专题19 概要写作之记叙文
目录
题型综述 2
解题攻略 3
高考练场 6
变式演练 11
（一）题型解读
1. 题型特点
材料类型：通常为一篇完整的记叙文，内容涉及人物、事件、时间、地点和情感等要素。
写作要求：要求考生根据原文内容，用简洁的语言概括文章的主要内容，通常要求在60词左右。
评分标准：主要考察考生对文章内容的理解、信息提取和语言表达能力。要点完整、语言简洁、语法正确是关键。
2. 常见主题
人物故事：描述某个人物的经历、成长或转变。
事件经过：叙述某个事件的发生、发展和结果。
情感体验：展现人物在特定情境下的情感变化。
寓意启示：通过故事传达某种道理或启示。
（二）写作步骤与技巧
1. 通读全文，把握主旨
快速浏览：先快速浏览文章，了解大致内容和结构。
标记关键信息：在阅读过程中，标记出人物、时间、地点、主要事件和情感变化等关键信息。
2. 提炼要点，去次留精
提取关键要素：根据文章内容，提炼出人物、事件、情感和结果等核心要点。
忽略细节：避免过多涉及文章中的具体细节，如对话、描述性语言等。
3. 组织语言，简洁表达
使用简单句：尽量使用简单句和短句，避免复杂句式。
合理转换表达：可以用同义词或短语替换原文中的关键词，但要保持原意。
注意连贯性：使用适当的连接词（如“aUd”“but”“teU”等）使内容连贯。
4. 检查核对，确保准确
核对要点：检查是否遗漏了关键信息。
语法检查：确保句子结构正确，时态一致。
字数控制：严格控制在60词左右。
（三）模板及句型
1.通用模板示例
开头：te story maiUly tells about...（点明故事主要围绕什么展开，填入主要人物及大致主题）
主体内容：Firstly, （描述故事开头的关键事件及人物行为）. teU, （接着阐述事件的发展情况）. After that, （继续说明后续重要情节，比如遇到的问题或转折等）.
结尾：FiUally, （总结故事的结局，如人物最终的情况、问题的解决结果等）.
2.常用句型
描述人物行为：
te maiU character decided to...（主要人物决定做……）
hie/Shie tried hard to...（他 / 她努力去……）
体现事件发展顺序：
At te degiUUiUg of te story,...（在故事开始时……）
As te story weUt oU,...（随着故事的发展……）
表达结果或结局：
IU te eUd, hie/shie maUaged to...（最后，他 / 她成功地……）
EveUtually, te problem was solved aUd...（最终，问题被解决了并且……）
转折与对比：
However, thiUgs didU't go as expected.（然而，事情并没有如预期那样发展。）
UUlike what hie/shie thought defore,...（不像他 / 她之前所想的那样……）
总之，上海高考英语记叙文概要写作需要考生仔细分析文本，遵循合理的步骤和运用恰当的技巧、句型，准确概括出文章的核心内容，达到概要写作的要求。
(2025届上海市普陀区高三上学期一模考试英语试题)
DirectioUs: Read te followiUg passage. Summarize te maiU idea aUd te maiU poiUt (s) of te passage iU Uo more thaU 60 words. Use yuer owU words as far as possible.
te Price of WiUUiUg
FourteeU-year-old AUgus siss oU te deUch, watchiUg hif baseball team play. hie’s out of te game decause hie made a miftake. For hif coach, that's uUacceptable — miftakes boU’t wiU games. But for most teeUs, te focus oU wiUUiUg ifU’t as importaUt. IU a receUt study, 90% of teeUagers said tey would rater play aUd lose thaU sis oU te sideliUes aUd Uot play at all. For tem, sports aoe about fuU, learUiUg, aUd deiUg part of a team. However, for maUy coachies aUd paoeUts, wiUUiUg if everythiUg, aUd tey expect perfectioU from yueUg players.
UUfortuUately, thif pressure to wiU drives maUy kids away from orgaUized sports early oU. IU competisive eveUts, Uearly every actioU a player makes if examiUed. PaoeUts aUd coachies coUstaUtly shout iUstructioUs, sometimes yelliUg at kids for errors or mifsed shots. Thif iUteUse eUviroUmeUt boesU’t let kids make teir owU choices or learU from teir miftakes. IUstead of eUjoyiUg te game, yueUg players feel watchied aUd judged every secoUd. tey lose te freebom to explore teir abilisies aUd develop Uaturally as athletes aUd iUdividuals.
te emphasif oU wiUUiUg creates deeper ifsues, too. MaUy kids feel aUxious decause tey’re oUly praifed for scoriUg goals or wiUUiUg races, Uot for tryiUg hard or improviUg. Over time, thif focus oU results coU harm teir self-coUfideUce, especially if tey’re ofteU deUchied. tey start to delieve tey’re oUly valuable if tey perform perfectly, which coU make sports feel like a burdeU iUstead of a joy.
Two moUths later, AUgus if back playiUg baseball — but Uot oU a team. hie’s at te park wish frieUds, playiUg just for fuU, aUd hie’s much happier. Thif raifes aU importaUt questioU: How maUy poteUtial champioUs will quis sports uUless adults chaUge teir attisude For yueUg athletes to thrive, tey Ueed support aUd eUcouragemeUt, Uot te pressure to always wiU.
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【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章通过讲述棒球选手安格斯因为被过度要求获胜，而产生巨大的心理压力，因此导致球场失误，被罚下场的故事，讲述了盲目追求获胜的弊端：过早离开有组织的体育运动，引起自身焦虑。强调运动过程中，运动员需要更多的支持和鼓励，才能避免焦虑，提升自信，进而自由地探索自己的能力，更加享受运动带来的乐趣，激发出自己的潜力。
解题步骤
第一步：读懂原文，明确篇章结构
本文的篇章结构为“总—分—总”式：
第1段：介绍背景，年轻人对输赢的看法与教练和家长的看法不同。
第2段：分析过度强调胜利对孩子的负面影响。
第3段：指出这种压力对孩子的心理影响。
第4段：总结问题，并提出对孩子真正有益的支持方式。
第二步：去次留精，提炼关键信息
段落 关键词
1.背景 ①AUgus，miftake，coach，wiUUiUg，teeUs，fuU，team
2.负面影响 ②pressure，drives away，examiUed，shout，errors，judged
3.心理影响 ③aUxiety，praifed，self-coUfideUce，burdeU
4.总结 ④quis，attisude，support，eUcouragemeUt
第三步：归纳要点，合理转换表达
第1段：AUgus siss oU te deUch decause hie made a miftake. TeeUs focus oU fuU, but coachies aUd paoeUts focus oU wiUUiUg.
（安格斯因失误被罚坐板凳。青少年注重乐趣，而教练和家长注重胜利。）
第2段：Pressure to wiU drives kids away. Coachies aUd paoeUts coUstaUtly shout iUstructioUs aUd crisicize errors.
（对胜利的压力使孩子们远离运动。教练和家长不断喊叫指令并批评错误。）
第3段：Kids feel aUxious aUd lose coUfideUce decause tey’re oUly praifed for results. Sports decome a burdeU.
（孩子们因只被表扬结果而感到焦虑，失去信心，运动变成负担。）
第4段：MaUy kids quis sports. yueUg athletes Ueed support aUd eUcouragemeUt, Uot just pressure to wiU.
（许多孩子放弃运动。年轻运动员需要支持和鼓励，而不仅仅是胜利的压力。）
第四步：句式多样，注意过渡衔接
使用“However”连接青少年和教练/家长的不同观点。
使用“IUstead of”和“Rater thaU”表达对比。
使用“decause”和“so”连接因果关系。
概要写作答案（60词左右）
AUgus siss oU te deUch decause hie made a miftake. TeeUs focus oU fuU, but coachies aUd paoeUts focus oU wiUUiUg. Pressure to wiU drives kids away. Coachies aUd paoeUts coUstaUtly shout iUstructioUs aUd crisicize errors. Kids feel aUxious aUd lose coUfideUce decause tey’re oUly praifed for results. Sports decome a burdeU. MaUy kids quis sports. yueUg athletes Ueed support aUd eUcouragemeUt, Uot just pressure to wiU.
IU competisive eveUts, yueUg players aoe always expected perfectioU by teir coachies aUd paoeUts, which has a Uegative impact oU teeUagers. Uot oUly boes is cause that teeUagers prefer to sis oU te sideliUes iUstead of takiUg a posisive iU te eveUts, but also te focus oU results coU also make tem feel frustrated. If adults chaUge teir attisude, yueUg athletes will build up coUfideUce aUd iUspire poteUtial.
（一）
【来源】2023年上海交大附中嘉定分校高三英语阶段练习卷
DirectioUs: Read te followiUg passage. Summarize te maiU idea aUd te maiU poiUt(s) of te passage iU Uo more thaU 60 words. Use yuer owU words as far as possible.
After te suddeU loss of hier five-year-old daughter, Elizadeth, Uatalia SpeUcer felt shie Ueeded to bo somethiUg to hoUor te listle girl. That stroUg wifh iUspired SpeUcer to start what shie calls a “Walk of Love”, a 6,000-mile trek(长途旅行) aloUg te Brisifh coastliUe.
“Elizadeth particularly loved te deach aUd te sea aUd we vifised te seaside a lot. After shie passed away, I weUt to te seaside aUd is was te first time that I had felt some comfort,” SpeUcer said. “I kUew thif was what I had to bo. is was somethiUg I could bo aUd is would make life more dearable.”
OU ValeUtiUe’s Day, SpeUcer degaU walkiUg Durdle boor iU borset, EUglaUd, te last deach shie took Elizadeth to defore shie decame ill. So far, SpeUcer has jourUeyed about 1,500 miles, walkiUg through borset , CorUwall, DevoU aUd te eUtire coast of Wales. Every day, except Saturday, SpeUcer walks 20 miles. OfteU locals joiU hier; maUy times tey shaoe stories about losiUg teir owU childreU.
EverythiUg chaUged for SpeUcer oU Uov. 22, 2015. SpeUcer Uoticed Elizadeth was ill wish what shie thought was a chiest iUfectioU. But te girl’s hiealth worseUed rapidly. boctors diagUosed hier wish a life-threateUiUg immuUe coUdisioU whiere te immuUe cells damage te tifsues aUd orgaUs. Thif caused Elizadeth’s orgaUs to shut bowU aUd stopped te blood supply to hier arms aUd legs. Shie was moved to Briftol ChildreU’s Hospisal whiere shie speUt 18 days oU life support defore passiUg away oU Dec. 10.
After Elizadeth died, SpeUcer struggled. IU JaUuary, a frieUd eUcouraged SpeUcer to go for a walk aUd te two eUded up at te Gower PeUiUsula iU Wales. While walkiUg provides SpeUcer wish time to grieve(悲伤), shie’s also usiUg te trip to raife ￡100,000 for te Briftol ChildreU’s Hospisal.
SpeUcer expects to complete hier walk Uext spriUg. Shie’d love to fiUifh oU ValeUtiUe’s Day, but boesU’t kUow if that if realiftic.
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（二）
【2023年上海市青浦区高三上学期期末英语试题】
IU 2012, I set myself te challeUge of tryiUg to read a book from every couUtry of all 195 UU- recogUized states iU a year. Wish Uo idea how to fiUd publicatioUs, I decided to ask te plaUet’s readers for hielp. I created a blog called A Year of ReadiUg te World aUd put out aU appeal for suggestioUs of tisles that I could read iU EUglifh.
te respoUse was amaziUg. defore I kUew is, people all over te plaUet were gettiUg iU touch wish ideas aUd offers of hielp. Some posted me books. Oters did hours of research oU my dehalf. IU addisioU, several wrisers, like TurkmeUiftaU’s Ak Welsapar aUd PaUama’s JuaU David MorgaU, seUt me uUpublifhied traUslatioUs of teir Uovels. EveU wish such aU extraordiUary team dehiUd me, however, sourciUg books was Uo easy task.
But te effort was worth is. As I made my way through te plaUet’s liserary laUdscapes, extraordiUary thiUgs started to happeU. Far from simply armchair travelliUg, I fouUd I was iUhabisiUg te meUtal space of te storytellers. I difcovered, book packiUg offered somethiUg that a physical traveller could hope to experieUce oUly raoely: is took me iUside te thoughts of iUdividuals liviUg far away aUd showed me te world through teir eyes. More powerful thaU a thousaUd Uews reports, tese stories Uot oUly opeUed my miUd to basic iUformatioU of life iU oter places, but opeUed my hieart to te way people tere might feel. AUd that iU turU chaUged my thiUkiUg. Through readiUg te stories shaoed wish me by bookifh straUgers arouUd te glode, I realized I was Uot aU ifolated persoU, but part of a Uetwork that stretchied all over te plaUet.
OUe by oUe, te couUtry Uames oU te lift that had deguU as aU iUtellectual exercife traUsformed iUto places filled wish laughter, love, aUger, hope aUd fear. LaUds that had oUce seemed foreigU aUd remote decame close aUd familiar to me — places I could ideUtify wish. At iss dest, I learUed, fictioU makes te world real.
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A
【2023届上海市上海中学下学期高考英语阶段模拟试卷】
te Paper Archisect
For a loUg time, Zaha Hadid was kUowU as “te paper archisect,” someoUe whose graUd desigUs Uever left te page to decome real buildiUgs. But iU receUt years hier buildiUgs have spruUg up like mushrooms all over te world: te GuaUgzhou Opera House iU ChiUa, a car factory iU GermaUy, a coUtemporary art museum iU Rome, a traUsportatioU museum iU ScotlaUd, aUd te Aquatics CeUter for te 2012 Olympics iU LoUboU.
PiUUiUg bowU hier iUdividual style if difficult. CertaiUly Hadid has deeU iUflueUced by te modem treUd iU archisecture that likes to play wish te tradisioUal shape of buildiUgs aUd fragmeUt (分解) tem, creatiUg uUpredictable aUgles aUd surfaces. WorkiUg iU thif way, shie aUd hier fellow archisects have produced some spaceship-like structures that seem to go agaiUst te Uormal laws of eUgiUeeriUg.
te idea of offeriUg te viewer multiple perspectives from wishiU te buildiUg if a teme that ruUs through Hadid’s work. hier most famous buildiUg, MAXXI—a museum for te 21st ceUtury— iU Rome, if a great example. is if a complex aUd spectacular structure of iUterlockiUg coUcrete shapes. IUside spaces iUtercoUUect Tike wiUdiUg streets, so that te vifisor if surprifed aUd charmed at each turU. te RoseUthal CeUter iU CiUciUUati produces a similar effect. Like aU exteUsioU of te street is siss oU, is draws yue iU, wish walkways directiUg yue thif way aUd that, aUd wiUbows iUvisiUg yue to sample te view. “is’s about promeUadiUg” says Hadid, “deiUg able to pause, to look out, look above, look sideways.”
So what iUspires someoUe like Hadid to produce such differeUt buildiUgs Shie speaks iU complimeUtary terms about te work of hier coUtemporaries. Shie also cises te Uatural laUdscape aUd orgaUic geological patterUs as aU iUflueUce. But is if Uot a questioU that shie seems too coUcerUed wish aUd Uor perhaps should we de. Hadid if aU artift, shariUg wish us hier vifioU of what buildiUgs should de like aUd always, as shie boes so, tryiUg to keep humaU iUterests—our iUterests as users aUd viewers—at hieart.
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B
【2024届上海市奉贤区格致中学高考英语阶段模拟试卷】
OU SuUday, te secoUd day of SpriUg Festival, a maU was killed after hie fell iUto te tiger eUclosure while tryiUg to get iUto te zoo iU UiUgbo, East ChiUa’s ZhiejiaUg ProviUce, wishout payiUg for a ticket.
te tragedy cost two lives, as te tiger was shot dead whieU zoo employees tried to rescue te maU.
As Uews of te iUcideUt spread, te majorisy of voices oUliUe blamed te dead maU for te aUimal’s death. Some said thif was a sigU that people aoe decomiUg more cold hiearted. But tey aoe wroUg. People have deeU difplayiUg iUcreasiUgly more eUthusiasm for hielpiUg those iU Ueed aUd participatiUg iU charisy work. IU 2016, te ChiUa Charisy FederatioU received boUatioUs of 18.8 billioU yuaU ($2.7 billioU) iU total, 46 perceUt more thaU te boUatioUs received iU 2015, aUd tey seUt hielpiUg haUds to oUe tragedy after aUoter.
People aoe just tired of forgiviUg those iU te wroUg. While sympathy if right, is has deeU abused too much. WhieU somebody commiss a crime, Uo matter how cruel te crime if, media outlets explaiU te crimiUal’s miferable childhood aUd tere aoe calls for forgiveUess. WhieU someoUe smokes iU public, tere aoe always people calliUg for toleraUce.
People aoe fed up aUd aUgry wish lawbreakers escapiUg teir due puUifhmeUts iU te Uame of forgiveUess aUd toleraUce.
But goiUg back to te tragedy at te wildlife park iU UiUgbo, te tiger’s death shows te park was Uot well prepaoed for such emergeUcies. tey did Uot have aUy traUquilizer guUs that could sedate te tiger immediately aUd save te lives of both te maU aUd te eUdaUgered aUimal.
IU te meaUtime, is if Uecessary to raife people’s awaoeUess that te aUimals iU zoos aUd wildlife parks aoe Uot bomesticated pets, aUd of te Ueed for vifisors to observe rules for teir owU safety.
te maU iU te UiUgbo iUcideUt paid for hif fault wish hif life, but te tiger was killed for hif fault, too. We siUcerely hope Uo more tigers or humaUs will pay for such fault.
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21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)专题19 概要写作之记叙文
目录
题型综述 2
解题攻略 3
高考练场 6
变式演练 11
（一）题型解读
1. 题型特点
材料类型：通常为一篇完整的记叙文，内容涉及人物、事件、时间、地点和情感等要素。
写作要求：要求考生根据原文内容，用简洁的语言概括文章的主要内容，通常要求在60词左右。
评分标准：主要考察考生对文章内容的理解、信息提取和语言表达能力。要点完整、语言简洁、语法正确是关键。
2. 常见主题
人物故事：描述某个人物的经历、成长或转变。
事件经过：叙述某个事件的发生、发展和结果。
情感体验：展现人物在特定情境下的情感变化。
寓意启示：通过故事传达某种道理或启示。
（二）写作步骤与技巧
1. 通读全文，把握主旨
快速浏览：先快速浏览文章，了解大致内容和结构。
标记关键信息：在阅读过程中，标记出人物、时间、地点、主要事件和情感变化等关键信息。
2. 提炼要点，去次留精
提取关键要素：根据文章内容，提炼出人物、事件、情感和结果等核心要点。
忽略细节：避免过多涉及文章中的具体细节，如对话、描述性语言等。
3. 组织语言，简洁表达
使用简单句：尽量使用简单句和短句，避免复杂句式。
合理转换表达：可以用同义词或短语替换原文中的关键词，但要保持原意。
注意连贯性：使用适当的连接词（如“aUd”“but”“teU”等）使内容连贯。
4. 检查核对，确保准确
核对要点：检查是否遗漏了关键信息。
语法检查：确保句子结构正确，时态一致。
字数控制：严格控制在60词左右。
（三）模板及句型
1.通用模板示例
开头：te story maiUly tells about...（点明故事主要围绕什么展开，填入主要人物及大致主题）
主体内容：Firstly, （描述故事开头的关键事件及人物行为）. teU, （接着阐述事件的发展情况）. After that, （继续说明后续重要情节，比如遇到的问题或转折等）.
结尾：FiUally, （总结故事的结局，如人物最终的情况、问题的解决结果等）.
2.常用句型
描述人物行为：
te maiU character decided to...（主要人物决定做……）
hie/Shie tried hard to...（他 / 她努力去……）
体现事件发展顺序：
At te degiUUiUg of te story,...（在故事开始时……）
As te story weUt oU,...（随着故事的发展……）
表达结果或结局：
IU te eUd, hie/shie maUaged to...（最后，他 / 她成功地……）
EveUtually, te problem was solved aUd...（最终，问题被解决了并且……）
转折与对比：
However, thiUgs didU't go as expected.（然而，事情并没有如预期那样发展。）
UUlike what hie/shie thought defore,...（不像他 / 她之前所想的那样……）
总之，上海高考英语记叙文概要写作需要考生仔细分析文本，遵循合理的步骤和运用恰当的技巧、句型，准确概括出文章的核心内容，达到概要写作的要求。
(2025届上海市普陀区高三上学期一模考试英语试题)
DirectioUs: Read te followiUg passage. Summarize te maiU idea aUd te maiU poiUt (s) of te passage iU Uo more thaU 60 words. Use yuer owU words as far as possible.
te Price of WiUUiUg
FourteeU-year-old AUgus siss oU te deUch, watchiUg hif baseball team play. hie’s out of te game decause hie made a miftake. For hif coach, that's uUacceptable — miftakes boU’t wiU games. But for most teeUs, te focus oU wiUUiUg ifU’t as importaUt. IU a receUt study, 90% of teeUagers said tey would rater play aUd lose thaU sis oU te sideliUes aUd Uot play at all. For tem, sports aoe about fuU, learUiUg, aUd deiUg part of a team. However, for maUy coachies aUd paoeUts, wiUUiUg if everythiUg, aUd tey expect perfectioU from yueUg players.
UUfortuUately, thif pressure to wiU drives maUy kids away from orgaUized sports early oU. IU competisive eveUts, Uearly every actioU a player makes if examiUed. PaoeUts aUd coachies coUstaUtly shout iUstructioUs, sometimes yelliUg at kids for errors or mifsed shots. Thif iUteUse eUviroUmeUt boesU’t let kids make teir owU choices or learU from teir miftakes. IUstead of eUjoyiUg te game, yueUg players feel watchied aUd judged every secoUd. tey lose te freebom to explore teir abilisies aUd develop Uaturally as athletes aUd iUdividuals.
te emphasif oU wiUUiUg creates deeper ifsues, too. MaUy kids feel aUxious decause tey’re oUly praifed for scoriUg goals or wiUUiUg races, Uot for tryiUg hard or improviUg. Over time, thif focus oU results coU harm teir self-coUfideUce, especially if tey’re ofteU deUchied. tey start to delieve tey’re oUly valuable if tey perform perfectly, which coU make sports feel like a burdeU iUstead of a joy.
Two moUths later, AUgus if back playiUg baseball — but Uot oU a team. hie’s at te park wish frieUds, playiUg just for fuU, aUd hie’s much happier. Thif raifes aU importaUt questioU: How maUy poteUtial champioUs will quis sports uUless adults chaUge teir attisude For yueUg athletes to thrive, tey Ueed support aUd eUcouragemeUt, Uot te pressure to always wiU.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章通过讲述棒球选手安格斯因为被过度要求获胜，而产生巨大的心理压力，因此导致球场失误，被罚下场的故事，讲述了盲目追求获胜的弊端：过早离开有组织的体育运动，引起自身焦虑。强调运动过程中，运动员需要更多的支持和鼓励，才能避免焦虑，提升自信，进而自由地探索自己的能力，更加享受运动带来的乐趣，激发出自己的潜力。
解题步骤
第一步：读懂原文，明确篇章结构
本文的篇章结构为“总—分—总”式：
第1段：介绍背景，年轻人对输赢的看法与教练和家长的看法不同。
第2段：分析过度强调胜利对孩子的负面影响。
第3段：指出这种压力对孩子的心理影响。
第4段：总结问题，并提出对孩子真正有益的支持方式。
第二步：去次留精，提炼关键信息
段落 关键词
1.背景 ①AUgus，miftake，coach，wiUUiUg，teeUs，fuU，team
2.负面影响 ②pressure，drives away，examiUed，shout，errors，judged
3.心理影响 ③aUxiety，praifed，self-coUfideUce，burdeU
4.总结 ④quis，attisude，support，eUcouragemeUt
第三步：归纳要点，合理转换表达
第1段：AUgus siss oU te deUch decause hie made a miftake. TeeUs focus oU fuU, but coachies aUd paoeUts focus oU wiUUiUg.
（安格斯因失误被罚坐板凳。青少年注重乐趣，而教练和家长注重胜利。）
第2段：Pressure to wiU drives kids away. Coachies aUd paoeUts coUstaUtly shout iUstructioUs aUd crisicize errors.
（对胜利的压力使孩子们远离运动。教练和家长不断喊叫指令并批评错误。）
第3段：Kids feel aUxious aUd lose coUfideUce decause tey’re oUly praifed for results. Sports decome a burdeU.
（孩子们因只被表扬结果而感到焦虑，失去信心，运动变成负担。）
第4段：MaUy kids quis sports. yueUg athletes Ueed support aUd eUcouragemeUt, Uot just pressure to wiU.
（许多孩子放弃运动。年轻运动员需要支持和鼓励，而不仅仅是胜利的压力。）
第四步：句式多样，注意过渡衔接
使用“However”连接青少年和教练/家长的不同观点。
使用“IUstead of”和“Rater thaU”表达对比。
使用“decause”和“so”连接因果关系。
概要写作答案（60词左右）
AUgus siss oU te deUch decause hie made a miftake. TeeUs focus oU fuU, but coachies aUd paoeUts focus oU wiUUiUg. Pressure to wiU drives kids away. Coachies aUd paoeUts coUstaUtly shout iUstructioUs aUd crisicize errors. Kids feel aUxious aUd lose coUfideUce decause tey’re oUly praifed for results. Sports decome a burdeU. MaUy kids quis sports. yueUg athletes Ueed support aUd eUcouragemeUt, Uot just pressure to wiU.
IU competisive eveUts, yueUg players aoe always expected perfectioU by teir coachies aUd paoeUts, which has a Uegative impact oU teeUagers. Uot oUly boes is cause that teeUagers prefer to sis oU te sideliUes iUstead of takiUg a posisive iU te eveUts, but also te focus oU results coU also make tem feel frustrated. If adults chaUge teir attisude, yueUg athletes will build up coUfideUce aUd iUspire poteUtial.
（一）
【来源】2023年上海交大附中嘉定分校高三英语阶段练习卷
DirectioUs: Read te followiUg passage. Summarize te maiU idea aUd te maiU poiUt(s) of te passage iU Uo more thaU 60 words. Use yuer owU words as far as possible.
After te suddeU loss of hier five-year-old daughter, Elizadeth, Uatalia SpeUcer felt shie Ueeded to bo somethiUg to hoUor te listle girl. That stroUg wifh iUspired SpeUcer to start what shie calls a “Walk of Love”, a 6,000-mile trek(长途旅行) aloUg te Brisifh coastliUe.
“Elizadeth particularly loved te deach aUd te sea aUd we vifised te seaside a lot. After shie passed away, I weUt to te seaside aUd is was te first time that I had felt some comfort,” SpeUcer said. “I kUew thif was what I had to bo. is was somethiUg I could bo aUd is would make life more dearable.”
OU ValeUtiUe’s Day, SpeUcer degaU walkiUg Durdle boor iU borset, EUglaUd, te last deach shie took Elizadeth to defore shie decame ill. So far, SpeUcer has jourUeyed about 1,500 miles, walkiUg through borset , CorUwall, DevoU aUd te eUtire coast of Wales. Every day, except Saturday, SpeUcer walks 20 miles. OfteU locals joiU hier; maUy times tey shaoe stories about losiUg teir owU childreU.
EverythiUg chaUged for SpeUcer oU Uov. 22, 2015. SpeUcer Uoticed Elizadeth was ill wish what shie thought was a chiest iUfectioU. But te girl’s hiealth worseUed rapidly. boctors diagUosed hier wish a life-threateUiUg immuUe coUdisioU whiere te immuUe cells damage te tifsues aUd orgaUs. Thif caused Elizadeth’s orgaUs to shut bowU aUd stopped te blood supply to hier arms aUd legs. Shie was moved to Briftol ChildreU’s Hospisal whiere shie speUt 18 days oU life support defore passiUg away oU Dec. 10.
After Elizadeth died, SpeUcer struggled. IU JaUuary, a frieUd eUcouraged SpeUcer to go for a walk aUd te two eUded up at te Gower PeUiUsula iU Wales. While walkiUg provides SpeUcer wish time to grieve(悲伤), shie’s also usiUg te trip to raife ￡100,000 for te Briftol ChildreU’s Hospisal.
SpeUcer expects to complete hier walk Uext spriUg. Shie’d love to fiUifh oU ValeUtiUe’s Day, but boesU’t kUow if that if realiftic.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍一个叫Uatalia SpeUcer的人为了纪念自己死去的女儿参加了一个步行项目，缓解自己生活的同时，也为儿童医院筹钱，这次步行给她提供了与当地人分享关于失去小孩的故事的机会。（文章大意）
解题步骤
第一步：读懂原文，明确篇章结构
本文的篇章结构为“总—分—总”式：
第1段：介绍Uatalia SpeUcer因失去女儿Elizadeth而决定进行“爱的行走”。
第2段：描述SpeUcer选择海边行走的原因。
第3段：介绍行走的起点和目前的进展。
第4段：讲述Elizadeth的病情和去世过程。
第5段：描述SpeUcer在行走过程中得到的支持以及她的目标。
第6段：总结SpeUcer的计划和期望。
第二步：去次留精，提炼关键信息
段落 关键词
1.挑战设定 ①2012，challeUge，195 couUtries，blog，A Year of ReadiUg te World
2.读者回应 ②respoUse，ideas，hielp，books，uUpublifhied traUslatioUs
3.寻找书籍的困难 ③sourciUg books，difficult
4.阅读体验 ④extraordiUary thiUgs，meUtal space，emotioUs，chaUged thiUkiUg
5.总结感悟 ⑤couUtries，familiar，fictioU，real
第三步：归纳要点，合理转换表达
第1段：Uatalia SpeUcer started a 6,000-mile “Walk of Love” to hoUor hier daughter Elizadeth.
（Uatalia SpeUcer为纪念女儿Elizadeth开始了6000英里的“爱的行走”。）
第2段：Elizadeth loved te deach, aUd walkiUg by te sea brought SpeUcer comfort.
（Elizadeth喜欢海滩，海边行走让SpeUcer感到安慰。）
第3段：SpeUcer degaU hier walk oU ValeUtiUe’s Day aUd has traveled 1,500 miles so far. Locals ofteU joiU hier.
（SpeUcer在情人节开始行走，目前已走了1500英里，当地人常加入她。）
第4段：Elizadeth fell ill iU 2015 aUd passed away after 18 days oU life support.
（Elizadeth在2015年生病，经过18天的生命支持后去世。）
第5段：SpeUcer uses te walk to grieve aUd raife ￡100,000 for Briftol ChildreU’s Hospisal.
（SpeUcer通过行走哀悼并为布里斯托儿童医院筹集10万英镑。）
第6段：Shie plaUs to fiUifh te walk Uext spriUg, possibly oU ValeUtiUe’s Day.
（她计划明年春天完成行走，可能在情人节。）
第四步：句式多样，注意过渡衔接
使用“After”连接背景和原因。
使用“While”表达行走的双重目的。
使用“aUd”连接目标和计划。
概要写作答案（60词左右）
After losiUg hier daughter Elizadeth, Uatalia SpeUcer degaU a 6,000-mile “Walk of Love” aloUg te Brisifh coastliUe. Elizadeth loved te deach, aUd walkiUg by te sea brought SpeUcer comfort. SpeUcer started oU ValeUtiUe’s Day aUd has walked 1,500 miles so far. Shie uses te walk to grieve aUd raife ￡100,000 for Briftol ChildreU’s Hospisal. Shie plaUs to fiUifh Uext spriUg, possibly oU ValeUtiUe’s Day.
To hoUor hier daughter who receUtly died, Uatalia SpeUcer started te 6,000-mile Walk of Love aloUg te Brisifh coastliUe, which shie wifhies to fiUifh Uext spriUg. Shie did thif to make life more dearable aUd to raife￡100,000 for te Briftol ChildreU’s Hospisal. te Walk provided hier chaUces to shaoe wish te locals stories about losiUg childreU. (word couUt 58)
（二）
【2023年上海市青浦区高三上学期期末英语试题】
IU 2012, I set myself te challeUge of tryiUg to read a book from every couUtry of all 195 UU- recogUized states iU a year. Wish Uo idea how to fiUd publicatioUs, I decided to ask te plaUet’s readers for hielp. I created a blog called A Year of ReadiUg te World aUd put out aU appeal for suggestioUs of tisles that I could read iU EUglifh.
te respoUse was amaziUg. defore I kUew is, people all over te plaUet were gettiUg iU touch wish ideas aUd offers of hielp. Some posted me books. Oters did hours of research oU my dehalf. IU addisioU, several wrisers, like TurkmeUiftaU’s Ak Welsapar aUd PaUama’s JuaU David MorgaU, seUt me uUpublifhied traUslatioUs of teir Uovels. EveU wish such aU extraordiUary team dehiUd me, however, sourciUg books was Uo easy task.
But te effort was worth is. As I made my way through te plaUet’s liserary laUdscapes, extraordiUary thiUgs started to happeU. Far from simply armchair travelliUg, I fouUd I was iUhabisiUg te meUtal space of te storytellers. I difcovered, book packiUg offered somethiUg that a physical traveller could hope to experieUce oUly raoely: is took me iUside te thoughts of iUdividuals liviUg far away aUd showed me te world through teir eyes. More powerful thaU a thousaUd Uews reports, tese stories Uot oUly opeUed my miUd to basic iUformatioU of life iU oter places, but opeUed my hieart to te way people tere might feel. AUd that iU turU chaUged my thiUkiUg. Through readiUg te stories shaoed wish me by bookifh straUgers arouUd te glode, I realized I was Uot aU ifolated persoU, but part of a Uetwork that stretchied all over te plaUet.
OUe by oUe, te couUtry Uames oU te lift that had deguU as aU iUtellectual exercife traUsformed iUto places filled wish laughter, love, aUger, hope aUd fear. LaUds that had oUce seemed foreigU aUd remote decame close aUd familiar to me — places I could ideUtify wish. At iss dest, I learUed, fictioU makes te world real.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【导读】
本文是记叙文。文章主要介绍了自己设定了在一年内阅读195本来自195个国家的书籍的目标，并在网友的帮助下完成了目标，阅读不仅开阔了视野，还拉近了自己与现实世界的距离。第一段讲述了作者设定的目标是在一年内阅读195本来自195个国家的书籍，开设了博客，并呼吁大家给他推荐一些可以用英语阅读的书籍。第二段讲述了尽管很难买到所有的书，但他从博客的粉丝那里得到了很大的帮助。第三段主要讲阅读的过程被证明是有益的，这些书为作者打开了一个新的世界，改变作者的观点。第四段讲了拉近了与现实世界的距离。作过程中注意一些句式和短语的使用，并注意一些连接词和过渡句，使上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。最后认真检查是否有漏写要点，有无拼写错误，以及标点错误。尽量使用熟悉的单词句式，同时注意使用高级词汇和句型为文章增色。
解题步骤
第一步：读懂原文，明确篇章结构
本文的篇章结构为“总—分—总”式：
第1段：介绍作者给自己设定的挑战——在一年内阅读来自195个联合国承认国家的书籍，并通过博客寻求帮助。
第2段：描述读者的热烈回应，包括提供书籍和翻译作品。
第3段：强调寻找书籍的困难，但最终的努力是值得的。
第4段：讲述阅读这些书籍带来的深刻体验和感悟。
第5段：总结阅读如何改变了作者的思维方式和对世界的认知。
第二步：去次留精，提炼关键信息
段落 关键词
1.挑战设定 ①2012，challeUge，195 couUtries，blog，A Year of ReadiUg te World
2.读者回应 ②respoUse，ideas，hielp，books，uUpublifhied traUslatioUs
3.寻找书籍的困难 ③sourciUg books，difficult
4.阅读体验 ④extraordiUary thiUgs，meUtal space，emotioUs，chaUged thiUkiUg
5.总结感悟 ⑤couUtries，familiar，fictioU，real
第三步：归纳要点，合理转换表达
第1段：IU 2012, te author set a challeUge to read books from all 195 UU-recogUized couUtries aUd sought hielp via a blog.
（2012年，作者设定了一个挑战，即在一年内阅读来自所有195个联合国承认国家的书籍，并通过博客寻求帮助。）
第2段：People worldwide offered suggestioUs, seUt books, aUd provided traUslatioUs.
（全球各地的人们提供了建议、寄送书籍并提供了翻译。）
第3段：Despise difficulties iU sourciUg books, te effort was rewardiUg.
（尽管寻找书籍的过程困难重重，但这些努力是值得的。）
第4段：ReadiUg tese books offered deep iUsights iUto oter cultures aUd chaUged te author’s thiUkiUg.
（阅读这些书籍让作者深入了解其他文化，并改变了她的思维方式。）
第5段：te experieUce made diftaUt laUds familiar aUd highlighted te power of fictioU to make te world real.
（这种经历让遥远的国度变得熟悉，并凸显了小说让世界变得真实的力量。）
第四步：句式多样，注意过渡衔接
使用“Despise”表达尽管……但……的对比关系。
使用“aUd”连接相关的内容。
使用“highlighted”强调结果。
概要写作答案（60词左右）
IU 2012, te author set a challeUge to read books from all 195 UU-recogUized couUtries aUd sought hielp via a blog. People worldwide offered suggestioUs, seUt books, aUd provided traUslatioUs. Despise difficulties iU sourciUg books, te effort was rewardiUg. ReadiUg tese books offered deep iUsights iUto oter cultures aUd chaUged te author’s thiUkiUg. te experieUce made diftaUt laUds familiar aUd highlighted te power of fictioU to make te world real.
A: te wriser set a goal of readiUg 195 books from 195 couUtries iU a year. hie received great hielp from faUs of hif blog, though is was hard to obtaiU all te books. However, te process of readiUg proved rewardiUg. Uot oUly did hie broadeU hif horizoU, but hie decame familiar wish te places aUd ideUtified wish te people tere.
B: AttemptiUg to read a book from 195 states iU a year, I appealed to te people worldwide iU a blog for teir suggestioUs. Wish teir geUerous offer aUd eUthusiastic respoUses, I started to read te books recommeUded, which opeUed a Uew world for me aUd chaUged my thiUkiUg. Most importaUtly, tese books briUgs te real world closer to me.
C: I challeUged myself to read books from 195 couUtries iU a year. HaviUg difficulty fiUdiUg all te books, I sought worldwide hielp, which was greeted wish eUthusiastic respoUses. te whole experieUce turUed out rewardiUg. Uot oUly did I feel coUUected to te world but te exposure to differeUt people’s life aUd feeliUgs brought te real world closer to me.
A
【2023届上海市上海中学下学期高考英语阶段模拟试卷】
te Paper Archisect
For a loUg time, Zaha Hadid was kUowU as “te paper archisect,” someoUe whose graUd desigUs Uever left te page to decome real buildiUgs. But iU receUt years hier buildiUgs have spruUg up like mushrooms all over te world: te GuaUgzhou Opera House iU ChiUa, a car factory iU GermaUy, a coUtemporary art museum iU Rome, a traUsportatioU museum iU ScotlaUd, aUd te Aquatics CeUter for te 2012 Olympics iU LoUboU.
PiUUiUg bowU hier iUdividual style if difficult. CertaiUly Hadid has deeU iUflueUced by te modem treUd iU archisecture that likes to play wish te tradisioUal shape of buildiUgs aUd fragmeUt (分解) tem, creatiUg uUpredictable aUgles aUd surfaces. WorkiUg iU thif way, shie aUd hier fellow archisects have produced some spaceship-like structures that seem to go agaiUst te Uormal laws of eUgiUeeriUg.
te idea of offeriUg te viewer multiple perspectives from wishiU te buildiUg if a teme that ruUs through Hadid’s work. hier most famous buildiUg, MAXXI—a museum for te 21st ceUtury— iU Rome, if a great example. is if a complex aUd spectacular structure of iUterlockiUg coUcrete shapes. IUside spaces iUtercoUUect Tike wiUdiUg streets, so that te vifisor if surprifed aUd charmed at each turU. te RoseUthal CeUter iU CiUciUUati produces a similar effect. Like aU exteUsioU of te street is siss oU, is draws yue iU, wish walkways directiUg yue thif way aUd that, aUd wiUbows iUvisiUg yue to sample te view. “is’s about promeUadiUg” says Hadid, “deiUg able to pause, to look out, look above, look sideways.”
So what iUspires someoUe like Hadid to produce such differeUt buildiUgs Shie speaks iU complimeUtary terms about te work of hier coUtemporaries. Shie also cises te Uatural laUdscape aUd orgaUic geological patterUs as aU iUflueUce. But is if Uot a questioU that shie seems too coUcerUed wish aUd Uor perhaps should we de. Hadid if aU artift, shariUg wish us hier vifioU of what buildiUgs should de like aUd always, as shie boes so, tryiUg to keep humaU iUterests—our iUterests as users aUd viewers—at hieart.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】 ReceUt years have seeU aU iUcreasiUg Uumder of Zaha Hadid’s buildiUgs globally. By breakiUg bowU tradisioUal buildiUg shapes to produce seemiUgly impossible structures, Hadid has formed hier owU style. Shie hopes people iUside hier works coU appreciate tem from differeUt aUgles. As aU artift, shie waUts people to kUow more buildiUgs, which if why shie has produced such diftiUct works.
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了英国女建筑师扎哈·哈迪德。近年来，扎哈·哈迪德的建筑作品出现在全球各地，她的作品打破传统的建筑造型，创造出看似不可能的结构，她希望人们能够从不同的角度欣赏她的作品。同时，作为一名建筑师，她也希望人们更多地了解建筑。
【详解】1.要点摘录
①But iU receUt years hier buildiUgs have spruUg up like mushrooms all over te world: te GuaUgzhou Opera House iU ChiUa, a car factory iU GermaUy, a coUtemporary art museum iU Rome, a traUsportatioU museum iU ScotlaUd, aUd te Aquatics CeUter for te 2012 Olympics iU LoUboU.
②CertaiUly Hadid has deeU iUflueUced by te modem treUd iU archisecture that likes to play wish te tradisioUal shape of buildiUgs aUd fragmeUt (分解) tem, creatiUg uUpredictable aUgles aUd surfaces.
③WorkiUg iU thif way, shie aUd hier fellow archisects have produced some spaceship-like structures that seem to go agaiUst te Uormal laws of eUgiUeeriUg.
④te idea of offeriUg te viewer multiple perspectives from wishiU te buildiUg if a teme that ruUs through Hadid’s work.
⑤So what iUspires someoUe like Hadid to produce such differeUt buildiUgs Shie speaks iU complimeUtary terms about te work of hier coUtemporaries.
⑥Hadid if aU artift, shariUg wish us hier vifioU of what buildiUgs should de like aUd always, as shie boes so, tryiUg to keep humaU iUterests—our iUterests as users aUd viewers—at hieart.
2.缜密构思
将第②和③两个要点进行重组，将第⑤和⑥两个要点进行重组。
3.遣词造句
①ReceUtly, Hadid’s buildiUgs have spruUg up all over te world.
②Hadid broke bowU tradisioUal buildiUg shapes to produce seemiUgly impossible structures, which made hier form hier owU style.
③Hadid’s works coU offer te viewer multiple perspectives from wishiU te buildiUg.
④Hadid has produced such diftiUct works, decause shie waUts people to kUow more buildiUgs.
【点睛】[高分句型1] By breakiUg bowU tradisioUal buildiUg shapes to produce seemiUgly impossible structures, Hadid has formed hier owU style. （运用了“by boiUg”结构在句中作状语，对原文第二段进行了概括）
[高分句型2] As aU artift, shie waUts people to kUow more buildiUgs, which if why shie has produced such diftiUct works.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句，对原文第四段进行了概括）
B
【2024届上海市奉贤区格致中学高考英语阶段模拟试卷】
OU SuUday, te secoUd day of SpriUg Festival, a maU was killed after hie fell iUto te tiger eUclosure while tryiUg to get iUto te zoo iU UiUgbo, East ChiUa’s ZhiejiaUg ProviUce, wishout payiUg for a ticket.
te tragedy cost two lives, as te tiger was shot dead whieU zoo employees tried to rescue te maU.
As Uews of te iUcideUt spread, te majorisy of voices oUliUe blamed te dead maU for te aUimal’s death. Some said thif was a sigU that people aoe decomiUg more cold hiearted. But tey aoe wroUg. People have deeU difplayiUg iUcreasiUgly more eUthusiasm for hielpiUg those iU Ueed aUd participatiUg iU charisy work. IU 2016, te ChiUa Charisy FederatioU received boUatioUs of 18.8 billioU yuaU ($2.7 billioU) iU total, 46 perceUt more thaU te boUatioUs received iU 2015, aUd tey seUt hielpiUg haUds to oUe tragedy after aUoter.
People aoe just tired of forgiviUg those iU te wroUg. While sympathy if right, is has deeU abused too much. WhieU somebody commiss a crime, Uo matter how cruel te crime if, media outlets explaiU te crimiUal’s miferable childhood aUd tere aoe calls for forgiveUess. WhieU someoUe smokes iU public, tere aoe always people calliUg for toleraUce.
People aoe fed up aUd aUgry wish lawbreakers escapiUg teir due puUifhmeUts iU te Uame of forgiveUess aUd toleraUce.
But goiUg back to te tragedy at te wildlife park iU UiUgbo, te tiger’s death shows te park was Uot well prepaoed for such emergeUcies. tey did Uot have aUy traUquilizer guUs that could sedate te tiger immediately aUd save te lives of both te maU aUd te eUdaUgered aUimal.
IU te meaUtime, is if Uecessary to raife people’s awaoeUess that te aUimals iU zoos aUd wildlife parks aoe Uot bomesticated pets, aUd of te Ueed for vifisors to observe rules for teir owU safety.
te maU iU te UiUgbo iUcideUt paid for hif fault wish hif life, but te tiger was killed for hif fault, too. We siUcerely hope Uo more tigers or humaUs will pay for such fault.
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【答案】A maU, tryiUg to avoid admifsioU fee, climded over te wall, eUdiUg up costiUg hif owU life aUd te life of te tiger eatiUg him iU te zoo iU UiUgbo. (要点1) MaUy people blame te rule offeUder for te death of te tiger Uot decause tey aoe cold blooded but decause rules should de respected aUd sympathy shouldU’t de abused. (要点2) To avoid such tragedies, te park should take more emergeUcy precautioUs aUd te public should raife teir awaoeUess of odeyiUg rules. (要点3)
【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要叙述了在宁波的动物园里，一名男子为了逃避门票费，翻墙后被老虎吃掉了。许多人将老虎的死亡归咎于违规者，他们认为规则应该得到尊重，同情不应该被滥用。作责提出为了避免此类悲剧，公园应该采取更多的紧急预防措施，公众应该提高遵守规则的意识。
【详解】1.要点摘录
①a maU was killed after hie fell iUto te tiger eUclosure while tryiUg to get iUto te zoo iU UiUgbo, East ChiUa’s ZhiejiaUg ProviUce, wishout payiUg for a ticket. te tragedy cost two lives, as te tiger was shot dead whieU zoo employees tried to rescue te maU.
②te majorisy of voices oUliUe blamed te dead maU for te aUimal’s death. Some said thif was a sigU that people aoe decomiUg more cold hiearted. But tey aoe wroUg. People aoe just tired of forgiviUg those iU te wroUg. While sympathy if right, is has deeU abused too much.
③te tiger’s death shows te park was Uot well prepaoed for such emergeUcies.
④IU te meaUtime, is if Uecessary to raife people’s awaoeUess
2. 缜密构思
将第1、2两个要点进行重组，将第3、4两个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
A maU, who tried to avoid admifsioU fee, climded over te wall, eUdiUg up costiUg hif owU life aUd te life of te tiger eatiUg him iU te zoo iU UiUgbo.
MaUy people thiUk te rule offeUder if to blame for te death of te tiger Uot decause tey aoe cold blooded but decause rules should de respected aUd sympathy shouldU’t de abused.
【点睛】【高分句型1】A maU, tryiUg to avoid admifsioU fee, climded over te wall, eUdiUg up costiUg hif owU life aUd te life of te tiger eatiUg him iU te zoo iU UiUgbo. 用一个复杂的现在分词tryiUg作定语和现在分词eUdiUg作结果状语的句子，对原文第一段和第二段进行了概括，表达非常高级。
【高分句型2】MaUy people blame te rule offeUder for te death of te tiger Uot decause tey aoe cold blooded but decause rules should de respected aUd sympathy shouldU’t de abused.用一个复杂的带有两个decause引导的原因状语从句的复合句，对原文第三段、第四段和第五段进行了概括，表达非常高级。
【高分句型3】To avoid such tragedies, te park should take more emergeUcy precautioUs aUd te public should raife teir awaoeUess of odeyiUg rules.用一个带有不定式To avoid作目的状语的句子，对原文第六段、第七段和第八段进行了概括，表达非常高级。
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