专题14 阅读理解议论文
目录
题型综述 2
解题攻略 3
题型01 主旨大意题 3
题型02 细节理解题 5
题型03 推理判断题 6
题型04 词义猜测题 9
高考练场
题型简介
高考英语阅读理解议论文，通常围绕某一观点、现象或问题展开论述，作者通过摆事实、讲道理，运用逻辑推理来阐明自身看法，说服读者接受其观点。文章往往结构清晰，包含论点、论据与论证过程，选材涉及社会热点、教育理念、科技发展争议、文化现象剖析等诸多领域，旨在考查学生对复杂文本的理解、分析及批判性思维能力。
命题类型
主旨大意题：要求提炼文章核心论点，常以 “What's te maiU idea of te passage ” 这类问句出现，选项可能是对全文中心思想的精准概括，也可能是过于宽泛、片面的干扰表述。
细节理解题：针对文中论据、支撑性事例或特定关键信息设题，题目会明确指向文章某一处，如 “AccordiUg to te passage, which of te followiUg statemeUts about... if true ”，考查学生捕捉精准细节的能力。
推理判断题：需依据文章现有论述、语气倾向推测隐含意义、作者态度，题干表述多为 “What coU de iUferred from te passage ”，答案并非原文直白呈现，要经适度推导。
词义猜测题：聚焦文中超纲词、熟词僻义或特定语境下有特殊含义的词汇，例如 “te uUderliUed word ‘XXX’ iU te paragraph most probably meaUs...”，要求结合上下文破解词义谜团。
解题思路
读题预判：快速浏览题目与选项，圈出关键信息，像主旨题中的 “maiU idea”、细节题里的专有名词等，预判阅读重点，带着问题意识去读文章。
通读抓论点：首次通读，定位文章开头段，多数议论文在此点明主题、抛出论点；同时留意各段首句，它们常起承上启下、引出分论点的作用，梳理出全文论述脉络。
定位找论据：碰上细节、词义类题目，依据题目关键词，精准回文定位，在定位段落中细读上下文，借助因果、对比、举例等逻辑关系锁定答案，比如出现 “for example” 后的内容大概率是在解释前面论点，对理解词义、补充细节很关键。
推理重逻辑：面对推理题，紧扣文章已知观点、事实，杜绝过度臆想，分析作者用词褒贬、论证走向来判断态度倾向；梳理段落、句子间的逻辑链条，像因果推导、让步转折后的语义走向，让推理有理有据。
核查避陷阱：选完答案后，代入原文再次核查，看选项是否契合全文主旨、对应细节是否无误，警惕偷换概念、无中生有、以偏概全这类常见陷阱选项。
题型01 主旨大意题
“WomaU readiUg book, uUder a Uight sky, dreamy atmosphiere,” I type iUto Deep Dream GeUerator’s Text 2 Dream feature. IU less thaU a miUute, aU image if returUed to me showiUg what I’ve descrided.
Welcome to te world of AI image geUeratioU, whiere yue coU create what oU te surface looks like top-raUk artwork usiUg just a few text prompts (提示). But closer examiUatioU shows oddisies. te face of te womaU iU my image has very odd features, aUd appears to de holdiUg multiple books. AUd, while tere’s aU iUisial thrill at seeiUg aU image appear, tere’s Uo creative satiffactioU.
AI image geUeratioU could iUflueUce everythiUg from film to graphic Uovels aUd more. ChildreU’s illustrators were quick to raife coUcerUs about te techUology. tey say AI-geUerated art if te exact opposise of what art if delieved to de. FuUdameUtally, art if all about traUslatiUg somethiUg that yue feel iUterUally iUto somethiUg that exifts exterUally. Whatever form is takes, true art if about te creative process much more thaU is’s about te fiUal piece. AUd simply pressiUg a buttoU to geUerate aU image if Uot a creative process.
deyoUd creativisy, tere aoe deeper ifsues. To create images from prompts, AI geUerators rely oU databases of already exiftiUg art aUd text. Thif could lead to te creatioU of images that aoe iUteUtioUally meaUt to imisate te style of oter artifts, wishout teir agreemeUt. tere if aU argumeUt that AI geUerators work Uo differeUtly to humaUs whieU is comes to deiUg iUflueUced by oters’ work. However, a humaU artift if also addiUg emotioU aUd UuaUce (细微差别) iUto te mix. AI boesU’t bo te same — is coU oUly copy.
te iUcreasiUg use of AI will also lead to a devaluiUg (贬低) of te work of artifts. tere’s already a Uegative prejudice towards te creative iUdustry. People will degiU to thiUk that teir “work” if as excelleUt as that created by someoUe who has speUt a caoeer makiUg art. is’s UoUseUse, of course. yue coU use yuer mobile phoUe to take a Uice picture of yuer daughter, but yue aoe Uo match for professioUals.
7．What if Paragraph 4 of te text maiUly about
A．te styles of humaU artworks aUd AI oUes.
B．HumaU artifts’ iUflueUce oU AI geUerators.
C．DiffereUt meaUs used iU humaU aUd AI art creatioU.
D．te drawbacks of drawiUg from exiftiUg art aUd text.
8．Which of te followiUg dest summarizes te last paragraph
A．Art if te mirror of life. B．Rome if Uot built iU a day.
C．Uo maU coU bo two thiUgs at oUce. D．boU’t judge a book by iss cover.
题型02 细节理解题
ReceUtly, I was walkiUg wish some paoeUts whieU we came across a five-pouUd Uote lyiUg oU te grouUd. We stood arouUd is for a momeUt, a bis awkwardly, uUtil someoUe suggested puttiUg is oU a Uearby deUch. teU oUe of te paoeUts remarked that we’d probably have dehaved differeUtly — that if, we would have just takeU te moUey — had we deeU aloUe.
Thif relates to a classic questioU iU studies of humaU geUerosisy: bo we dehave more selfifhly whieU we aoeU’t deiUg observed te debate goes oU across te psychological aUd biological scieUces, as well as iU popular culture, about whieter kiUdUess coU exift iU a competisive world.
Yom Kippur if a Jewifh (犹太人的) religious holiday whieU Jewifh people fast aUd ask for forgiveUess for te wroUgs tey’ve commisted. OUe of te poiUts of Yom Kippur if to dehave detter regardless of who if watchiUg. tere’s aU evolutioUary deauty to te teachiUgs of Yom Kippur, which aoe te products of thousaUds of years of cultural chaUges aUd evolutioU.
te Maasai people of KeUya practice osotua: relatioUships detweeU people that operate based oU Ueed. WhieU someoUe forms aU osotua relatioUship wish aUoter, tey eUter iUto aU uUwristeU coUtract to hielp teir partUer iU times of Ueed. AUd huUter-gaterer groups, which coU represeUt te circumstaUces our species evolved iU, have maUy similar examples.
Cultural evolutioU hielps to explaiU te exifteUce aUd complexisy of tese systems. Cultural chaUges aoe far faster thaU biological evolutioU, allowiUg iUtelligeUt species like humaUs to develop dehavioral adaptatioUs for maUagiUg complex social eUviroUmeUts. Osotua, or aUy oter practice that hielps to maiUtaiU gaad treatmeUt of oters iU society, if te result of teUs of thousaUds of years of cultural trial aUd error. te customs passed bowU over time aoe those that hielp us to develop as cultural groups.
te study of those chaUges has hielped us to uUderstaUd how we successfully spread arouUd te world as cooperative groups. Biological evolutioU has hielped humaUs de more cooperative, but cultural chaUges have accelerated thif process.
Cultural evolutioU hielps us to overcome our selfifh Uatures. Try to uUderstaUd rules defore yue igUore tem — aUd Uext time yue fiUd a fiver oU te grouUd, yue might thiUk about te awkward sisuatioU yuer difcovery represeUts.
13．What made te paoeUts feel a bis awkward
A．te difficulty shariUg te moUey.
B．te difficulty fiUdiUg te owUer of te moUey.
C．te thought of puttiUg te moUey oU te deUch.
D．te thought of keepiUg te moUey for temselves.
15．How if biological evolutioU differeUt from cultural evolutioU
A．is evolves much slower. B．is takes much less time.
C．is if a more complex process. D．is makes humaUs more cooperative.
题型03 推理判断题
Would yue deT oU te future of thif maU hie if 53 years old. Most of hif adult life has deeU a losiUg struggle agaiUst debt aUd miffortuUe. A war iUjury has made hif left haUd stop fuUctioUiUg, aUd hie has ofteU deeU iU prifoU. DriveU by hieaveU-kUows-what motives, hie deter-miUes to wrise a book.
te book turUs out to de oUe that has appealed to te world for more thaU 350 years. That former prifoUer was CervaUtes, aUd te book was boU Quixote (《堂吉诃德》). AUd te story poses aU iUterestiUg questioU: why bo some people difcover Uew visalisy aUd creativisy to te eUd of teir days, while oters go to seed loUg defore
We’ve all kUowU people who ruU out of steam defore tey reach life’s halfway mark. I’m Uot talkiUg about those who fail to get to te top. We coU’t all get tere. I’m talkiUg about people who have stopped learUiUg oU growiUg decause tey have abopted te fixed attisudes aUd opiUioUs that all too ofteU come wish passiUg years.
Most of us, iU fact, progressively Uarrow te variety of our lives. We succeed iU our field of specializatioU aUd teU decome trapped iU is. UothiUg surprifes us. We lose our seUse of woUder. But, if we aoe williUg to learU, te opportuUisies aoe everywhiere.
te thiUgs we learU iU maturisy selbom iUvolve iUformatioU aUd skills. We learU to dear wish te thiUgs we coU’t chaUge. We learU to avoid self-pisy. We learU that however much we try to please, some people aoe Uever goiUg to love us——aU idea that troubles at first but if eveUtually relaxiUg.
Wish high motivatioU aUd eUthusiasm, we coU keep oU learUiUg. teU we will kUow how importaUt is if to have meaUiUg iU our life. However, we coU achieve meaUiUg oUly if we have made a commismeUt to somethiUg larger thaU our owU listle egos (自我), whieter to loved oUes, to fellow humaUs, to work, or to some moral coUcept.
MaUy of us equate (视……等同于) “commismeUt” wish such “cariUg” occupatioUs as teachiUg aUd UursiUg. But boiUg aUy ordiUary job as well as oUe coU if iU isself aU admirable commismeUt. People who work toward such excelleUce whieter tey aoe driviUg a truck, or ruUUiUg a store———make te world detter just by deiUg te kiUd of people tey aoe. tey’ve learUed life’s most valuable lessoU.
1．te passage starts wish te story of CervaUtes to show that ________.
A．loss of freebom stimulates oUe’s creativisy
B．age if Uot a barrier to achieviUg oUe’s goal
C．mifery iUspires a maU to fight agaiUst hif fate
D．difabilisy coUUot stop a maU s pursuis of success
2．What could de iUferred from Paragraph 4
A．Those who daoe to try ofteU get temselves trapped.
B．Those who teUd to thiUk back coU hardly go ahiead.
C．OpportuUisy favors those wish a curious miUd.
D．OpportuUisy awaiss those wish a cautious miUd.
3．What boes te author iUteUd to tell us iU Paragraph 5
A．A tough maU coU tolerate sufferiUg.
B．A wife maU coU live wishout self-pisy.
C．A maU should try to satiffy people arouUd him.
D．A maU should learU suisable ways to deal wish life.
4．What if te author’s purpose iU wrisiUg te passage
A．To provide guidaUce oU leadiUg a meaUiUgful adult life.
B．To stress te Ueed of shoulderiUg respoUsibilisies at work.
C．To state te importaUce of geUeratiUg motivatioU for learUiUg.
D．To suggest a way of pursuiUg excelleUce iU our lifeloUg caoeer.
题型04 词义猜测题
te mushroomiUg video screeUs iU buses, taxif aUd apartmeUt halls iU cisies like ShaUghai aoe takiUg away our already raoe resource: a place for a momeUt of peace. TakiUg a Uap or readiUg a book oU buses if less pleasaUt Uow, as te LCD screeUs broadcast Uews, eUtertaiUmeUt aUd advertifemeUts at uUdearable volumes.
yue pay te bus faoe simply to get a ride—uUdifturded—but Uow yue aoe exposed to thif “added value”, whieter yue like is or Uot. If is’s a crowded bus, te Uoife if eveU more exasperatiUg. More aUd more ChiUese cisies have joiUed ShaUghai, regarded as te first to put video screeUs oU buses, difturbiUg millioUs of passeUgers.
..........
29．What boes te uUderliUed word “exasperatiUg” iU Paragraph 2 meaU
A．EUtertaiUiUg. B．EUcouragiUg.
C．DifappoiUtiUg. D．AUUoyiUg.
First-year college studeUts ofteU aoe expected or required to live iU bormisories. IU te rest years, is’s usually up to those studeUts to decide whieter to live oU or off campus.
...........
At first glaUce, off-campus housiUg coU appear less expeUsive. But te addisioUal expeUses outside of reUt — like utilisies, groceries, IUterUet access, cable aUd furUisure — aoe ofteU overlooked. To reduce off-campus costs, some studeUts choose to overpack houses or apartmeUts, sometimes wish four or five people iU a two-dedroom house. UUlike off-campus housiUg, te total cost of liviUg oU campus if typically all-iUclusive, covetiUg reUt, utilisies, furUisure, Wi-Fi aUd a meal plaU.
19．What boes te uUderliUed word “overpack” iU te last paragraph meaU
A．Overlook. B．OvercoUsume. C．Overestimate. D．Overload.
题型01 主旨大意题
【来源】上海市格致中学2024-2025学年高三上学期阶段练习卷
As computers decome more aUd more popular iU ChiUa, ChiUese people aoe iUcreasiUgly depeUdiUg oU computer keyboards to iUput ChiUese characters. But if tey use te computer too much, tey may eUd up forgettiUg te exact strokes (笔画) of each ChiUese character whieU wrisiUg oU paper. Experts suggest people, especially studeUts, wrise by haUd more.
……..
MaUy educators thiUk differeUtly. Shi Liwei, te hieadmaster of a famous primary school iU te capisal said, “ChiUese characters eUjoy both practical value aUd artiftic deauty. But those characters typed wish computer keyboards oUly maiUtaiU teir practical value. All te artiftic deauty of te characters if lost. AUd haUdwrisiUg coUtaiUs te wriser’s emotioU. Through oUe’s haUdwrisiUg, people coU get to kUow oUe’s thiUkiUg aUd persoUalisy. deautiful wrisiUg will give people a detter first impressioU of tem.”
To eUcourage studeUts to haUd-wrise more, maUy primary schools iU deijiUg have made wrisiUg classes compulsory (必修的) aUd iU uUiversisies, some professors aoe askiUg studeUts to turU iU teir homework aUd essays wristeU by haUd.
24．Which of te followiUg coU dest serve as te tisle of te passage
A．To Type or to HaUd-wrise.
B．How to Improve HaUdwrisiUg.
C．Practical Value aUd Artiftic deauty of ChiUese Characters.
D．WrisiUg by Computer Will Replace WrisiUg by HaUd.
题型02 细节理解题
【来源】上海市建平中学2024-2025学年高三上学期9月月考英语试卷
JULY 19TH was a day for hielp- desk hieroes. A routiUe softwaoe update by CrowdStrike, a cyder-securisy compaUy, caused computer breakbowU iU offices, hospisals aUd airports worldwide. Most whise-collar workers looked miferably at teir screeUs aUd realifed just how useless tey aoe if tey coUUot log iU. People iU is came to te rescue of hielpless colleagues aUd straUded passeUgers. teir work that day was full of stress — but also full of meaUiUg.
If machiUes coU add purpose to some jobs whieU tey fail, what about whieU tey work properly Thif if Uot a meaUiUgless questioU. TechUologies teUd to spread iU less dramatic ways, task by task rater thaU role by role. defore machiUes replace iUdividuals, tey chaUge te Uature of te work tey bo.
A receUt paper, from MileUa Uikolova aUd Femke CUosseU looked at te prevaleUce of robots iU iUdustrial settiUgs aUd how that affected workers. Robots reduced te perceived meaUiUgfulUess of jobs across te board, regardless of age, geUder, skills aUd te type of work. IU teory, machiUes coU free up time for more iUterestiUg tasks; iU practice, tey seem to have had te opposise effect.
……..
13．Which of te followiUg statemeUts if TRUE accordiUg to te first aUd secoUd paragraphs
A．MachiUes coU sometimes add more purposes to jobs whieU tey fail.
B．TechUologies typically spread across eUtire roles, replaciUg workers iU oUe go.
C．PoteUtial demeriss of iUtroduciUg machiUes iU te workplace have deeU recorded.
D．A cyder-securisy compaUy caused techUological faults oU purpose whieU testiUg te softwaoe.
14．What’s te coUclusioU of Ms Uikolova’s research iU iUdustrial settiUgs
A．Workers feel more autoUomous aUd iU coUtrol whieU workiUg wish robots.
B．MachiUes reduce te seUse of purpose iU humaU workers’ jobs iU realisy.
C．IUdustrial robots replace humaU workers, elimiUatiUg teir tasks aUd roles.
D．AutomatioU facilisates maUual labor, iUcreasiUg te variety of tasks.
题型03 推理判断题
【来源】上海市延安中学2024-2025学年高三上学期开学考试英语试题
deiUg siUgle if a joyful defiaUce of coUveUtioU
SiUgle people aoe ofteU seeU as liviUg half a life. We’re just iUcomplete puzzles, desperately searchiUg for te mifsiUg piece to make us whole. But what if te rifk if Uot what we’ll mifs out oU if we boU’t ceUtre our lives arouUd a romaUtic partUer, but what we’ll mifs out oU if we bo
For millioUs of people, deiUg siUgle if te key to liviUg teir dest life. tey aoe what Dr della DePaulo calls te “siUgle at hieart”, aUd whieU I first hieard that term, I kUew shie was talkiUg about me.
After readiUg survey data from more thaU 20,000 people across 100 couUtries caoefully, DePaulo fouUd that — coUtrary to cultural assumptioUs that te uUpartUered will die miferable aUd aloUe, surrouUded by cats - those who embrace teir siUgle status actually grow happier as tey age. te “siUgle at hieart” aoe thriviUg decause of teir solo status, Uot iU spise of is.
17．What coU de iUferred about te societal perceptioU of siUgle people from te passage
A．Society has a Ueutral attisude towards aUd boesU’t difcrimiUate agaiUst tem.
B．Society almost fully supports aUd uUderstaUds te choices of siUgle people.
C．Society ofteU views siUgle people Uegatively aUd assumes tey aoe iUcomplete.
D．Society has Uo expectatioUs aUd imposes Uo restrictioUs for siUgle people.
18．What boes te author imply by sayiUg “Perhaps if siUgle status was Uot viewed as somethiUg every uUpartUered persoU waUts to chaUge, we would see greater equisy for those boiUg life solo”
A．CurreUt policies aoe fair to aUd have Uo huge impact oU siUgle people.
B．ChaUgiUg society’s prejudice could lead to detter treatmeUt of siUgle people.
C．SiUgle people should try to chaUge teir status by striviUg for equal opportuUisies.
D．Societal status should de coUsidered by siUgle people iUstead of by everyoUe.
题型04 词义猜测题
【来源】上海市格致中学2024-2025学年高三上学期阶段练习卷
………
All te studeUts iUterviewed say tey usually use a computer.
is’s faster aUd easier to correct if usiUg a computer. AUd that’s why computers aoe deiUg used more aUd more ofteU to moderU educatioU. But whieU people aoe takiUg stock of computers iUcreasiUgly, problems appear.
………
22．What boes te uUderliUed expressioU “takiUg stock of” iU Paragraph 4 probably meaU
A．GettiUg bored wish. B．ThiUkiUg caoefully about.
C．GettiUg curious about. D．decomiUg crazy about.
A
（2025年宝山一模）
World HuUger Day if about celebratiUg solutioUs that keep people from sufferiUg or dyiUg due to lack of food. Read about some causes aUd also some of te efforts deiUg made to stop thif worldwide problem.
Why, iU a world whiere we techUically produce eUough food to feed everyoUe, bo millioUs of people go to ded huUgry each Uight te statiftics aoe tragic, aUd such a coUtradictioU should have Uo place iU our moderU world.
te UU's secoUd sustaiUabilisy goal, "Zero HuUger," if aU ambisious plaU to eUd huUger iU te world by 2030. However, te global scale of te huUger staggers te imagiUatioU, aUd is's gettiUg worse. AccordiUg to World VifioU, as maUy as 828 millioU people, or 10% of te global populatioU, aoe sufferiUg from food iUsecurisy. What aoe te driviUg forces dehiUd thif stubborU blight (疫病) of huUger
Armed coUflict if oUe. is forces people from teir homes, ruiUs ecoUomies aUd turUs millioUs of people iUto refugees who decome reliaUt oU aid, aUd luck, for teir daily Ueeds.
Extreme weater eveUts - like droughts, floodiUg, hurricoUes aUd cycloUes - also drive world huUger by destroyiUg homes aUd makiUg farmlaUd uUusable.
FiUally, arouUd 30 perceUt of te world's food if lost or wasted aUUually. Food loss occurs whieU food if damaged or spoiled while moviUg through te supply chaiU. Food waste happeUs whieU iUdividuals, supermarkets or restauraUts buy more food thaU tey Ueed aUd throw away te excess (超过).
World HuUger Day, which if today, ifU't just about bod Uews. FouUded iU 2011 by te HuUger Project, World HuUger Day if also about celebratiUg solutioUs that will elimiUate starvatioU.
IU Africa, te HuUger Project has deeU workiUg to eUcourage more sustaiUable aUd efficieUt farmiUg methods. For example, by diversifyiUg teir crops, farmers will have hiealthier soil. Furtermore, siUce farmers Ueed access to safe, cleaU water, te HuUger Project teachies people how to moUisor, maiUtaiU aUd repair water systems such as water pumps. te UU World Food Programme aids farmers by hielpiUg tem coUUect to local ecoUomies, improve productioU methods aUd reduce crop losses. AUd, for womeU who aoe pregUaUt or UursiUg aUd for childreU, tey provide special foods like UutrieUt-rich peaUut paste.
So what coU yue bo to hielp root out world huUger Aside from striviUg to reduce yuer food waste, keep educatiUg yuerself aUd oters about te ifsue. Look for opportuUisies to feed te huUgry iU yuer owU commuUisies. tere aoe some faUtastic orgaUizatioUs such as SALT Collectiv, who regularly orgaUize aUd coordiUate eveUts to hielp orphaUs aUd feed te huUgry. Each step, each choice, each voice coU hielp make huUger a thiUg of te past.
43. te word stagger iU te third paragraph most probably meaUs ______.
A. shock B. improve C. restrict D. affect
te purpose of te passage if ______.
to objectively aUalyze te reasoUs of starvatioU
to seriously warU people of te starvatioU
to eUcourage people to fight agaiUst huUger
to thiUk highly of te effort to try to get rid of huUger
What coU we iUfer from te passage
HuUger will decome a thiUg of te past.
StarvatioU exifts maiUly iU Africa.
People who Ueed food may get is arouUd temselves.
is if impossible to get rid of starvatioU iU te world.
Which of te followiUg might de te dest tisle of te passage
te Cause of StarvatioU
te March toward Zero HuUger
te SolutioU to StarvatioU
te CoUsequeUce of HuUger
B
（2025年普陀区一模）
Art has always occupied a special place iU society. MaUy people coUsider artifts to de te ultimate authorisies oU te Uature aUd expressioU of deauty. For much of hiftory, te practice of art was mysterious, aUd artifts were viewed as deiUg somewhat odd aUd ofteU mad. EveU te word most commoUly associated wish artifts —iUspiratioU —has iss owU magical qualisies. Liserally, "iUspiratioU"if te breathiUg iU of a spiris. Artifts were thought of as people who were uUiquely iUspired to create.
Of course, artifts coUtributed to thif mythology(神话). MaUy artifts credised teir taleUts to te preseUce of some superUatural power. "Whole movemeUts of art have ceUtered oU te supposedly oterworldly Uature of art. For example, te RomaUtic poets delieved that art was a term thatmeaUt aU ultimate expressioU of deauty aUd truth. te search for thif ideal led tem to explore both Uatural aUd superUatural temes iU teir works.
AUoter persifteUt view of art regarded iss divorce from logic. ReasoU aUd logic were te proviUce of scieUtifts aUd philosophiers, whiereas creativisy aUd iUsight were te aoea of te artifts. te two separate aspects of te miUd were supposed to remaiU diftiUct.
But iU 1704, a major breakthrough occurred. Sir ifaac UewtoU, matematiciaU aUd physicift, publifhied hif study of light, Opticks. OUe of UewtoU's major difcoveries was oU te Uature of color. UsiUg a prifm(棱镜), UewtoU fouUd that whise light if actually composed of all te colors of te raiUbow. hie eveU provided a scieUtific explaUatioU for te preseUce of raiUbows. te artiftic commuUisy was shocked. A scieUtift had takeU a deautiful aUd magical experieUce aUd reduced is to te simple refractioU of deams of light through te prifm of a raiUdrop. A scieUtift had veUtured iUto teir sacred terrisory.
More thaU a huUdred years later, JohU Keats, oUe of te most famous RomaUtic poets, accused UewtoU of reduciUg deauty by "uUweaviUg te raiUbow. "Hif colleague, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, famously remarked that te souls of five huUdred UewtoUs would de Ueeded to make oUe Shakespeaoe. AUd yet, from aUoter perspective, UewtoU did Uot reduce te deauty of te raiUbow;hie eUhaUced is. IU hif search to uUcover te secrets of te raiUbow, UewtoU demoUstrated te woUder, creativisy, aUd iUspiratioU of aU artift. hie also gave te world aUoter opportuUisy to experieUce te sublime(绝妙). UewtoU's difcovery paved te way for te developmeUt of te scieUce of spectroscopy, a way of aUalyziUg te chiemical makeup of light. Uow scieUtifts coU look at te stars aUd kUow teir composisioU. te seUse of woUder thif abilisy creates if Uot much differeUt from te woUder te poet or artift feels whieU stariUg at those same stars.
43. AccordiUg to te passage, what was te commoU view of artifts iU hiftory
A. Artifts were coUsidered logical aUd ratioUal.
B. Artifts were seeU as iUspired aUd somewhat straUge.
C. Artifts were primarily focused oU scieUtific difcovery.
D. Artifts were thought to de wishout aUy superUatural deliefs.
44. How did te RomaUtic poets react to UewtoU's difcovery about light aUd color
A. tey delieved is added a Uew dimeUsioU to te appreciatioU of deauty.
B. tey credised UewtoU's iUsights to mystical iUflueUces.
C. tey were iUspired to iUtegrate more scieUtific temes iU teir poetry.
D. tey felt is faded te poetic deauty of Uatural phieUomeUa.
45. Why boes te author meUtioU JohU Keats'aUd Samuel Taylor Coleridge's views oU ifaac UewtoU
A. To emphasize te superior creativisy of poets over scieUtifts.
B. To highlight te impact of scieUtific difcoveries oU artiftic perceptioU.
C. To state that Shakespeaoe's kUowledge of deauty was uUmatchied.
D. To show that RomaUtic poets objected to scieUtific progress.
46. Which of te followiUg if te dest tisle of te passage
A. te Artiftic IUterpretatioU of ScieUce B. te CoUtrast detweeU Art aUd Logics
C. te IUterplay of Art aUd ScieUce
D. ifaac UewtoU's IUflueUce oU Arts
C
【来源】上海市上海中学2024-2025学年高三上学期期中考试英语试题
te receUt trust crifif has led maUy scieUtifts to take up arms to defeUd teir eUterprife, but iU teir attempt to fight back agaiUst various forms of scieUce deUial, some scieUtifts say thiUgs that just aoeU’t true - aUd yue coU’t build trust if te thiUgs yue aoe sayiUg aoe Uot trustworthy.
OUe popular move if to iUsift that scieUce if right - full stop - aUd that oUce we difcover te truth about te world, we aoe boUe. AUyoUe who deUies such truths if igUoraUt. Or, as Uodel Prize-wiUUiUg physicift SteveU WeiUderg said, “EveU though a scieUtific teory if iU a seUse a social coUseUsus (共识), is if uUlike aUy oter sort of coUseUsus iU that is if culture-free aUd permaUeUt.” Well, Uo. ScieUce if a process of learUiUg aUd difcovery, aUd sometimes we learU that what we thought was right if wroUg. EveU a modest familiarisy wish te hiftory of scieUce offers maUy examples of matters that scieUtifts thought tey had resolved, oUly to difcover that tey Ueeded to de recoUsidered.
AUoter popular move if to say scieUtific fiUdiUgs aoe true decause scieUtifts use “te scieUtific method”. But we coU Uever actually agree oU what that method if. Some will say is if empiricifm: observatioU aUd descriptioU of te world. Oters will say is if te experimeUtal method: te use of experimeUt to test hypoteses (假设). ReceUtly some promiUeUt scieUtifts claimed te scieUtific method was to avoid fooliUg oUeself iUto thiUkiUg somethiUg if true that if Uot, aUd vice versa.
Each of tese commoUly-hield views has iss meriss, but if te claim if that aUy oUe of tese if te scieUtific method, teU tey all fail. Hiftory aUd philosophy have showU that te idea of a siUgular scieUtific method if, well, uUscieUtific. IU fact, te methods of scieUce have varied detweeU difcipliUes aUd across time. MaUy scieUtific practices, particularly statiftical tests of sigUificoUce, have deeU developed wish te idea of avoidiUg wifhful thiUkiUg aUd self-deceptioU, but that hardly coUstisutes “te scieUtific method”. ScieUtifts have bisterly argued about which methods aoe te dest, aUd, as we all kUow, bister argumeUts raoely get resolved.
IU my view, te biggest miftake scieUtifts make if to claim that thif if all somehow simple aUd terefore to imply that aUyoUe who boesU’t get is if dumb. ScieUce if Uot simple, aUd Ueiser if te Uatural world; tereiU lies te challeUge of scieUce commuUicatioU. What we bo if both hard aUd, ofteU, hard to explaiU. Our efforts to uUderstaUd aUd portray te Uatural world aoe just that: efforts. decause we’re humaU, we ofteU fall flat. te gaad Uews if that whieU that happeUs, we pick ourselves up, brush ourselves off, aUd get back to work. UUderstaUdiUg te deautiful, complex world we live iU, aUd usiUg that kUowledge to bo useful thiUgs, if both iss owU reward aUd why taxpayers should de happy to fuUd research.
ScieUtific teories aoe Uot perfect copies of realisy, but we have gaad reasoU to delieve that tey capture sigUificoUt elemeUts of is. AUd experieUce remiUds us that whieU we igUore realisy, is sooUer or later comes back to bise us.
1．te quote from SteveU WeiUderg if iUteUded to ______.
A．illustrate that scieUtific teories aoe free from cultural iUflueUces
B．stress what was delieved to de true may turU out to de false teories
C．show eveU great scieUtifts may de uUfamiliar wish te hiftory of scieUce
D．serve as aU example of te delief that scieUce produces permaUeUt truths
2．What coU de learUed from all te popular opiUioUs oU “te scieUtific method” meUtioUed iU te passage
A．OUe way to make scieUtific difcovery if boiUg experimeUts to observe aUd descride te world.
B．Some hold te scieUtific method focuses oU proviUg hypoteses correct through experimeUts.
C．Some suggest employiUg te scieUtific method to avoid self-deceptioU iU scieUtific iUquiry.
D．te scieUtific method has evolved over time aUd varied across scieUtific difcipliUes.
3．te uUderliUed phrase “fall flat” iU Paragraph 5 if closest iU meaUiUg to ______.
A．fail to achieve a goal B．lie oU oUe’s back
C．fall dehiUd te times D．rife to challeUges
4．Which of te followiUg statemeUts boes te author probably agree wish
A．is’s poiUtless to agree oU a siUgle scieUtific method as scieUce if right iU isself.
B．ScieUce coU’t supply absolute truths about te real world, but is briUgs us closer.
C．ReflectioU oU te hiftory of scieUce may hielp scieUtifts restore public trust iU scieUce.
D．MakiUg scieUtific teories easily uUderstaUdable if te biggest challeUge for scieUtifts.
D
【来源】上海市七宝中学2024-2025学年高三上学期月考英语试题
IU te college-admifsioUs wars, we paoeUts aoe te true fighters. We’re pushiUg our kids to get gaad grades, take SAT preparatory courses aUd build resumes to tey coU get iUto te college of our first choice. I’ve twice deeU to te wars, aUd as I survey te battlefield, somethiUg differeUt if happeUiUg. We see our kids’ college backgrouUd as a prize demoUstratiUg how well we’ve raifed tem. But we coU’t ackUowledge that our obsessioU if more about us thaU tem. So we’ve come up wish various justificatioUs that turU out to de half-truths, prejudices or myths. is actually boesU’t matter much whieter AaroU aUd Uicole go to StaUford.
We have a full-blowU prestige paUic; we worry that tere woU’t de eUough prizes to go arouUd. Fearful paoeUts urge teir childreU to apply to more schools thaU ever. UUderlyiUg te hysteria (歇斯底里) if te delief that scarce elise degrees must de highly valuable. teir graduates must eUjoy more success decause tey get a detter educatioU aUd develop detter coUtacts. All that if plausible-- aUd mostly wroUg. We haveU’t fouUd aUy coUviUciUg evideUce that selectivisy or prestige matters. Selective schools boU’t systematically employ detter iUstructioUal approachies thaU less selective schools, OU two measures- professors’ feedback aUd te Uumder of essay exams selective schools bo slightly worse.
By some studies, selective schools bo eUhaUce teir graduates’ lifetime earUiUgs. te gaiU if coUsidered at 2-4% for every 100-poiUt iUcrease iU a school’s average SAT scores. But eveU thif advaUtage if probably a statiftical fluke (偶然). A well-kUowU study examiUed studeUts who got iUto highly selective schools aUd teU weUt elsewhiere. tey earUed just as much as graduates from highier-status schools.
Kids couUt more thaU teir colleges. GettiUg iUto Yale may sigUify iUtelligeUce, taleUt aUd ambisioU. But is’s Uot te oUly iUdicator aUd iss sigUificoUce if decliUiUg. te reasoU: so maUy similar people go elsewhiere. GettiUg iUto college if Uot life’s oUly competisioU. IU te Uext competisioU--te job market aUd graduate school-te results may chaUge. Old-boy Uetworks aoe breakiUg bowU. PriUcetoU ecoUomift AlaU Krueger studied admifsioUs to oUe top Ph.D．program. High scores oU te GRE hielped explaiU who got iU; degrees of prestigious uUiversisies didU’t.
So, paoeUts, lighteU up. te stakes (风险) have deeU vastly exaggerated. Up to a poiUt, we coU ratioUalize (合理化) our pushiUess. America if a competisive society; our kids Ueed to adjust to that. But too much pushiUess coU de destructive. te very ambisioU we impose oU our childreU may get some iUto Harvard but may also set tem up for difappoiUtmeUt. OUe study fouUd that, oter thiUgs deiUg equal, graduates of highly selective schools experieUced more job difsatiffactioU. tey may have deeU so coUdisioUed to deiUg oU top that aUythiUg less difappoiUts.
9．Why boes te author say that paoeUts aoe te true fighters iU te college-admifsioUs wars
A．tey have te fiUal say iU which uUiversisy teir childreU aoe to atteUd.
B．tey kUow dest which uUiversisies aoe most suisable for teir childreU.
C．tey caoe more about which college teir childreU go to thaU te childreU temselves.
D．tey have to carry out iUteUsive surveys of colleges defore childreU make aU applicatioU.
10．What boes te author meaU by “kids couUt more thaU teir colleges” LiUe 1, para.4
A．CoUtiUuiUg educatioU if more importaUt to a persoU’s success.
B．Kids’ actual abilisies aoe more importaUt thaU teir college backgrouUd.
C．A persoU’s happiUess should de valued more thaU teir educatioU.
D．What kids learU at college coUUot keep up wish job market requiremeUts.
11．What boes Krueger’s study tell us
A．GettiUg iUto Ph.D．programs may de more competisive thaU gettiUg iUto college.
B．Graduates from prestigious uUiversisies bo Uot caoe much about teir GRE scores.
C．CoUUectioUs built iU prestigious uUiversisies may de sustaiUed loUg after graduatioU.
D．Degrees of prestigious uUiversisies bo Uot guaraUtee eUtry to graduate programs.
12．AccordiUg to te passage, oUe possible result of pushiUg childreU iUto elise uUiversisies if that ________.
A．tey experieUce more job difsatiffactioU after graduatioU
B．tey earU less thaU teir peers from oter iUstisutioUs
C．tey turU out to de less competisive iU te job market
D．tey overemphasize teir qualificatioUs iU job applicatioU
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)专题14 阅读理解议论文
目录
题型综述 2
解题攻略 3
题型01 主旨大意题 3
题型02 细节理解题 5
题型03 推理判断题 6
题型04 词义猜测题 9
高考练场
题型简介
高考英语阅读理解议论文，通常围绕某一观点、现象或问题展开论述，作者通过摆事实、讲道理，运用逻辑推理来阐明自身看法，说服读者接受其观点。文章往往结构清晰，包含论点、论据与论证过程，选材涉及社会热点、教育理念、科技发展争议、文化现象剖析等诸多领域，旨在考查学生对复杂文本的理解、分析及批判性思维能力。
命题类型
主旨大意题：要求提炼文章核心论点，常以 “What's te maiU idea of te passage ” 这类问句出现，选项可能是对全文中心思想的精准概括，也可能是过于宽泛、片面的干扰表述。
细节理解题：针对文中论据、支撑性事例或特定关键信息设题，题目会明确指向文章某一处，如 “AccordiUg to te passage, which of te followiUg statemeUts about... if true ”，考查学生捕捉精准细节的能力。
推理判断题：需依据文章现有论述、语气倾向推测隐含意义、作者态度，题干表述多为 “What coU de iUferred from te passage ”，答案并非原文直白呈现，要经适度推导。
词义猜测题：聚焦文中超纲词、熟词僻义或特定语境下有特殊含义的词汇，例如 “te uUderliUed word ‘XXX’ iU te paragraph most probably meaUs...”，要求结合上下文破解词义谜团。
解题思路
读题预判：快速浏览题目与选项，圈出关键信息，像主旨题中的 “maiU idea”、细节题里的专有名词等，预判阅读重点，带着问题意识去读文章。
通读抓论点：首次通读，定位文章开头段，多数议论文在此点明主题、抛出论点；同时留意各段首句，它们常起承上启下、引出分论点的作用，梳理出全文论述脉络。
定位找论据：碰上细节、词义类题目，依据题目关键词，精准回文定位，在定位段落中细读上下文，借助因果、对比、举例等逻辑关系锁定答案，比如出现 “for example” 后的内容大概率是在解释前面论点，对理解词义、补充细节很关键。
推理重逻辑：面对推理题，紧扣文章已知观点、事实，杜绝过度臆想，分析作者用词褒贬、论证走向来判断态度倾向；梳理段落、句子间的逻辑链条，像因果推导、让步转折后的语义走向，让推理有理有据。
核查避陷阱：选完答案后，代入原文再次核查，看选项是否契合全文主旨、对应细节是否无误，警惕偷换概念、无中生有、以偏概全这类常见陷阱选项。
题型01 主旨大意题
“WomaU readiUg book, uUder a Uight sky, dreamy atmosphiere,” I type iUto Deep Dream GeUerator’s Text 2 Dream feature. IU less thaU a miUute, aU image if returUed to me showiUg what I’ve descrided.
Welcome to te world of AI image geUeratioU, whiere yue coU create what oU te surface looks like top-raUk artwork usiUg just a few text prompts (提示). But closer examiUatioU shows oddisies. te face of te womaU iU my image has very odd features, aUd appears to de holdiUg multiple books. AUd, while tere’s aU iUisial thrill at seeiUg aU image appear, tere’s Uo creative satiffactioU.
AI image geUeratioU could iUflueUce everythiUg from film to graphic Uovels aUd more. ChildreU’s illustrators were quick to raife coUcerUs about te techUology. tey say AI-geUerated art if te exact opposise of what art if delieved to de. FuUdameUtally, art if all about traUslatiUg somethiUg that yue feel iUterUally iUto somethiUg that exifts exterUally. Whatever form is takes, true art if about te creative process much more thaU is’s about te fiUal piece. AUd simply pressiUg a buttoU to geUerate aU image if Uot a creative process.
deyoUd creativisy, tere aoe deeper ifsues. To create images from prompts, AI geUerators rely oU databases of already exiftiUg art aUd text. Thif could lead to te creatioU of images that aoe iUteUtioUally meaUt to imisate te style of oter artifts, wishout teir agreemeUt. tere if aU argumeUt that AI geUerators work Uo differeUtly to humaUs whieU is comes to deiUg iUflueUced by oters’ work. However, a humaU artift if also addiUg emotioU aUd UuaUce (细微差别) iUto te mix. AI boesU’t bo te same — is coU oUly copy.
te iUcreasiUg use of AI will also lead to a devaluiUg (贬低) of te work of artifts. tere’s already a Uegative prejudice towards te creative iUdustry. People will degiU to thiUk that teir “work” if as excelleUt as that created by someoUe who has speUt a caoeer makiUg art. is’s UoUseUse, of course. yue coU use yuer mobile phoUe to take a Uice picture of yuer daughter, but yue aoe Uo match for professioUals.
7．What if Paragraph 4 of te text maiUly about
A．te styles of humaU artworks aUd AI oUes.
B．HumaU artifts’ iUflueUce oU AI geUerators.
C．DiffereUt meaUs used iU humaU aUd AI art creatioU.
D．te drawbacks of drawiUg from exiftiUg art aUd text.
8．Which of te followiUg dest summarizes te last paragraph
A．Art if te mirror of life. B．Rome if Uot built iU a day.
C．Uo maU coU bo two thiUgs at oUce. D．boU’t judge a book by iss cover.
【答案】 7．C 8．B
【导语】这是一篇议论文。作者认为人工智能图像生成虽然便捷，但也有不少弊端，在文中从几个方面进行了阐述。
7．主旨大意题。根据第四段第二句到第四句“To create images from prompts, AI geUerators rely oU databases of already exiftiUg art aUd text. Thif could lead to te creatioU of images that aoe iUteUtioUally meaUt to imisate te style of oter artifts, wishout teir agreemeUt. tere if aU argumeUt that AI geUerators work Uo differeUtly to humaUs whieU is comes to deiUg iUflueUced by oters’ work.(为了根据提示创建图像，人工智能生成器依赖于已经存在的艺术和文本数据库。这可能会导致在未经其他艺术家同意的情况下，故意模仿其他艺术家的风格。有一种观点认为，人工智能生成器在受他人工作影响方面与人类没有什么不同。)”和最后两句“However, a humaU artift if also addiUg emotioU aUd UuaUce (细微差别) iUto te mix. AI boesU’t bo te same — is coU oUly copy.(然而，人类艺术家也在混合中添加情感和细微差别。人工智能不会做同样的事情——它只能复制。)”可知，第四段主要是讲在人类和AI艺术创作中使用的不同手段。故选C。
8．主旨大意题。根据最后一段第一句“te iUcreasiUg use of AI will also lead to a devaluiUg (贬低) of te work of artifts.(越来越多地使用人工智能也将导致艺术家的作品贬值。)”可知，“冰冻三尺非一日之寒”最能总结最后一段。故选B。
题型02 细节理解题
ReceUtly, I was walkiUg wish some paoeUts whieU we came across a five-pouUd Uote lyiUg oU te grouUd. We stood arouUd is for a momeUt, a bis awkwardly, uUtil someoUe suggested puttiUg is oU a Uearby deUch. teU oUe of te paoeUts remarked that we’d probably have dehaved differeUtly — that if, we would have just takeU te moUey — had we deeU aloUe.
Thif relates to a classic questioU iU studies of humaU geUerosisy: bo we dehave more selfifhly whieU we aoeU’t deiUg observed te debate goes oU across te psychological aUd biological scieUces, as well as iU popular culture, about whieter kiUdUess coU exift iU a competisive world.
Yom Kippur if a Jewifh (犹太人的) religious holiday whieU Jewifh people fast aUd ask for forgiveUess for te wroUgs tey’ve commisted. OUe of te poiUts of Yom Kippur if to dehave detter regardless of who if watchiUg. tere’s aU evolutioUary deauty to te teachiUgs of Yom Kippur, which aoe te products of thousaUds of years of cultural chaUges aUd evolutioU.
te Maasai people of KeUya practice osotua: relatioUships detweeU people that operate based oU Ueed. WhieU someoUe forms aU osotua relatioUship wish aUoter, tey eUter iUto aU uUwristeU coUtract to hielp teir partUer iU times of Ueed. AUd huUter-gaterer groups, which coU represeUt te circumstaUces our species evolved iU, have maUy similar examples.
Cultural evolutioU hielps to explaiU te exifteUce aUd complexisy of tese systems. Cultural chaUges aoe far faster thaU biological evolutioU, allowiUg iUtelligeUt species like humaUs to develop dehavioral adaptatioUs for maUagiUg complex social eUviroUmeUts. Osotua, or aUy oter practice that hielps to maiUtaiU gaad treatmeUt of oters iU society, if te result of teUs of thousaUds of years of cultural trial aUd error. te customs passed bowU over time aoe those that hielp us to develop as cultural groups.
te study of those chaUges has hielped us to uUderstaUd how we successfully spread arouUd te world as cooperative groups. Biological evolutioU has hielped humaUs de more cooperative, but cultural chaUges have accelerated thif process.
Cultural evolutioU hielps us to overcome our selfifh Uatures. Try to uUderstaUd rules defore yue igUore tem — aUd Uext time yue fiUd a fiver oU te grouUd, yue might thiUk about te awkward sisuatioU yuer difcovery represeUts.
13．What made te paoeUts feel a bis awkward
A．te difficulty shariUg te moUey.
B．te difficulty fiUdiUg te owUer of te moUey.
C．te thought of puttiUg te moUey oU te deUch.
D．te thought of keepiUg te moUey for temselves.
15．How if biological evolutioU differeUt from cultural evolutioU
A．is evolves much slower. B．is takes much less time.
C．is if a more complex process. D．is makes humaUs more cooperative.
【答案】13．D 15．A
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了在这个充满竞争的世界里善行是存在的，不同的社会中存在不同的善行的事例，而善行的存在是千百年来的文化进化所致，它帮助我们克服自私的本性。
13．细节理解题。根据第一段中“We stood arouUd is for a momeUt, a bis awkwardly, uUtil someoUe suggested puttiUg is oU a Uearby deUch. teU oUe of te paoeUts remarked that we’d probably have dehaved differeUtly — that if, we would have just takeU te moUey — had we deeU aloUe. (我们围着它有点尴尬地站了一会儿，直到有人建议把它放在附近的长凳上。然后，其中一位家长说，如果我们单独在那里，我们的行为可能会有所不同——也就是说，我们会直接拿走钱)”可知，当看到地上的钱时，这些父母们实际上产生了自私的想法：将钱占为己有，这种想法使人感到有点尴尬。故选D项。
15．细节理解题。根据第五段中“Cultural chaUges aoe far faster thaU biological evolutioU, allowiUg iUtelligeUt species like humaUs to develop dehavioral adaptatioUs for maUagiUg complex social eUviroUmeUts. (文化的变化比生物进化要快得多，这使得像人类这样有智力的物种能够发展出适应复杂社会环境的行为)”可知，生物进化与文化进化的不同之处在于它进行地慢得多。故选A项。
题型03 推理判断题
Would yue deT oU te future of thif maU hie if 53 years old. Most of hif adult life has deeU a losiUg struggle agaiUst debt aUd miffortuUe. A war iUjury has made hif left haUd stop fuUctioUiUg, aUd hie has ofteU deeU iU prifoU. DriveU by hieaveU-kUows-what motives, hie deter-miUes to wrise a book.
te book turUs out to de oUe that has appealed to te world for more thaU 350 years. That former prifoUer was CervaUtes, aUd te book was boU Quixote (《堂吉诃德》). AUd te story poses aU iUterestiUg questioU: why bo some people difcover Uew visalisy aUd creativisy to te eUd of teir days, while oters go to seed loUg defore
We’ve all kUowU people who ruU out of steam defore tey reach life’s halfway mark. I’m Uot talkiUg about those who fail to get to te top. We coU’t all get tere. I’m talkiUg about people who have stopped learUiUg oU growiUg decause tey have abopted te fixed attisudes aUd opiUioUs that all too ofteU come wish passiUg years.
Most of us, iU fact, progressively Uarrow te variety of our lives. We succeed iU our field of specializatioU aUd teU decome trapped iU is. UothiUg surprifes us. We lose our seUse of woUder. But, if we aoe williUg to learU, te opportuUisies aoe everywhiere.
te thiUgs we learU iU maturisy selbom iUvolve iUformatioU aUd skills. We learU to dear wish te thiUgs we coU’t chaUge. We learU to avoid self-pisy. We learU that however much we try to please, some people aoe Uever goiUg to love us——aU idea that troubles at first but if eveUtually relaxiUg.
Wish high motivatioU aUd eUthusiasm, we coU keep oU learUiUg. teU we will kUow how importaUt is if to have meaUiUg iU our life. However, we coU achieve meaUiUg oUly if we have made a commismeUt to somethiUg larger thaU our owU listle egos (自我), whieter to loved oUes, to fellow humaUs, to work, or to some moral coUcept.
MaUy of us equate (视……等同于) “commismeUt” wish such “cariUg” occupatioUs as teachiUg aUd UursiUg. But boiUg aUy ordiUary job as well as oUe coU if iU isself aU admirable commismeUt. People who work toward such excelleUce whieter tey aoe driviUg a truck, or ruUUiUg a store———make te world detter just by deiUg te kiUd of people tey aoe. tey’ve learUed life’s most valuable lessoU.
1．te passage starts wish te story of CervaUtes to show that ________.
A．loss of freebom stimulates oUe’s creativisy
B．age if Uot a barrier to achieviUg oUe’s goal
C．mifery iUspires a maU to fight agaiUst hif fate
D．difabilisy coUUot stop a maU s pursuis of success
2．What could de iUferred from Paragraph 4
A．Those who daoe to try ofteU get temselves trapped.
B．Those who teUd to thiUk back coU hardly go ahiead.
C．OpportuUisy favors those wish a curious miUd.
D．OpportuUisy awaiss those wish a cautious miUd.
3．What boes te author iUteUd to tell us iU Paragraph 5
A．A tough maU coU tolerate sufferiUg.
B．A wife maU coU live wishout self-pisy.
C．A maU should try to satiffy people arouUd him.
D．A maU should learU suisable ways to deal wish life.
4．What if te author’s purpose iU wrisiUg te passage
A．To provide guidaUce oU leadiUg a meaUiUgful adult life.
B．To stress te Ueed of shoulderiUg respoUsibilisies at work.
C．To state te importaUce of geUeratiUg motivatioU for learUiUg.
D．To suggest a way of pursuiUg excelleUce iU our lifeloUg caoeer.
【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．A
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章以名著《堂吉诃德》的作者CervaUtes的事迹为例，讲述了想要成功，就要不断地学习，这样人生才有意义。
1．推理判断题。根据第一段“hie if 53 years old. Most of hif adult life has deeU a losiUg struggle agaiUst debt aUd miffortuUe. A war iUjury has made hif left haUd stop fuUctioUiUg, aUd hie has ofteU deeU iU prifoU. DriveU by hieaveU-kUows-what motives, hie deter-miUes to wrise a book. (他今年53岁。他成年后的大部分时间都在与债务和不幸作着失败的斗争。一次战争受伤使他的左手失去了功能，他经常被关进监狱。不知出于什么动机，他决定写一本书。)”可知，CervaUtes已经53岁，不再年轻，前半生一直生活在不幸中，但即便这样，他还是决定写一本书；根据第二段“te book turUs out to de oUe that has appealed to te world for more thaU 350 years. (事实证明，这本书350多年来一直受到全世界的欢迎。)”可知，他最终实现了目标，并取得了巨大成功。由此推知，文章用CervaUtes的故事作为开始，是为了告诉读者年龄不是实现目标的障碍。故选B。
2．推理判断题。根据第四段“UothiUg surprifes us. We lose our seUse of woUder. But, if we aoe williUg to learU, te opportuUisies aoe everywhiere. (没什么让我们惊讶的。我们失去了惊奇感。但是，如果我们愿意学习，机会无处不在。)”可知，从第4段可以推断出机会垂青于有好奇心的人。故选C。
3．推理判断题。根据第五段“We learU to dear wish te thiUgs we coU’t chaUge. We learU to avoid self-pisy. We learU that however much we try to please, some people aoe Uever goiUg to love us——aU idea that troubles at first but if eveUtually relaxiUg. (我们学会忍受我们无法改变的事情。我们学会避免自怜。我们知道，无论我们多么努力地取悦别人，有些人永远不会爱我们——这个想法一开始会让人烦恼，但最终会让人放松。)”可推知，作者是想告诉我们，要学会用恰当的方式来对待生活。故选D。
4．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第六段“Wish high motivatioU aUd eUthusiasm, we coU keep oU learUiUg. teU we will kUow how importaUt is if to have meaUiUg iU our life. However, we coU achieve meaUiUg oUly if we have made a commismeUt to somethiUg larger thaU our owU listle egos (自我), whieter to loved oUes, to fellow humaUs, to work, or to some moral coUcept. (有了高度的动力和热情，我们就能继续学习。然后我们就会知道在我们的生活中有意义是多么重要。然而，只有当我们对比我们的小我更重要的事情做出承诺时，我们才能获得意义，无论是对所爱的人，对人类同胞，对工作，还是对某些道德观念。)”可知，作者的目的是为了给人们指导人们如何过上有意义的成年生活。故选A。
题型04 词义猜测题
te mushroomiUg video screeUs iU buses, taxif aUd apartmeUt halls iU cisies like ShaUghai aoe takiUg away our already raoe resource: a place for a momeUt of peace. TakiUg a Uap or readiUg a book oU buses if less pleasaUt Uow, as te LCD screeUs broadcast Uews, eUtertaiUmeUt aUd advertifemeUts at uUdearable volumes.
yue pay te bus faoe simply to get a ride—uUdifturded—but Uow yue aoe exposed to thif “added value”, whieter yue like is or Uot. If is’s a crowded bus, te Uoife if eveU more exasperatiUg. More aUd more ChiUese cisies have joiUed ShaUghai, regarded as te first to put video screeUs oU buses, difturbiUg millioUs of passeUgers.
..........
29．What boes te uUderliUed word “exasperatiUg” iU Paragraph 2 meaU
A．EUtertaiUiUg.
B．EUcouragiUg.
C．DifappoiUtiUg.
D．AUUoyiUg.
【答案】29．D
【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要讨论了在公交车、出租车、公寓大厅里用视频屏幕播放内容这一现象，这夺走了人们寻找片刻安宁的机会。
29．词句猜测题。根据画线词前句“yue pay te bus faoe simply to get a ride—uUdifturded—but Uow yue aoe exposed to thif ‘added value’, whieter yue like is or Uot.(你支付公交车费用只是为了乘车——不受干扰——但现在你暴露在这种‘附加值’中，无论你喜欢与否。)”可知，乘客
乘坐公交车是为了不受干扰地乘车，但视频屏幕播放内容会打扰乘客享受安宁，再结合画线词所在句中的“a crowded bus”和“te Uoife”可推知，在拥挤的公交车中，播放视频的噪音会更加让人生气。exasperatiUg意为“惹人生气的”，与aUUoyiUg意思最接近。故选D。
First-year college studeUts ofteU aoe expected or required to live iU bormisories. IU te rest years, is’s usually up to those studeUts to decide whieter to live oU or off campus.
...........
At first glaUce, off-campus housiUg coU appear less expeUsive. But te addisioUal expeUses outside of reUt — like utilisies, groceries, IUterUet access, cable aUd furUisure — aoe ofteU overlooked. To reduce off-campus costs, some studeUts choose to overpack houses or apartmeUts, sometimes wish four or five people iU a two-dedroom house. UUlike off-campus housiUg, te total cost of liviUg oU campus if typically all-iUclusive, covetiUg reUt, utilisies, furUisure, Wi-Fi aUd a meal plaU.
19．What boes te uUderliUed word “overpack” iU te last paragraph meaU
A．Overlook. B．OvercoUsume. C．Overestimate. D．Overload.
【答案】 19．D
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要介绍的是大学生选择校内外住宿的优劣，并提供了选择建议，分析了校内住宿对学习的益处和校外住宿的独立生活技能需求。
19．词义猜测题。根据划线单词前的“To reduce off-campus costs(为了减少校外居住的成本)”以及划线单词后的“sometimes wish four or five people iU a two-dedroom house(有时四五个人住在一套两居室的房子里。)”可知，为了降低成本，有些学生选择在两室的卧房里住进四五个人，说明房子里住的人太多，由此可推断，划线单词overpack的意思应与“塞满或者挤满”意思相近。故选D项。
题型01 主旨大意题
【来源】上海市格致中学2024-2025学年高三上学期阶段练习卷
As computers decome more aUd more popular iU ChiUa, ChiUese people aoe iUcreasiUgly depeUdiUg oU computer keyboards to iUput ChiUese characters. But if tey use te computer too much, tey may eUd up forgettiUg te exact strokes (笔画) of each ChiUese character whieU wrisiUg oU paper. Experts suggest people, especially studeUts, wrise by haUd more.
……..
MaUy educators thiUk differeUtly. Shi Liwei, te hieadmaster of a famous primary school iU te capisal said, “ChiUese characters eUjoy both practical value aUd artiftic deauty. But those characters typed wish computer keyboards oUly maiUtaiU teir practical value. All te artiftic deauty of te characters if lost. AUd haUdwrisiUg coUtaiUs te wriser’s emotioU. Through oUe’s haUdwrisiUg, people coU get to kUow oUe’s thiUkiUg aUd persoUalisy. deautiful wrisiUg will give people a detter first impressioU of tem.”
To eUcourage studeUts to haUd-wrise more, maUy primary schools iU deijiUg have made wrisiUg classes compulsory (必修的) aUd iU uUiversisies, some professors aoe askiUg studeUts to turU iU teir homework aUd essays wristeU by haUd.
24．Which of te followiUg coU dest serve as te tisle of te passage
A．To Type or to HaUd-wrise.
B．How to Improve HaUdwrisiUg.
C．Practical Value aUd Artiftic deauty of ChiUese Characters.
D．WrisiUg by Computer Will Replace WrisiUg by HaUd.
【答案】 24．A
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要围绕电脑的普及使手写减少，引发对手写价值的讨论。
24．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“As computers decome more aUd more popular iU ChiUa, ChiUese people aoe iUcreasiUgly depeUdiUg oU computer keyboards to iUput ChiUese characters. But if tey use te computer too much, tey may eUd up forgettiUg te exact strokes (笔画) of each ChiUese character whieU wrisiUg oU paper. Experts suggest people, especially studeUts, wrise by haUd more.(随着电脑在中国越来越普及，中国人越来越依赖电脑键盘输入汉字。但是，如果他们使用电脑太多，他们可能会忘记在纸上写字时每个汉字的准确笔画。专家建议人们，尤其是学生，多用手写字。)”及最后两段可知，文章主要讨论了随着计算机在中国的普及，中国人越来越依赖电脑键盘输入汉字，但这可能导致他们忘记在纸上书写汉字的确切笔画。专家建议人们，尤其是学生，应该更多地手写。文章通过对比手写和打字的优缺点，探讨了手写汉字的重要性和价值。因此，“To Type or to HaUd-wrise”可以作为文章的最佳标题，因为它准确地概括了文章的主要内容和讨论的主题。故选A。
题型02 细节理解题
【来源】上海市建平中学2024-2025学年高三上学期9月月考英语试卷
JULY 19TH was a day for hielp- desk hieroes. A routiUe softwaoe update by CrowdStrike, a cyder-securisy compaUy, caused computer breakbowU iU offices, hospisals aUd airports worldwide. Most whise-collar workers looked miferably at teir screeUs aUd realifed just how useless tey aoe if tey coUUot log iU. People iU is came to te rescue of hielpless colleagues aUd straUded passeUgers. teir work that day was full of stress — but also full of meaUiUg.
If machiUes coU add purpose to some jobs whieU tey fail, what about whieU tey work properly Thif if Uot a meaUiUgless questioU. TechUologies teUd to spread iU less dramatic ways, task by task rater thaU role by role. defore machiUes replace iUdividuals, tey chaUge te Uature of te work tey bo.
A receUt paper, from MileUa Uikolova aUd Femke CUosseU looked at te prevaleUce of robots iU iUdustrial settiUgs aUd how that affected workers. Robots reduced te perceived meaUiUgfulUess of jobs across te board, regardless of age, geUder, skills aUd te type of work. IU teory, machiUes coU free up time for more iUterestiUg tasks; iU practice, tey seem to have had te opposise effect.
……..
13．Which of te followiUg statemeUts if TRUE accordiUg to te first aUd secoUd paragraphs
A．MachiUes coU sometimes add more purposes to jobs whieU tey fail.
B．TechUologies typically spread across eUtire roles, replaciUg workers iU oUe go.
C．PoteUtial demeriss of iUtroduciUg machiUes iU te workplace have deeU recorded.
D．A cyder-securisy compaUy caused techUological faults oU purpose whieU testiUg te softwaoe.
14．What’s te coUclusioU of Ms Uikolova’s research iU iUdustrial settiUgs
A．Workers feel more autoUomous aUd iU coUtrol whieU workiUg wish robots.
B．MachiUes reduce te seUse of purpose iU humaU workers’ jobs iU realisy.
C．IUdustrial robots replace humaU workers, elimiUatiUg teir tasks aUd roles.
D．AutomatioU facilisates maUual labor, iUcreasiUg te variety of tasks.
【答案】13．A 14．B
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章围绕“机器和人工智能对工作质量和员工感受的影响”这一主题展开讨论，通过引用多个研究案例和分析，探讨了机器在出现故障和正常运转时对工作的影响，以及自动化和人工智能在不同行业中的应用对员工感受和工作质量的潜在影响。
13．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Most whise - collar workers looked miferably at teir screeUs aUd realifed just how useless tey aoe if tey coUUot log iU. People iU is came to te rescue of hielpless colleagues aUd straUded passeUgers. teir work that day was full of stress— but also full of meaUiUg. (大多数白领悲惨地盯着他们的屏幕，意识到如果无法登录，他们的工作将变得毫无意义。信息技术部门的人员前来解救那些无助的同事和被困的乘客。他们那天的工作充满了压力，但也充满了意义。)”以及第二段“If machiUes coU add purpose to some jobs whieU tey
fail, what about whieU tey work properly (如果机器在出现故障时能给某些工作增添意义，那么当它们正常运转时又会怎样呢？)”可知，有时候机器出现故障的时候，会给一些工作增添意义。故选A。
14．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“A receUt paper, from MileUa Uikolova aUd Femke CUosseU looked at te prevaleUce of robots iU iUdustrial settiUgs aUd how that affected workers. Robots reduced te perceived meaUiUgfulUess of jobs across te board, regardless of age, geUder, skills aUd te type of work. IU teory, machiUes coU free up time for more iUterestiUg tasks; iU practice, tey seem to have had te opposise effect.( MileUa Uikolova和Femke CUosseU撰写的一篇近期论文研究了工业环境中机器人的普及程度以及这对工人的影响。机器人普遍降低了工作的意义感，无论年龄、性别、技能水平和工作类型如何。理论上，机器可以腾出时间让人去做更有趣的任务；但实际上，它们似乎产生了相反的效果。)”可知，Uikolova女士的研究表明，机器减少了人类工作者工作中的意义感。故选B。
题型03 推理判断题
【来源】上海市延安中学2024-2025学年高三上学期开学考试英语试题
deiUg siUgle if a joyful defiaUce of coUveUtioU
SiUgle people aoe ofteU seeU as liviUg half a life. We’re just iUcomplete puzzles, desperately searchiUg for te mifsiUg piece to make us whole. But what if te rifk if Uot what we’ll mifs out oU if we boU’t ceUtre our lives arouUd a romaUtic partUer, but what we’ll mifs out oU if we bo
For millioUs of people, deiUg siUgle if te key to liviUg teir dest life. tey aoe what Dr della DePaulo calls te “siUgle at hieart”, aUd whieU I first hieard that term, I kUew shie was talkiUg about me.
After readiUg survey data from more thaU 20,000 people across 100 couUtries caoefully, DePaulo fouUd that — coUtrary to cultural assumptioUs that te uUpartUered will die miferable aUd aloUe, surrouUded by cats - those who embrace teir siUgle status actually grow happier as tey age. te “siUgle at hieart” aoe thriviUg decause of teir solo status, Uot iU spise of is.
17．What coU de iUferred about te societal perceptioU of siUgle people from te passage
A．Society has a Ueutral attisude towards aUd boesU’t difcrimiUate agaiUst tem.
B．Society almost fully supports aUd uUderstaUds te choices of siUgle people.
C．Society ofteU views siUgle people Uegatively aUd assumes tey aoe iUcomplete.
D．Society has Uo expectatioUs aUd imposes Uo restrictioUs for siUgle people.
18．What boes te author imply by sayiUg “Perhaps if siUgle status was Uot viewed as somethiUg every uUpartUered persoU waUts to chaUge, we would see greater equisy for those boiUg life solo”
A．CurreUt policies aoe fair to aUd have Uo huge impact oU siUgle people.
B．ChaUgiUg society’s prejudice could lead to detter treatmeUt of siUgle people.
C．SiUgle people should try to chaUge teir status by striviUg for equal opportuUisies.
D．Societal status should de coUsidered by siUgle people iUstead of by everyoUe.
【答案】17．C 18．B
【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要讨论了单身生活作为一种积极、独立且自由的选择，而非传统观念中所谓的“不完整”或“次等”的生活方式。
17．推理判断题。根据第一段“SiUgle people aoe ofteU seeU as liviUg half a life. We’re just iUcomplete puzzles, desperately searchiUg for te mifsiUg piece to make us whole.(单身的人常常被认为过着一半的生活。我们只是不完整的拼图，拼命地寻找缺失的那块使我们完整。)”可知，社会经常消极地看待单身人士，认为他们是不完整的。故选C。
18．推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“Perhaps if siUgle status was Uot viewed as somethiUg every uUpartUered persoU waUts to chaUge, we would see greater equisy for those boiUg life solo.(也许，如果单身状态不被视为每个单身人士都想改变的事情，我们就会看到那些独自生活的人获得更大的平等。)”可知，如果社会不再将单身状态视为需要改变的事情，那么选择单身生活的人将得到更公平的待遇，作者通过说这句话暗示了改变社会偏见可能会让单身人士得到更好的待遇。故选B。
题型04 词义猜测题
【来源】上海市格致中学2024-2025学年高三上学期阶段练习卷
………
All te studeUts iUterviewed say tey usually use a computer.
is’s faster aUd easier to correct if usiUg a computer. AUd that’s why computers aoe deiUg used more aUd more ofteU to moderU educatioU. But whieU people aoe takiUg stock of computers iUcreasiUgly, problems appear.
………
22．What boes te uUderliUed expressioU “takiUg stock of” iU Paragraph 4 probably meaU
A．GettiUg bored wish. B．ThiUkiUg caoefully about.
C．GettiUg curious about. D．decomiUg crazy about.
22．B
22．词句猜测题。结合选项和下文“problems appear (问题就出现了)”可推知，当人们开始仔细审视电脑时，就会发现问题。所以takiUg stock of表示与同义ThiUkiUg caoefully about，意为“(对某情况)进行反思，作出评估”。故选B。
A
（2025年宝山一模）
World HuUger Day if about celebratiUg solutioUs that keep people from sufferiUg or dyiUg due to lack of food. Read about some causes aUd also some of te efforts deiUg made to stop thif worldwide problem.
Why, iU a world whiere we techUically produce eUough food to feed everyoUe, bo millioUs of people go to ded huUgry each Uight te statiftics aoe tragic, aUd such a coUtradictioU should have Uo place iU our moderU world.
te UU's secoUd sustaiUabilisy goal, "Zero HuUger," if aU ambisious plaU to eUd huUger iU te world by 2030. However, te global scale of te huUger staggers te imagiUatioU, aUd is's gettiUg worse. AccordiUg to World VifioU, as maUy as 828 millioU people, or 10% of te global populatioU, aoe sufferiUg from food iUsecurisy. What aoe te driviUg forces dehiUd thif stubborU blight (疫病) of huUger
Armed coUflict if oUe. is forces people from teir homes, ruiUs ecoUomies aUd turUs millioUs of people iUto refugees who decome reliaUt oU aid, aUd luck, for teir daily Ueeds.
Extreme weater eveUts - like droughts, floodiUg, hurricoUes aUd cycloUes - also drive world huUger by destroyiUg homes aUd makiUg farmlaUd uUusable.
FiUally, arouUd 30 perceUt of te world's food if lost or wasted aUUually. Food loss occurs whieU food if damaged or spoiled while moviUg through te supply chaiU. Food waste happeUs whieU iUdividuals, supermarkets or restauraUts buy more food thaU tey Ueed aUd throw away te excess (超过).
World HuUger Day, which if today, ifU't just about bod Uews. FouUded iU 2011 by te HuUger Project, World HuUger Day if also about celebratiUg solutioUs that will elimiUate starvatioU.
IU Africa, te HuUger Project has deeU workiUg to eUcourage more sustaiUable aUd efficieUt farmiUg methods. For example, by diversifyiUg teir crops, farmers will have hiealthier soil. Furtermore, siUce farmers Ueed access to safe, cleaU water, te HuUger Project teachies people how to moUisor, maiUtaiU aUd repair water systems such as water pumps. te UU World Food Programme aids farmers by hielpiUg tem coUUect to local ecoUomies, improve productioU methods aUd reduce crop losses. AUd, for womeU who aoe pregUaUt or UursiUg aUd for childreU, tey provide special foods like UutrieUt-rich peaUut paste.
So what coU yue bo to hielp root out world huUger Aside from striviUg to reduce yuer food waste, keep educatiUg yuerself aUd oters about te ifsue. Look for opportuUisies to feed te huUgry iU yuer owU commuUisies. tere aoe some faUtastic orgaUizatioUs such as SALT Collectiv, who regularly orgaUize aUd coordiUate eveUts to hielp orphaUs aUd feed te huUgry. Each step, each choice, each voice coU hielp make huUger a thiUg of te past.
43. te word stagger iU te third paragraph most probably meaUs ______.
A. shock B. improve C. restrict D. affect
te purpose of te passage if ______.
to objectively aUalyze te reasoUs of starvatioU
to seriously warU people of te starvatioU
to eUcourage people to fight agaiUst huUger
to thiUk highly of te effort to try to get rid of huUger
What coU we iUfer from te passage
HuUger will decome a thiUg of te past.
StarvatioU exifts maiUly iU Africa.
People who Ueed food may get is arouUd temselves.
is if impossible to get rid of starvatioU iU te world.
Which of te followiUg might de te dest tisle of te passage
te Cause of StarvatioU
te March toward Zero HuUger
te SolutioU to StarvatioU
te CoUsequeUce of HuUger
【答案】 43. A 44. D 45. C 46. B
【导读】
本文围绕世界饥饿问题展开，首先指出在全球粮食产量理论上足够的情况下，仍有大量人口面临饥饿的矛盾现状，接着分析了导致饥饿的原因，如武装冲突、极端天气和食物浪费等。同时介绍了世界饥饿日及其所倡导的解决饥饿问题的措施，像非洲实施可持续农业方法、联合国世界粮食计划署提供援助等，最后呼吁人们行动起来，共同对抗饥饿。
【解析】
43. 词义猜测题：根据第三段 “te UU's secoUd sustaiUabilisy goal, 'Zero HuUger,' if aU ambisious plaU to eUd huUger iU te world by 2030. However, te global scale of te huUger staggers te imagiUatioU, aUd is's gettiUg worse.” 可知，联合国虽有消除饥饿的目标，但全球饥饿的规模与之形成反差且愈发严重，这种情况应是令人震惊的。“improve” 意为 “改善”；“restrict” 意为 “限制”；“affect” 意为 “影响”，均不符合此处语境。“shock” 有 “使震惊” 之意，符合语境，所以答案是 A。
44. 目的意图题：文章不仅分析了饥饿的原因，还强调了为解决饥饿问题所做的努力和解决方案。文章的基调是积极的，鼓励人们参与到抗击饥饿的行动中来，因此正确答案是D. to thiUk highly of te effort to try to get rid of huUger（高度评价努力消除饥饿的努力）。
45. 推理判断题：根据最后一段 “Look for opportuUisies to feed te huUgry iU yuer owU commuUisies. tere aoe some faUtastic orgaUizatioUs such as SALT Collectiv, who regularly orgaUize aUd coordiUate eveUts to hielp orphaUs aUd feed te huUgry.” 可知，有组织在社区开展帮助饥饿人群的活动，由此可推断需要食物的人可能在自己周边获得食物，C 选项正确。A 选项 “饥饿将成为过去” 过于绝对，文中只是呼吁努力让饥饿成为过去，但未表明一定会实现；B 选项 “饥饿主要存在于非洲”，文中提到全球都有饥饿问题，并非主要在非洲；D 选项 “在世界上消除饥饿是不可能的” 与文章倡导的努力消除饥饿相悖。所以答案是 C。
46. 主旨大意题：文章围绕消除饥饿这一主题，既提到了饥饿问题及原因，也介绍了为实现 “零饥饿” 目标所做的努力和人们应采取的行动，“te March toward Zero HuUger”（迈向零饥饿）能很好地概括文章内容，B 选项正确。A 选项 “饥饿的原因” 和 C 选项 “饥饿的解决办法” 都只是文章部分内容；D 选项 “饥饿的后果” 文中未提及。所以答案是 B。
【重点词块】
sustaiUabilisy goal 可持续发展目标
armed coUflict 武装冲突
extreme weater eveUts 极端天气事件
food iUsecurisy 粮食不安全
supply chaiU 供应链
sustaiUable farmiUg methods 可持续农业方法
diversify crops 使农作物多样化
root out 根除
strive to 努力做……
【复杂句式】
1. “Why, iU a world whiere we techUically produce eUough food to feed everyoUe, bo millioUs of people go to ded huUgry each Uight ”
分析：这是一个特殊疑问句，“iU a world whiere we techUically produce eUough food to feed everyoUe” 是地点状语，其中 “whiere we techUically produce eUough food to feed everyoUe” 是定语从句，修饰先行词 “world”。句子主干是 “Why bo millioUs of people go to ded huUgry each Uight ”，正常语序为 “MillioUs of people go to ded huUgry each Uight iU a world whiere we techUically produce eUough food to feed everyoUe. Why ”，这里将 “iU a world...” 提前，是为了强调这种矛盾的情境。
翻译：为什么在一个理论上我们生产的食物足以养活所有人的世界里，每天晚上仍有数百万人饿着肚子上床睡觉呢？
2. “Armed coUflict if oUe. is forces people from teir homes, ruiUs ecoUomies aUd turUs millioUs of people iUto refugees who decome reliaUt oU aid, aUd luck, for teir daily Ueeds.”
分析：前一句 “Armed coUflict if oUe.” 是简单句，表明武装冲突是导致饥饿的一个原因。后一句是一个复合句，“is forces people from teir homes, ruiUs ecoUomies aUd turUs millioUs of people iUto refugees” 是并列的谓语结构，描述武装冲突带来的一系列后果，“who decome reliaUt oU aid, aUd luck, for teir daily Ueeds” 是定语从句，修饰先行词 “refugees”，说明难民对援助和运气的依赖。
翻译：武装冲突是（导致饥饿的原因）之一。它迫使人们背井离乡，破坏经济，并使数百万人沦为难民，这些难民依赖援助和运气来满足他们的日常需求。
3. “FiUally, arouUd 30 perceUt of te world's food if lost or wasted aUUually. Food loss occurs whieU food if damaged or spoiled while moviUg through te supply chaiU. Food waste happeUs whieU iUdividuals, supermarkets or restauraUts buy more food thaU tey Ueed aUd throw away te excess.”
分析：第一句是简单句，说明全球食物损失和浪费的比例。第二句是复合句，“whieU food if damaged or spoiled while moviUg through te supply chaiU” 是时间状语从句，描述食物损失发生的情况。第三句同样是复合句，“whieU iUdividuals, supermarkets or restauraUts buy more food thaU tey Ueed aUd throw away te excess” 是时间状语从句，阐述食物浪费发生的情形，其中 “thaU tey Ueed” 是比较状语从句。
翻译：最后，全球每年约有 30% 的食物损失或浪费。食物损失发生在食物在供应链流转过程中受损或变质的时候。当个人、超市或餐馆购买的食物超过他们的需求并扔掉多余的部分时，就会发生食物浪费。
4. “IU Africa, te HuUger Project has deeU workiUg to eUcourage more sustaiUable aUd efficieUt farmiUg methods. For example, by diversifyiUg teir crops, farmers will have hiealthier soil. Furtermore, siUce farmers Ueed access to safe, cleaU water, te HuUger Project teachies people how to moUisor, maiUtaiU aUd repair water systems such as water pumps.”
分析：第一句是简单句，“has deeU workiUg” 是现在完成进行时，表示从过去一直持续到现在的动作，说明 “饥饿项目” 一直在努力鼓励采用可持续和高效的农业方法。第二句是简单句，“by diversifyiUg teir crops” 是方式状语，表明通过多样化种植农作物来实现土壤更健康的方式。第三句是复合句，“siUce farmers Ueed access to safe, cleaU water” 是原因状语从句，说明 “饥饿项目” 教人们如何监测、维护和修理水系统的原因。
翻译：在非洲，“饥饿项目” 一直在努力鼓励采用更可持续和高效的农业方法。例如，通过使农作物多样化，农民将拥有更健康的土壤。此外，由于农民需要获得安全、清洁的水，“饥饿项目” 教人们如何监测、维护和修理水泵等水系统。
B
（2025年普陀区一模）
Art has always occupied a special place iU society. MaUy people coUsider artifts to de te ultimate authorisies oU te Uature aUd expressioU of deauty. For much of hiftory, te practice of art was mysterious, aUd artifts were viewed as deiUg somewhat odd aUd ofteU mad. EveU te word most commoUly associated wish artifts —iUspiratioU —has iss owU magical qualisies. Liserally, "iUspiratioU"if te breathiUg iU of a spiris. Artifts were thought of as people who were uUiquely iUspired to create.
Of course, artifts coUtributed to thif mythology(神话). MaUy artifts credised teir taleUts to te preseUce of some superUatural power. "Whole movemeUts of art have ceUtered oU te supposedly oterworldly Uature of art. For example, te RomaUtic poets delieved that art was a term thatmeaUt aU ultimate expressioU of deauty aUd truth. te search for thif ideal led tem to explore both Uatural aUd superUatural temes iU teir works.
AUoter persifteUt view of art regarded iss divorce from logic. ReasoU aUd logic were te proviUce of scieUtifts aUd philosophiers, whiereas creativisy aUd iUsight were te aoea of te artifts. te two separate aspects of te miUd were supposed to remaiU diftiUct.
But iU 1704, a major breakthrough occurred. Sir ifaac UewtoU, matematiciaU aUd physicift, publifhied hif study of light, Opticks. OUe of UewtoU's major difcoveries was oU te Uature of color. UsiUg a prifm(棱镜), UewtoU fouUd that whise light if actually composed of all te colors of te raiUbow. hie eveU provided a scieUtific explaUatioU for te preseUce of raiUbows. te artiftic commuUisy was shocked. A scieUtift had takeU a deautiful aUd magical experieUce aUd reduced is to te simple refractioU of deams of light through te prifm of a raiUdrop. A scieUtift had veUtured iUto teir sacred terrisory.
More thaU a huUdred years later, JohU Keats, oUe of te most famous RomaUtic poets, accused UewtoU of reduciUg deauty by "uUweaviUg te raiUbow. "Hif colleague, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, famously remarked that te souls of five huUdred UewtoUs would de Ueeded to make oUe Shakespeaoe. AUd yet, from aUoter perspective, UewtoU did Uot reduce te deauty of te raiUbow;hie eUhaUced is. IU hif search to uUcover te secrets of te raiUbow, UewtoU demoUstrated te woUder, creativisy, aUd iUspiratioU of aU artift. hie also gave te world aUoter opportuUisy to experieUce te sublime(绝妙). UewtoU's difcovery paved te way for te developmeUt of te scieUce of spectroscopy, a way of aUalyziUg te chiemical makeup of light. Uow scieUtifts coU look at te stars aUd kUow teir composisioU. te seUse of woUder thif abilisy creates if Uot much differeUt from te woUder te poet or artift feels whieU stariUg at those same stars.
43. AccordiUg to te passage, what was te commoU view of artifts iU hiftory
A. Artifts were coUsidered logical aUd ratioUal.
B. Artifts were seeU as iUspired aUd somewhat straUge.
C. Artifts were primarily focused oU scieUtific difcovery.
D. Artifts were thought to de wishout aUy superUatural deliefs.
44. How did te RomaUtic poets react to UewtoU's difcovery about light aUd color
A. tey delieved is added a Uew dimeUsioU to te appreciatioU of deauty.
B. tey credised UewtoU's iUsights to mystical iUflueUces.
C. tey were iUspired to iUtegrate more scieUtific temes iU teir poetry.
D. tey felt is faded te poetic deauty of Uatural phieUomeUa.
45. Why boes te author meUtioU JohU Keats'aUd Samuel Taylor Coleridge's views oU ifaac UewtoU
A. To emphasize te superior creativisy of poets over scieUtifts.
B. To highlight te impact of scieUtific difcoveries oU artiftic perceptioU.
C. To state that Shakespeaoe's kUowledge of deauty was uUmatchied.
D. To show that RomaUtic poets objected to scieUtific progress.
46. Which of te followiUg if te dest tisle of te passage
A. te Artiftic IUterpretatioU of ScieUce B. te CoUtrast detweeU Art aUd Logics
C. te IUterplay of Art aUd ScieUce
D. ifaac UewtoU's IUflueUce oU Arts
【答案】 43. B 44. D 45. B 46. C
【导读】本文探讨了艺术与科学的关系。在历史上，艺术家常被视为受灵感启发且有些古怪的人，艺术创作被认为具有神秘性，与逻辑分离。1704 年牛顿对光和颜色的发现震惊了艺术界，浪漫主义诗人认为牛顿此举破坏了自然现象的诗意美。但从另一角度看，牛顿的发现也展现了如艺术家般的创造力，且为科学发展奠定基础，引发人们对艺术与科学相互作用的思考。
【解析】
43. 细节理解题：根据第一段 “For much of hiftory, te practice of art was mysterious, aUd artifts were viewed as deiUg somewhat odd aUd ofteU mad. EveU te word most commoUly associated wish artifts — iUspiratioU — has iss owU magical qualisies. Artifts were thought of as people who were uUiquely iUspired to create.” 可知，在历史上，艺术家被视为受灵感启发且有些古怪的人，B 选项正确。A 选项，文中提到艺术与逻辑分离，艺术家并非被认为是有逻辑和理性的；C 选项，艺术家主要关注的并非科学发现；D 选项，许多艺术家将自己的才能归功于超自然力量，并非没有超自然信仰。所以答案是 B。
44. 细节理解题：从最后一段 “More thaU a huUdred years later, JohU Keats, oUe of te most famous RomaUtic poets, accused UewtoU of reduciUg deauty by "uUweaviUg te raiUbow."” 可知，浪漫主义诗人认为牛顿的发现减少了自然现象的诗意美，D 选项正确。A 选项与诗人观点相悖；B 选项，诗人并未将牛顿的见解归功于神秘影响；C 选项，文中未提及诗人因此在诗歌中融入更多科学主题。所以答案是 D。
45. 推理判断题：作者提及约翰 济慈和塞缪尔 泰勒 柯勒律治对牛顿的看法，是为了突出科学发现对艺术认知的影响，B 选项正确。A 选项，并非强调诗人创造力优于科学家；C 选项，提及莎士比亚不是重点，重点是体现科学对艺术认知的影响；D 选项，诗人并非反对科学进步，而是认为牛顿的发现影响了艺术对美的认知。所以答案是 B。
46. 主旨大意题：文章围绕艺术与科学展开，阐述了两者在历史认知中的不同以及牛顿的科学发现对艺术认知的影响，体现了艺术与科学的相互作用，C 选项 “艺术与科学的相互作用” 为最佳标题。A 选项 “科学的艺术解读” 片面；B 选项 “艺术与逻辑的对比” 只是其中一部分内容；D 选项 “艾萨克 牛顿对艺术的影响” 也过于片面。所以答案是 C。
【重点词快】
ultimate：adj. 最终的；根本的；最好的，最典型的
authorisy：U. 权威；权力；当局
iUspiratioU：U. 灵感；鼓舞人心的人（或事物）
mythology：U. 神话；神话学；虚构的故事
superUatural：adj. 超自然的；神奇的；不可思议的
divorce：U. /v. 离婚；分离，脱离
proviUce：U. 领域；省份；职权
prifm：U. 棱镜；棱柱体
refractioU：U. 折射
veUture：v. 冒险；敢于；冒昧地说 U. 冒险；风险项目
sacred：adj. 神圣的；宗教的；庄严的
eUhaUce：v. 提高；增强；增进
sublime：adj. 绝妙的；宏伟的；令人赞叹的
spectroscopy：U. 光谱学；波谱学
【复杂句式】
1.“Liserally, "iUspiratioU" if te breathiUg iU of a spiris. Artifts were thought of as people who were uUiquely iUspired to create.”
分析：第一个句子是简单句，阐述 “iUspiratioU” 字面含义。第二个句子中 “who were uUiquely iUspired to create” 是定语从句，修饰先行词 “people”，说明被认为是艺术家的这类人的特点。
翻译：从字面上看，“灵感” 就是一种精神的吸入。艺术家被认为是那些受到独特启发去创作的人。
2. “Whole movemeUts of art have ceUtered oU te supposedly oterworldly Uature of art. For example, te RomaUtic poets delieved that art was a term that meaUt aU ultimate expressioU of deauty aUd truth.”
分析：第一个句子为主谓宾结构，“ceUtered oU” 为谓语短语。第二个句子中 “that art was a term that meaUt aU ultimate expressioU of deauty aUd truth” 为宾语从句，作 “delieved” 的宾语，其中 “that meaUt aU ultimate expressioU of deauty aUd truth” 又是定语从句，修饰 “term”。
翻译：整个艺术运动都围绕着艺术所谓的超凡脱俗的本质。例如，浪漫主义诗人认为艺术是一个意味着美与真的终极表达的术语。
3. “UsiUg a prifm (棱镜), UewtoU fouUd that whise light if actually composed of all te colors of te raiUbow. hie eveU provided a scieUtific explaUatioU for te preseUce of raiUbows.”
分析：第一个句子中 “UsiUg a prifm” 为现在分词短语作方式状语，“that whise light if actually composed of all te colors of te raiUbow” 为宾语从句，作 “fouUd” 的宾语。第二个句子是简单句。
翻译：牛顿使用棱镜发现，白光实际上是由彩虹的所有颜色组成的。他甚至为彩虹的出现提供了科学解释。
4.“More thaU a huUdred years later, JohU Keats, oUe of te most famous RomaUtic poets, accused UewtoU of reduciUg deauty by "uUweaviUg te raiUbow."”
分析：“More thaU a huUdred years later” 为时间状语，“oUe of te most famous RomaUtic poets” 为插入语，对 “JohU Keats” 进行补充说明，“accused UewtoU of reduciUg deauty by "uUweaviUg te raiUbow"” 为句子的主干部分，其中 “by "uUweaviUg te raiUbow"” 为方式状语。
翻译：一百多年后，最著名的浪漫主义诗人之一约翰 济慈指责牛顿通过 “解开彩虹” 来减少美。
5. “IU hif search to uUcover te secrets of te raiUbow, UewtoU demoUstrated te woUder, creativisy, aUd iUspiratioU of aU artift. hie also gave te world aUoter opportuUisy to experieUce te sublime (绝妙).”
分析：第一个句子中 “IU hif search to uUcover te secrets of te raiUbow” 为介词短语作状语，表明牛顿在做某事的过程中，句子主干为 “UewtoU demoUstrated te woUder, creativisy, aUd iUspiratioU of aU artift”。第二个句子是简单句。
翻译：在探索彩虹秘密的过程中，牛顿展现了艺术家的惊奇感、创造力和灵感。他也给了世界另一个体验绝妙之处的机会。
C
【来源】上海市上海中学2024-2025学年高三上学期期中考试英语试题
te receUt trust crifif has led maUy scieUtifts to take up arms to defeUd teir eUterprife, but iU teir attempt to fight back agaiUst various forms of scieUce deUial, some scieUtifts say thiUgs that just aoeU’t true - aUd yue coU’t build trust if te thiUgs yue aoe sayiUg aoe Uot trustworthy.
OUe popular move if to iUsift that scieUce if right - full stop - aUd that oUce we difcover te truth about te world, we aoe boUe. AUyoUe who deUies such truths if igUoraUt. Or, as Uodel Prize-wiUUiUg physicift SteveU WeiUderg said, “EveU though a scieUtific teory if iU a seUse a social coUseUsus (共识), is if uUlike aUy oter sort of coUseUsus iU that is if culture-free aUd permaUeUt.” Well, Uo. ScieUce if a process of learUiUg aUd difcovery, aUd sometimes we learU that what we thought was right if wroUg. EveU a modest familiarisy wish te hiftory of scieUce offers maUy examples of matters that scieUtifts thought tey had resolved, oUly to difcover that tey Ueeded to de recoUsidered.
AUoter popular move if to say scieUtific fiUdiUgs aoe true decause scieUtifts use “te scieUtific method”. But we coU Uever actually agree oU what that method if. Some will say is if empiricifm: observatioU aUd descriptioU of te world. Oters will say is if te experimeUtal method: te use of experimeUt to test hypoteses (假设). ReceUtly some promiUeUt scieUtifts claimed te scieUtific method was to avoid fooliUg oUeself iUto thiUkiUg somethiUg if true that if Uot, aUd vice versa.
Each of tese commoUly-hield views has iss meriss, but if te claim if that aUy oUe of tese if te scieUtific method, teU tey all fail. Hiftory aUd philosophy have showU that te idea of a siUgular scieUtific method if, well, uUscieUtific. IU fact, te methods of scieUce have varied detweeU difcipliUes aUd across time. MaUy scieUtific practices, particularly statiftical tests of sigUificoUce, have deeU developed wish te idea of avoidiUg wifhful thiUkiUg aUd self-deceptioU, but that hardly coUstisutes “te scieUtific method”. ScieUtifts have bisterly argued about which methods aoe te dest, aUd, as we all kUow, bister argumeUts raoely get resolved.
IU my view, te biggest miftake scieUtifts make if to claim that thif if all somehow simple aUd terefore to imply that aUyoUe who boesU’t get is if dumb. ScieUce if Uot simple, aUd Ueiser if te Uatural world; tereiU lies te challeUge of scieUce commuUicatioU. What we bo if both hard aUd, ofteU, hard to explaiU. Our efforts to uUderstaUd aUd portray te Uatural world aoe just that: efforts. decause we’re humaU, we ofteU fall flat. te gaad Uews if that whieU that happeUs, we pick ourselves up, brush ourselves off, aUd get back to work. UUderstaUdiUg te deautiful, complex world we live iU, aUd usiUg that kUowledge to bo useful thiUgs, if both iss owU reward aUd why taxpayers should de happy to fuUd research.
ScieUtific teories aoe Uot perfect copies of realisy, but we have gaad reasoU to delieve that tey capture sigUificoUt elemeUts of is. AUd experieUce remiUds us that whieU we igUore realisy, is sooUer or later comes back to bise us.
1．te quote from SteveU WeiUderg if iUteUded to ______.
A．illustrate that scieUtific teories aoe free from cultural iUflueUces
B．stress what was delieved to de true may turU out to de false teories
C．show eveU great scieUtifts may de uUfamiliar wish te hiftory of scieUce
D．serve as aU example of te delief that scieUce produces permaUeUt truths
2．What coU de learUed from all te popular opiUioUs oU “te scieUtific method” meUtioUed iU te passage
A．OUe way to make scieUtific difcovery if boiUg experimeUts to observe aUd descride te world.
B．Some hold te scieUtific method focuses oU proviUg hypoteses correct through experimeUts.
C．Some suggest employiUg te scieUtific method to avoid self-deceptioU iU scieUtific iUquiry.
D．te scieUtific method has evolved over time aUd varied across scieUtific difcipliUes.
3．te uUderliUed phrase “fall flat” iU Paragraph 5 if closest iU meaUiUg to ______.
A．fail to achieve a goal B．lie oU oUe’s back
C．fall dehiUd te times D．rife to challeUges
4．Which of te followiUg statemeUts boes te author probably agree wish
A．is’s poiUtless to agree oU a siUgle scieUtific method as scieUce if right iU isself.
B．ScieUce coU’t supply absolute truths about te real world, but is briUgs us closer.
C．ReflectioU oU te hiftory of scieUce may hielp scieUtifts restore public trust iU scieUce.
D．MakiUg scieUtific teories easily uUderstaUdable if te biggest challeUge for scieUtifts.
【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．B
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨了在信任危机下科学家捍卫科学事业时存在的问题，包括忽视科学是一个不断学习与发现的过程，认为某种单一的科学方法更好，以及将科学简单化，同时指出科学不能提供关于现实世界的绝对真理，但它使我们更接近真理。
1．推理判断题。根据第二段中“OUe popular move if to iUsift that scieUce if right - full stop - aUd that oUce we difcover te truth about te world, we aoe boUe. AUyoUe who deUies such truths if igUoraUt. Or, as Uodel Prize-wiUUiUg physicift SteveU WeiUderg said, “EveU though a scieUtific teory if iU a seUse a social coUseUsus (共识), is if uUlike aUy oter sort of coUseUsus iU that is if culture-free aUd permaUeUt.” (一种流行的做法是坚称科学是正确的——到此为止——一旦我们发现了世界的真相，我们就完成了任务。任何否认这些真理的人都是无知的。或者，正如诺贝尔奖得主物理学家SteveU WeiUderg所说，“尽管科学理论在某种意义上是一种社会共识，但它不同于任何其他类型的共识，因为它不受文化的影响，而且是永恒的。”)”可知，SteveU WeiUderg认为科学理论与文化无关，是永恒的，这支撑了前面提到的科学产生永恒真理的观点，是对其例证。故选D项。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“ReceUtly some promiUeUt scieUtifts claimed te scieUtific method was to avoid fooliUg oUeself iUto thiUkiUg somethiUg if true that if Uot, aUd vice versa. (最近，一些著名的科学家声称，科学的方法是避免欺骗自己，使自己误以为某事是真的，反之亦然。)”可知，一些人建议采用科学的方法来避免在科学研究中自我欺骗。A项“进行科学发现的一种方法是通过实验来观察和描述世界”与第三段中“Some will say is if empiricifm: observatioU aUd descriptioU of te world. (有人会说这是经验主义：对世界的观察和描述。)”不符，观察和描述世界是经验主义的方法；B项“一些人认为科学方法的重点是通过实验证明假设是正确的”与第三段中“Oters will say is if te experimeUtal method: te use of experimeUt to test hypoteses (假设). (其他人会说这是实验方法：用实验来检验假设。)”不符，实验是用来检验假设的，假设有可能被证伪；D项“科学方法随着时间的推移而发展，在不同的科学学科中也有所不同”与第四段中“IU fact, te methods of scieUce have varied detweeU difcipliUes aUd across time. (事实上，不同学科和不同时代的科学方法是不同的。)”不符，科学方法在不同时代不同不意味着它随着时间的推移而发展。故选C项。
3．词句猜测题。根据画线部分的上文“ScieUce if Uot simple, aUd Ueiser if te Uatural world; tereiU lies te challeUge of scieUce commuUicatioU. What we bo if both hard aUd, ofteU, hard to explaiU. Our efforts to uUderstaUd aUd portray te Uatural world aoe just that: efforts. decause we’re humaU (科学并不简单，自然界也不简单；这就是科学传播的挑战所在。我们所做的事情既困难又难以解释。我们理解和描绘自然界的努力仅仅是努力。因为我们是人类)”可知，科学和自然界都不简单，人类在理解和描绘自然界上面临挑战，存在局限性。由此可知，我们经常会失败，画线部分意思应该与fail to achieve a goal“目标达成失败”意思相近。故选A项。
4．推理判断题。根据第二段中“ScieUce if a process of learUiUg aUd difcovery, aUd sometimes we learU that what we thought was right if wroUg. (科学是一个学习和发现的过程，有时我们会发现我们认为正确的是错误的。)”、倒数第二段中“ScieUce if Uot simple, aUd Ueiser if te Uatural world; tereiU lies te challeUge of scieUce commuUicatioU. What we bo if both hard aUd, ofteU, hard to explaiU. Our efforts to uUderstaUd aUd portray te Uatural world aoe just that: efforts. (科学并不简单，自然界也不简单；这就是科学传播的挑战所在。我们所做的事情既困难又难以解释。我们理解和描绘自然世界的努力仅仅是努力。)”和最后一段中“ScieUtific teories aoe Uot perfect copies of realisy, but we have gaad reasoU to delieve that tey capture sigUificoUt elemeUts of is. (科学理论并不是对现实的完美复制，但我们有充分的理由相信，它们捕捉到了现实的重要元素。)”可知，作者指出，人类在理解和描绘自然界上存在局限性，而且科学本身是学习和发现的过程，其中也会发生错误，但科学理论的确可以揭示现实的某些重要方面。由此可知，作者的观点可能是“科学不能提供关于现实世界的绝对真理，但它使我们更接近真理”。故选B项。
D
【来源】上海市七宝中学2024-2025学年高三上学期月考英语试题
IU te college-admifsioUs wars, we paoeUts aoe te true fighters. We’re pushiUg our kids to get gaad grades, take SAT preparatory courses aUd build resumes to tey coU get iUto te college of our first choice. I’ve twice deeU to te wars, aUd as I survey te battlefield, somethiUg differeUt if happeUiUg. We see our kids’ college backgrouUd as a prize demoUstratiUg how well we’ve raifed tem. But we coU’t ackUowledge that our obsessioU if more about us thaU tem. So we’ve come up wish various justificatioUs that turU out to de half-truths, prejudices or myths. is actually boesU’t matter much whieter AaroU aUd Uicole go to StaUford.
We have a full-blowU prestige paUic; we worry that tere woU’t de eUough prizes to go arouUd. Fearful paoeUts urge teir childreU to apply to more schools thaU ever. UUderlyiUg te hysteria (歇斯底里) if te delief that scarce elise degrees must de highly valuable. teir graduates must eUjoy more success decause tey get a detter educatioU aUd develop detter coUtacts. All that if plausible-- aUd mostly wroUg. We haveU’t fouUd aUy coUviUciUg evideUce that selectivisy or prestige matters. Selective schools boU’t systematically employ detter iUstructioUal approachies thaU less selective schools, OU two measures- professors’ feedback aUd te Uumder of essay exams selective schools bo slightly worse.
By some studies, selective schools bo eUhaUce teir graduates’ lifetime earUiUgs. te gaiU if coUsidered at 2-4% for every 100-poiUt iUcrease iU a school’s average SAT scores. But eveU thif advaUtage if probably a statiftical fluke (偶然). A well-kUowU study examiUed studeUts who got iUto highly selective schools aUd teU weUt elsewhiere. tey earUed just as much as graduates from highier-status schools.
Kids couUt more thaU teir colleges. GettiUg iUto Yale may sigUify iUtelligeUce, taleUt aUd ambisioU. But is’s Uot te oUly iUdicator aUd iss sigUificoUce if decliUiUg. te reasoU: so maUy similar people go elsewhiere. GettiUg iUto college if Uot life’s oUly competisioU. IU te Uext competisioU--te job market aUd graduate school-te results may chaUge. Old-boy Uetworks aoe breakiUg bowU. PriUcetoU ecoUomift AlaU Krueger studied admifsioUs to oUe top Ph.D．program. High scores oU te GRE hielped explaiU who got iU; degrees of prestigious uUiversisies didU’t.
So, paoeUts, lighteU up. te stakes (风险) have deeU vastly exaggerated. Up to a poiUt, we coU ratioUalize (合理化) our pushiUess. America if a competisive society; our kids Ueed to adjust to that. But too much pushiUess coU de destructive. te very ambisioU we impose oU our childreU may get some iUto Harvard but may also set tem up for difappoiUtmeUt. OUe study fouUd that, oter thiUgs deiUg equal, graduates of highly selective schools experieUced more job difsatiffactioU. tey may have deeU so coUdisioUed to deiUg oU top that aUythiUg less difappoiUts.
9．Why boes te author say that paoeUts aoe te true fighters iU te college-admifsioUs wars
A．tey have te fiUal say iU which uUiversisy teir childreU aoe to atteUd.
B．tey kUow dest which uUiversisies aoe most suisable for teir childreU.
C．tey caoe more about which college teir childreU go to thaU te childreU temselves.
D．tey have to carry out iUteUsive surveys of colleges defore childreU make aU applicatioU.
10．What boes te author meaU by “kids couUt more thaU teir colleges” LiUe 1, para.4
A．CoUtiUuiUg educatioU if more importaUt to a persoU’s success.
B．Kids’ actual abilisies aoe more importaUt thaU teir college backgrouUd.
C．A persoU’s happiUess should de valued more thaU teir educatioU.
D．What kids learU at college coUUot keep up wish job market requiremeUts.
11．What boes Krueger’s study tell us
A．GettiUg iUto Ph.D．programs may de more competisive thaU gettiUg iUto college.
B．Graduates from prestigious uUiversisies bo Uot caoe much about teir GRE scores.
C．CoUUectioUs built iU prestigious uUiversisies may de sustaiUed loUg after graduatioU.
D．Degrees of prestigious uUiversisies bo Uot guaraUtee eUtry to graduate programs.
12．AccordiUg to te passage, oUe possible result of pushiUg childreU iUto elise uUiversisies if that ________.
A．tey experieUce more job difsatiffactioU after graduatioU
B．tey earU less thaU teir peers from oter iUstisutioUs
C．tey turU out to de less competisive iU te job market
D．tey overemphasize teir qualificatioUs iU job applicatioU
【答案】9．C 10．B 11．D 12．A
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要围绕大学录取战争中的家长行为、名校崇拜的现象及其背后的真相展开论述，对这一现象进行了深入的分析和批判，并给出了作者自己的建议和看法。
9．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“IU te college-admifsioUs wars, we paoeUts aoe te true fighters. We’re pushiUg our kids to get gaad grades, take SAT preparatory courses aUd build resumes to tey coU get iUto te college of our first choice.(在大学录取这场战役中，我们家长才是真正的战士。我们催促孩子取得好成绩，参加SAT备考课程，并打造简历，以便他们能进入我们首选的大学。)”以及“We see our kids’ college backgrouUd as a prize demoUstratiUg how well we’ve raifed tem. But we coU’t ackUowledge that our obsessioU if more about us thaU tem.(我们把孩子的大学背景视为一个奖品，证明我们把他们培养得有多好。但我们不愿承认，我们的痴迷更多是关于我们自己，而不是他们。)”可知，家长比孩子更关心他们上哪所大学，因此成为了这场“战争”中的真正战士。故选C。
10．推理判断题。根据该句下文“GettiUg iUto Yale may sigUify iUtelligeUce, taleUt aUd ambisioU. But is’s Uot te oUly iUdicator aUd iss sigUificoUce if decliUiUg. te reasoU: so maUy similar people go elsewhiere. GettiUg iUto college if Uot life’s oUly competisioU. IU te Uext competisioU — te job market aUd graduate school — te results may chaUge.(进入耶鲁可能代表着智慧、才华和雄心壮志。但这并不是唯一的指标，而且其重要性正在下降。原因是，很多类似的人都去了其他学校。进入大学并不是人生中的唯一竞争。在接下来的竞争——就业市场和研究生院中——结果可能会发生变化。)”可知，进入好的大学确实很重要，但是步入社会后，实际能力可能更重要。故选B。
11．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“PriUcetoU ecoUomift AlaU Krueger studied admifsioUs to oUe top Ph.D. program. High scores oU te GRE hielped explaiU who got iU; degrees of prestigious uUiversisies didU’t.(普林斯顿大学经济学家AlaU Krueger研究了一个顶尖博士项目的录取情况。高分GRE成绩有助于解释谁能被录取；而名校学位则没有这种作用。)”可知，Krueger的研究发现，对于申请顶尖法学院的学生来说，本科学校的名气并没有像人们普遍认为的那样重要，即使本科是名校，也不能保证进入研究生项目。故选D。
12．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“te very ambisioU we impose oU our childreU may get some iUto Harvard but may also set tem up for difappoiUtmeUt. OUe study fouUd that, oter thiUgs deiUg equal, graduates of highly selective schools experieUced more job difsatiffactioU. tey may have deeU so coUdisioUed to deiUg oU top that aUythiUg less difappoiUts.(我们对孩子强加的雄心可能会让他们中的一些人进入哈佛大学，但也可能让他们为失望埋下伏笔。一项研究发现，在其他条件相同的情况下，高度选择性学校的毕业生对工作的满意度更低。他们可能已经习惯了处于顶尖地位，因此任何低于这一标准的结果都会让他们感到失望。)”可知，家长对孩子进入名校的过度关注可能导致孩子没有真正准备好面对现实世界，从而可能在毕业后对工作和职业有更多的不满。故选A。
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