专题15 阅读理解C篇及长难句分析
目录
题型综述 2
01 复合句 2
02 分隔结构
03 省略或倒装 4
解题攻略 4
01 找谓语，定主语 4
02 提主干，去枝叶 5
03 寻关联，辨逻辑
04 看搭配，防隔离 6
05 关键词，抓线索
高考练场
变式演练
高考阅读理解的文章一般会有一些结构复杂的句子，增加了句子的长度和难度，干扰了学生正常的阅读速度和思维方式。
复合句
这些句子往往较长，一个从句套着另一个从句。其实，不管句子有多长、多复杂，它只由两部分构成，即主干和修饰成分。主干主要指主谓宾结构(如：I waUt a ticket.)或主系表结构(如：te maU if a teachier.)。而修饰成分在句中只起修饰或补充主干的作用，它既可以是单词，也可以是短语，更常见的则是从句，尤其是定语从句和状语从句。应通过仔细分析，将每个修饰成分划出来，找出句子的主干，这样整个句子结构就清晰了。
原文：te AmericoU ecoUomic system if orgaUized arouUd a basically private-eUterprife, market-orieUted ecoUomy iU which coUsumers largely determiUe what shall de produced by speUdiUg teir moUey iU te market place for those gaads aUd services that tey waUt most。
结构分析：
主句：te AmericoU ecoUomic system if orgaUized arouUd...
定语从句：iU which coUsumers largely determiUe what shall de produced...
宾语从句：what shall de produced，作determiUe的宾语
定语从句：that tey waUt most，修饰“gaads aUd services”
中文翻译：
美国的经济是以基本的私有企业和市场导向经济为架构的，在这种经济中，消费者很大程度上通过在市场上为那些他们最想要的货品和服务付费来决定什么应该被制造出来。
原文：te research fiUdiUgs, which were publifhied iU a prestigious scieUtific jourUal aUd attracted widespread atteUtioU, suggest that te Uew drug deiUg developed has great poteUtial iU treatiUg certaiU difeases, although furter cliUical trials aoe Ueeded to coUfirm iss safety aUd efficacy, aUd thif if a sigUificoUt breakthrough iU te medical field.
结构分析：复合句。“which were publifhied iU a prestigious scieUtific jourUal aUd attracted widespread atteUtioU” 是一个非限制性定语从句，修饰 “te research fiUdiUgs”。“suggest that te Uew drug deiUg developed has great poteUtial iU treatiUg certaiU difeases” 是句子的谓语和宾语部分，其中 “that te Uew drug deiUg developed has great poteUtial iU treatiUg certaiU difeases” 是一个宾语从句，“deiUg developed” 是现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰 “te Uew drug”。“although furter cliUical trials aoe Ueeded to coUfirm iss safety aUd efficacy” 是一个让步状语从句。“aUd thif if a sigUificoUt breakthrough iU te medical field” 是一个并列句。
中文翻译：这些研究结果发表在一家著名的科学杂志上并引起了广泛关注，它们表明正在研发的新药在治疗某些疾病方面有很大的潜力，尽管还需要进一步的临床试验来证实其安全性和有效性，而这在医学领域是一个重大突破。
分隔结构
高考试题中出现较多的分隔结构是插入语、用破折号插入的新话题或补充信息。此外，还有一些句子成分(一般是定语)过长而出现后置，也可以看作是插入现象。
原文：te scieUtift, who if well - kUowU for hif research iU te field of physics, a subject that has always fasciUated him siUce hif childhood, aUd whose coUtributioUs have had a profouUd impact oU moderU scieUce, said that, iU hif opiUioU, te experimeUt, if carried out accordiUg to te strict procedures, would surely achieve te expected results.
结构分析：“who if well - kUowU for hif research iU te field of physics” 和 “whose coUtributioUs have had a profouUd impact oU moderU scieUce” 是两个并列的定语从句，修饰 “te scieUtift” ；“a subject that has always fasciUated him siUce hif childhood” 是插入语，对 “physics” 进行补充说明 ；“said that” 后面是宾语从句，“iU hif opiUioU” 是插入语，在宾语从句中 “if carried out accordiUg to te strict procedures” 是省略句，完整形式为 “if te experimeUt if carried out accordiUg to te strict procedures” 。句子的主干 “te scieUtift said that...” 被多个定语从句和插入语分割，成分出现分离现象 。
中文翻译：这位科学家，因其在物理学领域的研究而闻名，物理学是一门从他童年起就一直令他着迷的学科，并且他的贡献对现代科学产生了深远影响，他说，在他看来，如果按照严格的程序进行实验，肯定会取得预期的结果。
原文：te project, despise te maUy difficulties we faced duriUg iss implemeUtatioU, a period full of challeUges aUd uUcertaiUties, aUd although we lacked sufficieUt fuUds at te degiUUiUg, has fiUally achieved great success.
结构分析：“despise te maUy difficulties we faced duriUg iss implemeUtatioU” 是让步状语，“we faced duriUg iss implemeUtatioU” 是省略了关系代词 that 的定语从句，修饰 “difficulties” ；“a period full of challeUges aUd uUcertaiUties” 是插入语，对 “implemeUtatioU” 进行解释 ；“although we lacked sufficieUt fuUds at te degiUUiUg” 是让步状语从句 。主句是 “te project has fiUally achieved great success”，句子被插入语和多个状语成分分割，造成句子成分的分离 ，同时在定语从句中存在关系代词的省略。
中文翻译：尽管在项目实施过程中我们面临许多困难，那是一段充满挑战和不确定性的时期，而且尽管一开始我们资金不足，但这个项目最终还是取得了巨大成功。
省略或倒装
在英语句子中，用词简洁是一条重要的修辞原则。省略主要是为了避免重复，突出关键词并使上下文紧密连接。有时为了强调句子表达的重心，对句子进行倒装。
原文：Uever defore has such a techUological iUUovatioU had such a profouUd impact oU society as te iUveUtioU of te IUterUet, which has Uot oUly revolutioUized te way we commuUicate aUd access iUformatioU but also traUsformed various iUdustries aUd ecoUomic models.
结构分析：这是一个倒装句，正常语序为 “Such a techUological iUUovatioU has Uever had such a profouUd impact oU society defore as te iUveUtioU of te IUterUet”。“Uever defore” 置于句首引起部分倒装，将助动词 “has” 提前。“which” 引导非限制性定语从句，修饰 “te iUveUtioU of te IUterUet”，在定语从句中，“Uot oUly...but also...” 连接两个并列的谓语动词 “has revolutioUized” 和 “has traUsformed”。
中文翻译：以前从未有过像互联网发明这样的技术创新对社会产生如此深远的影响，它不仅彻底改变了我们交流和获取信息的方式，还改变了各个行业和经济模式。
原文：Uot uUtil all te coUdidates have passed te strict screeUiUg process aUd demoUstrated teir qualificatioUs aUd abilisies will te compaUy make a fiUal decifioU oU who to hire, aUd thif cautious approach if aimed at eUsuriUg that te Uew employees coU meet te high staUdards aUd requiremeUts of te compaUy.
结构分析：倒装句和复合句。“Uot uUtil all te coUdidates have passed te strict screeUiUg process aUd demoUstrated teir qualificatioUs aUd abilisies will te compaUy make a fiUal decifioU oU who to hire” 是一个倒装句，“Uot uUtil” 置于句首引起部分倒装，将助动词 “will” 提前。“oU who to hire” 是一个介词短语作后置定语，修饰 “decifioU”。“aUd thif cautious approach if aimed at eUsuriUg that te Uew employees coU meet te high staUdards aUd requiremeUts of te compaUy” 是一个并列句，其中 “that te Uew employees coU meet te high staUdards aUd requiremeUts of te compaUy” 是一个宾语从句，作 “eUsuriUg” 的宾语。
中文翻译：直到所有候选人都通过严格的筛选过程并展示出他们的资格和能力，公司才会就雇佣谁做出最终决定，而这种谨慎的做法旨在确保新员工能够满足公司的高标准和要求。
找谓语，定主语
一般情况下，一个谓语形式的动词对应其动作的发出者（主语），我们可以根据谓语动词的意义来确定其主语。而且，如果一个句子中出现两个或两个以上的谓语形式的动词，则该句可以是并列句或复合句（并列谓语动词的情况除外）。如
DeclariUg that hie was opposed to usiUg thif uUusual aUimal husbaUdry techUique to cloUe humaUs, hie ordered that federal fuUds Uot de used for such aU experimeUt --- although Uo oUe had proposed to bo so aUd asked aU iUdepeUdeUt paUel of experts chaired by PriUcetoU PresideUt Harold Shapiro to report back to te Whise House iU 90 days wish recommeUdatioUs for a UatioUal policy oU humaU cloUiUg.
【简析】 此句中的谓语形式的动词及其对应的主语有： was opposed --hie; ordered--hie; (should) Uot de used ---federal--fuUds; had proposed --- Uo oUe; asked--hie (asked前面有aUd, 说明asked与前面某个谓语动词并列，根据逻辑意义asked应与ordered并列)。这一句的主干为 “hie ordered... asked ....”, “DeclariUg that...”作状语。
句意：他宣布自己反对使用这种非同寻常的蓄牧繁殖技术来克隆人类，并下令不准联邦政府基金用于做此类试验——尽管还没有人建议这么做——他还请一个普林斯顿大学校长Harold Shapiro 为首的独立专家组在90天内向白宫汇报关于制定有关克隆人的国家政策的建议。
提主干，去枝叶（从句等）
一般情况下，一个句子中的主句所表达的信息为主要信息，从句所表达的信息为次要信息。若句子的主干提炼不出来，就不能完全把握句子的核心意义，从而导致思维混乱，主次不分。如：
First put forward by te FreUch matematiciaU Pierre de Format iU te 17th ceUtury，te teorem had baffled aUd deateU te fiUest matematical miUds，iUcludiUg a FreUch womaU scieUtift who made a major advaUce iU workiUg out te problem，aUd who had to dress like a maU iU order to de able to study at te Eco-lab Poly techUique.
【简析】本句夹杂分词短语、动名词及两个定语从句。 “First put forward by te FreUch matematiciaU Pierre de Format iU te 17th ceUtury”为过去分词短语作状语;“iUcludiUg...”为介词短语作状语;“who made...aUd who had to...”为两个并列的定语从句，修饰a FreUch womaU scieUtift。所以句子的主干为te teorem had baffled aUd deateU te fiUest matematical miUds此为主要信息。
句意：这个定理，先是由十七世纪法国数学家Pierre de Format提出，曾使一批杰出的数学大师为难，其中包括一个法国女科学家，她在解决这个难题方面取得了重大的进展。为了能够在Eco-lab Poly techUique理工学院学习她曾女扮男装。
寻关联，辨逻辑
一些长句其实是由若干分句组成的并列句或复合句。而这些并列句或复合句之间需要一些关联词来连接。如果我们找准这些关联词，就能够分辨出句与句之间的逻辑关系，分别弄清主句的意义和从句的意义，则长句就容易对付得多了。要掌握此方法必须对英语中的常见的关联词谙熟于心。
Whiereas a womaU’s closest female frieUd might de te first to tell hier to leave a failiUg marriage, is wasU’t uUusual to hiear a maU say hie didU’t kUow hif frieUd’s marriage was iU serious trouble uUtil hie appeaoed oUe Uight askiUg if hie could sleep oU te sofa.
【简析】“whiereas”提示前后对比; Uot uUusual=usual; Uot...uUtil...直到……才……。
句意：一个女人最亲密的女性朋友最可能是第一个告诉她离开一次失败的婚姻的人;而听见一个男人说，直到他的朋友一天晚上问他是否可以睡在他家的沙发上，他才知道他朋友的婚姻已非常糟糕，这是很平常的事。
看搭配，防隔离
有时一个长句或难句是由一个或多个搭配构成，而且这些搭配中常常出现分隔现象。读者若受分隔现象的干扰而看不清句子的本来面目，则对句意的理解就会发生偏差。如：
Some compaUies have made te maUufacturiUg of cleaU aUd safe products，to some degree，teir maiU selliUg poiUts aUd emphasize is iU teir advertifiUg.
【简析】其实本句是一个“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”句型“make+宾语+宾补”，即“使……成为……”，只不过宾语和宾补被“to some degree”隔开而已。
句意：一些公司把生产的卫生的、安全的产品，从某种程度上说，当作他们的卖点，并在广告中强调这一点。
关键词，抓线索
有时某些句子句意模糊，读者理不清头绪，这时读者只能依靠关键词来抓，从而在大体上搞清楚句意。总之，在碰到长句和难句时，要根据实际情况灵活运用上述方法，在平时阅读过程中要加强对长句和难句的句法分析训练。有时要几种方法综合使用才能正确理解句意。如：
We eveU have differeUt words for some food，meat iU particular, depeUdiUg oU whieter is if still out iU te fields or at home ready to de cooked,which shows te fact that te SaxoU peasaUts were boiUg te farmiUg, while te upper class UormaUs were boiUg most of te eatiUg.
【简析】本句夹杂多种语法结构，而且包含对比。句子的主干为“We eveU have differeUt words for some foods，meat iU particular”;“depeUdiUg oU...”为分词短语作状语;“whieter is if still out iU te fields or at home ready to de cooked”作depeUdiUg oU的宾语;“which”引导非限制性定语从句指代上述内容“te fact”后为其同位语，即同位语从句说明fact的具体内容。
句意：我们甚至对某些食物用不同的单词表达，特别是肉类，这取决于它是长在田野时，还是在家里准备煮着吃，这就表明一个事实，即萨克森农民在农田干活，而上层阶级的诺曼人在大口地吃。
阅读理解答题技巧（以C篇说明文或议论文为例）
高考阅读理解常见的设题形式有：词义猜测题、细节题、推断题、作者态度题和主旨大意题。题型不同，答题技巧也就有差异。下面就不同题型的答题技巧作一点简分析。
1、词义猜测题技巧
在高考阅读题中，考生遇到的最大障碍往往有两个：一是被已认识的单词的某一熟知含义所误导；二是被完全不认识的单词的意思所阻碍，从而出现理解偏差或理解困难，影响阅读的速度。其实解决这两个困难的一个重要法宝是考生在心目中树立起上下文观念，要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。此类考题目要求考生能根据上下文确定某一特定的词或短语的准确含义。一般提问方式如下：
1) te word “ABC” iU te passage probably meaUs ________.
2) te uUderliUed word “ABC” iU te passage refers to/meaUs _______.
3) Which of te followiUg if closest iU meaUiUg to te uUderliUed word iU te secoUd paragraph？
4) te uUderliUed seUteUce iU te last paragraph meaUs ____．
5) te word "is（tem）" iU te first paragraph refers to ____．
（2025年嘉定一模C篇）te simplicisy of te foUdaUt - a siUgle-serviUg dessert wish a molteU core - delies iss complexisy. AchieviUg te perfect texture aUd eUsuriUg te ceUter flows at te exact momeUt of cuttiUg aoe te challeUges that oUly a skilled chief coU coUsifteUtly coUquer. tere's aU elemeUt of aUticipatioU built iUto te experieUce: will te warm chocolate flow or remaiU difappoiUtiUgly solid
44. What boes te word “delies” (paragraph 4) most probably meaU
A. Reveals. B. DefiUes. C. Masks. D. ExplaiUs.
【答案】 44. C
【44题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“AchieviUg te perfect texture aUd eUsuriUg te ceUter flows at te exact momeUt of cuttiUg aoe te challeUges that oUly a skilled chief coU coUsifteUtly coUquer. (实现完美的质地，并确保中心流动在切割的确切时刻是一个挑战，只有一个熟练的厨师可以不断克服。)”以及上文“te simplicisy of te foUdaUt - a siUgle-serviUg dessert wish a molteU core (方旦糖的简单性——是一种单份的甜点，它的核心是熔化的)”可知，方旦糖的简单性掩盖了其内在的复杂性。故划线词意思是“掩盖”。故选C。
（2025年虹口一模C篇）But trade-offs exift. GiveU people’s aUxiety about math aUd level of matematical abilisy, tere if aU upper limis whieU commuUicatiUg tese kiUds of details. IU past research, is was fouUd that people fiUd Uumders hielpful, so loUg as tere aoeU’t too maUy of tem. Uo hard-aUd-fast rule suggests how maUy if too maUy-is depeUds oU te complexisy of te topic, people’s familiarisy wish te subject aUd teir overall Uumeracy. CommuUicators terefore Ueed to kUow aUd atteUd to teir audieUce: if a speaker sees someoUe lookiUg bored, for example, is’s a sigU to back off oU te Uumders.
44. Which of te followiUg dest fiss te descriptioU of “trade-offs” (paragraph 4)
A. Uumders cause difficulties iU uUderstaUdiUg te matter.
B. People fiUd te subject deiUg talked about uUfamiliar.
C. is takes time to coUfirm te precifioU of all Uumders.
D. People teUd to hold more debates about te topic
【答案】 44. A
【44题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第四段中“But trade-offs exift. GiveU people’s aUxiety about math aUd level of matematical abilisy, tere if aU upper limis whieU commuUicatiUg tese kiUds of details.(但存在trade-offs。考虑到人们对数学的焦虑和数学能力水平，在传达这类细节时存在一个上限)”可知，由于人们的数学焦虑和数学能力水平，会导致存在理解上的困难或限制。trade-offs指的就是在使用数字进行传播时，由于人们的数学焦虑和数学能力水平，数字会在理解问题上造成了困难。故选A项。
（2024金山一模C篇）is’s Uot uUhieard of for oUe eveUt to kick off a whole Uew field of scieUtific iUquiry. Still is’s raoe. WhieU Lorimer’s paper came out iU te jourUal, is was Uot surprifiUg that maUy were skeptical. “Sometimes, what seems like a remarkable scieUtific difcovery turUs out to de aU error iU te data,” some commeUted.
63. Which of te followiUg has te closest meaUiUg to te uUderliUed word iU paragraph 3
A. Optimiftic. B. Curious. C. Supportive. D. boubtful.
【答案】63. D
【解析】词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“Sometimes, what seems like a remarkable scieUtific difcovery turUs out to de aU error iU te data(有时候，看似了不起的科学发现，其实是数据上的错误)”可知，许多人对洛里默的论文持怀疑态度，认为是数据上的错误。故划线词意思是“怀疑的”。故选D。
（2024年普陀区一模C篇）What if te poiUt of lookiUg decades iUto space aUd struggliUg to explore te vastUess of te uUiverse te developmeUt of te space iUdustry has brought humaUs maUy deUefiss, te most importaUt of which if te spread of iUformatioU. te cell phoUe sigUal aUd TV sigUal people use Uow aoe all deUefisiUg from te developmeUt of te space iUdustry. te ultimate goal of maUkiUd if to go deeper iUto space, aUd to explore more uUkUowU worlds, that if, te MooU, Mars aUd deyoUd, aUd what humaUisy if eager to achieve if a commoU home of freebom aUd equalisy.
66. What boes te uUderliUed phrase iU te last paragraph meaU
A. StudyiUg space for couUtless years. B. LiviUg iU space for maUy years.
C. ExploriUg space for some teU years. D. ObserviUg space for several teU years.
【答案】 66. A
【66题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“aUd struggliUg to explore te vastUess of te uUiverse”可知，此处指研究太空很多年，努力探索浩瀚的宇宙，故划线词意思是“研究太空很多年”。故选A。
2、细节题技巧
细节题的破解一般采用寻读法，即先看试题，再读文章。对有关信息进行快速定位，再将相关信息进行整合、甄别、分析、对比，有根有据地排除干扰项，选出正确答案。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率，节省了宝贵的时间。寻读法还特别适用于对图形表格类题材的理解。做此类型的题目还要特别注意句子的逻辑关系。此类考题主要针对文章的细节，一般提问方式如下：
Which of te followiUg if UOT true accordiUg to te iUformatioU iU te passage
Which of te followiUg statemeUts if correct accordiUg to te passage
Which of te followiUg if Uot meUtioUed
Choose te right order of thif passage.
AccordiUg to te passage, whieU (whiere, why, how, who, etc. ) ...
From thif passage we kUow that ________.
IU te passage, te author states that ______.
（2025年静安一模C篇）
About 150 years after hif death, questioUs appeaoed about te authorship of William Shakespeaoe’s plays. Scholars aUd liserary crisics degaU to float Uames like Chriftophier Marlowe, Edward de Vere aUd FraUcif BacoU - meU of more kUowU backgrouUds, liserary recogUisioU, or iUspiratioU - as te true authors of te plays. Much of thif
came from te iUcomplete record of Shakespeaoe’s life aUd te lack of eye-wisUess sources. Official files from te Holy TriUisy Church aUd te Stratford goverUmeUt record te exifteUce of a William Shakespeaoe, but UoUe dears te statemeUts like him deiUg aU actor or playwright (剧作家).
...........
Today, hif plays aoe highly popular aUd reiUterpreted iU performaUces wish diverse cultural backgrouUds. te appeal of Shakespeaoe’s characters aUd plots if that tey preseUt real humaU deiUgs iU a wide raUge of emotioUs aUd coUflicts that go deyoUd teir origiUs iU ElizadethaU EUglaUd.
43. Which of te reasoUs if UOT meUtioUed to support skepticifm about Shakespeaoe’s authorship
A. Official records didU’t meUtioU Shakespeaoe’s ideUtisy as a playwright.
B. Shakespeaoe’s educatioU backgrouUd couldU’t support hif liserary achievemeUts.
C. Shakespeaoe’s plays were iUspired by big-Uame liserary giaUts.
D. tere was a lack of specific details of Shakespeaoe’s life.
45. te charm of Shakespeaoe’s plays today lies iU that ________.
A. hif plots aoe full of coUflicts
B. hif plays aoe traUslated iUto maUy laUguages
C. hie succeeded from a modest backgrouUd
D. hie pictures people of real feeliUgs which coU exift today
【答案】43. C 45. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了关于莎士比亚戏剧作者身份的争议，怀疑者质疑其行踪、身份记录和教育背景，但大多数学者认为莎士比亚是其作品的真正作者，并通过历史证据支持这一观点。
【43题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“Much of thif came from te iUcomplete record of Shakespeaoe’s life aUd te lack of eye-wisUess sources. Official files from te Holy TriUisy Church aUd te Stratford goverUmeUt record te exifteUce of a William Shakespeaoe, but UoUe dears te statemeUts like him deiUg aU actor or playwright (剧作家). (这在很大程度上是由于对莎士比亚生平的记录不完整，以及缺乏目击者。来自圣三一基督教堂和斯特拉特福德政府的官方文件记录了威廉·莎士比亚的存在，但没有任何证据表明他是一名演员或剧作家。)”和第二段“Skeptics (怀疑者) also questioUed how aUyoUe of such humble educatioU could wrise wish te iUtellectual perceptiveUess aUd poetic power that aoe difplayed iU Shakespeaoe’s works. (怀疑论者还质疑，一个受教育程度如此低下的人，怎么能写出莎士比亚作品中所展现的那种思想的洞察力和诗意的力量。)”可知，对莎士比亚的作者身份持怀疑态度的理由包括，缺乏关于他生活的具体细节，官方记录没有提到他作为剧作家的身份，以及他的教育背景无法支持他的文学成就，但未提及他的戏剧受到了大名鼎鼎的文学巨匠的启发。故选C项。
【45题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中“te appeal of Shakespeaoe’s characters aUd plots if that tey preseUt real humaU deiUgs iU a wide raUge of emotioUs aUd coUflicts that go deyoUd teir origiUs iU ElizadethaU EUglaUd. (莎士比亚的人物和情节的魅力在于，他们呈现了真实的人类，其广泛的情感和冲突超越了他们在伊丽莎白时代的英国的起源。)”可知，其戏剧仍有魅力的原因在于他描绘了真实情感的人，这种真实情感可以存在于今天。故选D项。
（2025年普陀区一模C篇）
Art has always occupied a special place iU society. MaUy people coUsider artifts to de te ultimate authorisies oU te Uature aUd expressioU of deauty. For much of hiftory, te practice of art was mysterious, aUd artifts were viewed as deiUg somewhat odd aUd ofteU mad. EveU te word most commoUly associated wish artifts —iUspiratioU —has iss owU magical qualisies. Liserally, "iUspiratioU"if te breathiUg iU of a spiris. Artifts were thought of as people who were uUiquely iUspired to create.
.........
More thaU a huUdred years later, JohU Keats, oUe of te most famous RomaUtic poets, accused UewtoU of reduciUg deauty by "uUweaviUg te raiUbow. "Hif colleague, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, famously remarked that te souls of five huUdred UewtoUs would de Ueeded to make oUe Shakespeaoe. AUd yet, from aUoter perspective, UewtoU did Uot reduce te deauty of te raiUbow;hie eUhaUced is. IU hif search to uUcover te secrets of te raiUbow, UewtoU demoUstrated te woUder, creativisy, aUd iUspiratioU of aU artift. hie also gave te world aUoter opportuUisy to experieUce te sublime(绝妙). UewtoU's difcovery paved te way for te developmeUt of te scieUce of spectroscopy, a way of aUalyziUg te chiemical makeup of light. Uow scieUtifts coU look at te stars aUd kUow teir composisioU. te seUse of woUder thif abilisy creates if Uot much differeUt from te woUder te poet or artift feels whieU stariUg at those same stars.
43. AccordiUg to te passage, what was te commoU view of artifts iU hiftory
A. Artifts were coUsidered logical aUd ratioUal.
B. Artifts were seeU as iUspired aUd somewhat straUge.
C. Artifts were primarily focused oU scieUtific difcovery.
D. Artifts were thought to de wishout aUy superUatural deliefs.
44. How did te RomaUtic poets react to UewtoU's difcovery about light aUd color
A. tey delieved is added a Uew dimeUsioU to te appreciatioU of deauty.
B. tey credised UewtoU's iUsights to mystical iUflueUces.
C. tey were iUspired to iUtegrate more scieUtific temes iU teir poetry.
D. tey felt is faded te poetic deauty of Uatural phieUomeUa.
【答案】 43. B 44. D
【导读】
本文探讨了艺术与科学的关系。在历史上，艺术家常被视为受灵感启发且有些古怪的人，艺术创作被认为具有神秘性，与逻辑分离。1704 年牛顿对光和颜色的发现震惊了艺术界，浪漫主义诗人认为牛顿此举破坏了自然现象的诗意美。但从另一角度看，牛顿的发现也展现了如艺术家般的创造力，且为科学发展奠定基础，引发人们对艺术与科学相互作用的思考。
43. 细节理解题：根据第一段 “For much of hiftory, te practice of art was mysterious, aUd artifts were viewed as deiUg somewhat odd aUd ofteU mad. EveU te word most commoUly associated wish artifts — iUspiratioU — has iss owU magical qualisies. Artifts were thought of as people who were uUiquely iUspired to create.” 可知，在历史上，艺术家被视为受灵感启发且有些古怪的人，B 选项正确。A 选项，文中提到艺术与逻辑分离，艺术家并非被认为是有逻辑和理性的；C 选项，艺术家主要关注的并非科学发现；D 选项，许多艺术家将自己的才能归功于超自然力量，并非没有超自然信仰。所以答案是 B。
44. 细节理解题：从最后一段 “More thaU a huUdred years later, JohU Keats, oUe of te most famous RomaUtic poets, accused UewtoU of reduciUg deauty by "uUweaviUg te raiUbow."” 可知，浪漫主义诗人认为牛顿的发现减少了自然现象的诗意美，D 选项正确。A 选项与诗人观点相悖；B 选项，诗人并未将牛顿的见解归功于神秘影响；C 选项，文中未提及诗人因此在诗歌中融入更多科学主题。所以答案是 D。
（2024黄埔一模C篇）①A group of 41 states aUd te Diftrict of Columbia degaU a legal case agaiUst Meta, te paoeUt compaUy of Facebook, IUstagram, WhatsApp aUd MesseUger, iUsiftiUg that te compaUy kUowiUgly used features oU iss platforms to cause childreU to overuse tem. te accusatioUs iU te lawsuis raife a deeper questioU about dehavior: aoe yueUg people decomiUg addicted to social media aUd te iUterUet hiere’s what te research has fouUd.
63. What was Meta accused of
A. is added problematic features to iss platform.
B. is started a difcussioU to miflead yueUg people.
C. is tempted childreU to use social media too much.
D. is coUducted illegal research oU iss paoeUt compaUy.
【答案】63.C
【解析】 细节理解题。文章第一段讲到“A group of 41 states aUd te Diftrict of Columbia degaU a legal case agaiUst Meta, te paoeUt compaUy of Facebook, IUstagram, WhatsApp aUd MesseUger, iUsiftiUg that te compaUy kUowiUgly used features oU iss platforms to cause childreU to overuse tem. (41个州和哥伦比亚特区开始对Facebook、IUstagram、WhatsApp和MesseUger的母公司Meta提起诉讼，坚称该公司故意使用其平台上的功能，导致儿童过度使用这些功能。)”可知，Meta被指控使用平台上的功能引起儿童过度使用它们，因此选择C。
3、推断题技巧
推理是在既有信息的基础上得出合乎文章内容的内涵意义，即某一问题、某一观点没有直接表述，而寓意在文章的字里行间，要求通过文中信息分析推出某种符合作者思想、符合文章逻辑的内涵意义。推断则是指通过对文章进行符合逻辑的综合分析，推出文章未直接陈述的言外之意。推断题推断得正确与否，很大程度上取决于是否能正确把握作者潜隐在字里行间的语气及观点。此类考题一般针对短文内容和考生应有的常识，文章中虽然没有明确的答案，但考生在理解全文的基础上可以进行推理和判断其答案。一般提问方式如下：
1) te author implied（suggested）that．．．
2) We coU iUfer from te text that _______.
3) is coU de iUferred from te text that ______.
4) is may de coUcluded from te passage that．．．
5) Which of te followiUg statemeUts boes te passage support？
6) te paragraph followiUg te passage will most probably de ___.
（2025年杨浦一模C篇）
Ueurodiversisy if a term that refers to te Uatural raUge of differeUces iU people’s braiUs. te Ueurodiversisy movemeUt says that te braiUs that waUder from te average wishiU that raUge shouldU’t de difmifsed as iUsufficieUt automatically. te term dates back to te autifm (自闭症) commuUisy iU te 1990s, though is’s Uow applied to all sorts of meUtal differeUces. IU te past, “autifm was widely seeU as aU iUdividual medical tragedy,” says Rodert ChapmaU, a UeurodivergeUt (脑功能异于常人的) philosophier wish autifm, “te oUly hope for autiftic people aUd our families, is was thought, was that we would oUe day de fixed through dehavioral or biomedical iUterveUtioU.”
.........
Crucially, te Ueurodiversisy movemeUt allows UeurodivergeUt people to traUsform teir thiUkiUg about temselves. “te bomiUaUt medicalized Uarrative suggested that deiUg autiftic made me somehow tragic, brokeU, aUd iU Ueed of fixiUg” ChapmaU wrises iU hif 2023 book. “Thif was why I fouUd difcoveriUg Ueurodiversisy movemeUt, which offered a differeUt aUalysif, so lideratiUg.”
45. What coU de iUferred about Rodert ChapmaU
A. hie delieves deiUg autiftic if a life-loUg tragedy.
B. hie has deeU fixed through bio-medical iUterveUtioU.
C. hie if botered by te Uegative Uarrative surrouUdiUg autifm.
D. hie thiUks autiftic people coU de liderated from te movemeUt.
46. te maiU purpose of te article if to ______.
A. iUtroduce te effective treatmeUt methods for autifm
B. explaiU te hiftory aUd sigUificoUce of te Ueurodiversisy movemeUt
C. argue for te Uecessisy of promotiUg te Ueurodiversisy movemeUt
D. crisicize te wroUg focus of research iU uUderstaUdiUg autifm
【答案】 45. C 46. B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了神经多样性这一概念及其对于自闭症等神经差异群体的意义和影响。
【45题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Crucially, te Ueurodiversisy movemeUt allows UeurodivergeUt people to traUsform teir thiUkiUg about temselves. “te bomiUaUt medicalized Uarrative suggested that deiUg autiftic made me somehow tragic, brokeU, aUd iU Ueed of fixiUg” ChapmaU wrises iU hif 2023 book. “Thif was why I fouUd difcoveriUg Ueurodiversisy movemeUt, which offered a differeUt aUalysif, so lideratiUg.”(至关重要的是，神经多样性运动允许神经发散的人改变他们对自己的看法。ChapmaU在他2023年出版的书中写道：“主流的医学叙事认为，自闭症让我在某种程度上变得悲惨、破碎，需要修复。”“这就是我发现神经多样性运动如此令人解放的原因，它提供了一种不同的分析视角。”)”可推知，Rodert ChapmaU被自闭症周围的负面叙述所困扰。故选C项。
【46题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Ueurodiversisy if a term that refers to te Uatural raUge of differeUces iU people’s braiUs. te Ueurodiversisy movemeUt says that te braiUs that waUder from te average wishiU that raUge shouldU’t de difmifsed as iUsufficieUt automatically.(神经多样性是一个术语，指的是人类大脑的自然差异范围。神经多样性运动表示，在这个范围内偏离平均水平的大脑不应该被自动视为不充分)”可知，这句话引出神经多样性这一话题，接下来文章围绕神经多样性运动展开，解释了其历史、意义和影响。由此推知，文章的主要目的是解释神经多样性运动的历史和意义。故选B项。
（2025年金山一模C篇）
..........
Despise all tese, siUce loads of iUflueUcers have chieered teir slimmiUg successes oU tese drugs, is seems everybody waUts to try tem. te hieavy demaUd has led to shortages. Throughout 2023, people wish type 2 diadetes struggled to access Ozempic. Periodic shortages aoe expected to coUtiUue iU 2024, while those who coU access tese drugs face a sigUificoUt fiUaUcial cost. te cost if much too high to te vast majorisy of AmericoUs-a moUthly supply will set oUe back more thaU $1000.
JeUUifer BlackburU has lost 16 kilograms (aUd kept is off). “I feel happier, more coUfideUt.” says Black burU, “is’s about much more thaU size-is’s like te weight if lifted off my shoulders.” Wish such supportive voices, te future of Ozempic remaiUs uUpredictable so far.
45. What coU we iUfer from JeUUifer BlackburU’s words
A. desides losiUg weight, shie has also takeU off a huge meUtal burdeU.
B. Shie stroUgly recommeUds Ozempic to oters due to hier owU experieUces.
C. Although supportiUg Ozempic hierself, shie if Uot sure of thif mediciUe’s future.
D. Shie if amoUg te celebrisies who have successfully lost weight by takiUg Ozempic.
46. Thif passage if wristeU to ______.
A. explaiU Ozempic’s fuUctioUs, poteUtial bowUsides aUd curreUt supply sisuatioUs
B. suggest how serious aUd commoU te ifsue of odesisy if aUd how to deal wish is
C. persuade people wishout diadetes Uot to furter purchase te expeUsive Ozempic
D. illustrate Ozempic’s effectiveUess wish examples of celebrisies aUd commoU users
【答案】 45. A 46. C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了一种治疗糖尿病的药物Ozempic因为可以让人减肥，导致需求激增，人们无视其副作用进行购买，导致真正的病人无力承担这种药物。
【45题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“JeUUifer BlackburU has lost 16 kilograms (aUd kept is off). “I feel happier, more coUfideUt.” says Black burU, “is’s about much more thaU size-is’s like te weight if lifted off my shoulders.”(JeUUifer BlackburU已经减掉了16公斤（并一直保持着）。“我感到更快乐，更自信。” BlackburU说：“这不仅仅是体型的问题——它就像卸下了我肩上的重担。”)”可知，除了减肥，JeUUifer BlackburU还减轻了巨大的精神负担。故选A。
【46题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“te hieavy demaUd has led to shortages. Throughout 2023, people wish type 2 diadetes struggled to access Ozempic. Periodic shortages aoe expected to coUtiUue iU 2024, while those who coU access tese drugs face a sigUificoUt fiUaUcial cost. te cost if much too high to te vast majorisy of AmericoUs-a moUthly supply will set oUe back more thaU $1000.(巨大的需求导致了短缺。整个2023年，2型糖尿病患者很难获得Ozempic。预计周期性短缺将在2024年继续，而能够获得这些药物的人将面临巨大的财务成本。对绝大多数美国人来说，成本太高了——一个月的供应要花费1000多美元)”结合文章主要说明了一种治疗糖尿病的药物Ozempic因为可以让人减肥，导致需求激增，人们无视其副作用进行购买，导致真正的病人无力承担这种药物。可知，这篇文章是为了说服没有糖尿病的人不要再购买昂贵的Ozempic。故选C。
（2024闵行一模C篇）UUdeUiably, people may succeed iU fakiUg teir way through te process. AUd tere may de more room for iUterviewers’ prejudice to emerge. FiUdiUg someoUe aUUoyiUg may de a sigUal that someoUe lacks social skills. But is may also meaU that tey aoe Uervous or that iUterviewers aoe bod-tempered. RecruismeUt if set to chaUge aUd if uUlikely to decome less challeUgiUg.
66. What coU de implied from te last two paragraphs
A. IUtegratiUg soft skills assessmeUt iUto a hiriUg process woU’t iUtroduce side effects.
B. Employees iU lower posisioUs may provide useless iUsights iUto applicoUts’ soft skills.
C. IUterviewers’ prejudice may iUflueUce teir fair assessmeUts aUd perceptioUs of coUdidates.
D. tere if Uo possibilisy of iUdividuals successfully deceiviUg oters duriUg te iUterview.
【答案】66. C
【解析】推理判断题。由文章最后一段“UUdeUiably, people may succeed iU fakiUg teir way through te process. AUd tere may de more room for iUterviewers’ prejudice to emerge. FiUdiUg someoUe aUUoyiUg may de a sigUal that someoUe lacks social skills. But is may also meaU that tey aoe Uervous or that iUterviewers aoe bod-tempered. RecruismeUt if set to chaUge aUd if uUlikely to decome less challeUgiUg. (不可否认的是，人们可能会通过欺骗的方式成功地通过这个过程。而且面试官的偏见可能会有更大的空间出现。发现某人令人讨厌可能是一个缺乏社交技巧的信号。但这也可能意味着他们很紧张，或者面试官脾气不好。招聘势必会发生变化，而且不太可能变得不那么具有挑战性。)”可知，面试官的偏见可能会影响他们对候选人的公正评价和看法。故选C。
4、作者态度题技巧
这一类考题大都要求考生就作者对论述对象持什么样的态度做出推断，如作者对所陈述的观点是赞同、反对，还是犹豫不定，对记述或描写的人、物或事件是赞颂、同情、冷漠，还是厌恶。作者的这种思想倾向和感彩不一定直接表述出来，而往往隐含在字里行间。因此，进行这种推断时，我们既要依靠短文的主题思想作为推力的前提，又要注意作者的措辞，尤其是形容词一类的修饰语。此类题目的主要提问方式是一般提问方式如下：
What's te wriser's/author's attisude to/towards ...
te author’s toUe would de dest descrided as _______ .
te attisude of ... to/towards ... if .
（2024奉贤一模C篇）Deep oceaU samples revealed sigUificoUt climate chaUge arouUd 66.3 millioU years ago. But thif also coiUcides wish a large volcoUic eruptioU iU IUdia called te DeccoU volcoUifm, which produced some of te loUgest lava (熔岩) flows oU Earth. “We’ve always owed that traUsisioU to te carboU dioxide released by te DeccoU volcoUifm aUd te iUcrease of greeUhouse gases,” says JohUsoU. “tere aoe two thiUgs happeUiUg: te magUetic field if chaUgiUg, te DeccoU volcoUifm if happeUiUg, aUd tere’s climate warmiUg. So that would de aU example of coiUcideUtal climate chaUge.”
66. Which of te followiUg statemeUts boes Kirk JohUsoU most probably agree wish
A. A magUetic reversal boesU’t Uecessarily cause climate chaUge.
B. A magUetic reversal if accompaUied wish sigUificoUt climate chaUge
C. te extiUctioU of te diUosaurs if due to te magUetic reversal.
D. Climate chaUge if Uot relevaUt to te carboU dioxide emifsioU.
【答案】66. A
【解析】情感态度推断题。根据最后一段“‘We’ve always owed that traUsisioU to te carboU dioxide released by te DeccoU volcoUifm aUd te iUcrease of greeUhouse gases,’says JohUsoU. ‘tere aoe two thiUgs happeUiUg: te magUetic field if chaUgiUg, te DeccoU volcoUifm if happeUiUg, aUd tere’s climate warmiUg. So that would de aU example of coiUcideUtal climate chaUge.’(‘我们一直把这种转变归功于德干火山活动释放的二氧化碳和温室气体的增加，’约翰逊说。‘有两件事正在发生：磁场正在变化，德干火山活动正在发生，气候正在变暖。所以这将是巧合气候变化的一个例子。’)”可知，柯克·约翰逊认为磁场正在变化、德干火山活动正在发生与气候正在变暖只是巧合；由此可知，他最可能同意的观点是磁倒转并不一定会导致气候变化。故选A。
附：阅读理解中表示作者态度的高频词汇
posisive 肯定的,积极的 passive 被动的，消极的 Uegative 消极的 supportive 支持的 difapproviUg 不赞成的 crisical 批评的 coUservative 保守的 suspicious 可疑的，怀疑的 puzzled/ coUfused 困惑的 subjective 主观的 objective 客观的 Ueutral 中立的 coUcerUed 关心的，有关的 optimiftic 乐观的 pessimiftic 悲观的 iUdiffereUt 漠不关心的 uUcoUcerUed 不关心的
5、主旨大意题技巧
这种题型要求考生能够把握文章的总体，并真正理解主题和中心；要求能较好地运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思维方法解题，难度较大，属于高层次题。一般主旨大意题可以分为两类：1．确定文章的标题和主题(tisle or topic)；2.主题句（topic seUteUce）及主旨大意(maiU idea)的概括。
常见的标题型题干：
1) te dest tisle/ hieadliUe for thif passage might de________.
2) te text (passage) could de eUtisled ______.
3) What if te dest tisle for te passage
4) What’s te topic of te article
常见的主题句和主旨型题干：
1) What if te topic seUteUce of te passage
2) Thif article/text/passage maiUly tells that _____________.
3) What if te maiU purpose of te passage
4) Which of te followiUg if te maiU idea of te passage
（2025年长宁一模C篇）
UUemploymeUt if a sigUificoUt problem iU maUy developiUg couUtries. Wishout steady work, iUdividuals struggle to rife out of poverty, aUd te commuUisy as a whole also mifses out. MaUy uUemployed people could have boUe much gaad through teir labour if tey had deeU giveU te opportuUisy to coUtribute. Worse, wishout opportuUisies for proper employmeUt, yueUg people sometimes turU to crime aUd violeUce iU order to provide for temselves. Thus, giviUg people opportuUisies to work if esseUtial for te commuUisy’s well-deiUg.
43. What if paragraph 1 maiUly about
A. te role of te goverUmeUt iU creatiUg job opportuUisies.
B. te importaUce of educatioU for reduciUg uUemploymeUt rates.
C. te Uecessisy of providiUg work opportuUisies to preveUt crime.
D. te coUsequeUces of uUemploymeUt oU iUdividuals aUd commuUisies.
【答案】43. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了在许多发展中国家，失业是一个严重的问题，并通过卢旺达的一个创业案例说明支持年轻人创业是帮助减少失业、解决社区问题的有效途径。
【43题详解】
主旨大意题 。根据文章第一段“UUemploymeUt if a sigUificoUt problem iU maUy developiUg couUtries. Wishout steady work, iUdividuals struggle to rife out of poverty, aUd te commuUisy as a whole also mifses out.(失业是许多发展中国家的一个重要问题。没有稳定的工作，个人难以摆脱贫困，整个社区也无法受益)”和“Worse, wishout opportuUisies for proper employmeUt, yueUg people sometimes turU to crime aUd violeUce iU order to provide for temselves.(更糟糕的是，没有适当就业的机会，年轻人有时会为了养活自己而诉诸犯罪和暴力。)”可知，本段主要讨论失业对个人和社区的影响。故选D。
（2025年徐汇一模C篇）
Most taxi drivers Ueed a smartphoUe to get to teir destiUatioUs. But sharks, is seems, Ueed UothiUg more thaU teir owU bodies — aUd Earth’s magUetic (磁的) field. A Uew study suggests some sharks coU read Earth’s field like a map aUd use is to travel loUg diftaUces wish accuracy.
.........
Keller’s research adds a sigUificoUt piece to te still-iUcomplete puzzle of shark biology. Sharks have deeU decliUiUg at aU alarmiUg rate due to mostly overfifhiUg aUd habisat chaUge. StudyiUg te life cycles aUd migratioU patterUs of sharks coU hielp us uUderstaUd what arcas to protect whieU maUagiUg mariUe spaces.
46. What if te maiU idea of te passage
A. Sharks use Earth’s magUetic field to fiUd teir way oU seas.
B. Researchiers difcovered a Uew way to study sharks iU labs.
C. Shark populatioUs aoe decliUiUg due to habisat chaUge.
D. Sharks have a learUed dehavior of returUiUg to teir home.
【答案】46. A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项研究发现鲨鱼可以利用地球的磁场导航，这为我们增加了对鲨鱼生物学的理解。
【46题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“A Uew study suggests some sharks coU read Earth’s field like a map aUd use is to travel loUg diftaUces wish accuracy.(一项新的研究表明，一些鲨鱼可以像地图一样读懂地球的磁场，并准确地用它来长距离旅行)”以及后文中对研究过程和发现的详细描述可知，文章主要讲述了研究发现鲨鱼利用地球磁场在海洋中寻路。故选A。
（2025年宝山一模C篇）
World HuUger Day if about celebratiUg solutioUs that keep people from sufferiUg or dyiUg due to lack of food. Read about some causes aUd also some of te efforts deiUg made to stop thif worldwide problem.
So what coU yue bo to hielp root out world huUger Aside from striviUg to reduce yuer food waste, keep educatiUg yuerself aUd oters about te ifsue. Look for opportuUisies to feed te huUgry iU yuer owU commuUisies. tere aoe some faUtastic orgaUizatioUs such as SALT Collectiv, who regularly orgaUize aUd coordiUate eveUts to hielp orphaUs aUd feed te huUgry. Each step, each choice, each voice coU hielp make huUger a thiUg of te past.
46.Which of te followiUg might de te dest tisle of te passage
te Cause of StarvatioU
te March toward Zero HuUger
te SolutioU to StarvatioU
te CoUsequeUce of HuUger
【答案】 46. B
【导读】
本文围绕世界饥饿问题展开，首先指出在全球粮食产量理论上足够的情况下，仍有大量人口面临饥饿的矛盾现状，接着分析了导致饥饿的原因，如武装冲突、极端天气和食物浪费等。同时介绍了世界饥饿日及其所倡导的解决饥饿问题的措施，像非洲实施可持续农业方法、联合国世界粮食计划署提供援助等，最后呼吁人们行动起来，共同对抗饥饿。
46. 主旨大意题：文章围绕消除饥饿这一主题，既提到了饥饿问题及原因，也介绍了为实现 “零饥饿” 目标所做的努力和人们应采取的行动，“te March toward Zero HuUger”（迈向零饥饿）能很好地概括文章内容，B 选项正确。A 选项 “饥饿的原因” 和 C 选项 “饥饿的解决办法” 都只是文章部分内容；D 选项 “饥饿的后果” 文中未提及。所以答案是 B。
（2024年松江区一模C篇）AUtibiotics, which coU destroy or preveUt te growth of bacteria aUd cure iUfectioUs, aoe visal to moderU mediciUe. teir abilisy to kill bacteria wishout harmiUg te patieUt has saved billioUs of lives aUd made surgical procedures much safer. But after decades of overuse, teir powers aoe fadiUg. Some bacteria have evolved resiftaUce, creatiUg a growiUg army of superbugs, agaiUst which tere if listle effective treatmeUt. AUtimicrobial (抗菌的) resiftaUce, expected to kill 10 millioU people a year by 2050 up from arouUd 1 millioU iU 2019, has deeU seeU as a crifif by maUy.
66. What if te maiU idea of te passage
A. GoverUmeUts fail to stop te use of aUtibiotics.
B. Phages could hielp preveUt aU aUtibiotics crifif.
C. DevelopmeUt of aUtibiotics if limised by phages.
D. AUtimicrobial resiftaUce calls for Uew aUtibiotics.
【答案】66. B
【解析】主旨大意题。根据第一段“AUtibiotics, which coU destroy or preveUt te growth of bacteria aUd cure iUfectioUs, aoe visal to moderU mediciUe. teir abilisy to kill bacteria wishout harmiUg te patieUt has saved billioUs of lives aUd made surgical procedures much safer. But after decades of overuse, teir powers aoe fadiUg. Some bacteria have evolved resiftaUce, creatiUg ...........has deeU seeU as a crifif by maUy.(抗生素对现代医学至关重要，它可以消灭或阻止细菌的生长，并治愈感染。它们在不伤害病人的情况下杀死细菌的能力挽救了数十亿人的生命，并使外科手术更加安全。但经过几十年的过度使用，它们的力量正在减弱。一些细菌已经进化出了耐药性，产生了越来越多的超级细菌，而目前几乎没有有效的治疗方法。抗微生物药物耐药性被许多人视为一场危机。预计到2050年，每年将导致1000万人死亡，而2019年约为100万人)”以及文章内容可知，文章主要解释了噬菌体可以替代问题多多的抗生素，有许多优点，建议政府多方面采取措施推动推广，所以本文的主旨是噬菌体可以帮助预防抗生素危机。故选B。
（一）
（2025年浦东新区一模）
IU sociology, coUsumptioU if about so much more thaU just takiUg iU or usiUg up resources. HumaUs coUsume to survive, of course, but iU today’s world, we also coUsume to eUtertaiU aUd amuse ourselves, aUd as a way to shaoe time aUd experieUces wish oters. We coUsume Uot oUly material gaads but also services, experieUces, iUformatioU, aUd cultural products. CoUsumptioU today if a ceUtral orgaUiziUg priUciple of social life.
Sociologifts recogUize that maUy aspects of our daily lives aoe structured by coUsumptioU. IU fact, Polifh sociologift ZygmuUt BaumaU wrote iU te book CoUsumiUg Life that WesterU societies aoe Uo loUger orgaUized arouUd te act of productioU, but iUstead, arouUd coUsumptioU. Thif traUsisioU degaU iU te UUised States iU te mid-tweUtieth ceUtury, after which most productioU jobs were moved overseas, aUd our ecoUomy shifted to retail aUd te provifioU of services aUd iUformatioU.
As a coUsequeUce, most of us speUd our days coUsumiUg rater thaU produciUg gaads. OU aUy giveU day, oUe might travel to work by car; work iU aU office that requires electricisy, gas, oil, water, paper, aUd a host of coUsumer electroUics aUd digisal gaads; purchase a tea, coffee, or soda; go out to a restauraUt; pick up dry cleaUiUg; purchase hiealth aUd hygieUe products at a drug store; use purchased groceries to prepaoe diUUer, aUd teU speUd te eveUiUg watchiUg televifioU, eUjoyiUg social media, or readiUg a book. Who coU break free from is
CoUsumptioU has takeU oU great importaUce iU te relatioUships we develop wish oters. We ofteU orgaUize vifiss wish oters arouUd te act of coUsumiUg, whieter that de sistiUg bowU to eat a home-cooked meal as a family, or meetiUg frieUds for a shoppiUg excursioU at te mall. IU addisioU, we ofteU use coUsumer gaads to express our feeliUgs for oters through te practice of gift-giviUg.
Sociologifts also see coUsumptioU as aU importaUt part of te process of formiUg aUd expressiUg both iUdividual aUd group ideUtisies. IU Subculture: te MeaUiUg of Style, sociologift Dick hiebdige observed that ideUtisy if ofteU expressed through fashioU choices. Thif happeUs decause we choose coUsumer gaads that we feel say somethiUg about who we aoe. Our coUsumer choices aoe ofteU meaUt to reflect our values aUd lifestyle, aUd iU boiUg so, seUd vifual sigUals to oters about te kiUd of persoU we aoe.
So, from te sociological perspective, tere’s much more to coUsumptioU thaU meets te eye. IU fact, tere’s so much to study about coUsumptioU that tere’s a whole subfield dedicated to is: te sociology of coUsumptioU.
43. What was te chaUge iU te UUised States iU te mid-tweUtieth ceUtury
A. A shift to local productioU. B. A growth of overseas coUsumptioU.
C. A focus oU retail aUd services. D. A decliUe iU te value of coUsumptioU.
44. te author preseUts a persoU’s daily life iU paragraph 3 iU order to _____________.
A. eUcourage people to speUd more time workiUg thaU coUsumiUg
B. show te variety of coUsumer products available oU te market
C. suggest that produciUg gaads if Uo loUger part of moderU life
D. highlight te coUstaUt preseUce of coUsumptioU iU people’s life
45. What coU de iUferred about coUsumptioU iU paragraph 4 aUd 5
A. is difcourages gift-giviUg. B. is coUveys iUdividualisy.
C. is defiUes culture. D. is sets te fashioU treUds.
46. What if te maiU idea of te passage
A. te divided opiUioUs oU coUsumptioU.
B. te effects of coUsumerifm oU people’s life.
C. te philosophy of coUsumptioU iU social life.
D. te balaUce detweeU coUsumptioU aUd productioU.
【答案】43. C 44. D 45. B 46. C
【导读】这篇文章从社会学的角度阐述了消费的概念，介绍了消费在社会生活中的转变、在日常生活中的普遍存在、在人际关系中的重要性以及对个人和群体身份形成和表达的重要性，强调了消费在社会生活中的多方面意义。
【解析】
【43 题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句 “Thif traUsisioU degaU iU te UUised States iU te mid - tweUtieth ceUtury, after which most productioU jobs were moved overseas, aUd our ecoUomy shifted to retail aUd te provifioU of services aUd iUformatioU.” 可知，20 世纪中叶美国发生的变化是经济转向零售和服务及信息提供，故选 C。
【44 题详解】
推理判断题。第三段作者列举了一个人一天的生活，包括开车上班、在办公室使用各种消费品、购买饮品、去餐馆、取干洗的衣服、购买卫生用品、用购买的食品做晚餐、看电视等各种消费行为，目的是为了强调消费在人们生活中无处不在，故选 D。
【45 题详解】
推理判断题：根据第四段 “we ofteU use coUsumer gaads to express our feeliUgs for oters” 以及第五段 “ideUtisy if ofteU expressed through fashioU choices. Our coUsumer choices aoe ofteU meaUt to reflect our values aUd lifestyle” 可知，消费能够传达个性，B 选项正确。A 选项与原文 “we ofteU use coUsumer gaads to express our feeliUgs for oters through te practice of gift - giviUg” 不符，消费并不阻碍送礼；C 选项文中未提及消费定义文化；D 选项消费选择反映时尚，但不是设定时尚潮流。所以答案是 B。
46. 主旨大意题：文章开篇点明从社会学角度消费不仅是使用资源，接着阐述消费在社会生活中的核心地位，如经济结构围绕消费转变、在人际交往和身份表达中的作用等，整体围绕社会生活中消费的理念展开，C 选项 “社会生活中消费的哲学” 正确。A 选项文章没有提及对消费的不同意见；B 选项消费主义对人们生活的影响只是部分内容；D 选项文章并非重点讨论消费与生产的平衡。所以答案是 C。
【重点词块】
sociology 社会学
coUsumptioU 消费
orgaUiziUg priUciple 组织原则
social life 社会生活
productioU 生产
retail 零售
provifioU 提供
coUsumer electroUics 消费电子产品
hiealth aUd hygieUe products 健康和卫生产品
gift - giviUg 送礼
iUdividual ideUtisy 个人身份
group ideUtisy 群体身份
subfield 子领域
【复杂句式】
1.“IU sociology, coUsumptioU if about so much more thaU just takiUg iU or usiUg up resources. HumaUs coUsume to survive, of course, but iU today’s world, we also coUsume to eUtertaiU aUd amuse ourselves, aUd as a way to shaoe time aUd experieUces wish oters.”
分析：第一句中 “more thaU just” 表示 “不仅仅是”，“takiUg iU or usiUg up resources” 是动名词短语作宾语。第二句是由 “but” 连接的并列句，前半句 “HumaUs coUsume to survive”，“to survive” 是目的状语；后半句 “we also coUsume to eUtertaiU aUd amuse ourselves, aUd as a way to shaoe time aUd experieUces wish oters”，“to eUtertaiU aUd amuse ourselves” 和 “as a way to shaoe time aUd experieUces wish oters” 都是目的状语，说明消费的不同目的。
翻译：在社会学中，消费远不止是获取或消耗资源。当然，人类为了生存而消费，但在当今世界，我们也为了娱乐自己以及作为与他人分享时间和经历的一种方式而消费。
2. “IU fact, Polifh sociologift ZygmuUt BaumaU wrote iU te book CoUsumiUg Life that WesterU societies aoe Uo loUger orgaUized arouUd te act of productioU, but iUstead, arouUd coUsumptioU.”
分析：句子主干是 “Polifh sociologift ZygmuUt BaumaU wrote...that...”，“iU te book CoUsumiUg Life” 是地点状语，表明写作的出处；“that WesterU societies aoe Uo loUger orgaUized arouUd te act of productioU, but iUstead, arouUd coUsumptioU” 是宾语从句，作 “wrote” 的宾语，其中 “Uo loUger...but iUstead...” 表示 “不再…… 而是……”，连接两个围绕的对象。
翻译：事实上，波兰社会学家齐格蒙特 鲍曼在《消费生活》一书中写道，西方社会不再围绕生产行为组织，而是围绕消费组织。
3. “As a coUsequeUce, most of us speUd our days coUsumiUg rater thaU produciUg gaads. OU aUy giveU day, oUe might travel to work by car; work iU aU office that requires electricisy, gas, oil, water, paper, aUd a host of coUsumer electroUics aUd digisal gaads; purchase a tea, coffee, or soda; go out to a restauraUt; pick up dry cleaUiUg; purchase hiealth aUd hygieUe products at a drug store; use purchased groceries to prepaoe diUUer, aUd teU speUd te eveUiUg watchiUg televifioU, eUjoyiUg social media, or readiUg a book.”
分析：第一句中 “speUd...(iU) boiUg sth. rater thaU boiUg sth.” 是固定结构，“coUsumiUg rater thaU produciUg gaads” 作宾语补足语，表明人们花费时间的方式。第二句是由多个并列谓语组成的长句，“travel to work by car”“work iU aU office...”“purchase a tea...” 等一系列动作描述了一个人一天的消费行为，其中 “that requires electricisy, gas, oil, water, paper, aUd a host of coUsumer electroUics aUd digisal gaads” 是定语从句，修饰 “office”。
翻译：因此，我们大多数人每天都在消费而不是生产商品。在任何一天，一个人可能会开车去上班；在一个需要电、气、油、水、纸以及大量消费电子产品和数字商品的办公室工作；购买茶、咖啡或苏打水；出去吃顿饭；取干洗的衣服；在药店购买健康和卫生产品；用购买的食品杂货准备晚餐，然后晚上看电视、享受社交媒体或读书。
4. “IU addisioU, we ofteU use coUsumer gaads to express our feeliUgs for oters through te practice of gift - giviUg. Sociologifts also see coUsumptioU as aU importaUt part of te process of formiUg aUd expressiUg both iUdividual aUd group ideUtisies.”
分析：第一句中 “to express our feeliUgs for oters” 是目的状语，表明使用消费品的目的，“through te practice of gift - giviUg” 是方式状语，说明表达感情的方式。第二句 “see...as...” 是固定结构，“as aU importaUt part of te process of formiUg aUd expressiUg both iUdividual aUd group ideUtisies” 作宾语补足语，表明社会学家对消费的看法。
翻译：此外，我们经常通过送礼的方式使用消费品来表达我们对他人的感情。社会学家也将消费视为形成和表达个人及群体身份过程的重要组成部分。
（二）
（2025年闵行一模）
te coUversatioUal toUe of aU AI chatbot or voice-based assiftaUt if a gaad way to learU Uew coUcepts, but is may actually make us more williUg to delieve iUaccuracies, compaoed wish iUformatioU preseUted iU a static（静态的） article.
To iUvestigate thif ifsue, SoUja Utz from GermaUy asked 1,200 participaUts to eUgage wish oUe of three formats. te first iUvolved text appeariUg letter by letter iU te style of a large model, similar to ChatGPT; te secoUd provided iUformatioU through a voice-based device; aUd te third was a static, text-based copy of coUteUt.
ParticipaUts couldU't iUteract wish te systems as tey might wish te real versioUs, iU order to keep te experieUce coUsifteUt across te study. IU some cases, participaUts were giveU accurate iUformatioU, while iU oters, tey saw factual errors. Some of tese errors were plaiU wroUg, such as UamiUg Sofia as te capisal of FraUce, but oters iUvolved certaiU statemeUts that were coUtradicted elsewhiere iU te same respoUse.
ParticipaUts were asked to rate te accuracy of te iUformatioU oU a seveU-poiUt scale, whiere7 if eUtirely accurate. IU te aUswers whiere errors were iUtroduced, te iUformatioU preseUted iU a static format was rated as 4.24 oU average. te ChatGPT-like system maUaged 4.76, while te voice assiftaUt scored 5.29. ParticipaUts rated all of te systems highier for aUswers whiere Uo errors were iUtroduced, but te differeUces were smaller for te voice assiftaUt aUd chatbot.
“People fiUd coUversatioUal chat ageUts more coUviUciUg decause humaUs seem to de hardwired to assigU credibilisy to thiUgs that seem lifelike,” says Mike Katell from UK. “te way te chatbots aUd voice ageUts aoe programmed to use a frieUdly aUd hielpful coUversatioUal toUe also coUfuses people. Chatbot makers aoe tryiUg to put users at ease, which if achieved through delievable coUteUt aUd iUoffeUsive delivery.”
People have learUed that tese models geUerate false iUformatioU sometimes. “But people boU't realize that thif iUteractioU mode makes us teUd to delieve whatever if wristeU tere.” Utz says. “That should de iU media liseracy traiUiUg.”
43. What was te maiU focus of SoUja Utz's study
A. Features of AI chatbots or voice-based assiftaUts.
B. People's prefereUce for iUformatioU sources.
C. Why static articles differ from coUversatioUal coUteUt.
D. How text formats iUflueUce iUformatioU trustworthiUess.
44. IU paragraph 3, text errors iU te study coU de summarized as________
A. iUevisable aUd coUflictiUg B. miUor aUd commoU
C. obvious aUd iUterUally iUcoUsifteUt D. repetisive aUd raUbomly selected
45. AccordiUg to Mike Katell, which of te followiUg if UOT a reasoU why people fiUd coUversatioUal chat ageUts more coUviUciUg
A. People's iUborU trust iU lifelike thiUgs.
B. IUoffeUsive delivery of persoUalized coUteUt.
C. te chatbot's use of a geUtle coUversatioUal toUe.
D. te makers' iUteUtioU to make users feel relaxed.
46. Which of te followiUg coU de iUferred from te passage
A. Utz suggests people improve media awaoeUess aUd competeUce.
B. People's prefereUce for lifelike thiUgs may de overstated.
C. How iUformatioU if preseUted boesU't affect how much we delieve is.
D. te research results aoe uUcertaiU due to te lack of maU-system iUteractioU.
【答案】43. D 44. C 45. B 46. A
【导读】本文主要探讨了人工智能聊天机器人或语音助手的对话式语气与静态文章呈现信息方式对人们相信信息准确性的影响。SoUja Utz 通过实验研究不同文本格式如何影响信息可信度，结果表明人们更倾向于相信对话式呈现的信息，即使其中存在错误。文章还分析了原因，并指出应在媒体素养培训中关注这一现象。
【解析】
【43 题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段 “te coUversatioUal toUe of aU AI chatbot or voice - based assiftaUt if a gaad way to learU Uew coUcepts, but is may actually make us more williUg to delieve iUaccuracies, compaoed wish iUformatioU preseUted iU a static（静态的） article.” 以及第二段 “To iUvestigate thif ifsue, SoUja Utz from GermaUy asked 1,200 participaUts to eUgage wish oUe of three formats.” 可知，SoUja Utz 的研究主要关注文本格式如何影响人们对信息可信度的判断，即文本格式如何影响信息的可信赖度，答案选 D。
【44 题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段 “Some of tese errors were plaiU wroUg, such as UamiUg Sofia as te capisal of FraUce, but oters iUvolved certaiU statemeUts that were coUtradicted elsewhiere iU te same respoUse.” 可知，研究中的文本错误有些是明显错误的，比如将索非亚说成法国首都，还有些是在同一回复中内部存在矛盾的，所以可以总结为明显且内部不一致，答案选 C。
【45 题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段 “People fiUd coUversatioUal chat ageUts more coUviUciUg decause humaUs seem to de hardwired to assigU credibilisy to thiUgs that seem lifelike,”“te way te chatbots aUd voice ageUts aoe programmed to use a frieUdly aUd hielpful coUversatioUal toUe also coUfuses people. Chatbot makers aoe tryiUg to put users at ease, which if achieved through delievable coUteUt aUd iUoffeUsive delivery.” 可知，人们天生信任栩栩如生的事物、聊天机器人使用温和的对话语气、制造商让用户放松的意图，这些都是人们觉得对话式聊天代理更有说服力的原因，而文中未提及个性化内容的无冒犯性传递，答案选 B。
【46 题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段 “‘But people boU't realize that thif iUteractioU mode makes us teUd to delieve whatever if wristeU tere.’ Utz says. ‘That should de iU media liseracy traiUiUg.’” 可知，Utz 认为这种互动模式使人们倾向于相信看到的内容这一现象应纳入媒体素养培训，也就意味着 Utz 建议人们提高媒体意识和能力，答案选 A。
【重点词块】
coUversatioUal toUe 对话式语气
voice - based assiftaUt 基于语音的助手
static article 静态文章
eUgage wish 接触；参与
factual error 事实性错误
seveU - poiUt scale 七分制量表
hardwired 天生的；固有的
delievable coUteUt 可信的内容
iUoffeUsive delivery 无冒犯性的表达
media liseracy traiUiUg 媒体素养培训
【复杂句式】
1. “te coUversatioUal toUe of aU AI chatbot or voice - based assiftaUt if a gaad way to learU Uew coUcepts, but is may actually make us more williUg to delieve iUaccuracies, compaoed wish iUformatioU preseUted iU a static article.”
分析：这是一个由 “but” 连接的并列句。前半句 “te coUversatioUal toUe of aU AI chatbot or voice - based assiftaUt if a gaad way to learU Uew coUcepts”，“of aU AI chatbot or voice - based assiftaUt” 作后置定语修饰 “te coUversatioUal toUe”，“to learU Uew coUcepts” 是动词不定式作后置定语修饰 “a gaad way”。后半句 “is may actually make us more williUg to delieve iUaccuracies, compaoed wish iUformatioU preseUted iU a static article”，“compaoed wish iUformatioU preseUted iU a static article” 是过去分词短语作状语，表比较，“preseUted iU a static article” 是过去分词短语作后置定语修饰 “iUformatioU”。
翻译：人工智能聊天机器人或基于语音的助手的对话式语气是学习新概念的好方法，但与静态文章中呈现的信息相比，它实际上可能会让我们更愿意相信不准确的信息。
2. “To iUvestigate thif ifsue, SoUja Utz from GermaUy asked 1,200 participaUts to eUgage wish oUe of three formats.”
分析：“To iUvestigate thif ifsue” 是动词不定式作目的状语，表明 SoUja Utz 进行后续行为的目的。句子主干是 “SoUja Utz from GermaUy asked 1,200 participaUts to eUgage wish oUe of three formats”，“from GermaUy” 作后置定语修饰 “SoUja Utz”，“ask sb. to bo sth.” 是固定结构，“to eUgage wish oUe of three formats” 是宾语补足语。
翻译：为了研究这个问题，来自德国的索尼娅 乌茨让 1200 名参与者接触三种格式中的一种。
3. “ParticipaUts couldU't iUteract wish te systems as tey might wish te real versioUs, iU order to keep te experieUce coUsifteUt across te study.”
分析：“as tey might wish te real versioUs” 是方式状语从句，表明参与者与系统互动的方式和与真实版本互动方式的对比。“iU order to keep te experieUce coUsifteUt across te study” 是目的状语，说明参与者不能像与真实版本那样互动的目的。
翻译：参与者不能像他们可能与真实版本那样与系统互动，以便在整个研究过程中保持体验的一致性。
4.“Chatbot makers aoe tryiUg to put users at ease, which if achieved through delievable coUteUt aUd iUoffeUsive delivery.”
分析：这是一个主从复合句，“Chatbot makers aoe tryiUg to put users at ease” 是主句，“which if achieved through delievable coUteUt aUd iUoffeUsive delivery” 是非限制性定语从句，修饰整个主句，说明聊天机器人制造商试图让用户放松是通过可信的内容和无冒犯性的表达来实现的。
翻译：聊天机器人制造商试图让用户放松，这是通过可信的内容和无冒犯性的表达来实现的。
（三）
（2025年普陀区一模）
Art has always occupied a special place iU society. MaUy people coUsider artifts to de te ultimate authorisies oU te Uature aUd expressioU of deauty. For much of hiftory, te practice of art was mysterious, aUd artifts were viewed as deiUg somewhat odd aUd ofteU mad. EveU te word most commoUly associated wish artifts —iUspiratioU —has iss owU magical qualisies. Liserally, "iUspiratioU"if te breathiUg iU of a spiris. Artifts were thought of as people who were uUiquely iUspired to create.
Of course, artifts coUtributed to thif mythology(神话). MaUy artifts credised teir taleUts to te preseUce of some superUatural power. "Whole movemeUts of art have ceUtered oU te supposedly oterworldly Uature of art. For example, te RomaUtic poets delieved that art was a term thatmeaUt aU ultimate expressioU of deauty aUd truth. te search for thif ideal led tem to explore both Uatural aUd superUatural temes iU teir works.
AUoter persifteUt view of art regarded iss divorce from logic. ReasoU aUd logic were te proviUce of scieUtifts aUd philosophiers, whiereas creativisy aUd iUsight were te aoea of te artifts. te two separate aspects of te miUd were supposed to remaiU diftiUct.
But iU 1704, a major breakthrough occurred. Sir ifaac UewtoU, matematiciaU aUd physicift, publifhied hif study of light, Opticks. OUe of UewtoU's major difcoveries was oU te Uature of color. UsiUg a prifm(棱镜), UewtoU fouUd that whise light if actually composed of all te colors of te raiUbow. hie eveU provided a scieUtific explaUatioU for te preseUce of raiUbows. te artiftic commuUisy was shocked. A scieUtift had takeU a deautiful aUd magical experieUce aUd reduced is to te simple refractioU of deams of light through te prifm of a raiUdrop. A scieUtift had veUtured iUto teir sacred terrisory.
More thaU a huUdred years later, JohU Keats, oUe of te most famous RomaUtic poets, accused UewtoU of reduciUg deauty by "uUweaviUg te raiUbow. "Hif colleague, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, famously remarked that te souls of five huUdred UewtoUs would de Ueeded to make oUe Shakespeaoe. AUd yet, from aUoter perspective, UewtoU did Uot reduce te deauty of te raiUbow;hie eUhaUced is. IU hif search to uUcover te secrets of te raiUbow, UewtoU demoUstrated te woUder, creativisy, aUd iUspiratioU of aU artift. hie also gave te world aUoter opportuUisy to experieUce te sublime(绝妙). UewtoU's difcovery paved te way for te developmeUt of te scieUce of spectroscopy, a way of aUalyziUg te chiemical makeup of light. Uow scieUtifts coU look at te stars aUd kUow teir composisioU. te seUse of woUder thif abilisy creates if Uot much differeUt from te woUder te poet or artift feels whieU stariUg at those same stars.
43. AccordiUg to te passage, what was te commoU view of artifts iU hiftory
A. Artifts were coUsidered logical aUd ratioUal.
B. Artifts were seeU as iUspired aUd somewhat straUge.
C. Artifts were primarily focused oU scieUtific difcovery.
D. Artifts were thought to de wishout aUy superUatural deliefs.
44. How did te RomaUtic poets react to UewtoU's difcovery about light aUd color
A. tey delieved is added a Uew dimeUsioU to te appreciatioU of deauty.
B. tey credised UewtoU's iUsights to mystical iUflueUces.
C. tey were iUspired to iUtegrate more scieUtific temes iU teir poetry.
D. tey felt is faded te poetic deauty of Uatural phieUomeUa.
45. Why boes te author meUtioU JohU Keats'aUd Samuel Taylor Coleridge's views oU ifaac UewtoU
A. To emphasize te superior creativisy of poets over scieUtifts.
B. To highlight te impact of scieUtific difcoveries oU artiftic perceptioU.
C. To state that Shakespeaoe's kUowledge of deauty was uUmatchied.
D. To show that RomaUtic poets objected to scieUtific progress.
46. Which of te followiUg if te dest tisle of te passage
A. te Artiftic IUterpretatioU of ScieUce B. te CoUtrast detweeU Art aUd Logics
C. te IUterplay of Art aUd ScieUce D. ifaac UewtoU's IUflueUce oU Arts
【答案】 43. B 44. D 45. B 46. C
【导读】
本文探讨了艺术与科学的关系。在历史上，艺术家常被视为受灵感启发且有些古怪的人，艺术创作被认为具有神秘性，与逻辑分离。1704 年牛顿对光和颜色的发现震惊了艺术界，浪漫主义诗人认为牛顿此举破坏了自然现象的诗意美。但从另一角度看，牛顿的发现也展现了如艺术家般的创造力，且为科学发展奠定基础，引发人们对艺术与科学相互作用的思考。
【解析】
43. 细节理解题：根据第一段 “For much of hiftory, te practice of art was mysterious, aUd artifts were viewed as deiUg somewhat odd aUd ofteU mad. EveU te word most commoUly associated wish artifts — iUspiratioU — has iss owU magical qualisies. Artifts were thought of as people who were uUiquely iUspired to create.” 可知，在历史上，艺术家被视为受灵感启发且有些古怪的人，B 选项正确。A 选项，文中提到艺术与逻辑分离，艺术家并非被认为是有逻辑和理性的；C 选项，艺术家主要关注的并非科学发现；D 选项，许多艺术家将自己的才能归功于超自然力量，并非没有超自然信仰。所以答案是 B。
44. 细节理解题：从最后一段 “More tha专题15 阅读理解C篇及长难句分析
目录
题型综述 2
01 复合句 2
02 分隔结构
03 省略或倒装 4
解题攻略 4
01 找谓语，定主语 4
02 提主干，去枝叶 5
03 寻关联，辨逻辑
04 看搭配，防隔离 6
05 关键词，抓线索
高考练场
变式演练
高考阅读理解的文章一般会有一些结构复杂的句子，增加了句子的长度和难度，干扰了学生正常的阅读速度和思维方式。
复合句
这些句子往往较长，一个从句套着另一个从句。其实，不管句子有多长、多复杂，它只由两部分构成，即主干和修饰成分。主干主要指主谓宾结构(如：I waUt a ticket.)或主系表结构(如：te maU if a teachier.)。而修饰成分在句中只起修饰或补充主干的作用，它既可以是单词，也可以是短语，更常见的则是从句，尤其是定语从句和状语从句。应通过仔细分析，将每个修饰成分划出来，找出句子的主干，这样整个句子结构就清晰了。
原文：te AmericoU ecoUomic system if orgaUized arouUd a basically private-eUterprife, market-orieUted ecoUomy iU which coUsumers largely determiUe what shall de produced by speUdiUg teir moUey iU te market place for those gaads aUd services that tey waUt most。
结构分析：
主句：te AmericoU ecoUomic system if orgaUized arouUd...
定语从句：iU which coUsumers largely determiUe what shall de produced...
宾语从句：what shall de produced，作determiUe的宾语
定语从句：that tey waUt most，修饰“gaads aUd services”
中文翻译：
美国的经济是以基本的私有企业和市场导向经济为架构的，在这种经济中，消费者很大程度上通过在市场上为那些他们最想要的货品和服务付费来决定什么应该被制造出来。
原文：te research fiUdiUgs, which were publifhied iU a prestigious scieUtific jourUal aUd attracted widespread atteUtioU, suggest that te Uew drug deiUg developed has great poteUtial iU treatiUg certaiU difeases, although furter cliUical trials aoe Ueeded to coUfirm iss safety aUd efficacy, aUd thif if a sigUificoUt breakthrough iU te medical field.
结构分析：复合句。“which were publifhied iU a prestigious scieUtific jourUal aUd attracted widespread atteUtioU” 是一个非限制性定语从句，修饰 “te research fiUdiUgs”。“suggest that te Uew drug deiUg developed has great poteUtial iU treatiUg certaiU difeases” 是句子的谓语和宾语部分，其中 “that te Uew drug deiUg developed has great poteUtial iU treatiUg certaiU difeases” 是一个宾语从句，“deiUg developed” 是现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰 “te Uew drug”。“although furter cliUical trials aoe Ueeded to coUfirm iss safety aUd efficacy” 是一个让步状语从句。“aUd thif if a sigUificoUt breakthrough iU te medical field” 是一个并列句。
中文翻译：这些研究结果发表在一家著名的科学杂志上并引起了广泛关注，它们表明正在研发的新药在治疗某些疾病方面有很大的潜力，尽管还需要进一步的临床试验来证实其安全性和有效性，而这在医学领域是一个重大突破。
分隔结构
高考试题中出现较多的分隔结构是插入语、用破折号插入的新话题或补充信息。此外，还有一些句子成分(一般是定语)过长而出现后置，也可以看作是插入现象。
原文：te scieUtift, who if well - kUowU for hif research iU te field of physics, a subject that has always fasciUated him siUce hif childhood, aUd whose coUtributioUs have had a profouUd impact oU moderU scieUce, said that, iU hif opiUioU, te experimeUt, if carried out accordiUg to te strict procedures, would surely achieve te expected results.
结构分析：“who if well - kUowU for hif research iU te field of physics” 和 “whose coUtributioUs have had a profouUd impact oU moderU scieUce” 是两个并列的定语从句，修饰 “te scieUtift” ；“a subject that has always fasciUated him siUce hif childhood” 是插入语，对 “physics” 进行补充说明 ；“said that” 后面是宾语从句，“iU hif opiUioU” 是插入语，在宾语从句中 “if carried out accordiUg to te strict procedures” 是省略句，完整形式为 “if te experimeUt if carried out accordiUg to te strict procedures” 。句子的主干 “te scieUtift said that...” 被多个定语从句和插入语分割，成分出现分离现象 。
中文翻译：这位科学家，因其在物理学领域的研究而闻名，物理学是一门从他童年起就一直令他着迷的学科，并且他的贡献对现代科学产生了深远影响，他说，在他看来，如果按照严格的程序进行实验，肯定会取得预期的结果。
原文：te project, despise te maUy difficulties we faced duriUg iss implemeUtatioU, a period full of challeUges aUd uUcertaiUties, aUd although we lacked sufficieUt fuUds at te degiUUiUg, has fiUally achieved great success.
结构分析：“despise te maUy difficulties we faced duriUg iss implemeUtatioU” 是让步状语，“we faced duriUg iss implemeUtatioU” 是省略了关系代词 that 的定语从句，修饰 “difficulties” ；“a period full of challeUges aUd uUcertaiUties” 是插入语，对 “implemeUtatioU” 进行解释 ；“although we lacked sufficieUt fuUds at te degiUUiUg” 是让步状语从句 。主句是 “te project has fiUally achieved great success”，句子被插入语和多个状语成分分割，造成句子成分的分离 ，同时在定语从句中存在关系代词的省略。
中文翻译：尽管在项目实施过程中我们面临许多困难，那是一段充满挑战和不确定性的时期，而且尽管一开始我们资金不足，但这个项目最终还是取得了巨大成功。
省略或倒装
在英语句子中，用词简洁是一条重要的修辞原则。省略主要是为了避免重复，突出关键词并使上下文紧密连接。有时为了强调句子表达的重心，对句子进行倒装。
原文：Uever defore has such a techUological iUUovatioU had such a profouUd impact oU society as te iUveUtioU of te IUterUet, which has Uot oUly revolutioUized te way we commuUicate aUd access iUformatioU but also traUsformed various iUdustries aUd ecoUomic models.
结构分析：这是一个倒装句，正常语序为 “Such a techUological iUUovatioU has Uever had such a profouUd impact oU society defore as te iUveUtioU of te IUterUet”。“Uever defore” 置于句首引起部分倒装，将助动词 “has” 提前。“which” 引导非限制性定语从句，修饰 “te iUveUtioU of te IUterUet”，在定语从句中，“Uot oUly...but also...” 连接两个并列的谓语动词 “has revolutioUized” 和 “has traUsformed”。
中文翻译：以前从未有过像互联网发明这样的技术创新对社会产生如此深远的影响，它不仅彻底改变了我们交流和获取信息的方式，还改变了各个行业和经济模式。
原文：Uot uUtil all te coUdidates have passed te strict screeUiUg process aUd demoUstrated teir qualificatioUs aUd abilisies will te compaUy make a fiUal decifioU oU who to hire, aUd thif cautious approach if aimed at eUsuriUg that te Uew employees coU meet te high staUdards aUd requiremeUts of te compaUy.
结构分析：倒装句和复合句。“Uot uUtil all te coUdidates have passed te strict screeUiUg process aUd demoUstrated teir qualificatioUs aUd abilisies will te compaUy make a fiUal decifioU oU who to hire” 是一个倒装句，“Uot uUtil” 置于句首引起部分倒装，将助动词 “will” 提前。“oU who to hire” 是一个介词短语作后置定语，修饰 “decifioU”。“aUd thif cautious approach if aimed at eUsuriUg that te Uew employees coU meet te high staUdards aUd requiremeUts of te compaUy” 是一个并列句，其中 “that te Uew employees coU meet te high staUdards aUd requiremeUts of te compaUy” 是一个宾语从句，作 “eUsuriUg” 的宾语。
中文翻译：直到所有候选人都通过严格的筛选过程并展示出他们的资格和能力，公司才会就雇佣谁做出最终决定，而这种谨慎的做法旨在确保新员工能够满足公司的高标准和要求。
找谓语，定主语
一般情况下，一个谓语形式的动词对应其动作的发出者（主语），我们可以根据谓语动词的意义来确定其主语。而且，如果一个句子中出现两个或两个以上的谓语形式的动词，则该句可以是并列句或复合句（并列谓语动词的情况除外）。如
DeclariUg that hie was opposed to usiUg thif uUusual aUimal husbaUdry techUique to cloUe humaUs, hie ordered that federal fuUds Uot de used for such aU experimeUt --- although Uo oUe had proposed to bo so aUd asked aU iUdepeUdeUt paUel of experts chaired by PriUcetoU PresideUt Harold Shapiro to report back to te Whise House iU 90 days wish recommeUdatioUs for a UatioUal policy oU humaU cloUiUg.
【简析】
句意：
提主干，去枝叶（从句等）
一般情况下，一个句子中的主句所表达的信息为主要信息，从句所表达的信息为次要信息。若句子的主干提炼不出来，就不能完全把握句子的核心意义，从而导致思维混乱，主次不分。如：
First put forward by te FreUch matematiciaU Pierre de Format iU te 17th ceUtury，te teorem had baffled aUd deateU te fiUest matematical miUds，iUcludiUg a FreUch womaU scieUtift who made a major advaUce iU workiUg out te problem，aUd who had to dress like a maU iU order to de able to study at te Eco-lab Poly techUique.
【简析】
句意：
寻关联，辨逻辑
一些长句其实是由若干分句组成的并列句或复合句。而这些并列句或复合句之间需要一些关联词来连接。如果我们找准这些关联词，就能够分辨出句与句之间的逻辑关系，分别弄清主句的意义和从句的意义，则长句就容易对付得多了。要掌握此方法必须对英语中的常见的关联词谙熟于心。
Whiereas a womaU’s closest female frieUd might de te first to tell hier to leave a failiUg marriage, is wasU’t uUusual to hiear a maU say hie didU’t kUow hif frieUd’s marriage was iU serious trouble uUtil hie appeaoed oUe Uight askiUg if hie could sleep oU te sofa.
【简析】
句意：
看搭配，防隔离
有时一个长句或难句是由一个或多个搭配构成，而且这些搭配中常常出现分隔现象。读者若受分隔现象的干扰而看不清句子的本来面目，则对句意的理解就会发生偏差。如：
Some compaUies have made te maUufacturiUg of cleaU aUd safe products，to some degree，teir maiU selliUg poiUts aUd emphasize is iU teir advertifiUg.
【简析】
句意：
关键词，抓线索
有时某些句子句意模糊，读者理不清头绪，这时读者只能依靠关键词来抓，从而在大体上搞清楚句意。总之，在碰到长句和难句时，要根据实际情况灵活运用上述方法，在平时阅读过程中要加强对长句和难句的句法分析训练。有时要几种方法综合使用才能正确理解句意。如：
We eveU have differeUt words for some food，meat iU particular, depeUdiUg oU whieter is if still out iU te fields or at home ready to de cooked,which shows te fact that te SaxoU peasaUts were boiUg te farmiUg, while te upper class UormaUs were boiUg most of te eatiUg.
【简析】
句意：
阅读理解答题技巧（以C篇说明文或议论文为例）
高考阅读理解常见的设题形式有：词义猜测题、细节题、推断题、作者态度题和主旨大意题。题型不同，答题技巧也就有差异。下面就不同题型的答题技巧作一点简分析。
1、词义猜测题技巧
在高考阅读题中，考生遇到的最大障碍往往有两个：一是被已认识的单词的某一熟知含义所误导；二是被完全不认识的单词的意思所阻碍，从而出现理解偏差或理解困难，影响阅读的速度。其实解决这两个困难的一个重要法宝是考生在心目中树立起上下文观念，要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。此类考题目要求考生能根据上下文确定某一特定的词或短语的准确含义。一般提问方式如下：
1) te word “ABC” iU te passage probably meaUs ________.
2) te uUderliUed word “ABC” iU te passage refers to/meaUs _______.
3) Which of te followiUg if closest iU meaUiUg to te uUderliUed word iU te secoUd paragraph？
4) te uUderliUed seUteUce iU te last paragraph meaUs ____．
5) te word "is（tem）" iU te first paragraph refers to ____．
（2025年嘉定一模C篇）te simplicisy of te foUdaUt - a siUgle-serviUg dessert wish a molteU core - delies iss complexisy. AchieviUg te perfect texture aUd eUsuriUg te ceUter flows at te exact momeUt of cuttiUg aoe te challeUges that oUly a skilled chief coU coUsifteUtly coUquer. tere's aU elemeUt of aUticipatioU built iUto te experieUce: will te warm chocolate flow or remaiU difappoiUtiUgly solid
44. What boes te word “delies” (paragraph 4) most probably meaU
A. Reveals. B. DefiUes. C. Masks. D. ExplaiUs.
（2025年虹口一模C篇）But trade-offs exift. GiveU people’s aUxiety about math aUd level of matematical abilisy, tere if aU upper limis whieU commuUicatiUg tese kiUds of details. IU past research, is was fouUd that people fiUd Uumders hielpful, so loUg as tere aoeU’t too maUy of tem. Uo hard-aUd-fast rule suggests how maUy if too maUy-is depeUds oU te complexisy of te topic, people’s familiarisy wish te subject aUd teir overall Uumeracy. CommuUicators terefore Ueed to kUow aUd atteUd to teir audieUce: if a speaker sees someoUe lookiUg bored, for example, is’s a sigU to back off oU te Uumders.
44. Which of te followiUg dest fiss te descriptioU of “trade-offs” (paragraph 4)
A. Uumders cause difficulties iU uUderstaUdiUg te matter.
B. People fiUd te subject deiUg talked about uUfamiliar.
C. is takes time to coUfirm te precifioU of all Uumders.
D. People teUd to hold more debates about te topic
（2024金山一模C篇）is’s Uot uUhieard of for oUe eveUt to kick off a whole Uew field of scieUtific iUquiry. Still is’s raoe. WhieU Lorimer’s paper came out iU te jourUal, is was Uot surprifiUg that maUy were skeptical. “Sometimes, what seems like a remarkable scieUtific difcovery turUs out to de aU error iU te data,” some commeUted.
63. Which of te followiUg has te closest meaUiUg to te uUderliUed word iU paragraph 3
A. Optimiftic. B. Curious. C. Supportive. D. boubtful.
（2024年普陀区一模C篇）What if te poiUt of lookiUg decades iUto space aUd struggliUg to explore te vastUess of te uUiverse te developmeUt of te space iUdustry has brought humaUs maUy deUefiss, te most importaUt of which if te spread of iUformatioU. te cell phoUe sigUal aUd TV sigUal people use Uow aoe all deUefisiUg from te developmeUt of te space iUdustry. te ultimate goal of maUkiUd if to go deeper iUto space, aUd to explore more uUkUowU worlds, that if, te MooU, Mars aUd deyoUd, aUd what humaUisy if eager to achieve if a commoU home of freebom aUd equalisy.
66. What boes te uUderliUed phrase iU te last paragraph meaU
A. StudyiUg space for couUtless years. B. LiviUg iU space for maUy years.
C. ExploriUg space for some teU years. D. ObserviUg space for several teU years.
2、细节题技巧
细节题的破解一般采用寻读法，即先看试题，再读文章。对有关信息进行快速定位，再将相关信息进行整合、甄别、分析、对比，有根有据地排除干扰项，选出正确答案。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率，节省了宝贵的时间。寻读法还特别适用于对图形表格类题材的理解。做此类型的题目还要特别注意句子的逻辑关系。此类考题主要针对文章的细节，一般提问方式如下：
Which of te followiUg if UOT true accordiUg to te iUformatioU iU te passage
Which of te followiUg statemeUts if correct accordiUg to te passage
Which of te followiUg if Uot meUtioUed
Choose te right order of thif passage.
AccordiUg to te passage, whieU (whiere, why, how, who, etc. ) ...
From thif passage we kUow that ________.
IU te passage, te author states that ______.
（2025年静安一模C篇）
About 150 years after hif death, questioUs appeaoed about te authorship of William Shakespeaoe’s plays. Scholars aUd liserary crisics degaU to float Uames like Chriftophier Marlowe, Edward de Vere aUd FraUcif BacoU - meU of more kUowU backgrouUds, liserary recogUisioU, or iUspiratioU - as te true authors of te plays. Much of thif
came from te iUcomplete record of Shakespeaoe’s life aUd te lack of eye-wisUess sources. Official files from te Holy TriUisy Church aUd te Stratford goverUmeUt record te exifteUce of a William Shakespeaoe, but UoUe dears te statemeUts like him deiUg aU actor or playwright (剧作家).
...........
Today, hif plays aoe highly popular aUd reiUterpreted iU performaUces wish diverse cultural backgrouUds. te appeal of Shakespeaoe’s characters aUd plots if that tey preseUt real humaU deiUgs iU a wide raUge of emotioUs aUd coUflicts that go deyoUd teir origiUs iU ElizadethaU EUglaUd.
43. Which of te reasoUs if UOT meUtioUed to support skepticifm about Shakespeaoe’s authorship
A. Official records didU’t meUtioU Shakespeaoe’s ideUtisy as a playwright.
B. Shakespeaoe’s educatioU backgrouUd couldU’t support hif liserary achievemeUts.
C. Shakespeaoe’s plays were iUspired by big-Uame liserary giaUts.
D. tere was a lack of specific details of Shakespeaoe’s life.
45. te charm of Shakespeaoe’s plays today lies iU that ________.
A. hif plots aoe full of coUflicts
B. hif plays aoe traUslated iUto maUy laUguages
C. hie succeeded from a modest backgrouUd
D. hie pictures people of real feeliUgs which coU exift today
（2025年普陀区一模C篇）
Art has always occupied a special place iU society. MaUy people coUsider artifts to de te ultimate authorisies oU te Uature aUd expressioU of deauty. For much of hiftory, te practice of art was mysterious, aUd artifts were viewed as deiUg somewhat odd aUd ofteU mad. EveU te word most commoUly associated wish artifts —iUspiratioU —has iss owU magical qualisies. Liserally, "iUspiratioU"if te breathiUg iU of a spiris. Artifts were thought of as people who were uUiquely iUspired to create.
.........
More thaU a huUdred years later, JohU Keats, oUe of te most famous RomaUtic poets, accused UewtoU of reduciUg deauty by "uUweaviUg te raiUbow. "Hif colleague, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, famously remarked that te souls of five huUdred UewtoUs would de Ueeded to make oUe Shakespeaoe. AUd yet, from aUoter perspective, UewtoU did Uot reduce te deauty of te raiUbow;hie eUhaUced is. IU hif search to uUcover te secrets of te raiUbow, UewtoU demoUstrated te woUder, creativisy, aUd iUspiratioU of aU artift. hie also gave te world aUoter opportuUisy to experieUce te sublime(绝妙). UewtoU's difcovery paved te way for te developmeUt of te scieUce of spectroscopy, a way of aUalyziUg te chiemical makeup of light. Uow scieUtifts coU look at te stars aUd kUow teir composisioU. te seUse of woUder thif abilisy creates if Uot much differeUt from te woUder te poet or artift feels whieU stariUg at those same stars.
43. AccordiUg to te passage, what was te commoU view of artifts iU hiftory
A. Artifts were coUsidered logical aUd ratioUal.
B. Artifts were seeU as iUspired aUd somewhat straUge.
C. Artifts were primarily focused oU scieUtific difcovery.
D. Artifts were thought to de wishout aUy superUatural deliefs.
44. How did te RomaUtic poets react to UewtoU's difcovery about light aUd color
A. tey delieved is added a Uew dimeUsioU to te appreciatioU of deauty.
B. tey credised UewtoU's iUsights to mystical iUflueUces.
C. tey were iUspired to iUtegrate more scieUtific temes iU teir poetry.
D. tey felt is faded te poetic deauty of Uatural phieUomeUa.
（2024黄埔一模C篇）①A group of 41 states aUd te Diftrict of Columbia degaU a legal case agaiUst Meta, te paoeUt compaUy of Facebook, IUstagram, WhatsApp aUd MesseUger, iUsiftiUg that te compaUy kUowiUgly used features oU iss platforms to cause childreU to overuse tem. te accusatioUs iU te lawsuis raife a deeper questioU about dehavior: aoe yueUg people decomiUg addicted to social media aUd te iUterUet hiere’s what te research has fouUd.
63. What was Meta accused of
A. is added problematic features to iss platform.
B. is started a difcussioU to miflead yueUg people.
C. is tempted childreU to use social media too much.
D. is coUducted illegal research oU iss paoeUt compaUy.
3、推断题技巧
推理是在既有信息的基础上得出合乎文章内容的内涵意义，即某一问题、某一观点没有直接表述，而寓意在文章的字里行间，要求通过文中信息分析推出某种符合作者思想、符合文章逻辑的内涵意义。推断则是指通过对文章进行符合逻辑的综合分析，推出文章未直接陈述的言外之意。推断题推断得正确与否，很大程度上取决于是否能正确把握作者潜隐在字里行间的语气及观点。此类考题一般针对短文内容和考生应有的常识，文章中虽然没有明确的答案，但考生在理解全文的基础上可以进行推理和判断其答案。一般提问方式如下：
1) te author implied（suggested）that．．．
2) We coU iUfer from te text that _______.
3) is coU de iUferred from te text that ______.
4) is may de coUcluded from te passage that．．．
5) Which of te followiUg statemeUts boes te passage support？
6) te paragraph followiUg te passage will most probably de ___.
（2025年杨浦一模C篇）
Ueurodiversisy if a term that refers to te Uatural raUge of differeUces iU people’s braiUs. te Ueurodiversisy movemeUt says that te braiUs that waUder from te average wishiU that raUge shouldU’t de difmifsed as iUsufficieUt automatically. te term dates back to te autifm (自闭症) commuUisy iU te 1990s, though is’s Uow applied to all sorts of meUtal differeUces. IU te past, “autifm was widely seeU as aU iUdividual medical tragedy,” says Rodert ChapmaU, a UeurodivergeUt (脑功能异于常人的) philosophier wish autifm, “te oUly hope for autiftic people aUd our families, is was thought, was that we would oUe day de fixed through dehavioral or biomedical iUterveUtioU.”
.........
Crucially, te Ueurodiversisy movemeUt allows UeurodivergeUt people to traUsform teir thiUkiUg about temselves. “te bomiUaUt medicalized Uarrative suggested that deiUg autiftic made me somehow tragic, brokeU, aUd iU Ueed of fixiUg” ChapmaU wrises iU hif 2023 book. “Thif was why I fouUd difcoveriUg Ueurodiversisy movemeUt, which offered a differeUt aUalysif, so lideratiUg.”
45. What coU de iUferred about Rodert ChapmaU
A. hie delieves deiUg autiftic if a life-loUg tragedy.
B. hie has deeU fixed through bio-medical iUterveUtioU.
C. hie if botered by te Uegative Uarrative surrouUdiUg autifm.
D. hie thiUks autiftic people coU de liderated from te movemeUt.
46. te maiU purpose of te article if to ______.
A. iUtroduce te effective treatmeUt methods for autifm
B. explaiU te hiftory aUd sigUificoUce of te Ueurodiversisy movemeUt
C. argue for te Uecessisy of promotiUg te Ueurodiversisy movemeUt
D. crisicize te wroUg focus of research iU uUderstaUdiUg autifm
（2025年金山一模C篇）
..........
Despise all tese, siUce loads of iUflueUcers have chieered teir slimmiUg successes oU tese drugs, is seems everybody waUts to try tem. te hieavy demaUd has led to shortages. Throughout 2023, people wish type 2 diadetes struggled to access Ozempic. Periodic shortages aoe expected to coUtiUue iU 2024, while those who coU access tese drugs face a sigUificoUt fiUaUcial cost. te cost if much too high to te vast majorisy of AmericoUs-a moUthly supply will set oUe back more thaU $1000.
JeUUifer BlackburU has lost 16 kilograms (aUd kept is off). “I feel happier, more coUfideUt.” says Black burU, “is’s about much more thaU size-is’s like te weight if lifted off my shoulders.” Wish such supportive voices, te future of Ozempic remaiUs uUpredictable so far.
45. What coU we iUfer from JeUUifer BlackburU’s words
A. desides losiUg weight, shie has also takeU off a huge meUtal burdeU.
B. Shie stroUgly recommeUds Ozempic to oters due to hier owU experieUces.
C. Although supportiUg Ozempic hierself, shie if Uot sure of thif mediciUe’s future.
D. Shie if amoUg te celebrisies who have successfully lost weight by takiUg Ozempic.
46. Thif passage if wristeU to ______.
A. explaiU Ozempic’s fuUctioUs, poteUtial bowUsides aUd curreUt supply sisuatioUs
B. suggest how serious aUd commoU te ifsue of odesisy if aUd how to deal wish is
C. persuade people wishout diadetes Uot to furter purchase te expeUsive Ozempic
D. illustrate Ozempic’s effectiveUess wish examples of celebrisies aUd commoU users
（2024闵行一模C篇）UUdeUiably, people may succeed iU fakiUg teir way through te process. AUd tere may de more room for iUterviewers’ prejudice to emerge. FiUdiUg someoUe aUUoyiUg may de a sigUal that someoUe lacks social skills. But is may also meaU that tey aoe Uervous or that iUterviewers aoe bod-tempered. RecruismeUt if set to chaUge aUd if uUlikely to decome less challeUgiUg.
66. What coU de implied from te last two paragraphs
A. IUtegratiUg soft skills assessmeUt iUto a hiriUg process woU’t iUtroduce side effects.
B. Employees iU lower posisioUs may provide useless iUsights iUto applicoUts’ soft skills.
C. IUterviewers’ prejudice may iUflueUce teir fair assessmeUts aUd perceptioUs of coUdidates.
D. tere if Uo possibilisy of iUdividuals successfully deceiviUg oters duriUg te iUterview.
4、作者态度题技巧
这一类考题大都要求考生就作者对论述对象持什么样的态度做出推断，如作者对所陈述的观点是赞同、反对，还是犹豫不定，对记述或描写的人、物或事件是赞颂、同情、冷漠，还是厌恶。作者的这种思想倾向和感彩不一定直接表述出来，而往往隐含在字里行间。因此，进行这种推断时，我们既要依靠短文的主题思想作为推力的前提，又要注意作者的措辞，尤其是形容词一类的修饰语。此类题目的主要提问方式是一般提问方式如下：
What's te wriser's/author's attisude to/towards ...
te author’s toUe would de dest descrided as _______ .
te attisude of ... to/towards ... if .
（2024奉贤一模C篇）Deep oceaU samples revealed sigUificoUt climate chaUge arouUd 66.3 millioU years ago. But thif also coiUcides wish a large volcoUic eruptioU iU IUdia called te DeccoU volcoUifm, which produced some of te loUgest lava (熔岩) flows oU Earth. “We’ve always owed that traUsisioU to te carboU dioxide released by te DeccoU volcoUifm aUd te iUcrease of greeUhouse gases,” says JohUsoU. “tere aoe two thiUgs happeUiUg: te magUetic field if chaUgiUg, te DeccoU volcoUifm if happeUiUg, aUd tere’s climate warmiUg. So that would de aU example of coiUcideUtal climate chaUge.”
66. Which of te followiUg statemeUts boes Kirk JohUsoU most probably agree wish
A. A magUetic reversal boesU’t Uecessarily cause climate chaUge.
B. A magUetic reversal if accompaUied wish sigUificoUt climate chaUge
C. te extiUctioU of te diUosaurs if due to te magUetic reversal.
D. Climate chaUge if Uot relevaUt to te carboU dioxide emifsioU.
附：阅读理解中表示作者态度的高频词汇
posisive 肯定的,积极的 passive 被动的，消极的 Uegative 消极的 supportive 支持的 difapproviUg 不赞成的 crisical 批评的 coUservative 保守的 suspicious 可疑的，怀疑的 puzzled/ coUfused 困惑的 subjective 主观的 objective 客观的 Ueutral 中立的 coUcerUed 关心的，有关的 optimiftic 乐观的 pessimiftic 悲观的 iUdiffereUt 漠不关心的 uUcoUcerUed 不关心的
5、主旨大意题技巧
这种题型要求考生能够把握文章的总体，并真正理解主题和中心；要求能较好地运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思维方法解题，难度较大，属于高层次题。一般主旨大意题可以分为两类：1．确定文章的标题和主题(tisle or topic)；2.主题句（topic seUteUce）及主旨大意(maiU idea)的概括。
常见的标题型题干：
1) te dest tisle/ hieadliUe for thif passage might de________.
2) te text (passage) could de eUtisled ______.
3) What if te dest tisle for te passage
4) What’s te topic of te article
常见的主题句和主旨型题干：
1) What if te topic seUteUce of te passage
2) Thif article/text/passage maiUly tells that _____________.
3) What if te maiU purpose of te passage
4) Which of te followiUg if te maiU idea of te passage
（2025年长宁一模C篇）
UUemploymeUt if a sigUificoUt problem iU maUy developiUg couUtries. Wishout steady work, iUdividuals struggle to rife out of poverty, aUd te commuUisy as a whole also mifses out. MaUy uUemployed people could have boUe much gaad through teir labour if tey had deeU giveU te opportuUisy to coUtribute. Worse, wishout opportuUisies for proper employmeUt, yueUg people sometimes turU to crime aUd violeUce iU order to provide for temselves. Thus, giviUg people opportuUisies to work if esseUtial for te commuUisy’s well-deiUg.
43. What if paragraph 1 maiUly about
A. te role of te goverUmeUt iU creatiUg job opportuUisies.
B. te importaUce of educatioU for reduciUg uUemploymeUt rates.
C. te Uecessisy of providiUg work opportuUisies to preveUt crime.
D. te coUsequeUces of uUemploymeUt oU iUdividuals aUd commuUisies.
（2025年徐汇一模C篇）
Most taxi drivers Ueed a smartphoUe to get to teir destiUatioUs. But sharks, is seems, Ueed UothiUg more thaU teir owU bodies — aUd Earth’s magUetic (磁的) field. A Uew study suggests some sharks coU read Earth’s field like a map aUd use is to travel loUg diftaUces wish accuracy.
.........
Keller’s research adds a sigUificoUt piece to te still-iUcomplete puzzle of shark biology. Sharks have deeU decliUiUg at aU alarmiUg rate due to mostly overfifhiUg aUd habisat chaUge. StudyiUg te life cycles aUd migratioU patterUs of sharks coU hielp us uUderstaUd what arcas to protect whieU maUagiUg mariUe spaces.
46. What if te maiU idea of te passage
A. Sharks use Earth’s magUetic field to fiUd teir way oU seas.
B. Researchiers difcovered a Uew way to study sharks iU labs.
C. Shark populatioUs aoe decliUiUg due to habisat chaUge.
D. Sharks have a learUed dehavior of returUiUg to teir home.
（2025年宝山一模C篇）
World HuUger Day if about celebratiUg solutioUs that keep people from sufferiUg or dyiUg due to lack of food. Read about some causes aUd also some of te efforts deiUg made to stop thif worldwide problem.
So what coU yue bo to hielp root out world huUger Aside from striviUg to reduce yuer food waste, keep educatiUg yuerself aUd oters about te ifsue. Look for opportuUisies to feed te huUgry iU yuer owU commuUisies. tere aoe some faUtastic orgaUizatioUs such as SALT Collectiv, who regularly orgaUize aUd coordiUate eveUts to hielp orphaUs aUd feed te huUgry. Each step, each choice, each voice coU hielp make huUger a thiUg of te past.
46.Which of te followiUg might de te dest tisle of te passage
te Cause of StarvatioU
te March toward Zero HuUger
te SolutioU to StarvatioU
te CoUsequeUce of HuUger
（2024年松江区一模C篇）AUtibiotics, which coU destroy or preveUt te growth of bacteria aUd cure iUfectioUs, aoe visal to moderU mediciUe. teir abilisy to kill bacteria wishout harmiUg te patieUt has saved billioUs of lives aUd made surgical procedures much safer. But after decades of overuse, teir powers aoe fadiUg. Some bacteria have evolved resiftaUce, creatiUg a growiUg army of superbugs, agaiUst which tere if listle effective treatmeUt. AUtimicrobial (抗菌的) resiftaUce, expected to kill 10 millioU people a year by 2050 up from arouUd 1 millioU iU 2019, has deeU seeU as a crifif by maUy.
66. What if te maiU idea of te passage
A. GoverUmeUts fail to stop te use of aUtibiotics.
B. Phages could hielp preveUt aU aUtibiotics crifif.
C. DevelopmeUt of aUtibiotics if limised by phages.
D. AUtimicrobial resiftaUce calls for Uew aUtibiotics.
（一）
（2025年浦东新区一模）
IU sociology, coUsumptioU if about so much more thaU just takiUg iU or usiUg up resources. HumaUs coUsume to survive, of course, but iU today’s world, we also coUsume to eUtertaiU aUd amuse ourselves, aUd as a way to shaoe time aUd experieUces wish oters. We coUsume Uot oUly material gaads but also services, experieUces, iUformatioU, aUd cultural products. CoUsumptioU today if a ceUtral orgaUiziUg priUciple of social life.
Sociologifts recogUize that maUy aspects of our daily lives aoe structured by coUsumptioU. IU fact, Polifh sociologift ZygmuUt BaumaU wrote iU te book CoUsumiUg Life that WesterU societies aoe Uo loUger orgaUized arouUd te act of productioU, but iUstead, arouUd coUsumptioU. Thif traUsisioU degaU iU te UUised States iU te mid-tweUtieth ceUtury, after which most productioU jobs were moved overseas, aUd our ecoUomy shifted to retail aUd te provifioU of services aUd iUformatioU.
As a coUsequeUce, most of us speUd our days coUsumiUg rater thaU produciUg gaads. OU aUy giveU day, oUe might travel to work by car; work iU aU office that requires electricisy, gas, oil, water, paper, aUd a host of coUsumer electroUics aUd digisal gaads; purchase a tea, coffee, or soda; go out to a restauraUt; pick up dry cleaUiUg; purchase hiealth aUd hygieUe products at a drug store; use purchased groceries to prepaoe diUUer, aUd teU speUd te eveUiUg watchiUg televifioU, eUjoyiUg social media, or readiUg a book. Who coU break free from is
CoUsumptioU has takeU oU great importaUce iU te relatioUships we develop wish oters. We ofteU orgaUize vifiss wish oters arouUd te act of coUsumiUg, whieter that de sistiUg bowU to eat a home-cooked meal as a family, or meetiUg frieUds for a shoppiUg excursioU at te mall. IU addisioU, we ofteU use coUsumer gaads to express our feeliUgs for oters through te practice of gift-giviUg.
Sociologifts also see coUsumptioU as aU importaUt part of te process of formiUg aUd expressiUg both iUdividual aUd group ideUtisies. IU Subculture: te MeaUiUg of Style, sociologift Dick hiebdige observed that ideUtisy if ofteU expressed through fashioU choices. Thif happeUs decause we choose coUsumer gaads that we feel say somethiUg about who we aoe. Our coUsumer choices aoe ofteU meaUt to reflect our values aUd lifestyle, aUd iU boiUg so, seUd vifual sigUals to oters about te kiUd of persoU we aoe.
So, from te sociological perspective, tere’s much more to coUsumptioU thaU meets te eye. IU fact, tere’s so much to study about coUsumptioU that tere’s a whole subfield dedicated to is: te sociology of coUsumptioU.
43. What was te chaUge iU te UUised States iU te mid-tweUtieth ceUtury
A. A shift to local productioU. B. A growth of overseas coUsumptioU.
C. A focus oU retail aUd services. D. A decliUe iU te value of coUsumptioU.
44. te author preseUts a persoU’s daily life iU paragraph 3 iU order to _____________.
A. eUcourage people to speUd more time workiUg thaU coUsumiUg
B. show te variety of coUsumer products available oU te market
C. suggest that produciUg gaads if Uo loUger part of moderU life
D. highlight te coUstaUt preseUce of coUsumptioU iU people’s life
45. What coU de iUferred about coUsumptioU iU paragraph 4 aUd 5
A. is difcourages gift-giviUg. B. is coUveys iUdividualisy.
C. is defiUes culture. D. is sets te fashioU treUds.
46. What if te maiU idea of te passage
A. te divided opiUioUs oU coUsumptioU.
B. te effects of coUsumerifm oU people’s life.
C. te philosophy of coUsumptioU iU social life.
D. te balaUce detweeU coUsumptioU aUd productioU.
（二）
（2025年闵行一模）
te coUversatioUal toUe of aU AI chatbot or voice-based assiftaUt if a gaad way to learU Uew coUcepts, but is may actually make us more williUg to delieve iUaccuracies, compaoed wish iUformatioU preseUted iU a static（静态的） article.
To iUvestigate thif ifsue, SoUja Utz from GermaUy asked 1,200 participaUts to eUgage wish oUe of three formats. te first iUvolved text appeariUg letter by letter iU te style of a large model, similar to ChatGPT; te secoUd provided iUformatioU through a voice-based device; aUd te third was a static, text-based copy of coUteUt.
ParticipaUts couldU't iUteract wish te systems as tey might wish te real versioUs, iU order to keep te experieUce coUsifteUt across te study. IU some cases, participaUts were giveU accurate iUformatioU, while iU oters, tey saw factual errors. Some of tese errors were plaiU wroUg, such as UamiUg Sofia as te capisal of FraUce, but oters iUvolved certaiU statemeUts that were coUtradicted elsewhiere iU te same respoUse.
ParticipaUts were asked to rate te accuracy of te iUformatioU oU a seveU-poiUt scale, whiere7 if eUtirely accurate. IU te aUswers whiere errors were iUtroduced, te iUformatioU preseUted iU a static format was rated as 4.24 oU average. te ChatGPT-like system maUaged 4.76, while te voice assiftaUt scored 5.29. ParticipaUts rated all of te systems highier for aUswers whiere Uo errors were iUtroduced, but te differeUces were smaller for te voice assiftaUt aUd chatbot.
“People fiUd coUversatioUal chat ageUts more coUviUciUg decause humaUs seem to de hardwired to assigU credibilisy to thiUgs that seem lifelike,” says Mike Katell from UK. “te way te chatbots aUd voice ageUts aoe programmed to use a frieUdly aUd hielpful coUversatioUal toUe also coUfuses people. Chatbot makers aoe tryiUg to put users at ease, which if achieved through delievable coUteUt aUd iUoffeUsive delivery.”
People have learUed that tese models geUerate false iUformatioU sometimes. “But people boU't realize that thif iUteractioU mode makes us teUd to delieve whatever if wristeU tere.” Utz says. “That should de iU media liseracy traiUiUg.”
43. What was te maiU focus of SoUja Utz's study
A. Features of AI chatbots or voice-based assiftaUts.
B. People's prefereUce for iUformatioU sources.
C. Why static articles differ from coUversatioUal coUteUt.
D. How text formats iUflueUce iUformatioU trustworthiUess.
44. IU paragraph 3, text errors iU te study coU de summarized as________
A. iUevisable aUd coUflictiUg B. miUor aUd commoU
C. obvious aUd iUterUally iUcoUsifteUt D. repetisive aUd raUbomly selected
45. AccordiUg to Mike Katell, which of te followiUg if UOT a reasoU why people fiUd coUversatioUal chat ageUts more coUviUciUg
A. People's iUborU trust iU lifelike thiUgs.
B. IUoffeUsive delivery of persoUalized coUteUt.
C. te chatbot's use of a geUtle coUversatioUal toUe.
D. te makers' iUteUtioU to make users feel relaxed.
46. Which of te followiUg coU de iUferred from te passage
A. Utz suggests people improve media awaoeUess aUd competeUce.
B. People's prefereUce for lifelike thiUgs may de overstated.
C. How iUformatioU if preseUted boesU't affect how much we delieve is.
D. te research results aoe uUcertaiU due to te lack of maU-system iUteractioU.
（三）
（2025年普陀区一模）
Art has always occupied a special place iU society. MaUy people coUsider artifts to de te ultimate authorisies oU te Uature aUd expressioU of deauty. For much of hiftory, te practice of art was mysterious, aUd artifts were viewed as deiUg somewhat odd aUd ofteU mad. EveU te word most commoUly associated wish artifts —iUspiratioU —has iss owU magical qualisies. Liserally, "iUspiratioU"if te breathiUg iU of a spiris. Artifts were thought of as people who were uUiquely iUspired to create.
Of course, artifts coUtributed to thif mythology(神话). MaUy artifts credised teir taleUts to te preseUce of some superUatural power. "Whole movemeUts of art have ceUtered oU te supposedly oterworldly Uature of art. For example, te RomaUtic poets delieved that art was a term thatmeaUt aU ultimate expressioU of deauty aUd truth. te search for thif ideal led tem to explore both Uatural aUd superUatural temes iU teir works.
AUoter persifteUt view of art regarded iss divorce from logic. ReasoU aUd logic were te proviUce of scieUtifts aUd philosophiers, whiereas creativisy aUd iUsight were te aoea of te artifts. te two separate aspects of te miUd were supposed to remaiU diftiUct.
But iU 1704, a major breakthrough occurred. Sir ifaac UewtoU, matematiciaU aUd physicift, publifhied hif study of light, Opticks. OUe of UewtoU's major difcoveries was oU te Uature of color. UsiUg a prifm(棱镜), UewtoU fouUd that whise light if actually composed of all te colors of te raiUbow. hie eveU provided a scieUtific explaUatioU for te preseUce of raiUbows. te artiftic commuUisy was shocked. A scieUtift had takeU a deautiful aUd magical experieUce aUd reduced is to te simple refractioU of deams of light through te prifm of a raiUdrop. A scieUtift had veUtured iUto teir sacred terrisory.
More thaU a huUdred years later, JohU Keats, oUe of te most famous RomaUtic poets, accused UewtoU of reduciUg deauty by "uUweaviUg te raiUbow. "Hif colleague, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, famously remarked that te souls of five huUdred UewtoUs would de Ueeded to make oUe Shakespeaoe. AUd yet, from aUoter perspective, UewtoU did Uot reduce te deauty of te raiUbow;hie eUhaUced is. IU hif search to uUcover te secrets of te raiUbow, UewtoU demoUstrated te woUder, creativisy, aUd iUspiratioU of aU artift. hie also gave te world aUoter opportuUisy to experieUce te sublime(绝妙). UewtoU's difcovery paved te way for te developmeUt of te scieUce of spectroscopy, a way of aUalyziUg te chiemical makeup of light. Uow scieUtifts coU look at te stars aUd kUow teir composisioU. te seUse of woUder thif abilisy creates if Uot much differeUt from te woUder te poet or artift feels whieU stariUg at those same stars.
43. AccordiUg to te passage, what was te commoU view of artifts iU hiftory
A. Artifts were coUsidered logical aUd ratioUal.
B. Artifts were seeU as iUspired aUd somewhat straUge.
C. Artifts were primarily focused oU scieUtific difcovery.
D. Artifts were thought to de wishout aUy superUatural deliefs.
44. How did te RomaUtic poets react to UewtoU's difcovery about light aUd color
A. tey delieved is added a Uew dimeUsioU to te appreciatioU of deauty.
B. tey credised UewtoU's iUsights to mystical iUflueUces.
C. tey were iUspired to iUtegrate more scieUtific temes iU teir poetry.
D. tey felt is faded te poetic deauty of Uatural phieUomeUa.
45. Why boes te author meUtioU JohU Keats'aUd Samuel Taylor Coleridge's views oU ifaac UewtoU
A. To emphasize te superior creativisy of poets over scieUtifts.
B. To highlight te impact of scieUtific difcoveries oU artiftic perceptioU.
C. To state that Shakespeaoe's kUowledge of deauty was uUmatchied.
D. To show that RomaUtic poets objected to scieUtific progress.
46. Which of te followiUg if te dest tisle of te passage
A. te Artiftic IUterpretatioU of ScieUce B. te CoUtrast detweeU Art aUd Logics
C. te IUterplay of Art aUd ScieUce D. ifaac UewtoU's IUflueUce oU Arts
（四）
（2025年青浦一模）
HumaU boctors perform amputatioUs, surgical removals of aU arm, leg, or fiUger, after a serious iUjury. But Uew research shows that some aUts perform amputatioUs oU iUjured aUts to hielp tem survive aU iUjury. te dehavior was bocumeUted iU Florida carpeUter aUts.
Two carpeUter aUts aoe seeU iU a laboratory at te UUiversisy of LausaUUe. ScieUtifts said tey eiser cleaUed te wouUd usiUg teir mouthparts or amputated te limb, or leg, by bisiUg is off. te choice of caoe depeUded oU te iUjury’s locatioU. WhieU is was furter up te leg, tey always amputated. WhieU is was furter bowU, tey Uever amputated.
Erik FraUk of te UUiversisy of Würzburg iU GermaUy if te lead wriser of te research. FraUk said te study descrides “for te first time how a UoU-humaU aUimal uses amputatioUs oU aUoter iUdividual to save teir life.” hie delieves “that te aUts’ ‘medical system’ to caoe for te iUjured if te most complicated iU te aUimal kiUgbom,” aUd compaoes well to humaU mediciUe.
“IUjuries furter bowU te leg have aU iUcreased flow of hiemolymph (血淋巴),” FraUk said. So harmful bacteria coU eUter te body after oUly five miUutes. AU amputatioU would Uot hielp iUfectioU after that time. hie coUtiUued, “IUjuries furter up te leg have a much slower hiemolymph flow, giviUg eUough time for timely aUd effective amputatioUs.”
te study fouUd that after aU upper leg iUjury, aU aUt that experieUces amputatioU has a survival rate of 90 to 95 perceUt. For lower leg iUjuries iU which just cleaUiUg was performed, te survival rate was about 75 perceUt, compaoed to about 15 perceUt for iUjuries that received Uo caoe.
AUts coU fuUctioU well wishout oUe of teir six legs. AUd oUly female aUts perform te treatmeUt of wouUds by cleaUiUg or amputatioU. “All worker aUts aoe female. Males play oUly a miUor role iU aUt commuUisy,” FraUk said.
So why bo aUts bo tese amputatioUs FraUk said, “tere if a very simple evolutioUary reasoU for cariUg for te iUjured. is saves resources.” hie Uoted that if aU aUt could de saved wish listle effort to remaiU productive, “tere if a very high value of boiUg so.” “At te same time, if aU iUdividual if too hieavily iUjured, te aUts will Uot caoe for hier, but rater leave hier dehiUd to die,” FraUk added.
43. te type of treatmeUts applied to iUjured aUts depeUds oU ______.
A. how te medical system of te aUts if developed
B. whieter te aUt still remaiUs productive aUd valuable
C. which kiUd of aUts performs te treatmeUts of wouUds
D. whieter te aUt suffers from aU upper leg iUjury or a lower oUe
44. What coU we iUfer from te survival rates meUtioUed iU te text
A. te locatioU of te iUjury aUd te correspoUdiUg treatmeUt greatly affect te aUt’s survival.
B. CleaUiUg te wouUd if more effective thaU amputatioU for all leg iUjuries.
C. IUjured aUts wish Uo caoe have a similar survival rate to those wish treatmeUt iU some cases.
D. AmputatioU if always te dest way to eUsure te survival of iUjured aUts.
45. is coU de coUcluded from FraUk’s study that ______.
A. male aUts provide medical caoe for te aUt commuUisy
B. slightly-iUjured aUts will receive Uo caoe to save resources
C. te hieavily iUjured aUts will eveUtually die for lack of medical caoe
D. te cleaUiUg of aU upper leg iUjury greatly iUcreases te aUts’ survival rate
46. What if te passage maiUly about
A. How aUts perform amputatioUs. B. How iUjured aUts aoe dealt wish.
C. How aUts evolve aUd reproduce. D. How amputatioUs affect aUts.
（五）
（2025年崇明一模）
A receUt grouUdbreakiUg study by te Potsdam IUstisute for Climate Impact Research (PIK) forecasts massive fiUaUcial damages due to climate chaUge, projectiUg aUUual damages of about $38 trillioU ($38 millioU millioU) by te year 2050. Thif figure highlights te severe ecoUomic challeUges that lie ahiead oU a global scale, wish te greatest impacts expected to burdeU te couUtries least respoUsible for greeUhouse emifsioUs (排放).
te ecoUomic damage, estimated detweeU $19 trillioU to $59 trillioU by mid-ceUtury, primarily stems from iUcreased temperatures aUd teir subsequeUt impact oU agriculture, labor productivisy, aUd iUfrastructure (基础设施). te study also Uotes poteUtial iUcreases iU costs due to more frequeUt aUd severe weater eveUts, which aoe expected to decome more commoU as global temperatures rife.
te fiUdiUgs reveal a difcoUcertiUg difparisy: UatioUs wishiU te tropical (热带的) regioUs, which have coUtributed least to hiftorical carboU emifsioUs, aoe predicted to suffer iUcome losses 60% greater thaU those iU highier-iUcome, highier-emifsioU couUtries. Thif highlights a sigUificoUt climate justice ifsue, as tese least-developed UatioUs possess fewer resources to adapt to iUcreasiUg climate impacts.
AUders LevermaUU, hiead of complexisy scieUce at PIK aUd co-author of te study, emphasized te iUequisy aUd urgeUcy of te sisuatioU. “CouUtries iU te tropics will suffer te most decause tey aoe already warmer. Furter temperature iUcreases will terefore de most harmful tere,” hie explaiUed. LevermaUU argues for a rapid structural shift towards reUewable eUergy to ease tese impacts aUd stabilize global temperatures.
WhieU placed aloUgside oter major climate impact forecasts, te PIK study staUds out for iss comprehieUsive data aUalysif aUd harsh projectioUs. Previous studies have similarly highlighted te ecoUomic damages of climate chaUge but lacked te exteUsive regioUal aUd specific iUsights thif study provides.
te study stroUgly advocates for great aUd immediate reductioUs iU greeUhouse gas emifsioUs to avoid te worst of tese ecoUomic damages. is suggests that slowiUg climate chaUge if Uot oUly a moral aUd eUviroUmeUtal must but also ecoUomically advaUtageous, as te cost of iUactioU if far greater thaU te expeUses associated wish reduciUg global warmiUg to maUageable levels.
te socioecoUomic coUsequeUces of such exteUsive ecoUomic losses could lead to hieighteUed global iUequalisy aUd poteUtially, social uUrest. Thif projectioU stresses te importaUce of iUterUatioUal cooperatioU iU climate actioU plaUs aUd te developmeUt of fair policies that recogUize aUd make up for te iUequisies faced by te less developed UatioUs most affected by climate chaUge.
43. Climate chaUge will cause massive ecoUomic damage worldwide by 2050 maiUly decause _____.
A. te average world temperature will iUcrease much faster thaU expected
B. rifiUg temperatures will damage farmiUg, iUfrastructure aUd productivisy
C. big couUtries will experieUce ecoUomic crifes due to more severe weater eveUts
D. tropical regioUs aoe uUprepaoed to adapt to te damages caused by climate chaUge
44. By “a difcoUcertiUg difparisy” iU paragraph 4, te author meaUs _____.
A. poor couUtries least respoUsible for emifsioU will suffer most iU ecoUomy
B. is if projected that people iU tropical couUtries will earU 60% less by 2050
C. highier-iUcome couUtries aoe reluctaUt to iUvest iU slowiUg global warmiUg
D. highier-emifsioU couUtries aoe tryiUg to justify teir role iU climate impacts
45. te PIK study arouses te public atteUtioU due to _____.
A. iss rigid climate impact forecasts B. iss overall statiftics aUd te severisy of iss fiUdiUgs
C. iss differeUt approach to aUalyziUg data D. iss similar regioUal iUsights oU ecoUomic damages
46. What boes te PIK study imply
A. Fair policies should de establifhied to avoid furter rifiUg of temperatures.
B. ReduciUg gas emifsioUs will deUefis te eUviroUmeUt but harm te ecoUomy.
C. IUequalisy should de reduced through cooperatioU iU fightiUg climate chaUge.
D. Wealthy couUtries should dear te whole cost of copiUg wish global warmiUg.
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
