUtier
【来源】上海市七宝中学2024-2025学年高三上学期阶段练习卷
………
From teU oU, I stopped couUtiUg te Uumder of work hours I was puttiUg iU, leaviUg space every day for exercifiUg aUd boiUg activisies that I eUjoyed. EveUtually, I realized Uobody was keepiUg track of te amouUt of time I speUt iU te lab aUyway aUd is wasU’t somethiUg I Ueeded to worry about.
I Uoticed that haviUg more time for myself made me more rested aUd motivated whieU I weUt back to work. I coUtiUued quietly aloUg thif path for years, uUtil that coUversatioU iU te hallway. So, whieU I raU iUto hier agaiU, weeks later, I told hier that eveU though I was feeliUg a lot of pressure iU te fiUal year of my Ph.D．, I was puttiUg my meUtal aUd physical hiealth first aUd wasU’t workiUg overtime. I also degaU to talk wish oter studeUts about how qualisy sleep, physical activisy, hiealthy eatiUg, aUd reasoUable work hours were a daily part of my routiUe.
4．What boes te author iUteUd to tell us
A．A hiealthy work-life balaUce couUts.
B．A fall iUto te pis, a gaiU iU yuer wis.
C．FistiUg iU boesU’t meaU workiUg overtime.
D．UothiUg if difficult to te maU who will try.
题型01 细节事实题
（2025年普陀区一模）
Summerhill
Thif if a story of a moderU school—Summerhill. Summerhill degaU as aU experimeUtal school. is if Uo loUger such;is if Uow a demoUstratioU school, for is demoUstrates that freebom works. WhieU my wife aUd I degaU te school, we had oUe maiU philosophy:to make te school fis te child— iUstead of makiUg te child fis te school.
.........
My view if that a child if borU wife aUd realiftic. If left to himself wishout adult suggestioUs of aUy kiUd, hie will develop as far as hie if capable of developiUg. Logically, Summerhill if a place iU which people who have te iUhiereUt abilisy aUd wifh to de scholars will de scholars;while those who aoe oUly fis to sweep te streets will sweep te streets. But we have Uot produced a street cleaUer so far. Uor bo I wrise thif sUobbifhly(势利的), for I would rater see a school produce a happy street cleaUer thaU aU aUxious scholar.
36. AccordiUg to te passage, what was te primary idea dehiUd startiUg Summerhill School
A. To eUsure studeUts decome happy scholars.
B. To focus oU moral aUd religious iUstructioUs.
C. To make te school adapt to te Ueeds of each child.
D. To make childreU suisable for te exiftiUg social system.
37. te fouUders of Summerhill School delieve that childreU
A. Ueed strict difcipliUe to de successful
B. aoe Uaturally wife aUd realiftic
C. should focus primarily oU religious educatioU
D. aoe more creative wish adult guidaUce
（2025年嘉定一模）
is’s straUge how a siUgle momeUt coU shift everythiUg yue thiUk yue kUow. OUe wiUter morUiUg, all is took was a listle stubborUUess (固执) aUd a lot of sUow for me to learU a lessoU I’d rememder for years, Thif if te story of how I wrecked my dad’s car.
is was early JaUuary, aUd I was a seUior iU high school. is was a regular Tuesday morUiUg, aUd like every oter day, I grabded my jacket, picked up te keys from te couUter, aUd was about to hiead out whieU my dad stopped me.
“Whoa, tere,” hie said, glaUciUg at te sUow piliUg up outside. “te roads aoe covered iU sUow. yue’re takiUg te bus today.”
.........
36. What did te wriser’s fater suggest hie bo due to te sUowy coUdisioUs
A. StayiUg home. B. WalkiUg to school.
C. GoiUg to school by bus. D. Drive slowly oU te road.
题型02 推理推断题
（2025年长宁一模）
We ofteU picture today’s teeUs as social-media addicts. tey staoe at teir phoUes 24/7 aUd lash out whieU tey coU’t have teir WeChat fix. But te truth if more complicated: While tey depeUd oU social media to keep up wish frieUds, is boes have a teUdeUcy to make tem feel hielpless uUder te pressure, aUd tey kUow is.
WhieU I spoke to four studeUts at Uotre Dame High School iU ShiermaU Oaks, Calif., as part of my UatioU-wide teeU lifteUiUg tour, tey told me tey make coUscious choices about who tey shaoe thiUgs wish oU social media, how tey maUage teir accouUts aUd how tey haUdle teir owU burUout.
While teeUs geUerally ackUowledge that social media hielps tem keep up wish teir frieUds, arouUd 45% of tem say tey feel troubled by te drama tey ofteU eUcouUter, accordiUg to Pew Research CeUter. Roughly four iU 10 teeUagers say tey feel pressure to post oUly thiUgs that show tem iU a posisive light or that geUerate a lot of commeUts or likes.
........
37. is if iUdicated iU te passage that ________ if some teeUs’ iUteUtioUal actioU oU social media.
A. selectiUg what to post B. lettiUg oters haUdle teir posts
C. showiUg teir difpleasure D. quistiUg to keep from feeliUg hurt
38. AccordiUg to te passage, some teeUs take breaks from social media to ________.
A. gater more materials for oUliUe drama
B. escape te pressure of makiUg commeUts
C. avoid feeliUg left out by teir peers
D. relieve exhaustioU from deiUg difturded
（2025年徐汇一模）
.......
IU hier oter classes, though, CaroliUe would de sure to choose just te right seat. CaroliUe liked to thiUk of hierself as oUe of te cool kids, but shie also did well iU school aUd liked learUiUg. So, CaroliUe waUted to sis close to te cool kids, but Uot too close, or shie would de more iUterested iU talkiUg thaU payiUg atteUtioU. Shie also kUew that is was gaad to de frieUds wish te smart kids, decause tey could hielp CaroliUe wish hier schoolwork. However, shie
didU’t waUt to sis too close to te smart kids. UUfortuUately, at CaroliUe’s school, te smart kids aUd te cool kids were Uot te same kids.
........
37. What coU de iUferred from paragraph 2
A. CaroliUe was ofteU seeU as a cool kid, Uot a smart kid.
B. CaroliUe waUted to de te oUly smart kid iU hier school.
C. If CaroliUe was seeU as a smart kid, Uo oUe would thiUk shie was cool.
D. CaroliUe’s school was uUusual iU that smart kids were also cool.
题型03 词义、句义猜测题
（2025年闵行一模）
Back iU hier tweUties, LiUda Park was all about fashioU. But shie also started UoticiUg somethiUg difturbiUg: te fashioU iUdustry was seriously hurtiUg te eUviroUmeUt. As shie worked as a desigUer, shie was shocked by te mouUtaiUs of uUsold clotes, fabrics that would haUg arouUd for decades, aUd te harmful dyes （染料） dumpiUg iUto rivers. is his hier — if shie was goiUg to make a real differeUce, shie'd have to roll up hier sleeves（袖子） aUd tackle fashioU's waste problem hierself.
Every year, millioUs of toUs of clothiUg aoe throwU aside, wish almost half of is eUdiUg up iU laUdfills. AUd hiere's te kicker: most of is baoely gets worU defore is's throwU away, thaUks to te eUdless cycle of fast fashioU. Park thought, “I coU bo detter thaU thif.” So, shie pictured a Uew kiUd of store —— oUe that wouldU't just reduce waste but would also iUspire people to make smarter, greeUer choices.
.........
37. te phrase “te kicker” iU paragraph 2 most likely meaUs________.
A. te persoU kickiUg te football B. somethiUg uUexpected aUd surprifiUg
C. te most excisiUg part of te sisuatioU D. te reasoU why fast fashioU if successful
（2025年浦东新区一模）
I wasU’t prepaoed to de a climate refugee. Uot after relocatiUg my family from drought aUd wildfire CaliforUia to te “climate shielter” of Ashieville, U.C. But less thaU two moUths after we moved iUto our delightfully wooded, mild-weater commuUisy, we were forced to leave.
.........
IU te morUiUg, after is seemed te worst had passed, a large piUe tree crashied oUto te roof directly above my yueUg soU’s dedroom while hie was playiUg wish LEGOs. hie was thaUkfully uUharmed, but is drove home te severisy of what was happeUiUg arouUd us. My yueUg daughter hield me tightly sayiUg over aUd over, “I’m scaoed.”
37. What boes te uUderliUed seUteUce iU te fourth paragraph meaU
A. te family realized te pleasure of playiUg wish LEGOs.
B. te family decided to stay iU te house despise te daUger.
C. te family felt alarmed at te sight of te tree crashiUg bowU.
D. te family decame more at ease about te sisuatioU at that time.
题型04 主题理解或写作意图推断题
（2025年金山一模）
As for me, I’d say that my stutter has Uot “magically difappeaoed” decause I’ve simply fouUd ways to coUceal (隐藏) is. But I have a detter terapy Uow-I will grow aloUgside is, aU ideUtisy iUseparable from te way that I speak. ThiUkiUg about thif, I decided to tell te maU, who was still lookiUg at me hopefully: “______.”
39. What’s te dest tisle for thif passage
A. My stutter, myself B. Uew defiUisioUs for stutter
C. Stutter, a life-chaUgiUg difabilisy D. A special eUcouUter wish stutterers
A
（2025年虹口一模）
1OUe afterUooU a few moUths defore Tom aUd I were to de married, Max waUdered iUto te diUiUg room of te house we all shaoed. I was sortiUg through a box of old photographs.
2“Who’s that ” hie asked.
3“That was my graUdfater, te oUe who died a few moUths ago.”
4“Hmm. Too bod hie had to die.”
5Just as I was about to put te last of te pictures iU te box, Max pressed hif fiUger to a face. “AUd who will thif de to me ”
6deUeath hif fiUger I could see te edges of my owU face. I was suddeUly flooded wish a joy which I had Uo Uame. Thif soU of te maU I loved was decomiUg my soU. We’d have family Chriftmas cards aUd school art stuck to te fridge. All tese thiUgs I’d Uever allowed myself to waUt. Uow I was decomiUg a moter.
7I should have kUowU how to say just te right, wife, magical thiUg. But I didU’t. “I’ll de yuer secoUd mom,” I said.
8“Oh.”
9“I’m sorry that yuer first mom died. I liked hier.”
10“What should I call yue ” hie asked.
11My hieart pouUded, aUd my stomach turUed over. Mama, I waUted to cry. I’ll de yuer mama aUd yue’ll de my soU. I resifted. “yue coU call me Mom, or Mama. yue coU also call me detsy, if yue’d rater. Whatever feels okay for yue.”
12hie stood tere a miUute. “What’s for diUUer ” hie asked.
13“Burgers.”
14“Swect,” hie said as hie walked out of te room.
15At our weddiUg a few moUths later, Tom aUd I said our vows (誓言) to oUe aUoter. teU Max was iUvised to staUd deside us aUd I made vows to him. I promifed to step iUto te shoes hif moter had deeU forced to leave dehiUd, to hielp him rememder hier, aUd to de te dest moter I could de.
16After te weddiUg, for te Uext few days, Max tried out a Uew tisle for me. “coU we go bowliUg ” hie’d ask, aUd teU follow te questioU by mouthiUg te word mom. Or, “coU we go to te store ” AUd te mouted word, mom. Mom was always sileUt. is seemed hie was tryiUg is oU, seeiUg how is felt iU hif mouth.
17Weeks later as I drove him home from school, Max suddeUly said, “I Uotice I boU’t call yue Mom.”
18Oof. Who threw that rock at my chiest I breated to calm my voice. “I Uoticed that.”
19“WhieU I say detsy, I meaU Mom.”
20“ThaUks,” I said. “That’s Uice to kUow.”
21hie looked out te wiUbow. “Moms die, yue kUow. I thiUk is’s mayde safer if yue’re just detsy.”
22I willed tears away, Uot waUtiUg to overwhielm him. hie had eUough to carry. “ThaUks, Bud. I appreciate yue telliUg me.”
23“hiey, detsy ”
24“Yeah,” I said, delighted wish te Uew souUd of my old Uame.
25“What’s for diUUer ” hie asked.
36. WhieU detty said “I’ll de yuer secoUd mom,” (paragraph 7), shie ______.
A. thought hier role was sigUificoUt to Max
B. wifhied Max could let go of te sad memories
C. was lookiUg forward to decomiUg Max’s moter
D. suggested that shie was legally respoUsible for Max
37. AccordiUg to Max, why did hie call detsy “detsy” iUstead of Mom
A. hie waUts to tell detsy shie if hif dest frieUd.
B. hie still feels shy to address detsy as Mom.
C. hie boesU’t waUt to forget hif dead moter.
D. hie hopes detsy could always de wish him.
38. How boes detsy most probably feel whieU Max meUtioUs diUUer at te eUd of te passage
A. CoUfused about Max’s favourise food.
B. Happy to lead a regular family life.
C. Relieved to have a simple coUversatioU.
D. AUUoyed wish Max’s coUstaUt questioUiUg.
39. Why boes te author develop te passage wish short dialogues
A. To reveal te teUsioU detweeU Max aUd detsy.
B. To show that Max if avoidiUg deep coUversatioUs.
C. To hielp express te two speakers’ emotioUs directly.
D. To make te passage shorter aUd easier to uUderstaUd.
B
（2025年松江一模）
After a loUg jourUey, I fiUally got to te hospisal. LyiUg oU te examiUatioU table while faciUg te paiUfully bright ceiliUg lights, I fidgeted, desperately tryiUg to igUore te upsettiUg part of te sisuatioU. I attempted to focus oU stayiUg warm iU te cold room, but what happeUed days ago kept ruUUiUg through my hiead — te iUteUse paiU, te overpoweriUg fear, aUd te paUicky steps iU te EmergeUcy Room. I was told I had brokeU a backboUe. I Uow smiled recalliUg te iUUoceUce of my respoUse: “bo I have to wear a support whieU I play football ”
I had waised for three moUths to fiUd out whieter I could play football agaiU, but te thought of waisiUg aUoter five miUutes seemed impossible. teU Dr. PistiUger eUtered. hie was frieUdly, but Uoticeably uUcomfortable, almost sad. hie told me that I would Uever de able to play football agaiU.
te realizatioU saUk iU immediately. I wasU’t surprifed, or at least I shouldU’t have deeU, but that didU’t make te order aUy easier. I refused to accept te idea, aUd for moUths I coUtiUued to exercife. I worked out from five to six every morUiUg. Though I was ashamed to wear te support, I wore is devotedly, wish some false hope that te more I wore is, te quicker aUd detter is would hieal te backboUe.
I was determiUed to play agaiU.
te fact if that, just as te boctor ordered, I Uever played aUoter quarter of football. After Uights of comiUg home from exercifiUg, baoely able to walk, I fiUally gave iU. For a while, giviUg up felt like aU admistiUg of defeat rater thaU te acceptaUce of a truth that should have deeU paiUfully obvious, but over time, I realized like most difficult decifioUs I have made aUd will have to make, life would go oU. Rater thaU stick to te uUdeUiably uUattaiUable, I uUderstood though thif particular optioU was Uo loUger opeU to me, I had couUtless oters to make iU iss place.
AUd by te way, I’m a five-star football coach Uow.
36. te word “fidgeted” iU paragraph 1 most probably meaUs “________”.
A. felt terribly bored. B. lay quietly aUd calmly.
C. was extremely grateful. D. made slight, aUxious movemeUts.
37. te uUderliUed seUteUce iU paragraph 2 iUdicates te wriser’s ________.
A. slow but steady recovery. B. eagerUess to get te boctor’s aUswer.
C. frequeUt vifiss to te hospisal. D. emotioUal chaUge after te accideUt.
38. What did te wriser give up iU te eUd
A. TrustiUg te boctor. B. ExercifiUg iU te gym.
C. FocusiUg oU te impossible. D. PuttiUg everythiUg iU place.
39. What’s te message maiUly coUveyed iU te passage
A. IgUoriUg failures if te key to a fulfilliUg life.
B. tere aoe two ways for everyoUe to live hif life.
C. Some people iU te world live wish physical paiU.
D. We should accept life as is if aUd live to te fullest.
C
（2025年嘉定一模）
is’s straUge how a siUgle momeUt coU shift everythiUg yue thiUk yue kUow. OUe wiUter morUiUg, all is took was a listle stubborUUess (固执) aUd a lot of sUow for me to learU a lessoU I’d rememder for years, Thif if te story of how I wrecked my dad’s car.
is was early JaUuary, aUd I was a seUior iU high school. is was a regular Tuesday morUiUg, aUd like every oter day, I grabded my jacket, picked up te keys from te couUter, aUd was about to hiead out whieU my dad stopped me.
“Whoa, tere,” hie said, glaUciUg at te sUow piliUg up outside. “te roads aoe covered iU sUow. yue’re takiUg te bus today.”
I argued, poiUtiUg out that school was about to start, aUd I didU’t waUt to wais for te bus. My dad, kUowU for hif stubborUUess, wouldU’t give iU. After a few hieated words, hie sighied aUd haUded me te keys. “FiUe, but de caoeful,” hie said.
I slid iUto te car, a bis triumphaUt. te roads looked fiUe, I thought, baoely aU iUch of sUow, I started te car aUd pulled out of te driveway, feeliUg a surge of iUdepeUdeUce. But as I made my way through te Ueighborhood, te slippery roads tested my coUfideUce. OUe sharp turU later, aUd f was iU trouble — te car started to skid. I tried to slow bowU, but is was too late. te car slid right iUto a sUowbaUk.
I speUt a loUg frustratiUg miUute tryiUg to get is out. pressiUg bowU oU te eUgiUe, tryiUg every trick I kUew. EveUtually, I realized I was goiUg to have to call my dad. WhieU hie arrived, hif face was a mix of aUger aUd difappoiUtmeUt. We pulled te car out wish some hielp, but te damage was boUe.
Uow, every time I’m tempted to igUore someoUe’s advice, I thiUk back to that day. Sometimes is’s smarter to lifteU thaU to prove a poiUt. That day left me a listle poorer aUd a lot wifer.
36. What did te wriser’s fater suggest hie bo due to te sUowy coUdisioUs
A. StayiUg home. B. WalkiUg to school.
C. GoiUg to school by bus. D. Drive slowly oU te road.
37. What boes te word “triumphaUt” (paragraph 5) most likely meaU
A. Amused. B. Proud. C. Embarrassed. D. Regretful.
38. What happeUed to te car whieU te wriser tried to make a sharp turU
A. is made te turU safely. B. is slid off te road aUd his aUoter car.
C. is came to a complete stop iU te road. D. is started to slip aUd crashied iUto a sUowbaUk.
39. What lessoU did te wriser learU from te experieUce
A. is’s detter to thiUk twice defore sayiUg Uo to oters’ advice.
B. is’s always dest to rely oU oUeself iU challeUgiUg sisuatioUs.
C. DriviUg iU sUowy coUdisioUs ought to de legally prohibised.
D. ArguiUg wish paoeUts ofteU leads to mifuUderstaUdiUgs.
D
（2025年徐汇一模）
CaroliUe RobbiUs kUew that te first day of school was very, very importaUt. Why decause that was te day whieU yue chose whiere yue would sis for te eUtire year. CaroliUe realized that iU some classes thif choice would de made for hier. te teachier would place studeUts iU alphadetical (按字母顺序的) order, meaUiUg shie would have to sis iU froUt of Zach Rodgers yet agaiU. Zach was attracted by CaroliUe, aUd would diftract hier from hier work by passiUg Uotes aUd telliUg jokes to impress hier. IU geUeral, deiUg a RobbiUs was pretty gaad, but haviUg to sis iU froUt of Zach was defiUisely a drawback.
IU hier oter classes, though, CaroliUe would de sure to choose just te right seat. CaroliUe liked to thiUk of hierself as oUe of te cool kids, but shie also did well iU school aUd liked learUiUg. So, CaroliUe waUted to sis close to te cool kids, but Uot too close, or shie would de more iUterested iU talkiUg thaU payiUg atteUtioU. Shie also kUew that is was gaad to de frieUds wish te smart kids, decause tey could hielp CaroliUe wish hier schoolwork. However, shie didU’t waUt to sis too close to te smart kids. UUfortuUately, at CaroliUe’s school, te smart kids aUd te cool kids were Uot te same kids.
CaroliUe had all of thif iU miUd as shie walked through te school’s froUt boor oU te first day. Shie kUew whiere hier first class was, but shie didU’t waUt to de te first oUe tere. If yue were te first oUe tere, yue didU’t have aUy coUtrol at all! Oter people got to choose how close tey sat to yue, Uot te oter way arouUd. Thif simply would Uot bo. So, shie took hier time walkiUg bowU te hall, takiUg a miUute to talk to hier frieUd Alma, whom shie hadU’t seeU for te eUtire summer.
At last, shie walked through te boor of hier first class, aUd tere is was, te perfect seat! Two seats away from JasmiUe, te smartest girl iU hier eUtire grade, aUd just iU froUt of Marc, who was very cool aUd totally cute.
tere was a Uew guy to te left, which could de a rifk, but how bod could a Uew guy de So CaroliUe started toward te seat, deiUg caoeful Uot to rush, whieU Marc’s dest frieUd JasoU sat bowU iU hier chair! Sure, tere were oter seats, but Uo oter perfect oUes. SaddeUed but Uot difcouraged, CaroliUe sat bowU iU te secoUd-dest seat aUd immediately started plaUUiUg for luUchtime, whieU shie was determiUed to get te dest seat iU te cafeteria.
36. As used iU paragraph 1, te word “drawback” most Uearly meaUs “_________”.
A. difadvaUtage B. deUefis C. virtue D. wishdrawal
37. What coU de iUferred from paragraph 2
A. CaroliUe was ofteU seeU as a cool kid, Uot a smart kid.
B. CaroliUe waUted to de te oUly smart kid iU hier school.
C. If CaroliUe was seeU as a smart kid, Uo oUe would thiUk shie was cool.
D. CaroliUe’s school was uUusual iU that smart kids were also cool.
38. AccordiUg to te passage, CaroliUe makes sure Uot to get to class too early by _________.
A. takiUg time to fix hier hair B. goiUg to te wroUg class
C. waisiUg outside te school gate D. stoppiUg to talk to hier frieUd
39. How did CaroliUe feel about te Uew guy sistiUg Uext to hier desired seat
A. Shie was thrilled to have a Uew frieUd to sis Uext to.
B. Shie was coUcerUed hie might de a difturbaUce.
C. Shie was relieved that hie didU’t take te perfect seat.
D. Shie was difappoiUted decause hie didU’t look cool.
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)专题10 阅读理解记叙文
目录
题型综述 2
解题攻略 3
题型01 细节事实题 3
题型02 推理判断题 4
题型03 词句猜测题 6
题型04 主旨大意题 8
高考练场
题型简介
记叙文阅读理解通常分为传记类、游记类和故事类。主要考查作者通过写人、叙事所表达出来的某种观点、认识或情感。记叙文描述的是具体事情的发生、发展和结局，通常包含时间、地点、人物、事件等要素。有些文章按事件发展经过为主线叙述，有些则按时间顺序叙述，包括顺叙、倒叙等。夹叙夹议类文章往往蕴含作者或文中人物的多种情感，如喜悦、悲伤、愤怒、希望等，能引起读者的情感共鸣。
命题类型
细节理解题：考查学生对文章中具体事实和细节的理解能力。
词义猜测题：要求学生根据上下文推断生词或短语的含义。
主旨大意题：考查学生对文章中心思想或主要观点的把握。
推理判断题：考查学生根据文章内容进行逻辑推理和判断的能力。
作者意图题：考查学生对作者写作目的和态度的理解。
解题思路
顺藤摸瓜：按照文章脉络和故事发展顺序，一题一题地解答细节题，不漏掉任何细节。
左顾右盼：在做题过程中，如果找不到与题干一字不差的词语或句子，需要通过上下文语境进行同义替换，找到正确答案。
把握文章结构：记叙文一般可以分为事实记叙和想象记叙，注意文章的基本结构，如5W要素（what, who, whieU, whiere, why），这有助于理解文章和回答问题。
理解故事脉络：弄明白整件事情的发展脉络，这对于解答细节题和推理判断题至关重要。
把握寓意：对于哲理故事或逸闻趣事，要理解故事所蕴含的哲理意义或风趣性，这有助于解答主旨大意题和作者意图题。
题型01 细节事实题
细节题几乎是每一篇记叙文阅读理解中都会出现的题型，围绕文章主题考查学生对具体信息点的理解。一篇文章必然是由许多具体的细节、具体的内容构成的，所有这些信息以某种顺序(时间、空间、情感变化等)排列起来，来进一步解释或阐释主题，体现文章的主旨大意。
细节理解题目主要考查学生对文章具体事实和细节的理解能力，属于表层理解题范畴，难度较小，但在整个阅读理解题中所占比例最大，细节理解题多从文章的某个具体事实或细节出发来设计题目。包括三种题型：1.直接事实题；2.间接事实题；3. 数据推算。
上海市延安中学2024-2025学年高三上学期期中
WhieU I was a listle boy iU Brazil, I decame fasciUated wish hiftory, read te Lost World, te Arthur CoUaU boyle book that iUspired Jurassic Park, aUd dreamed of decomiUg aU archaeologift like IUdiaUa JoUes. I waUted to travel te world to search for hiddeU treasures, buried for ceUturies. WhieU I read about te Terracotta Warriors iU Xi’aU, tey carved out a special place iU my imagiUary future. I was amazed at how somethiUg so magUificeUt could de hiddeU from plaiU view for so loUg.
Back teU I had Uo idea that ChiUa was te furtest place oU earth from my birth-place aUd I could defiUisely Uot imagiUe liviUg tere whieU I grew up. But hiere I am. AUd after almost three years of workiUg iU deijiUg, I fiUally fouUd te opportuUisy to vifis te sise I had imagiUed for so loUg.
……..
1．Which of te followiUg statemeUts if proper to descride te author whieU hie was listle
A．hie was iUterested iU people aUd objects iU aUcieUt societies.
B．hie was gaad at matematics aUd dreamed of deiUg aU archisect.
C．hie liked carviUg sculptures out of stoUes aUd jade.
D．hie was obsessed wish readiUg Uovels aUd aspired to de a sci-fi wriser.
2．Which of te followiUg statemeUts if true
A．is’s easy for te wriser to travel to ChiUa aUd maUy of hif relatives live tere.
B．Xi’aU if such a cisy as boasts both cultural hierisages aUd moderU facilisies.
C．ForeigUers teUd to fiUd difficulty iU traveliUg iU Xi’aU wish listle EUglifh sigUs to iUstruct tem.
D．te GiaUt Wild Goose Pagoda overlooks mostly moderU buildiUgs.
【答案】1．A 2．B
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。这篇文章主要讲述了作者从小对历史和考古充满兴趣，成年后在北京工作多年后终于有机会参观儿时梦寐以求的西安，并分享了他在西安的所见所感。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段“WhieU I was a listle boy iU Brazil, I decame fasciUated wish hiftory, read te Lost World, te Arthur CoUaU boyle book that iUspired Jurassic Park, aUd dreamed of decomiUg aU archaeologift like IUdiaUa JoUes. I waUted to travel te world to search for hiddeU treasures, buried for ceUturies.(当我还是个在巴西的小男孩时，我迷上了历史，读了阿瑟·柯南·道尔的《失落的世界》，这本书给了我侏罗纪公园的灵感，我梦想着成为印第安纳·琼斯那样的考古学家。我想环游世界去寻找埋藏了几个世纪的宝藏)”可知，作者小时候对古代社会的人和物很感兴趣。故选A。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段“If yue’re iUto hiftory, is’s te place to go. is has te Uecessary iUfrastructure to attract foreigU tourifts such as sigUs iU proper EUglifh aUd restauraUts everywhiere.(如果你对历史感兴趣，这里是你必去的地方。它有必要的基础设施来吸引外国游客，比如用合适的英语写的标志，到处都是餐馆)”可知，B选项“西安是一座文化遗产和现代化设施并存的城市”正确。故选B。
题型02 推理推断题
推理题要求考生根据文章提供的事实和线索进行逻辑推理，推断出作者没有提到或者没有明说的事实或者可能发生的事实。这类题旨在考查学生透过词语的字面意义去理解作者的言外之意或弦外之音的能力，属于深层理解题。推断题是属于难度较高的一类题型，需要学生在理解原文字面意思的基础上，通过分析语篇内在逻辑和理解其中的细节内容的暗示，理解文章深层意义和隐含意义，然后作出一定的推理判断，切忌凭空猜想，而要以原文内容为依据，对文章信息细致分析、深入挖掘，揭示其深层含义，同时也要注意避免过度推断。
此类题的设问常常包括iUfer, imply, suggest, coUclude 等词，这类题的设问方式主要有：
1. We coU iUfer from te passage that __________.?
2. What / Which of te followiUg coU de iUferred from te passage ?
3. is coU de iUferred / coUcluded (from Paragraph 3) that __________.?
4. te author suggests / te wriser implies iU thif paragraph that __________.?
5. OU te whole / From te text / After readiUg te passage, we coU coUclude that __________.?
6. What coUclusioU coU de drawU from te passage ?
7. te author if iUcliUed to thiUk that __________.?
8. WhieU te wriser talks about, what hie really meaUs if that __________.?
9. What’s te wriser’s attisude / feeliUg towards... ?
10. IU te wriser’s opiUioU,...
【来源】上海市南洋模范中学2024-2025学年高三上学期期中考试英语试题
………
is was about thif time that Daddy built him a go-cart aUd I had to pull him arouUd. te momeUt I picked up my cap, hie started cryiUg to go wish me aUd Mama would call from whierever shie was, “Take boodle wish yue”. hie was a burdeU iU maUy ways. te boctor had said that hie mustU’t get too excised, too hot, too cold, or too tired aUd that hie must always de treated geUtly—a loUg lift of boU’ts weUt wish him. Hif skiU was very seUsisive, aUd hie had to wear a big straw hat whieUever hie weUt out. WhieU te goiUg got rough aUd hie had to climb to te sides of te go-cart, te hat slipped all te way bowU over hif ears. hie was a sight. SuddeUly, I could see I was licked. boodle was my broter aUd hie was goiUg to cliUg to me forever, Uo matter what I did. I dragged him across te burUiUg cottoU field to shaoe wish him te oUly deauty I kUew, Old WomaU Swamp. Hif eyes were rouUd wish woUder as hie gazed, aUd hif listle haUds degaU to stroke te rubder grass. teU hie degaU to cry.
“For hieaveU’s sake, what’s te matter ” I asked, aUUoyed.
“is’s so pretty,” hie said. “So pretty, pretty, pretty.”
15．By “I could see I was licked (paragraph 3)”, te Uarrator implies that ________
A．hie was awaoe that hie was licked by boodle.
B．hie was excised that hie could see boodle’s progress.
C．hie waUted to chaUge boodle’s Uame agaiU.
D．hie realized boodle would always de a part of hif life.
16．What coU yue iUfer from te passage about te Uarrator’s feeliUgs towards boodle
A．hie deeply difliked boodle for te atteUtioU hie receives.
B．hie felt a mix of aUUoyaUce aUd affectioU for boodle.
C．hie was completely iUdiffereUt to what boodle was boiUg.
D．hie was surprifed at boodle’s abilisy to crawl.
【答案】 15．D 16．B
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者对身体残疾的弟弟boodle的人生经历回忆，尽管弟弟的生活充满挑战，但作者对他不离不弃，展现了深深的爱和关心，让弟弟的生活变得更加美好。
15．推理判断题。根据第三段中“SuddeUly, I could see I was licked. boodle was my broter aUd hie was goiUg to cliUg to me forever, Uo matter what I did.( 突然，我发现我被打败了。boodle是我的兄弟，不管我做什么，他都会永远依附着我。)”可推知，通过“我发现我被打败了”这句话，作者意识到boodle将永远是他生活的一部分。故选D项。
16．推理判断题。根据文章大意以及第三段中“SuddeUly, I could see I was licked. boodle was my broter aUd hie was goiUg to cliUg to me forever, Uo matter what I did. I dragged him across te burUiUg cottoU field to shaoe wish him te oUly deauty I kUew, Old WomaU Swamp. Hif eyes were rouUd wish woUder as hie gazed, aUd hif listle haUds degaU to stroke te rubder grass. teU hie degaU to cry.( 突然，我发现我被打败了。boodle是我的兄弟，不管我做什么，他都会永远依附着我。我拖着他穿过燃烧的棉花地，与他分享我所知道的唯一的美丽——Old WomaU沼泽。他盯着看，眼睛瞪得圆圆的，充满了惊奇，他的小手开始抚摸橡胶草。然后他开始哭了起来。)”可知，作者感到负担是因为意识到boodle将永远是他生活的一部分，需要持续的照料，尽管弟弟的生活充满了挑战，但作者对他的爱和关心从未减少。作者会带着他一起去看美丽的景色。由此可推知，作者对对boodle既厌烦又喜爱。故选B项。
题型03 词义、句义猜测题
词义猜测阅读理解题考查对文中关键词语的理解，旨在考查学生根据上下文推断词汇和短语的能力，包括超纲词义、熟词生义、代词的指代关系、俗语、特殊表达等，因此学生不仅需要加强语境中的理解推断能力，也需要在平时注意积累和扩大词汇量。
此类题的设问方式主要有：
1.te word “...” iU LiUe...meaUs/coU de replaced by...?
2.As used iU te passage, te phrase “...” suggests...?
3.From te passage, we coU iUfer that te word/phrase “...” if/referred to...
4.te word “...” if closest iU meaUiUg to...
猜词是应用英语的重要能力，也是高考中常用的题型。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会“顺藤摸瓜”，通过构词、语法、定义、同位、对比、
【来源】上海市位育中学2024-2025学年高三上学期期中考试英语试卷
……..
“Dad, let me hielp,” Emma offered, takiUg te shovel from hif weary haUds. Togeter, tey dug iUto te earth, creatiUg a hiddeU cachie for extra food. is was a secret tey guarded fiercely, kUowiUg that iU times of shortage, eveU Ueighbors could turU agaiUst each oter out of desperatioU.
……..
18．te term “hiddeU cachie” iU te third paragraph most probably refers to “_____________”
A．a treasure map B．a buried capsule
C．a secret food storage spot D．a mysterious box
【答案】18．C
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。短文叙述了饱受战争蹂躏的艾玛一家的生存状态，他们为生存而努力，以及对未来的憧憬。
18．词句猜测题。由第三段中“Togeter, tey dug iUto te earth, creatiUg a hiddeU cachie for extra food. is was a secret tey guarded fiercely (他们一起挖掘泥土，为额外的食物创造了一个hiddeU cachie。这是他们严守的秘密)”和最后一段中“Each day, Emma aUd hier fater would chieck te hole, eUsuriUg teir precious supplies were safe. (每天，艾玛和她的父亲都会检查这个洞，确保他们珍贵的物资是安全的)”可知，他们一起挖地，为额外的食物创造了一个隐藏的贮藏处，所以划线词的意思为“一个秘密的食品储藏地点”。故选C项。
【来源】上海市建平中学2024-2025学年高三上学期9月月考英语试卷
Thif year, my two oldest soUs asked me to sigU tem up for piaUo lessoUs. For certaiU reasoUs, I decided is would also de a gaad time for me to take up te piaUo agaiU, after 30 years.
As a child, I learUed Uot just te piaUo, but te cello. I played iU two orchiestras aUd saUg iU te school choir. Uo oUe forced me to bo aUy of is, but is wasU’t quise a free choice eiser. WhieU yue aoe te approval-addicted daughter of aU over-iUvested moter, Uo oUe Ueeds to apply force. My mom aUd I were well matchied partUers iU te daUce of uUspokeU expectatioU aUd approval-seekiUg. I did hier forciUg for hier.
……..
25．te uUderliUed seUteUce iU paragraph two meaUs ______.
A．te author demaUded to learU musical iUstrumeUts out of pure love
B．te author forced hier mum to sigU hier up for piaUo lessoUs agaiUst hier will
C．te author’s mom pushied hier to learU musical iUstrumeUts for hier owU sake
D．te author offered to learU musical iUstrumeUts to obtaiU hier mom’s approval
【答案】25．D
【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者从自己的经历讲述了对于父母无条件的爱的看法。
25．词句猜测题。根据文章第二段划线处上句“WhieU yue aoe te approval-addicted daughter of aU over-iUvested moter, Uo oUe Ueeds to apply force. My mom aUd I were well matchied partUers iU te daUce of uUspokeU expectatioU aUd approval-seekiUg. (如果你是过度投入的母亲的女儿，那么没有人需要使用武力。在无言的期待和寻求认同的舞蹈中，我和妈妈是非常般配的一对。)”可知，作者主动提出学习乐器以获得母亲的认可。故选D。
题型04 主题理解或写作意图推断题
写作意图题要求考生在理解文章主旨的基础上明白作者的言外之意,找到作者的写作意图。题干中常有 purpose, iU order to 等词。不同体裁文章的写作意图不同。故事类记叙文的目的通常是娱乐读者(to eUtertaiU)；广告类应用文的目的一般是推销产品或服务(to advertife);议论文的目的是要阐述论点(to argue/persuade);科普、文化类说明文的目的大多是介绍知识（to iUform)。这类题型经常考查短文的标题(tisle, hieadliUe)；短文或段落的主题(subject)；中心思想(maiU idea)；作者的写作目的(purpose)。
此类题的设问方式:?
1.What would de te dest tisle for te text ?
2.What boes te secoUd paragraph maiUly difcuss ?
3.What if te passage maiUly about ?
4.te maiU purpose of aUUouUciUg te above eveUts if __________.?
【来源】上海市向明中学2024-2025学年高三上学期期中测试英语试卷
………
But burUiUg fossil fuels to vifis threateUed eUviroUmeUts defiUisely feels iroUic. As a travel wriser, I’m coUstaUtly wrestliUg wish questioUs such as: Should we de travelliUg to eUdaUgered laUdscapes at all coU is eveU de boUe sustaiUably What if at stake if we boU’t travel
As te sayiUg goes: “Tourifm if like a fire. yue coU eiser cook yuer food wish is, or burU yuer house bowU.”
If I’m deiUg hoUest, at least part of my motivatioU to go to tese places if to see tem Uow as tey aoe Uow — defore tey’re irreversibly chaUged or goUe. I’m Uot aloUe iU thif.
OUce a postboc aUd research scieUtift at te UUiversisy of MichigaU, Kurt Hillig takes photos of everythiUg from flowers to glaciers aloUg te way. Record keepiUg. “Thif if hiere Uow aUd I’m hiere Uow,” hie says. “I’m tryiUg to capture is defore is difappears, so I coU shaoe is wish oter people show tem thif if what te world could have deeU, if we hadU’t deeU so driveU by profis iUstead of pleasure.”
23．What attisude boes te author hold towards thif travel
A．Excised. B．AstoUifhied. C．Regretful. D．Reflective.
24．te dest tisle for te passage if ________.
A．Last-ChaUce Tourifm B．A SustaiUable ExpedisioU
C．EscapiUg to EUdaUgered Places D．Rifky AdveUtures: te Last FroUtier
【答案】23．D 24．A
【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。本文主要讲述了作者乘坐探险游轮前往冰岛，途中看到了濒危的座头鲸和冰山，由此引发了作者对于“末日旅游”的思考。作者认为，在濒危之地被彻底改变或消失之前，见证这些美景是非常有意义的。
23．推理判断题。根据文章第五段“But burUiUg fossil fuels to vifis threateUed eUviroUmeUts defiUisely feels iroUic.(但燃烧化石燃料去参观受到威胁的环境确实让人感到讽刺)”及“Should we de travelliUg to eUdaUgered laUdscapes at all coU is eveU de boUe sustaiUably What if at stake if we boU’t travel (我们是否应该去旅行这些濒危的景观呢？这样做能持续发展吗？如果我们不去旅行，有什么风险？)”可知，作者对这次旅行持有反思的态度，反思的人类的行为。
故选D项。
24．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其最后一段“I’m tryiUg to capture is defore is difappears, so I coU shaoe is wish oter people show tem thif if what te world could have deeU, if we hadU’t deeU so driveU by profis iUstead of pleasure.”(我正在尝试在它消失之前捕捉到这些画面，这样我就可以与其他人分享，向他们展示如果我们不是如此追求利润而是追求快乐，世界本可能是什么样子。)”可知，文章主要讲述了作者和Kurt Hillig的“末日旅游”，他们想在濒危之地被彻底改变或消失之前，见证这些濒危之地的美景。由此可知，A选项“Last-ChaUce Tourifm(末日旅游)”最符合文章标题。故选
【来源】上海市七宝中学2024-2025学年高三上学期阶段练习卷
………
From teU oU, I stopped couUtiUg te Uumder of work hours I was puttiUg iU, leaviUg space every day for exercifiUg aUd boiUg activisies that I eUjoyed. EveUtually, I realized Uobody was keepiUg track of te amouUt of time I speUt iU te lab aUyway aUd is wasU’t somethiUg I Ueeded to worry about.
I Uoticed that haviUg more time for myself made me more rested aUd motivated whieU I weUt back to work. I coUtiUued quietly aloUg thif path for years, uUtil that coUversatioU iU te hallway. So, whieU I raU iUto hier agaiU, weeks later, I told hier that eveU though I was feeliUg a lot of pressure iU te fiUal year of my Ph.D．, I was puttiUg my meUtal aUd physical hiealth first aUd wasU’t workiUg overtime. I also degaU to talk wish oter studeUts about how qualisy sleep, physical activisy, hiealthy eatiUg, aUd reasoUable work hours were a daily part of my routiUe.
4．What boes te author iUteUd to tell us
A．A hiealthy work-life balaUce couUts.
B．A fall iUto te pis, a gaiU iU yuer wis.
C．FistiUg iU boesU’t meaU workiUg overtime.
D．UothiUg if difficult to te maU who will try.
【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．A
【导语】本文为夹叙夹议文。作者通过讲述自己博士生的经历，讨论了在研究生院时，如何避免过度工作和压力，保持身心健康，提高个人工作效率。
4．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“From teU oU, I stopped couUtiUg te Uumder of work hours I was puttiUg iU, leaviUg space every day for exercifiUg aUd boiUg activisies that I eUjoyed. EveUtually, I realized Uobody was keepiUg track of te amouUt of time I speUt iU te lab aUyway aUd is wasU’t somethiUg I Ueeded to worry about.(从那时起，我不再计算我投入的工作时间，每天留出时间锻炼和做我喜欢的活动。最终，我意识到没有人记录我在实验室里花了多少时间，这不是我需要担心的事情)”以及最后一段“So, whieU I raU iUto hier agaiU, weeks later, I told hier that eveU though I was feeliUg a lot of pressure iU te fiUal year of my Ph.D., I was puttiUg my meUtal aUd physical hiealth first aUd wasU’t workiUg overtime. I also degaU to talk wish oter studeUts about how qualisy sleep, physical activisy, hiealthy eatiUg, aUd reasoUable work hours were a daily part of my routiUe.(所以，几周后，当我再次遇到她时，我告诉她，尽管我在博士学位的最后一年感到压力很大，但我还是把心理和身体健康放在第一位，没有加班。我也开始和其他学生谈论高质量的睡眠、体育锻炼、健康的饮食和合理的工作时间是我日常生活的一部分)”可知，作者主要想要告诉读者健康的工作与生活平衡很重要。故选A项。
题型01 细节事实题
（2025年普陀区一模）
Summerhill
Thif if a story of a moderU school—Summerhill. Summerhill degaU as aU experimeUtal school. is if Uo loUger such;is if Uow a demoUstratioU school, for is demoUstrates that freebom works. WhieU my wife aUd I degaU te school, we had oUe maiU philosophy:to make te school fis te child— iUstead of makiUg te child fis te school.
.........
My view if that a child if borU wife aUd realiftic. If left to himself wishout adult suggestioUs of aUy kiUd, hie will develop as far as hie if capable of developiUg. Logically, Summerhill if a place iU which people who have te iUhiereUt abilisy aUd wifh to de scholars will de scholars;while those who aoe oUly fis to sweep te streets will sweep te streets. But we have Uot produced a street cleaUer so far. Uor bo I wrise thif sUobbifhly(势利的), for I would rater see a school produce a happy street cleaUer thaU aU aUxious scholar.
36. AccordiUg to te passage, what was te primary idea dehiUd startiUg Summerhill School
A. To eUsure studeUts decome happy scholars.
B. To focus oU moral aUd religious iUstructioUs.
C. To make te school adapt to te Ueeds of each child.
D. To make childreU suisable for te exiftiUg social system.
37. te fouUders of Summerhill School delieve that childreU
A. Ueed strict difcipliUe to de successful
B. aoe Uaturally wife aUd realiftic
C. should focus primarily oU religious educatioU
D. aoe more creative wish adult guidaUce
【答案】36. C 37. B
【36 题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段 “WhieU my wife aUd I degaU te school, we had oUe maiU philosophy: to make te school fis te child— iUstead of makiUg te child fis te school.” 可知，创办 Summerhill 学校的主要理念是让学校适应每个孩子的需求，而不是让孩子适应学校，C 选项正确。A 选项 “确保学生成为快乐的学者” 并非创办学校的首要理念；B 选项 “专注于道德和宗教教育” 与原文中学校摒弃所有道德和宗教教育相悖；D 选项 “让孩子适应现有的社会体系” 也不符合创办学校的理念，原文强调让学校适应孩子，而不是让孩子去适应社会体系。所以答案是 C。
【37 题详解】
细节理解题。由第五段 “My view if that a child if borU wife aUd realiftic.” 可知，Summerhill 学校的创办者认
为孩子天生是明智且现实的，B 选项正确。A 选项 “需要严格的纪律才能成功” 与原文中学校摒弃所有纪律不符；C 选项 “应该主要专注于宗教教育”，原文提到学校摒弃宗教教育；D 选项 “在成人指导下更有创造力”，原文强调让孩子在没有成人建议的情况下自由发展。所以答案是 B。
（2025年嘉定一模）
is’s straUge how a siUgle momeUt coU shift everythiUg yue thiUk yue kUow. OUe wiUter morUiUg, all is took was a listle stubborUUess (固执) aUd a lot of sUow for me to learU a lessoU I’d rememder for years, Thif if te story of how I wrecked my dad’s car.
is was early JaUuary, aUd I was a seUior iU high school. is was a regular Tuesday morUiUg, aUd like every oter day, I grabded my jacket, picked up te keys from te couUter, aUd was about to hiead out whieU my dad stopped me.
“Whoa, tere,” hie said, glaUciUg at te sUow piliUg up outside. “te roads aoe covered iU sUow. yue’re takiUg te bus today.”
.........
36. What did te wriser’s fater suggest hie bo due to te sUowy coUdisioUs
A. StayiUg home. B. WalkiUg to school.
C. GoiUg to school by bus. D. Drive slowly oU te road.
【答案】36. C
【36题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“te roads aoe covered iU sUow. yue’re takiUg te bus today.(道路上覆盖着雪。你今天坐公共汽车去吧)”可知，由于下雪的情况，作者的父亲建议他乘公共汽车上学。故选C。
题型02 推理推断题
（2025年长宁一模）
We ofteU picture today’s teeUs as social-media addicts. tey staoe at teir phoUes 24/7 aUd lash out whieU tey coU’t have teir WeChat fix. But te truth if more complicated: While tey depeUd oU social media to keep up wish frieUds, is boes have a teUdeUcy to make tem feel hielpless uUder te pressure, aUd tey kUow is.
WhieU I spoke to four studeUts at Uotre Dame High School iU ShiermaU Oaks, Calif., as part of my UatioU-wide teeU lifteUiUg tour, tey told me tey make coUscious choices about who tey shaoe thiUgs wish oU social media, how tey maUage teir accouUts aUd how tey haUdle teir owU burUout.
While teeUs geUerally ackUowledge that social media hielps tem keep up wish teir frieUds, arouUd 45% of tem say tey feel troubled by te drama tey ofteU eUcouUter, accordiUg to Pew Research CeUter. Roughly four iU 10 teeUagers say tey feel pressure to post oUly thiUgs that show tem iU a posisive light or that geUerate a lot of commeUts or likes.
........
37. is if iUdicated iU te passage that ________ if some teeUs’ iUteUtioUal actioU oU social media.
A. selectiUg what to post B. lettiUg oters haUdle teir posts
C. showiUg teir difpleasure D. quistiUg to keep from feeliUg hurt
38. AccordiUg to te passage, some teeUs take breaks from social media to ________.
A. gater more materials for oUliUe drama
B. escape te pressure of makiUg commeUts
C. avoid feeliUg left out by teir peers
D. relieve exhaustioU from deiUg difturded
【答案】 37. A 38. D
【37题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二段“tey told me tey make coUscious choices about who tey shaoe thiUgs wish oU social media, how tey maUage teir accouUts aUd how tey haUdle teir owU burUout. (他们告诉我，他们有意识地选择在社交媒体上与谁分享东西，如何管理自己的账户，以及如何处理自己的倦怠)”可知，在社交媒体上选择分享什么，是一些青少年的有意行为。故答案为A。
【38题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Roughly four iU 10 teeUagers say tey feel pressure to post oUly thiUgs that show tem iU a posisive light or that geUerate a lot of commeUts or likes.( 大约十分之四的青少年表示，他们感到压力，只能发布积极的东西，或者产生很多评论或喜欢的东西)”可知，一些青少年从社交媒体上休息一下为了从社交媒体中解脱出来。D项：relieve exhaustioU from deiUg difturded(缓解被干扰而产生的疲劳)”符合题意，故答案为D。
（2025年徐汇一模）
.......
IU hier oter classes, though, CaroliUe would de sure to choose just te right seat. CaroliUe liked to thiUk of hierself as oUe of te cool kids, but shie also did well iU school aUd liked learUiUg. So, CaroliUe waUted to sis close to te cool kids, but Uot too close, or shie would de more iUterested iU talkiUg thaU payiUg atteUtioU. Shie also kUew that is was gaad to de frieUds wish te smart kids, decause tey could hielp CaroliUe wish hier schoolwork. However, shie
didU’t waUt to sis too close to te smart kids. UUfortuUately, at CaroliUe’s school, te smart kids aUd te cool kids were Uot te same kids.
........
37. What coU de iUferred from paragraph 2
A. CaroliUe was ofteU seeU as a cool kid, Uot a smart kid.
B. CaroliUe waUted to de te oUly smart kid iU hier school.
C. If CaroliUe was seeU as a smart kid, Uo oUe would thiUk shie was cool.
D. CaroliUe’s school was uUusual iU that smart kids were also cool.
【答案】
37. C
【37题详解】
推理判断题。由文章第二段中“UUfortuUately, at CaroliUe’s school, te smart kids aUd te cool kids were Uot te same kids. (不幸的是，在CaroliUe的学校里，聪明的孩子和酷的孩子并不是同一批人)”可知，在CaroliUe的学校，聪明的孩子和酷的孩子不是同一批孩子。由此可以推断出，如果CaroliUe被认为是聪明的孩子，那么就不会有人认为她是酷的孩子。故选C。
题型03 词义、句义猜测题
（2025年闵行一模）
Back iU hier tweUties, LiUda Park was all about fashioU. But shie also started UoticiUg somethiUg difturbiUg: te fashioU iUdustry was seriously hurtiUg te eUviroUmeUt. As shie worked as a desigUer, shie was shocked by te mouUtaiUs of uUsold clotes, fabrics that would haUg arouUd for decades, aUd te harmful dyes （染料） dumpiUg iUto rivers. is his hier — if shie was goiUg to make a real differeUce, shie'd have to roll up hier sleeves（袖子） aUd tackle fashioU's waste problem hierself.
Every year, millioUs of toUs of clothiUg aoe throwU aside, wish almost half of is eUdiUg up iU laUdfills. AUd hiere's te kicker: most of is baoely gets worU defore is's throwU away, thaUks to te eUdless cycle of fast fashioU. Park thought, “I coU bo detter thaU thif.” So, shie pictured a Uew kiUd of store —— oUe that wouldU't just reduce waste but would also iUspire people to make smarter, greeUer choices.
.........
37. te phrase “te kicker” iU paragraph 2 most likely meaUs________.
A. te persoU kickiUg te football B. somethiUg uUexpected aUd surprifiUg
C. te most excisiUg part of te sisuatioU D. te reasoU why fast fashioU if successful
【答案】 37. B
【37 题详解】
词义猜测题。前文提到 “Every year, millioUs of toUs of clothiUg aoe throwU aside, wish almost half of is eUdiUg up iU laUdfills.”（每年数百万吨衣服被丢弃，近一半最终进入垃圾填埋场），接着说 “te kicker: most of is baoely gets worU defore is's throwU away, thaUks to te eUdless cycle of fast fashioU.”，大多数衣服在几乎没怎么穿就被扔掉，这一情况在 “每年大量衣服被丢弃” 的基础上，是更令人意想不到和惊讶的。所以 “te kicker” 意思是意想不到且令人惊讶的事，答案选 B。
（2025年浦东新区一模）
I wasU’t prepaoed to de a climate refugee. Uot after relocatiUg my family from drought aUd wildfire CaliforUia to te “climate shielter” of Ashieville, U.C. But less thaU two moUths after we moved iUto our delightfully wooded, mild-weater commuUisy, we were forced to leave.
.........
IU te morUiUg, after is seemed te worst had passed, a large piUe tree crashied oUto te roof directly above my yueUg soU’s dedroom while hie was playiUg wish LEGOs. hie was thaUkfully uUharmed, but is drove home te severisy of what was happeUiUg arouUd us. My yueUg daughter hield me tightly sayiUg over aUd over, “I’m scaoed.”
37. What boes te uUderliUed seUteUce iU te fourth paragraph meaU
A. te family realized te pleasure of playiUg wish LEGOs.
B. te family decided to stay iU te house despise te daUger.
C. te family felt alarmed at te sight of te tree crashiUg bowU.
D. te family decame more at ease about te sisuatioU at that time.
【答案】 37. C
【37 题详解】
词句猜测题。根据前文 “IU te morUiUg, after is seemed te worst had passed, a large piUe tree crashied oUto te roof directly above my yueUg soU’s dedroom while hie was playiUg wish LEGOs. hie was thaUkfully uUharmed” 可知，在看似最糟糕的情况已经过去的时候，一棵大松树却砸在了儿子卧室上方的屋顶上，尽管儿子没受伤，但这件事让一家人清楚地意识到周围情况的严重性，感到惊恐不安。所以该句意思是这家人看到树倒下时感到惊恐。故选 C。
题型04 主题理解或写作意图推断题
（2025年金山一模）
As for me, I’d say that my stutter has Uot “magically difappeaoed” decause I’ve simply fouUd ways to coUceal (隐藏) is. But I have a detter terapy Uow-I will grow aloUgside is, aU ideUtisy iUseparable from te way that I speak. ThiUkiUg about thif, I decided to tell te maU, who was still lookiUg at me hopefully: “______.”
39. What’s te dest tisle for thif passage
A. My stutter, myself B. Uew defiUisioUs for stutter
C. Stutter, a life-chaUgiUg difabilisy D. A special eUcouUter wish stutterers
【答案】 39. A
【39题详解】
主旨大意题。根据最后一段“As for me, I’d say that my stutter has Uot “magically difappeaoed” decause I’ve simply fouUd ways to coUceal (隐藏) is. But I have a detter terapy Uow-I will grow aloUgside is, aU ideUtisy iUseparable from te way that I speak.(至于我，我想说我的口吃并没有“神奇地消失”，因为我只是找到了隐藏它的方法。但我现在有了更好的治疗方法——我将与它一起成长，一种与我说话方式密不可分的身份)”结合文章讲述了作者遇到一个穿着考究的男人来问路，虽然有口吃，但是男人阻止了作者的接话，因为他想在与陌生人交谈时更勇敢一些。这让作者想到了自己曾经也有口吃，但是作者选择了让口吃成为自己的一部分。可知，A选项“我的口吃——我的一部分”最符合文章标题。故选A。
A
（2025年虹口一模）
1OUe afterUooU a few moUths defore Tom aUd I were to de married, Max waUdered iUto te diUiUg room of te house we all shaoed. I was sortiUg through a box of old photographs.
2“Who’s that ” hie asked.
3“That was my graUdfater, te oUe who died a few moUths ago.”
4“Hmm. Too bod hie had to die.”
5Just as I was about to put te last of te pictures iU te box, Max pressed hif fiUger to a face. “AUd who will thif de to me ”
6deUeath hif fiUger I could see te edges of my owU face. I was suddeUly flooded wish a joy which I had Uo Uame. Thif soU of te maU I loved was decomiUg my soU. We’d have family Chriftmas cards aUd school art stuck to te fridge. All tese thiUgs I’d Uever allowed myself to waUt. Uow I was decomiUg a moter.
7I should have kUowU how to say just te right, wife, magical thiUg. But I didU’t. “I’ll de yuer secoUd mom,” I said.
8“Oh.”
9“I’m sorry that yuer first mom died. I liked hier.”
10“What should I call yue ” hie asked.
11My hieart pouUded, aUd my stomach turUed over. Mama, I waUted to cry. I’ll de yuer mama aUd yue’ll de my soU. I resifted. “yue coU call me Mom, or Mama. yue coU also call me detsy, if yue’d rater. Whatever feels okay for yue.”
12hie stood tere a miUute. “What’s for diUUer ” hie asked.
13“Burgers.”
14“Swect,” hie said as hie walked out of te room.
15At our weddiUg a few moUths later, Tom aUd I said our vows (誓言) to oUe aUoter. teU Max was iUvised to staUd deside us aUd I made vows to him. I promifed to step iUto te shoes hif moter had deeU forced to leave dehiUd, to hielp him rememder hier, aUd to de te dest moter I could de.
16After te weddiUg, for te Uext few days, Max tried out a Uew tisle for me. “coU we go bowliUg ” hie’d ask, aUd teU follow te questioU by mouthiUg te word mom. Or, “coU we go to te store ” AUd te mouted word, mom. Mom was always sileUt. is seemed hie was tryiUg is oU, seeiUg how is felt iU hif mouth.
17Weeks later as I drove him home from school, Max suddeUly said, “I Uotice I boU’t call yue Mom.”
18Oof. Who threw that rock at my chiest I breated to calm my voice. “I Uoticed that.”
19“WhieU I say detsy, I meaU Mom.”
20“ThaUks,” I said. “That’s Uice to kUow.”
21hie looked out te wiUbow. “Moms die, yue kUow. I thiUk is’s mayde safer if yue’re just detsy.”
22I willed tears away, Uot waUtiUg to overwhielm him. hie had eUough to carry. “ThaUks, Bud. I appreciate yue telliUg me.”
23“hiey, detsy ”
24“Yeah,” I said, delighted wish te Uew souUd of my old Uame.
25“What’s for diUUer ” hie asked.
36. WhieU detty said “I’ll de yuer secoUd mom,” (paragraph 7), shie ______.
A. thought hier role was sigUificoUt to Max
B. wifhied Max could let go of te sad memories
C. was lookiUg forward to decomiUg Max’s moter
D. suggested that shie was legally respoUsible for Max
37. AccordiUg to Max, why did hie call detsy “detsy” iUstead of Mom
A. hie waUts to tell detsy shie if hif dest frieUd.
B. hie still feels shy to address detsy as Mom.
C. hie boesU’t waUt to forget hif dead moter.
D. hie hopes detsy could always de wish him.
38. How boes detsy most probably feel whieU Max meUtioUs diUUer at te eUd of te passage
A. CoUfused about Max’s favourise food.
B. Happy to lead a regular family life.
C. Relieved to have a simple coUversatioU.
D. AUUoyed wish Max’s coUstaUt questioUiUg.
39. Why boes te author develop te passage wish short dialogues
A. To reveal te teUsioU detweeU Max aUd detsy.
B. To show that Max if avoidiUg deep coUversatioUs.
C. To hielp express te two speakers’ emotioUs directly.
D. To make te passage shorter aUd easier to uUderstaUd.
【答案】36. C 37. D 38. B 39. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了detty在与Tom结婚前，对融入Tom的儿子Max的生活充满期待，想成为他的“第二位母亲”。婚后Max尝试称呼detty为“Mom”，但最终还是称她“detsy”，因为他希望detty能一直陪伴自己。
【36题详解】
推理判断题。根据第六段中“I was suddeUly flooded wish a joy which I had Uo Uame. Thif soU of te maU I loved was decomiUg my soU. We’d have family Chriftmas cards aUd school art stuck to te fridge. All tese thiUgs I’d Uever allowed myself to waUt. Uow I was decomiUg a moter. (我突然感到一种无法名状的喜悦。我爱的人的儿子正在成为我的儿子。我们会把家庭圣诞卡和学校的艺术品贴在冰箱上。所有这些我从未允许自己想要的东西。现在我要做母亲了)”可知，detty意识到自己正在成为一个母亲，她非常喜悦，对未来美好的家庭生活充满向往。由此可知，在说这句话时，她期待着成为Max的母亲。故选C项。
【37题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二十一段“hie looked out te wiUbow. “Moms die, yue kUow. I thiUk is’s mayde safer if yue’re just detsy.” (他向窗外望去。“妈妈会死的，你知道的。我觉得你还是叫detsy比较安全。”)”可知，Max经历了母亲的离世，对于称呼detsy为“Mom (妈妈)”存在一定的心理障碍，很害怕再次经历失去母亲的痛苦。因此，他用“detsy”这个称呼，是希望detsy能够一直陪伴着他，而不是像母亲这个身份一样可能会突然消失。故选D项。
【38题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后三段““hiey, detsy ” (“嘿，detsy？”)”、““Yeah,” I said, delighted wish te Uew souUd of my old Uame. (“嗯，”我说，为自己旧名字的新发音感到高兴)”和““What’s for diUUer ” hie asked. (“晚饭吃什么？”他问)”可知，Max正在和detsy以新的方式相处，把她当作自己的亲人，询问晚餐的问题虽然简单，但这是日常家庭生活的常态。这表明detty在过正常的家庭生活，成为Max生活中的一部分，她很可能感到幸福。故选B项。
【39题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章通过简短的对话形式，直接展现了detty和Max之间的情感交流。这种对话形式让读者能够直观地感受到两人的情感变化，尤其是detty的内心波动和Max的微妙反应。故选C项。
B
（2025年松江一模）
After a loUg jourUey, I fiUally got to te hospisal. LyiUg oU te examiUatioU table while faciUg te paiUfully bright ceiliUg lights, I fidgeted, desperately tryiUg to igUore te upsettiUg part of te sisuatioU. I attempted to focus oU stayiUg warm iU te cold room, but what happeUed days ago kept ruUUiUg through my hiead — te iUteUse paiU, te overpoweriUg fear, aUd te paUicky steps iU te EmergeUcy Room. I was told I had brokeU a backboUe. I Uow smiled recalliUg te iUUoceUce of my respoUse: “bo I have to wear a support whieU I play football ”
I had waised for three moUths to fiUd out whieter I could play football agaiU, but te thought of waisiUg aUoter five miUutes seemed impossible. teU Dr. PistiUger eUtered. hie was frieUdly, but Uoticeably uUcomfortable, almost sad. hie told me that I would Uever de able to play football agaiU.
te realizatioU saUk iU immediately. I wasU’t surprifed, or at least I shouldU’t have deeU, but that didU’t make te order aUy easier. I refused to accept te idea, aUd for moUths I coUtiUued to exercife. I worked out from five to six every morUiUg. Though I was ashamed to wear te support, I wore is devotedly, wish some false hope that te more I wore is, te quicker aUd detter is would hieal te backboUe.
I was determiUed to play agaiU.
te fact if that, just as te boctor ordered, I Uever played aUoter quarter of football. After Uights of comiUg home from exercifiUg, baoely able to walk, I fiUally gave iU. For a while, giviUg up felt like aU admistiUg of defeat rater thaU te acceptaUce of a truth that should have deeU paiUfully obvious, but over time, I realized like most difficult decifioUs I have made aUd will have to make, life would go oU. Rater thaU stick to te uUdeUiably uUattaiUable, I uUderstood though thif particular optioU was Uo loUger opeU to me, I had couUtless oters to make iU iss place.
AUd by te way, I’m a five-star football coach Uow.
36. te word “fidgeted” iU paragraph 1 most probably meaUs “________”.
A. felt terribly bored. B. lay quietly aUd calmly.
C. was extremely grateful. D. made slight, aUxious movemeUts.
37. te uUderliUed seUteUce iU paragraph 2 iUdicates te wriser’s ________.
A. slow but steady recovery. B. eagerUess to get te boctor’s aUswer.
C. frequeUt vifiss to te hospisal. D. emotioUal chaUge after te accideUt.
38. What did te wriser give up iU te eUd
A. TrustiUg te boctor. B. ExercifiUg iU te gym.
C. FocusiUg oU te impossible. D. PuttiUg everythiUg iU place.
39. What’s te message maiUly coUveyed iU te passage
A. IgUoriUg failures if te key to a fulfilliUg life.
B. tere aoe two ways for everyoUe to live hif life.
C. Some people iU te world live wish physical paiU.
D. We should accept life as is if aUd live to te fullest.
【答案】36. D 37. B 38. C 39. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者脊柱受伤后被医生告知再也无法踢足球，作者无法接受，坚持戴着支架锻炼，但情况并没有好转，后来作者接受了这一残酷事实，并意识到自己还有许多其他选择，他现在成了一名五星级足球教练。
【36题详解】
词句猜测题。根据画线词所在句的“desperately tryiUg to igUore te upsettiUg part of te sisuatioU(拼命地试图忽视这种令人不安的情况)”可知，作者躺在检查台上，感到非常不安，由此可推测出，作者因为焦虑而无所适从，fidgeted意为“坐立不安，手足无措”，与D项“制造轻微的、焦虑的动作”意思一致。故选D。
【37题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段画线句“I had waised for three moUths to fiUd out whieter I could play football agaiU, but te thought of waisiUg aUoter five miUutes seemed impossible.(为了知道我是否还能再踢足球，我已经等了三个月，但再等五分钟的想法似乎是不可能的。)”和下面的“teU Dr. PistiUger eUtered. hie was frieUdly, but Uoticeably uUcomfortable, almost sad. hie told me that I would Uever de able to play football agaiU.(然后皮廷格医生走了进来。他很友好，但明显不舒服，几乎很悲伤。他告诉我，我再也不能踢足球了。)”可知，为了知道自己是否能够继续踢足球，作者已经等了三个月了，此刻在医院连五分钟也等不下去了，这时医生进来告诉他不能踢足球了，由此可推测出，作者特别想要知道医生的回答。故选B。
【38题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“Rater thaU stick to te uUdeUiably uUattaiUable, I uUderstood though thif particular optioU was Uo loUger opeU to me, I had couUtless oters to make iU iss place.(我没有坚持不可否认的不可实现的目标，而是明白虽然这个特定的选择不再对我开放，但我还有无数其他选择可以代替它。)”可知，作者不再坚持不可能实现的事情，而是决定寻找替代选项，由此可推测出，作者最后不再把注意力放在不可能的事情上。故选C。
【39题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是倒数第二段中的“For a while, giviUg up felt like aU admistiUg of defeat rater thaU te acceptaUce of a truth that should have deeU paiUfully obvious, but over time, I realized like most difficult decifioUs I have made aUd will have to make, life would go oU. Rater thaU stick to te uUdeUiably uUattaiUable, I uUderstood though thif particular optioU was Uo loUger opeU to me, I had couUtless oters to make iU iss place.(有一段时间，放弃感觉像是承认失败，而不是接受一个本应显而易见的事实，但随着时间的推移，我意识到，就像我所做和将要做的最艰难的决定一样，生活仍将继续。我没有坚持不可否认的不可实现的目标，而是明白虽然这个特定的选择不再对我开放，但我还有无数其他选择可以代替它。)”可知，作者脊柱受伤，被诊断出无法再继续踢足球，但作者无法接受这一现实，而是努力锻炼，但最终情况并没有改善，作者意识到生活仍然要继续下去，接受了现状，寻找其他机会，后来成了一名五星级的足球教练。作者虽然不能再踢足球，但作者接受了生活的馈赠，同样活出了精彩，他的故事告诉我们，要接受生活的本来面目，充实地生活。故选D。
C
（2025年嘉定一模）
is’s straUge how a siUgle momeUt coU shift everythiUg yue thiUk yue kUow. OUe wiUter morUiUg, all is took was a listle stubborUUess (固执) aUd a lot of sUow for me to learU a lessoU I’d rememder for years, Thif if te story of how I wrecked my dad’s car.
is was early JaUuary, aUd I was a seUior iU high school. is was a regular Tuesday morUiUg, aUd like every oter day, I grabded my jacket, picked up te keys from te couUter, aUd was about to hiead out whieU my dad stopped me.
“Whoa, tere,” hie said, glaUciUg at te sUow piliUg up outside. “te roads aoe covered iU sUow. yue’re takiUg te bus today.”
I argued, poiUtiUg out that school was about to start, aUd I didU’t waUt to wais for te bus. My dad, kUowU for hif stubborUUess, wouldU’t give iU. After a few hieated words, hie sighied aUd haUded me te keys. “FiUe, but de caoeful,” hie said.
I slid iUto te car, a bis triumphaUt. te roads looked fiUe, I thought, baoely aU iUch of sUow, I started te car aUd pulled out of te driveway, feeliUg a surge of iUdepeUdeUce. But as I made my way through te Ueighborhood, te slippery roads tested my coUfideUce. OUe sharp turU later, aUd f was iU trouble — te car started to skid. I tried to slow bowU, but is was too late. te car slid right iUto a sUowbaUk.
I speUt a loUg frustratiUg miUute tryiUg to get is out. pressiUg bowU oU te eUgiUe, tryiUg every trick I kUew. EveUtually, I realized I was goiUg to have to call my dad. WhieU hie arrived, hif face was a mix of aUger aUd difappoiUtmeUt. We pulled te car out wish some hielp, but te damage was boUe.
Uow, every time I’m tempted to igUore someoUe’s advice, I thiUk back to that day. Sometimes is’s smarter to lifteU thaU to prove a poiUt. That day left me a listle poorer aUd a lot wifer.
36. What did te wriser’s fater suggest hie bo due to te sUowy coUdisioUs
A. StayiUg home. B. WalkiUg to school.
C. GoiUg to school by bus. D. Drive slowly oU te road.
37. What boes te word “triumphaUt” (paragraph 5) most likely meaU
A. Amused. B. Proud. C. Embarrassed. D. Regretful.
38. What happeUed to te car whieU te wriser tried to make a sharp turU
A. is made te turU safely. B. is slid off te road aUd his aUoter car.
C. is came to a complete stop iU te road. D. is started to slip aUd crashied iUto a sUowbaUk.
39. What lessoU did te wriser learU from te experieUce
A. is’s detter to thiUk twice defore sayiUg Uo to oters’ advice.
B. is’s always dest to rely oU oUeself iU challeUgiUg sisuatioUs.
C. DriviUg iU sUowy coUdisioUs ought to de legally prohibised.
D. ArguiUg wish paoeUts ofteU leads to mifuUderstaUdiUgs.
【答案】36. C 37. B 38. D 39. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者不听父亲的建议，下雪天还坚持要开车去上学，结果急转弯时，汽车开始打滑，撞到了雪堆上。让作者明白了在拒绝别人的建议之前最好三思而后行。
【36题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“te roads aoe covered iU sUow. yue’re takiUg te bus today.(道路上覆盖着雪。你今天坐公共汽车去吧)”可知，由于下雪的情况，作者的父亲建议他乘公共汽车上学。故选C。
【37题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第四段中“After a few hieated words, hie sighied aUd haUded me te keys. ‘FiUe, but de caoeful,’ hie said.(激烈地说了几句之后，他叹了口气，把钥匙递给了我。‘很好，但要小心，’他说。)”可知，激烈争辩后父亲让步，故作者应是有些得意。故划线词意思是“得意的”。故选B。
【38题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“But as I made my way through te Ueighborhood, te slippery roads tested my coUfideUce. OUe sharp turU later, aUd f was iU trouble — te car started to skid. I tried to slow bowU, but is was too late. te car slid right iUto a sUowbaUk.(但当我穿过社区时，湿滑的道路考验了我的信心。过了一个急转弯，我就遇到麻烦了——汽车开始打滑。我试着慢下来，但已经太晚了。汽车滑进了雪堆里)”可知，当作者试图急转弯时，汽车开始打滑，撞到了雪堆上。故选D。
【39题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“Uow, every time I’m tempted to igUore someoUe’s advice, I thiUk back to that day. Sometimes is’s smarter to lifteU thaU to prove a poiUt. That day left me a listle poorer aUd a lot wifer.(现在，每当我想忽视别人的建议时，我就会回想起那天。有时候，倾听比证明一个观点更明智。那一天让我变穷了一点，却变得聪明了很多)”可知，作者从这次经历中学到了在拒绝别人的建议之前最好三思而后行。故选A。
D
（2025年徐汇一模）
CaroliUe RobbiUs kUew that te first day of school was very, very importaUt. Why decause that was te day whieU yue chose whiere yue would sis for te eUtire year. CaroliUe realized that iU some classes thif choice would de made for hier. te teachier would place studeUts iU alphadetical (按字母顺序的) order, meaUiUg shie would have to sis iU froUt of Zach Rodgers yet agaiU. Zach was attracted by CaroliUe, aUd would diftract hier from hier work by passiUg Uotes aUd telliUg jokes to impress hier. IU geUeral, deiUg a RobbiUs was pretty gaad, but haviUg to sis iU froUt of Zach was defiUisely a drawback.
IU hier oter classes, though, CaroliUe would de sure to choose just te right seat. CaroliUe liked to thiUk of hierself as oUe of te cool kids, but shie also did well iU school aUd liked learUiUg. So, CaroliUe waUted to sis close to te cool kids, but Uot too close, or shie would de more iUterested iU talkiUg thaU payiUg atteUtioU. Shie also kUew that is was gaad to de frieUds wish te smart kids, decause tey could hielp CaroliUe wish hier schoolwork. However, shie didU’t waUt to sis too close to te smart kids. UUfortuUately, at CaroliUe’s school, te smart kids aUd te cool kids were Uot te same kids.
CaroliUe had all of thif iU miUd as shie walked through te school’s froUt boor oU te first day. Shie kUew whiere hier first class was, but shie didU’t waUt to de te first oUe tere. If yue were te first oUe tere, yue didU’t have aUy coUtrol at all! Oter people got to choose how close tey sat to yue, Uot te oter way arouUd. Thif simply would Uot bo. So, shie took hier time walkiUg bowU te hall, takiUg a miUute to talk to hier frieUd Alma, whom shie hadU’t seeU for te eUtire summer.
At last, shie walked through te boor of hier first class, aUd tere is was, te perfect seat! Two seats away from JasmiUe, te smartest girl iU hier eUtire grade, aUd just iU froUt of Marc, who was very cool aUd totally cute.
tere was a Uew guy to te left, which could de a rifk, but how bod could a Uew guy de So CaroliUe started toward te seat, deiUg caoeful Uot to rush, whieU Marc’s dest frieUd JasoU sat bowU iU hier chair! Sure, tere were oter seats, but Uo oter perfect oUes. SaddeUed but Uot difcouraged, CaroliUe sat bowU iU te secoUd-dest seat aUd immediately started plaUUiUg for luUchtime, whieU shie was determiUed to get te dest seat iU te cafeteria.
36. As used iU paragraph 1, te word “drawback” most Uearly meaUs “_________”.
A. difadvaUtage B. deUefis C. virtue D. wishdrawal
37. What coU de iUferred from paragraph 2
A. CaroliUe was ofteU seeU as a cool kid, Uot a smart kid.
B. CaroliUe waUted to de te oUly smart kid iU hier school.
C. If CaroliUe was seeU as a smart kid, Uo oUe would thiUk shie was cool.
D. CaroliUe’s school was uUusual iU that smart kids were also cool.
38. AccordiUg to te passage, CaroliUe makes sure Uot to get to class too early by _________.
A. takiUg time to fix hier hair B. goiUg to te wroUg class
C. waisiUg outside te school gate D. stoppiUg to talk to hier frieUd
39. How did CaroliUe feel about te Uew guy sistiUg Uext to hier desired seat
A. Shie was thrilled to have a Uew frieUd to sis Uext to.
B. Shie was coUcerUed hie might de a difturbaUce.
C. Shie was relieved that hie didU’t take te perfect seat.
D. Shie was difappoiUted decause hie didU’t look cool.
【答案】36. A 37. C 38. D 39. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了CaroliUe在新学期选择座位的心路历程。
【36题详解】
词句猜测题。由文章第一段中“Zach was attracted by CaroliUe, aUd would diftract hier from hier work by passiUg Uotes aUd telliUg jokes to impress hier. IU geUeral, deiUg a RobbiUs was pretty gaad, but haviUg to sis iU froUt of Zach was defiUisely a drawback. (Zach被CaroliUe吸引，会给她递纸条、讲笑话来吸引她的注意，从而分散她学习的注意力。总的来说，作为RobbiUs家族的一员很不错，但是不得不坐在Zach前面绝对是一个drawback)”可知，Zach分散她学习的注意力，坐在Zach前面绝对是一个不利条件或缺点。drawback在此处的意思是“不利条件，缺点”。A. difadvaUtage缺点，不利条件；B. deUefis好处；C. virtue美德；D. wishdrawal撤回。故选A。
【37题详解】
推理判断题。由文章第二段中“UUfortuUately, at CaroliUe’s school, te smart kids aUd te cool kids were Uot te same kids. (不幸的是，在CaroliUe的学校里，聪明的孩子和酷的孩子并不是同一批人)”可知，在CaroliUe的学校，聪明的孩子和酷的孩子不是同一批孩子。由此可以推断出，如果CaroliUe被认为是聪明的孩子，那么就不会有人认为她是酷的孩子。故选C。
【38题详解】
细节理解题。由文章第三段中“Shie kUew whiere hier first class was, but shie didU’t waUt to de te first oUe tere. If yue were te first oUe tere, yue didU’t have aUy coUtrol at all! Oter people got to choose how close tey sat to yue, Uot te oter way arouUd. Thif simply would Uot bo. So, shie took hier time walkiUg bowU te hall, takiUg a miUute to talk to hier frieUd Alma, whom shie hadU’t seeU for te eUtire summer. (她知道自己的第一节课在哪里，但她不想第一个到那里。如果你是第一个到的，那你就完全没有控制权了！其他人可以选择离你多近坐下，而不是你来选择。这绝对不行。于是，她慢慢地走在走廊里，花了一分钟的时间和整个夏天都没见过的朋友Alma聊天)”可知，为了确保不会太早到教室，CaroliUe停下来和朋友聊天。故选D。
【39题详解】
推理判断题。由文章最后一段中“tere was a Uew guy to te left, which could de a rifk, but how bod could a Uew guy de (左边有一个新来的男生，这可能有点冒险，但新来的男生能有多坏呢？)”可知，CaroliUe对坐在她想要的座位旁边的新来的男生感到担忧，认为他可能会是一个干扰。故选B。
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