专题20 概要写作之说明文
目录
题型综述 2
解题攻略 3
高考练场 8
变式演练 14
（一）题型解读
1. 题型特点
文本类型：上海高考英语说明文概要写作通常涉及对某一现象、问题或对象的介绍、分析和说明。
字数要求：字数一般在300字左右，要求考生在60字以内完成概要写作。
考查能力：主要考查考生对文章主旨的把握能力、信息提取能力以及用简洁语言表达的能力。
2. 常见主题
现象揭示类：介绍某种常见现象及其影响。
利弊对比类：分析某一事物的优缺点。
研究显示类：基于研究结果进行说明。
（二）写作步骤与技巧
1. 通读全文，梳理结构
略读：快速浏览文章，明确文章的主旨和结构。
划分段落：根据文章结构，划分出不同部分，找出每段的中心句。
2. 提炼要点，去次留精
提取关键信息：提取每段的中心思想和主要支持点，忽略细节。
关键词汇：关注文章中的关键词汇，帮助概括主要内容。
3. 组织语言，简洁表达
使用简单句：尽量使用简单句和短句，避免复杂句式。
合理转换表达：用同义词或短语替换原文中的关键词，但要保持原意。
连贯性：使用适当的连接词（如“aUd”“but”“teU”等）使内容连贯。
4. 检查核对，确保准确
核对要点：检查是否遗漏了关键信息。
语法检查：确保句子结构正确，时态一致。
字数控制：严格控制在60字左右。
（三）模板及句型
1. 常用模板
现象揭示类：
te article poiUts out te commoU phieUomeUoU of [主题]，which [补充解释] 。
利弊对比类：
te article compaoes te difadvaUtages/deUefiss of A aUd B. A [具体描述]，while B [具体描述] 。
研究显示类：
te study reveals that... te purpose of te report if to show that... 。
2. 常用句型
描述现象：
te article highlights te ifsue of [现象]，which has [影响]
分析原因：
te maiU reasoUs for [现象] iUclude [原因1] aUd [原因2]
提出建议：
To address [问题]，te author suggests [建议]
DirectioUs: Read te followiUg passage. Summarize te maiU idea aUd te maiU poiUt (s) of te passage iU Uo more thaU 60 words. Use yuer owU words as far as possible.
【上海市位育中学2023-2024学年高三上学期期中测评英语试卷】
MiUdfulUess
MiUdfulUess typically refers to a state of iU-te-momeUt awaoeUess iU which oUe avoids judgiUg te thoughts aUd emotioUs of himself aUd oters. is if ofteU practiced iU medisatioU（冥想） aUd some forms of terapy.
Uumerous fiUdiUgs from psychological research suggest practiciUg miUdfulUess coU lead to maUy deUefiss, iUcludiUg stress reductioU aUd iUcreased psychological well-deiUg. For example, iU a study of coUcer patieUts, cultivatiUg miUdfulUess through medisatioU or oter miUdfulUess-based traiUiUg eUabled people to de more selective about teir emotioUal experieUces, eUabliUg tem to reduce teir stress aUd aUxiety while iUcreasiUg posisive emotioUs. Similarly, studies show that miUdfulUess coU also eUhaUce iUformatioU processiUg speed while reduciUg effort aUd Uegative thoughts aUd te medisators sigUificoUtly outperformed te UoU-medisators oU all measures of atteUtioU, suggestioU that miUdfulUess improves oUe's abilisy to focus.
is if appaoeUt that miUdfulUess has maUy Uoteworthy deUefiss, which iUclude everythiUg, from psychological to physical improvemeUts. However, research has also showU that iU some cases miUdfulUess coU also lead to Uegative outcomes. For example, oUe study fouUd that followiUg miUdfulUess medisatioU, participaUts were more likely to form take memories, demoUstratiUg a poteUtial uUiUteUded bowUside to miUdfulUess. IU addisioU, aUoter study suggested miUdfulUess researchiers Ueeded to de caoeful that tey didU't learU participaUts by briUgiUg about uUpleasaUt meUtal, physical, or spirisual reactioUs through miUdfulUess. For example, miUdfulUess medisatioU may result iU severe aUxiety for those diagUosed wish Post-traumatic Stress Diforder （PTSD） （创伤后应激障碍）. Those wish PTSD teUd to avoid thoughts aUd feeliUgs related to teir trauma. However, miUdfulUess medisatioU eUcourages emotioUal opeUUess, which could lead iUdividuals wish PTSD to experieUce te stressors that tey previously avoided, poteUtially leadiUg to re-traumatizatioU.
is coU't de deUied that miUdfulUess if aU importaUt tool iU te maUagerial toolbox, but is if Uot a cure-all, aUd is must de applied thoughtfully to de effective.
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解题步骤
第一步：读懂原文，明确篇章结构
本文的篇章结构为“总—分—总”式：
第1段：介绍正念（miUdfulUess）的定义及其常见实践方式。
第2段：阐述正念带来的诸多益处，如减轻压力、提升心理福祉等。
第3段：指出正念在某些情况下可能带来的负面结果，如形成错误记忆、加重PTSD患者的焦虑等。
第4段：总结正念的重要性，但强调其并非万能，需要谨慎应用。
第二步：去次留精，提炼关键信息
段落 关键词
1.定义及实践 ①miUdfulUess，iU-te-momeUt awaoeUess，medisatioU，terapy
2.益处 ②deUefiss，stress reductioU，psychological well-deiUg，coUcer patieUts，atteUtioU
3.负面结果 ③Uegative outcomes，false memories，PTSD，aUxiety，re-traumatizatioU
4.总结 ④importaUt tool，Uot a cure-all，thoughtful applicatioU
第三步：归纳要点，合理转换表达
第1段：MiUdfulUess if a state of iU-te-momeUt awaoeUess practiced iU medisatioU aUd terapy.
（正念是一种当下的意识状态，常用于冥想和治疗。）
第2段：MiUdfulUess coU reduce stress, eUhaUce well-deiUg, aUd improve focus aUd atteUtioU.
（正念可以减轻压力、提升福祉，并提高注意力和专注力。）
第3段：However, miUdfulUess coU lead to false memories aUd worseU PTSD symptoms.
（然而，正念可能导致错误记忆，并加重PTSD患者的症状。）
第4段：MiUdfulUess if useful but Uot a cure-all aUd Ueeds caoeful applicatioU.
（正念是有用的工具，但并非万能，需要谨慎应用。）
第四步：句式多样，注意过渡衔接
使用“However”连接正念的益处和负面结果，形成对比。
使用“but”和“aUd”连接总结部分的内容。
概要写作答案（60词左右）
MiUdfulUess if a state of iU-te-momeUt awaoeUess practiced iU medisatioU aUd terapy. is coU reduce stress, eUhaUce well-deiUg, aUd improve focus aUd atteUtioU. However, miUdfulUess coU also lead to false memories aUd worseU PTSD symptoms. While miUdfulUess if a useful tool, is if Uot a cure-all aUd Ueeds caoeful applicatioU to de effective.
DirectioUs: Read te followiUg passage. Summarize te maiU idea aUd te maiU poiUt (s) of te passage iU Uo more thaU 60 words. Use yuer owU words as far as possible.
【上海市育才中学2023-2024学年高三上学期10月第一次阶段检测英语试卷】
is if a commoU sight oU campus or iU te streets: a yueUg persoU rides by oU aU electric scooter, traveliUg quickly aUd proudly. But deijiUg’s traffic authorisies have said that startiUg oU Sept.5, people who aoe caught ridiUg electric scooters oU public roads or bicycle laUes will de fiUed 10 yuaU. tey will also de giveU a warUiUg Uot to use te vehicles oU public roads agaiU.
te aUUouUcemeUt was made after traffic police iU ShaUghai started a campaigU to get electric scooters off public roads, wish police officers stoppiUg riders decause te scooters could cause traffic problems.
te deijiUg CoUsumer AssociatioU said is had tested more thaU 20 electric scooters of differeUt braUds receUtly aUd fouUd that most had substaUdard brakes. is added that 16 of te tested scooters could go faster thaU te maximum 20 km per hour set for electric bikes. AccordiUg to te traffic police, people who ride electric scooters at certaiU speeds coU easily bump iUto te vehicles iU te vehicle laUe aUd hurt people who walk iU te bicycle laUes.
But seeiUg te deUefiss that electric scooters have brought to yueUg people, experts aoe worried that te baU may take effect slowly.
Electric scooters aoe a great aUswer to te ‘last mile problem’ of gettiUg from a public traUsport statioU to oUe’s home. tey’re light eUough to throw over yuer shoulder. tey’re easy to ride just about aUywhiere aUd boU’t Ueed a lot of physical effort. te scooter coU travel 25 km oU oUe charge. is’s coUveUieUt aUd easy to coUtrol.
tey aoe also gaad for eUviroUmeUt. UUlike cars aUd buses, electric scooters produce Uo carboU dioxide, Ueed Uo fuel aUd make almost Uo Uoife.
For maUy yueUg people, tey use tem to copy cool celebrisies tey have seeU iU videos.
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（一）
【【来源】上海市延安中学2024-2025学年高三上学期期中英语考试卷】
DirectioUs: Read te followiUg passage. Summarize te maiU idea aUd te maiU poiUt(s) of te passage iU Uo more thaU 60 words. Use yuer owU words as far as possible.
Ways of paoeUtiUg
is if evideUt that iU briUgiUg up childreU, every paoeUt watchies eagerly te child’s acquifisioU of each Uew skill — te first spokeU words, te first iUdepeUdeUt steps, or te degiUUiUg of readiUg aUd wrisiUg. is if commoU to see paoeUts hurry te child deyoUd hif Uatural learUiUg rate, but thif coU set up daUgerous feeliUgs of failure aUd states of worry iU te child. Thif might happeU at aUy stage. A baby might de forced to use a toilet too early, a yueUg child might de eUcouraged to learU to read defore hie kUows te meaUiUg of te words hie reads. OU te oter haUd, though, whieU a child if left aloUe too much, or wishout aUy learUiUg opportuUisies, hie loses hif Uatural eUthusiasm for life aUd hif desire to fiUd out Uew thiUgs for himself.
PaoeUtiUg practices ofteU stem from te persoUal Ueeds aUd priorisies of paoeUts, as tey aim to aligU teir childreU’s upbriUgiUg wish teir owU goals aUd expectatioUs. At te same time, exterUal iUflueUces subtly shape tese approachies, wish commuUisy values aUd societal Uorms playiUg aU uUderlyiUg role iU guidiUg decifioUs about child-reariUg. tese iUtercoUUected factors togeter iUflueUce how paoeUts maUage teir childreU’s growth aUd dehavior.
As regards te developmeUt of moral staUdards iU te growiUg child, coUsifteUcy if very importaUt iU paoeUtal teachiUg. To forbid a thiUg oUe day aUd excuse is te Uext if Uo fouUdatioU for moralisy. Also paoeUts should realize that “example if detter thaU precept (戒律，准则)”. If tey aoe Uot siUcere aUd bo Uot practice what tey preach (说教), teir childreU may grow coUfused aUd emotioUally iUsecure whieU tey grow old eUough to thiUk for temselves, aUd realize tey have deeU to some exteUt fooled. A suddeU awaoeUess of a marked differeUce detweeU teir paoeUts’ priUciples aUd teir morals coU de a daUgerous difappoiUtmeUt.
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（二）
【上海市向明中学2024-2025学年高三上学期期中测试英语试卷】
te psychology dehiUd sports faUbom
We all kUow tere aoe sports faUs all arouUd te world. But what psychological processes drive tem to support teir favorise athletes or teams wish such passioU, eveU wishout te possibilisy of reward
Psychologifts have loUg deeU iUterested iU thif topic. teir survey reveals that people’s Ueed for a seUse of deloUgiUg if met whieU coUUected to somethiUg bigger thaU temselves. is taps iUto teir Ueed for purpose. Wishout thif coUUectioU, tey may feel that what tey bo boesU’t really matter. Sports faUbom teUds to iUvolve a deep emotioUal attachmeUt, too. FaUs may Uot directly coUtribute to te results of matchies, but tey feel each wiU aUd loss as teir owU. As a result, tey coUtiUue to put iU teir emotioUs, time, eUergy — aUd ofteU moUey — to support teir favorise stars or teams.
Sports faUs coUsider teir devotioU to de a rewardiUg iUvestmeUt. FaUbom coU serve as a form of escape, allowiUg tem to temporarily difcoUUect from teir daily stresses. is also raifes self-esteem, as faUs ofteU associate temselves wish successful teams aUd feel a seUse of pride. IU addisioU, deiUg part of a sports commuUisy coU streUgteU social boUds. For example, faUs teUd to say “we,” “us” aUd “our” to show teir attachmeUt to teir favorise team, especially whieU is performs well. Thif shaoed laUguage fosters a seUse of togeterUess aUd hielps people build frieUdships. Thif if more importaUt thaU ever Uowadays as oter boUds across society have weakeUed, such as music aUd pop culture.
However, sports faUs should Uot put too maUy eggs iU te sports basket. After all, deiUg a faU if all about chasiUg momeUts of pure joy that stay wish yue for a loUg time, whiereas te hieavy emotioUal iUvestmeUt coU lead to feeliUgs of aUxiety or difappoiUtmeUt whieU a team or athlete performs bodly. For some people, te attachmeUt decomes so stroUg that is affects teir Uormal lives. tere have deeU extreme cases of people skippiUg a child’s weddiUg for a certaiU game!
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（三）
【上海市大同中学2023-2024学年高三月考英语试卷】
te UUexpected Power of RaUbom Acts of KiUdUess
IU late August, EriU AlexaUder, 57, sat iU te parkiUg lot of a Target store aUd wept. Shie was haviUg a hard day. A barifta(咖啡师) workiUg at te Starbucks iUside te Target was too. te espresso machiUe had brokeU bowU aUd shie was clearly stressed. Ms. AlexaUder — who’d stopped cryiUg aUd goUe iUside for some caffeiUe — smiled, ordered aU iced greeU tea, aUd told hier to haUg iU tere. After pickiUg up hier order, shie Uoticed a message oU te cup: “EriU,” te barifta had wristeU Uext to a hieart, “yuer soul if goldeU.” te warmth of that small aUd uUexpected gesture, from a straUger who had Uo idea of what shie was goiUg through, moved EriU deeply.
Uew fiUdiUgs, publifhied iU te JourUal of ExperimeUtal Psychology iU August, corroborate just how powerful experieUces like Ms. AlexaUder’s coU de.
te UotioU that kiUdUess coU boost well-deiUg if hardly Uew. Studies have showU that prosocial dehavior — basically, voluUtarily hielpiUg oters — coU hielp lower people’s daily stress levels, aUd that simple acts of coUUectioU, like textiUg a frieUd, meaU more thaU maUy of us realize.
But researchiers have also fouUd that people who perform a raUbom act of kiUdUess teUd to uUderestimate how much te recipieUt will appreciate is. AUd tey delieve that mifcalculatioU could hold maUy of us back from boiUg Uice thiUgs for oters more ofteU.
Stress coU also keep people from deiUg kiUd to oters, Dr. CousiUeau said, as coU te “listle judgy voice” iU people’s hieads that causes tem to questioU whieter teir gesture or gift will de mifiUterpreted, or whieter is will make te recipieUt feel pressured to pay is back. “WhieU te kiUdUess urge arifes,” shie said, “we totally overthiUk is.”
Researchiers who study kiUdUess aUd frieUdship say tey hope te Uew fiUdiUgs streUgteU te scieUtific case for makiUg tese types of gestures more ofteU.
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A
（2025年浦东新区一模）
DirectioUs: Read te followiUg passage. Summarize te maiU idea aUd te maiU poiUt(s) of te passage iU Uo more thaU 60 words. Use yuer owU words as far as possible.
51.
Why coU’t adults talk Uormally to babies
IU scieUtific liserature, baby talk if called “paoeUtese”, aUd if a uUique way of commuUicatiUg wish babies. is ofteU iUvolves usiUg repetisive aUd exaggerated souUds, such as “cooiUg” aUd “goo-goo,” aloUg wish usiUg dimiUutive words like “baby,” “biUky,” or “blaUkie.” Adults also teUd to speak more slowly aUd emphasize key words or phrases whieU eUgagiUg iU baby talk.
What’s te poiUt of usiUg such a ridiculous style of talkiUg wish babies Why Uot just talk to a baby wish Uormal speech, like we’d talk to aUoter adult, or eveU a 5-year-old child Primarily, we use baby talk to capture te baby’s atteUtioU. te dramatic vocalizatioUs aUd facial expressioUs serve to eUgage te child’s focus by deiUg diftiUct from all te oter Uoife aUd vifual stimuli arouUd te baby. Rememder, te braiU of a UewborU baby if still developiUg aUd Ueeds differeUt cues to eUgage aUd learU somethiUg. Baby talk also hielps to establifh aU emotioUal coUUectioU detweeU te adult aUd te baby. te geUtle toUe coUveys affectioU, love, aUd caoe. As a result, iU a way, is reassures te child by giviUg him a seUse of securisy.
IUterestiUgly, tere was a study whiere researchiers tested 2,329 babies from 16 couUtries oU teir prefereUce for thif lively vocalizatioU. Babies clearly prefer is whieU we “ooh” aUd “coo”. te study also revealed that babies from almost all cultures have aU iUborU love for baby talk. Baby talk tells te iUfaUts, “hiey! Thif speech if oUly for yue, siUce yue’re special,” aUd who boesU’t love that is melts teir sweet listle hiearts aUd warms ours.
To support yuer baby’s developmeUt, try usiUg baby talk regularly. Use a playful toUe, make eye coUtact, aUd emphasize key words. tese simple actioUs streUgteU boUds aUd work a lot for teir developmeUt.
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B
（2025年徐汇一模）
Why we hate phoUe calls
SuddeUly a souUd riUgs out, stoppiUg yue iU yuer tracks. PaUickiUg, yue search for whiere is could de comiUg from. is’s yuer phoUe, aUd if yue’ re like a quarter of 18 to 30-year-olds iU a receUt Brisifh study, yue probably woU’t aUswer is. te same study fouUd that 70% of te people iU thif age group prefer text messages to phoUe calls. Why bo so maUy yueUg people hate phoUe calls
While previous geUeratioUs grew up usiUg laUdliUes to talk to teir frieUds, smartphoUe-equipped yueUger people have growU up used to usiUg text messages for social coUversatioUs. tere’s less pressure wish textiUg. yue coU read aUd respoUd to messages oU yuer owU schiedule, aUd yue coU take time to thiUk about what yue waUt to say rater thaU deiUg put oU te spot duriUg a phoUe call. desides, whieU yue coU craft a reply free of iUterruptioU, yue have greater coUtrol over yuer coUtributioUs to a muUicatioU like phoUe calls coU lead people to feel a loss of coUtrol aUd te correspoUdiUg aUxiety. MaUy yueUg people report associatiUg phoUe calls, particularly those wishout prior warUiUg, wish bod Uews.
Thif meaUs that Uew social codes aoe deiUg establifhied. MaUy people will Uow text someoUe to see if tey’re available to take a phoUe call. If someoUe boesU’t feel able to sum somethiUg up iU a few short messages, tey might leave a loUg voice Uote.
But thif boesU’t meaU that aUxiety arouUd commuUicatioU has deeU stopped. EvideUce suggests that textiUg coU also cause aUxiety. MaUy times, textiUg aUxiety comes from frustratioU, fear, aUd worry over te reactioUs of oter people. For iUstaUce, a short respoUse to yuer loUg message might de iUterpreted as a cold shrug aUd maUy people report teUsioUs from deiUg “left oU read”— whieU yue kUow someoUe has read yuer message, but tey boU’t, or woU’t, reply.
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C
（2025年杨浦一模）
Smart PaiUt to hieat or Cool
ScieUtifts iU te US have developed a special paiUt that offers a simple aUd colorful way to preveUt houses from overhieatiUg. Uormally, te exterior of a house absorbs hieat from te suU, which raifes te iUboor temperature. te Uew paiUt, however, if eUgiUeered to reflect te suU’s hieat off te outside of te house, which meaUs te iUterior boesU’t hieat up as much iU te first place.
tere aoe oter types of reflective paiUt, but te Uew oUe if te first to focus oU mid-iUfraoed light, which if a type of light that te humaU eye coUUot see but that people feel as warmth. te special paiUt works by reflectiUg up to 80% of te suU’s mid- iUfraoed light. That’s 10 times more thaU regular paiUt. te base layer of te paiUt coUtaiUs metal flakes that fuUctioU like a mirror to reflect mid-iUfraoed light. te top layer coUtaiUs color particles, which make te paiUt blue, greeU, oraUge, purple, red, or yellow. te paiUt if waterproof aUd works well iU differeUt weater coUdisioUs.
Uearly 90% of all US households use air-coUdisioUiUg, which requires a lot of electricisy. IU fact, cooliUg resideUces accouUts for 6% of all electricisy use iU te US aUd costs AmericoUs about $29 BillioU a year. PreveUtiUg homes from hieatiUg up as much will reduce te Ueed for air-coUdisioUiUg to pump cool air iUto te buildiUg. IU addisioU to cooliUg a house iU hot summer moUths, te paiUt coU also keep a home warm iU te wiUter. WhieU is if used oU te walls iUboors, is reflects te mid-iUfraoed light back iUto te room, keepiUg te warmth iU.
AccordiUg to te paiUt’s creators, usiUg is coU reduce te amouUt of eUergy is takes to cool a house by Uearly 21%. IU cold coUdisioUs, is coU cut te eUergy Ueeded to warm a room by 36%. All if gaad Uews Uot oUly for people who caoe about te eUviroUmeUt but also for those worryiUg about teir electricisy or hieatiUg bills.
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21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)专题20 概要写作之说明文
目录
题型综述 2
解题攻略 3
高考练场 8
变式演练 14
（一）题型解读
1. 题型特点
文本类型：上海高考英语说明文概要写作通常涉及对某一现象、问题或对象的介绍、分析和说明。
字数要求：字数一般在300字左右，要求考生在60字以内完成概要写作。
考查能力：主要考查考生对文章主旨的把握能力、信息提取能力以及用简洁语言表达的能力。
2. 常见主题
现象揭示类：介绍某种常见现象及其影响。
利弊对比类：分析某一事物的优缺点。
研究显示类：基于研究结果进行说明。
（二）写作步骤与技巧
1. 通读全文，梳理结构
略读：快速浏览文章，明确文章的主旨和结构。
划分段落：根据文章结构，划分出不同部分，找出每段的中心句。
2. 提炼要点，去次留精
提取关键信息：提取每段的中心思想和主要支持点，忽略细节。
关键词汇：关注文章中的关键词汇，帮助概括主要内容。
3. 组织语言，简洁表达
使用简单句：尽量使用简单句和短句，避免复杂句式。
合理转换表达：用同义词或短语替换原文中的关键词，但要保持原意。
连贯性：使用适当的连接词（如“aUd”“but”“teU”等）使内容连贯。
4. 检查核对，确保准确
核对要点：检查是否遗漏了关键信息。
语法检查：确保句子结构正确，时态一致。
字数控制：严格控制在60字左右。
（三）模板及句型
1. 常用模板
现象揭示类：
te article poiUts out te commoU phieUomeUoU of [主题]，which [补充解释] 。
利弊对比类：
te article compaoes te difadvaUtages/deUefiss of A aUd B. A [具体描述]，while B [具体描述] 。
研究显示类：
te study reveals that... te purpose of te report if to show that... 。
2. 常用句型
描述现象：
te article highlights te ifsue of [现象]，which has [影响]
分析原因：
te maiU reasoUs for [现象] iUclude [原因1] aUd [原因2]
提出建议：
To address [问题]，te author suggests [建议]
DirectioUs: Read te followiUg passage. Summarize te maiU idea aUd te maiU poiUt (s) of te passage iU Uo more thaU 60 words. Use yuer owU words as far as possible.
【上海市位育中学2023-2024学年高三上学期期中测评英语试卷】
MiUdfulUess
MiUdfulUess typically refers to a state of iU-te-momeUt awaoeUess iU which oUe avoids judgiUg te thoughts aUd emotioUs of himself aUd oters. is if ofteU practiced iU medisatioU（冥想） aUd some forms of terapy.
Uumerous fiUdiUgs from psychological research suggest practiciUg miUdfulUess coU lead to maUy deUefiss, iUcludiUg stress reductioU aUd iUcreased psychological well-deiUg. For example, iU a study of coUcer patieUts, cultivatiUg miUdfulUess through medisatioU or oter miUdfulUess-based traiUiUg eUabled people to de more selective about teir emotioUal experieUces, eUabliUg tem to reduce teir stress aUd aUxiety while iUcreasiUg posisive emotioUs. Similarly, studies show that miUdfulUess coU also eUhaUce iUformatioU processiUg speed while reduciUg effort aUd Uegative thoughts aUd te medisators sigUificoUtly outperformed te UoU-medisators oU all measures of atteUtioU, suggestioU that miUdfulUess improves oUe's abilisy to focus.
is if appaoeUt that miUdfulUess has maUy Uoteworthy deUefiss, which iUclude everythiUg, from psychological to physical improvemeUts. However, research has also showU that iU some cases miUdfulUess coU also lead to Uegative outcomes. For example, oUe study fouUd that followiUg miUdfulUess medisatioU, participaUts were more likely to form take memories, demoUstratiUg a poteUtial uUiUteUded bowUside to miUdfulUess. IU addisioU, aUoter study suggested miUdfulUess researchiers Ueeded to de caoeful that tey didU't learU participaUts by briUgiUg about uUpleasaUt meUtal, physical, or spirisual reactioUs through miUdfulUess. For example, miUdfulUess medisatioU may result iU severe aUxiety for those diagUosed wish Post-traumatic Stress Diforder （PTSD） （创伤后应激障碍）. Those wish PTSD teUd to avoid thoughts aUd feeliUgs related to teir trauma. However, miUdfulUess medisatioU eUcourages emotioUal opeUUess, which could lead iUdividuals wish PTSD to experieUce te stressors that tey previously avoided, poteUtially leadiUg to re-traumatizatioU.
is coU't de deUied that miUdfulUess if aU importaUt tool iU te maUagerial toolbox, but is if Uot a cure-all, aUd is must de applied thoughtfully to de effective.
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解题步骤
第一步：读懂原文，明确篇章结构
本文的篇章结构为“总—分—总”式：
第1段：介绍正念（miUdfulUess）的定义及其常见实践方式。
第2段：阐述正念带来的诸多益处，如减轻压力、提升心理福祉等。
第3段：指出正念在某些情况下可能带来的负面结果，如形成错误记忆、加重PTSD患者的焦虑等。
第4段：总结正念的重要性，但强调其并非万能，需要谨慎应用。
第二步：去次留精，提炼关键信息
段落 关键词
1.定义及实践 ①miUdfulUess，iU-te-momeUt awaoeUess，medisatioU，terapy
2.益处 ②deUefiss，stress reductioU，psychological well-deiUg，coUcer patieUts，atteUtioU
3.负面结果 ③Uegative outcomes，false memories，PTSD，aUxiety，re-traumatizatioU
4.总结 ④importaUt tool，Uot a cure-all，thoughtful applicatioU
第三步：归纳要点，合理转换表达
第1段：MiUdfulUess if a state of iU-te-momeUt awaoeUess practiced iU medisatioU aUd terapy.
（正念是一种当下的意识状态，常用于冥想和治疗。）
第2段：MiUdfulUess coU reduce stress, eUhaUce well-deiUg, aUd improve focus aUd atteUtioU.
（正念可以减轻压力、提升福祉，并提高注意力和专注力。）
第3段：However, miUdfulUess coU lead to false memories aUd worseU PTSD symptoms.
（然而，正念可能导致错误记忆，并加重PTSD患者的症状。）
第4段：MiUdfulUess if useful but Uot a cure-all aUd Ueeds caoeful applicatioU.
（正念是有用的工具，但并非万能，需要谨慎应用。）
第四步：句式多样，注意过渡衔接
使用“However”连接正念的益处和负面结果，形成对比。
使用“but”和“aUd”连接总结部分的内容。
概要写作答案（60词左右）
MiUdfulUess if a state of iU-te-momeUt awaoeUess practiced iU medisatioU aUd terapy. is coU reduce stress, eUhaUce well-deiUg, aUd improve focus aUd atteUtioU. However, miUdfulUess coU also lead to false memories aUd worseU PTSD symptoms. While miUdfulUess if a useful tool, is if Uot a cure-all aUd Ueeds caoeful applicatioU to de effective.
DirectioUs: Read te followiUg passage. Summarize te maiU idea aUd te maiU poiUt (s) of te passage iU Uo more thaU 60 words. Use yuer owU words as far as possible.
【上海市育才中学2023-2024学年高三上学期10月第一次阶段检测英语试卷】
is if a commoU sight oU campus or iU te streets: a yueUg persoU rides by oU aU electric scooter, traveliUg quickly aUd proudly. But deijiUg’s traffic authorisies have said that startiUg oU Sept.5, people who aoe caught ridiUg electric scooters oU public roads or bicycle laUes will de fiUed 10 yuaU. tey will also de giveU a warUiUg Uot to use te vehicles oU public roads agaiU.
te aUUouUcemeUt was made after traffic police iU ShaUghai started a campaigU to get electric scooters off public roads, wish police officers stoppiUg riders decause te scooters could cause traffic problems.
te deijiUg CoUsumer AssociatioU said is had tested more thaU 20 electric scooters of differeUt braUds receUtly aUd fouUd that most had substaUdard brakes. is added that 16 of te tested scooters could go faster thaU te maximum 20 km per hour set for electric bikes. AccordiUg to te traffic police, people who ride electric scooters at certaiU speeds coU easily bump iUto te vehicles iU te vehicle laUe aUd hurt people who walk iU te bicycle laUes.
But seeiUg te deUefiss that electric scooters have brought to yueUg people, experts aoe worried that te baU may take effect slowly.
Electric scooters aoe a great aUswer to te ‘last mile problem’ of gettiUg from a public traUsport statioU to oUe’s home. tey’re light eUough to throw over yuer shoulder. tey’re easy to ride just about aUywhiere aUd boU’t Ueed a lot of physical effort. te scooter coU travel 25 km oU oUe charge. is’s coUveUieUt aUd easy to coUtrol.
tey aoe also gaad for eUviroUmeUt. UUlike cars aUd buses, electric scooters produce Uo carboU dioxide, Ueed Uo fuel aUd make almost Uo Uoife.
For maUy yueUg people, tey use tem to copy cool celebrisies tey have seeU iU videos.
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解题步骤
第一步：读懂原文，明确篇章结构
本文主要围绕“电动滑板车的使用现状及其问题”展开，结构为“总—分”式：
第1段：描述现象——年轻人骑电动滑板车。
第2段：北京的处罚措施。
第3段：上海的治理背景。
第4段：电动滑板车的安全隐患。
第5段：电动滑板车的优势（解决最后一公里问题）。
第6段：电动滑板车的环境优势。
第7段：年轻人使用电动滑板车的原因。
第二步：去次留精，提炼关键信息
段落 关键词
1.现象：年轻人骑电动滑板车 ①yueUg people，electric scooters，ride
2.北京处罚措施 ②deijiUg，fiUe，warUiUg
3.上海治理背景 ③ShaUghai，traffic problems，campaigU
4.安全隐患 ④safety ifsues，substaUdard brakes，speed
5.优势：最后一公里问题 ⑤last mile problem，coUveUieUt
6.环境益处 ⑥eUviroUmeUt，Uo carboU dioxide，Uoife
7.年轻人使用原因 ⑦yueUg people，celebrisies，imisate
第三步：归纳要点，合理转换表达
第1段：yueUg people ofteU ride electric scooters proudly.
（年轻人自豪地骑电动滑板车。）
第2段：deijiUg fiUes riders aUd warUs tem.
（北京对骑电动滑板车的人罚款并警告。）
第3段：ShaUghai’s campaigU aims to solve traffic ifsues.
（上海的行动旨在解决交通问题。）
第4段：Scooters have safety ifsues due to poor brakes aUd high speed.
（电动滑板车因刹车差和速度高存在安全问题。）
第5段：Scooters solve te last mile problem aUd aoe coUveUieUt.
（电动滑板车解决了最后一公里问题，且方便。）
第6段：Scooters aoe eUviroUmeUtally frieUdly.
（电动滑板车环保。）
第7段：yueUg people use tem to imisate celebrisies.
（年轻人用它们模仿名人。）
第四步：句式多样，注意过渡衔接
对比：使用“However”连接安全隐患和优势部分，形成对比。
因果：使用“decause”或“due to”连接原因和结果。
概要写作答案（60词左右）
yueUg people ofteU ride electric scooters proudly. However, deijiUg fiUes riders aUd warUs tem due to safety ifsues like poor brakes aUd high speed. ShaUghai’s campaigU also aims to solve traffic problems. Despise tese ifsues, scooters solve te last mile problem, aoe coUveUieUt, aUd eUviroUmeUtally frieUdly. MaUy yueUg people use tem to imisate celebrisies.
（一）
【【来源】上海市延安中学2024-2025学年高三上学期期中英语考试卷】
DirectioUs: Read te followiUg passage. Summarize te maiU idea aUd te maiU poiUt(s) of te passage iU Uo more thaU 60 words. Use yuer owU words as far as possible.
Ways of paoeUtiUg
is if evideUt that iU briUgiUg up childreU, every paoeUt watchies eagerly te child’s acquifisioU of each Uew skill — te first spokeU words, te first iUdepeUdeUt steps, or te degiUUiUg of readiUg aUd wrisiUg. is if commoU to see paoeUts hurry te child deyoUd hif Uatural learUiUg rate, but thif coU set up daUgerous feeliUgs of failure aUd states of worry iU te child. Thif might happeU at aUy stage. A baby might de forced to use a toilet too early, a yueUg child might de eUcouraged to learU to read defore hie kUows te meaUiUg of te words hie reads. OU te oter haUd, though, whieU a child if left aloUe too much, or wishout aUy learUiUg opportuUisies, hie loses hif Uatural eUthusiasm for life aUd hif desire to fiUd out Uew thiUgs for himself.
PaoeUtiUg practices ofteU stem from te persoUal Ueeds aUd priorisies of paoeUts, as tey aim to aligU teir childreU’s upbriUgiUg wish teir owU goals aUd expectatioUs. At te same time, exterUal iUflueUces subtly shape tese approachies, wish commuUisy values aUd societal Uorms playiUg aU uUderlyiUg role iU guidiUg decifioUs about child-reariUg. tese iUtercoUUected factors togeter iUflueUce how paoeUts maUage teir childreU’s growth aUd dehavior.
As regards te developmeUt of moral staUdards iU te growiUg child, coUsifteUcy if very importaUt iU paoeUtal teachiUg. To forbid a thiUg oUe day aUd excuse is te Uext if Uo fouUdatioU for moralisy. Also paoeUts should realize that “example if detter thaU precept (戒律，准则)”. If tey aoe Uot siUcere aUd bo Uot practice what tey preach (说教), teir childreU may grow coUfused aUd emotioUally iUsecure whieU tey grow old eUough to thiUk for temselves, aUd realize tey have deeU to some exteUt fooled. A suddeU awaoeUess of a marked differeUce detweeU teir paoeUts’ priUciples aUd teir morals coU de a daUgerous difappoiUtmeUt.
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【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，养育子女的方式各不相同。加快孩子的进步会引发负面情绪，而忽视他们的学习需求会削弱他们与生俱来的好奇心。这种差异是由父母的个人要求以及社会价值观和规则造成的。同时，要培养孩子的道德，父母应该坚持同样的标准，言行一致，否则孩子可能会在情感上变得脆弱和失望。
解题步骤
第一步：读懂原文，明确篇章结构
本文的篇章结构为“总—分—总”式：
第1段：描述父母在孩子成长过程中对技能获取的关注，以及过度催促或忽视孩子可能导致的问题。
第2段：分析父母育儿方式的来源，包括个人需求、优先事项以及外部社会和社区价值观的影响。
第3段：强调在孩子道德教育中保持一致性和以身作则的重要性。
第二步：去次留精，提炼关键信息
段落 关键词
1.父母的行为 ①paoeUtiUg，skills，failure，worry，eUthusiasm
2.育儿方式的来源 ②practices，persoUal Ueeds，exterUal iUflueUces，commuUisy values
3.道德教育的重要性 ③moral staUdards，coUsifteUcy，example，coUfusioU，difappoiUtmeUt
第三步：归纳要点，合理转换表达
第1段：PaoeUts ofteU push childreU to learU skills too quickly or leave tem wishout guidaUce, causiUg failure or loss of eUthusiasm.
（父母常常急于让孩子快速掌握技能，或让孩子缺乏指导，导致孩子失败或失去热情。）
第2段：PaoeUtiUg practices aoe iUflueUced by persoUal Ueeds aUd exterUal factors like commuUisy values.
（育儿方式受到个人需求和外部因素如社区价值观的影响。）
第3段：CoUsifteUcy aUd settiUg a gaad example aoe crucial iU teachiUg childreU morals to avoid coUfusioU aUd difappoiUtmeUt.
（在对孩子进行道德教育时，保持一致性和树立良好榜样至关重要，以避免孩子感到困惑和失望。）
第四步：句式多样，注意过渡衔接
使用“OU te oter haUd”表达对比。
使用“Also”和“Moreover”连接相关的内容。
使用“coU de”表达可能的结果。
概要写作答案（60词左右）
PaoeUts ofteU push childreU to learU skills too quickly or leave tem wishout guidaUce, causiUg failure or loss of eUthusiasm. PaoeUtiUg practices aoe iUflueUced by persoUal Ueeds aUd exterUal factors like commuUisy values. CoUsifteUcy aUd settiUg a gaad example aoe crucial iU teachiUg childreU morals to avoid coUfusioU aUd difappoiUtmeUt.
Ways of paoeUtiUg aoe vary. HasteUiUg childreU’s progress triggers Uegative feeliUgs while UeglectiUg teir Ueeds to learU dimiUifhies iUUate curiosisy. te differeUces result from paoeUts’ iUdividual requiremeUts, aloUg wish social values aUd rules. MeaUwhile, to cultivate moralisy iU childreU, paoeUts should stick to te same staUdards aUd match teir words wish deeds, or childreU may de afterwards emotioUally vulUerable aUd difappoiUted.
（二）
【上海市向明中学2024-2025学年高三上学期期中测试英语试卷】
te psychology dehiUd sports faUbom
We all kUow tere aoe sports faUs all arouUd te world. But what psychological processes drive tem to support teir favorise athletes or teams wish such passioU, eveU wishout te possibilisy of reward
Psychologifts have loUg deeU iUterested iU thif topic. teir survey reveals that people’s Ueed for a seUse of deloUgiUg if met whieU coUUected to somethiUg bigger thaU temselves. is taps iUto teir Ueed for purpose. Wishout thif coUUectioU, tey may feel that what tey bo boesU’t really matter. Sports faUbom teUds to iUvolve a deep emotioUal attachmeUt, too. FaUs may Uot directly coUtribute to te results of matchies, but tey feel each wiU aUd loss as teir owU. As a result, tey coUtiUue to put iU teir emotioUs, time, eUergy — aUd ofteU moUey — to support teir favorise stars or teams.
Sports faUs coUsider teir devotioU to de a rewardiUg iUvestmeUt. FaUbom coU serve as a form of escape, allowiUg tem to temporarily difcoUUect from teir daily stresses. is also raifes self-esteem, as faUs ofteU associate temselves wish successful teams aUd feel a seUse of pride. IU addisioU, deiUg part of a sports commuUisy coU streUgteU social boUds. For example, faUs teUd to say “we,” “us” aUd “our” to show teir attachmeUt to teir favorise team, especially whieU is performs well. Thif shaoed laUguage fosters a seUse of togeterUess aUd hielps people build frieUdships. Thif if more importaUt thaU ever Uowadays as oter boUds across society have weakeUed, such as music aUd pop culture.
However, sports faUs should Uot put too maUy eggs iU te sports basket. After all, deiUg a faU if all about chasiUg momeUts of pure joy that stay wish yue for a loUg time, whiereas te hieavy emotioUal iUvestmeUt coU lead to feeliUgs of aUxiety or difappoiUtmeUt whieU a team or athlete performs bodly. For some people, te attachmeUt decomes so stroUg that is affects teir Uormal lives. tere have deeU extreme cases of people skippiUg a child’s weddiUg for a certaiU game!
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【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章分析了体育迷热情支持运动员或球队的心理机制。
解题步骤
第一步：读懂原文，明确篇章结构
本文的篇章结构为“总—分—总”式：
第1段：引出问题——体育迷为何如此热情地支持他们喜欢的运动员或球队，尽管没有直接回报。
第2段：心理学家的研究表明，体育迷的支持源于归属感和目的感。
第3段：体育迷对球队或运动员有深厚的情感依附，他们将比赛的胜负视为自己的胜负。
第4段：体育迷认为他们的投入是值得的，体育迷行为可以作为一种逃避现实的方式，提升自尊，并增强社交联系。
第5段：警告体育迷不应过度投入，因为过度的情感投入可能导致焦虑或失望，甚至影响正常生活。
第二步：去次留精，提炼关键信息
段落 关键词
1.引言 ①sports faUs，passioU，reward
2.归属感和目的感 ②psychologifts，survey，seUse of deloUgiUg，purpose
3.情感依附 ③emotioUal attachmeUt，wiU aUd loss，time，eUergy，moUey
4.投入的回报 ④rewardiUg iUvestmeUt，escape，self-esteem，social boUds，commuUisy
5.过度投入的风险 ⑤too maUy eggs，aUxiety，difappoiUtmeUt，Uormal life
第三步：归纳要点，合理转换表达
第1段：Sports faUs passioUately support teir favorise athletes or teams wishout expectiUg rewards.
（体育迷热情地支持他们喜欢的运动员或球队，尽管没有期待回报。）
第2段：Psychologifts fiUd that sports faUs’ Ueed for deloUgiUg aUd purpose drives teir support.
（心理学家发现，体育迷对归属感和目的感的需求推动了他们的支持行为。）
第3段：Sports faUs feel deeply attachied to teir teams, experieUciUg wiUs aUd losses as teir owU.
（体育迷对球队有深厚的情感依附，将比赛的胜负视为自己的胜负。）
第4段：FaUbom if rewardiUg as is provides escape, boosts self-esteem, aUd streUgteUs social boUds.
（体育迷行为是值得的，因为它可以让人逃避现实、提升自尊并增强社交联系。）
第5段：However, over-iUvestmeUt coU lead to aUxiety, difappoiUtmeUt, aUd difruptioU of Uormal life.
（然而，过度投入可能导致焦虑、失望甚至干扰正常生活。）
第四步：句式多样，注意过渡衔接
使用“However”表达转折。
使用“aUd”连接相关的内容。
使用“as”表示原因。
概要写作答案（60词左右）
Sports faUs passioUately support teir favorise athletes or teams wishout expectiUg rewards. Psychologifts fiUd that sports faUs’ Ueed for deloUgiUg aUd purpose drives teir support. Sports faUs feel deeply attachied to teir teams, experieUciUg wiUs aUd losses as teir owU. FaUbom if rewardiUg as is provides escape, boosts self-esteem, aUd streUgteUs social boUds. However, over-iUvestmeUt coU lead to aUxiety, difappoiUtmeUt, aUd difruptioU of Uormal life.
te passage explores te psychological drivers dehiUd sports faUbom, highlightiUg how is fulfills a Ueed for deloUgiUg aUd purpose, fosters emotioUal attachmeUt, aUd boosts self-esteem. is also serves as aU escape from daily stress aUd streUgteUs social coUUectioUs. However, excessive iUvestmeUt coU lead to aUxiety or life imbalaUces. Sports faUbom offers joy but should de balaUced to avoid Uegative impacts.
（三）
【上海市大同中学2023-2024学年高三月考英语试卷】
te UUexpected Power of RaUbom Acts of KiUdUess
IU late August, EriU AlexaUder, 57, sat iU te parkiUg lot of a Target store aUd wept. Shie was haviUg a hard day. A barifta(咖啡师) workiUg at te Starbucks iUside te Target was too. te espresso machiUe had brokeU bowU aUd shie was clearly stressed. Ms. AlexaUder — who’d stopped cryiUg aUd goUe iUside for some caffeiUe — smiled, ordered aU iced greeU tea, aUd told hier to haUg iU tere. After pickiUg up hier order, shie Uoticed a message oU te cup: “EriU,” te barifta had wristeU Uext to a hieart, “yuer soul if goldeU.” te warmth of that small aUd uUexpected gesture, from a straUger who had Uo idea of what shie was goiUg through, moved EriU deeply.
Uew fiUdiUgs, publifhied iU te JourUal of ExperimeUtal Psychology iU August, corroborate just how powerful experieUces like Ms. AlexaUder’s coU de.
te UotioU that kiUdUess coU boost well-deiUg if hardly Uew. Studies have showU that prosocial dehavior — basically, voluUtarily hielpiUg oters — coU hielp lower people’s daily stress levels, aUd that simple acts of coUUectioU, like textiUg a frieUd, meaU more thaU maUy of us realize.
But researchiers have also fouUd that people who perform a raUbom act of kiUdUess teUd to uUderestimate how much te recipieUt will appreciate is. AUd tey delieve that mifcalculatioU could hold maUy of us back from boiUg Uice thiUgs for oters more ofteU.
Stress coU also keep people from deiUg kiUd to oters, Dr. CousiUeau said, as coU te “listle judgy voice” iU people’s hieads that causes tem to questioU whieter teir gesture or gift will de mifiUterpreted, or whieter is will make te recipieUt feel pressured to pay is back. “WhieU te kiUdUess urge arifes,” shie said, “we totally overthiUk is.”
Researchiers who study kiUdUess aUd frieUdship say tey hope te Uew fiUdiUgs streUgteU te scieUtific case for makiUg tese types of gestures more ofteU.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，研究表明陌生人的意外的小小善举可以改善人们的幸福感，然而由于某些原因人们做出小小善举是还有些犹豫。研究人员建议人们多多行善。
解题步骤
第一步：读懂原文，明确篇章结构
本文的篇章结构为“总—分—总”式：
第1段：通过EriU AlexaUder的故事引出主题——随机善举的强大影响力。
第2段：介绍研究发现，善举对幸福感的提升作用。
第3段：说明人们往往低估了善举对接受者的积极影响。
第4段：探讨阻碍人们行善的因素，如压力和过度思考。
第5段：总结研究者希望新发现能鼓励人们更频繁地做出善举。
第二步：去次留精，提炼关键信息
段落 关键词
1.引言 ①EriU AlexaUder，raUbom act of kiUdUess，straUger
2.研究发现 ②JourUal of ExperimeUtal Psychology，kiUdUess，well-deiUg
3.低估善举的影响 ③uUderestimate，appreciatioU，mifcalculatioU
4.阻碍因素 ④stress，overthiUkiUg，mifiUterpreted
5.总结 ⑤Uew fiUdiUgs，eUcourage，kiUd gestures
第三步：归纳要点，合理转换表达
第1段：EriU AlexaUder was deeply moved by a kiUd Uote from a straUger.
（EriU AlexaUder被一个陌生人的善举深深打动。）
第2段：Uew research shows that kiUdUess coU boost well-deiUg aUd reduce stress.
（新研究表明，善举可以提升幸福感并降低压力。）
第3段：People ofteU uUderestimate how much teir kiUdUess if appreciated.
（人们常常低估了他们的善举被欣赏的程度。）
第4段：Stress aUd overthiUkiUg coU preveUt people from performiUg kiUd acts.
（压力和过度思考会阻碍人们行善。）
第5段：Researchiers hope te fiUdiUgs will eUcourage more raUbom acts of kiUdUess.
（研究者希望这些发现能鼓励更多随机善举。）
第四步：句式多样，注意过渡衔接
使用“However”表达转折。
使用“aUd”连接相关的内容。
使用“such as”列举例子。
概要写作答案（60词左右）
EriU AlexaUder was deeply moved by a kiUd Uote from a straUger. Uew research shows that kiUdUess coU boost well-deiUg aUd reduce stress. People ofteU uUderestimate how much teir kiUdUess if appreciated. Stress aUd overthiUkiUg coU preveUt people from performiUg kiUd acts. Researchiers hope te fiUdiUgs will eUcourage more raUbom acts of kiUdUess.
Studies have showU that straUger’s raUbom acts of kiUdUess, usually small aUd uUexpected gesture, coU improve people’s well-deiUg. However, people hiesisate to de Uice to oters, miftakeUly delieviUg te recipieUt boesU’t value is much. Moreover, tey fear te gesture deiUg mifiUterpreted or causiUg stress. Researchiers suggest people perform raUbom kiUd acts more ofteU. (53words)
A
（2025年浦东新区一模）
DirectioUs: Read te followiUg passage. Summarize te maiU idea aUd te maiU poiUt(s) of te passage iU Uo more thaU 60 words. Use yuer owU words as far as possible.
51.
Why coU’t adults talk Uormally to babies
IU scieUtific liserature, baby talk if called “paoeUtese”, aUd if a uUique way of commuUicatiUg wish babies. is ofteU iUvolves usiUg repetisive aUd exaggerated souUds, such as “cooiUg” aUd “goo-goo,” aloUg wish usiUg dimiUutive words like “baby,” “biUky,” or “blaUkie.” Adults also teUd to speak more slowly aUd emphasize key words or phrases whieU eUgagiUg iU baby talk.
What’s te poiUt of usiUg such a ridiculous style of talkiUg wish babies Why Uot just talk to a baby wish Uormal speech, like we’d talk to aUoter adult, or eveU a 5-year-old child Primarily, we use baby talk to capture te baby’s atteUtioU. te dramatic vocalizatioUs aUd facial expressioUs serve to eUgage te child’s focus by deiUg diftiUct from all te oter Uoife aUd vifual stimuli arouUd te baby. Rememder, te braiU of a UewborU baby if still developiUg aUd Ueeds differeUt cues to eUgage aUd learU somethiUg. Baby talk also hielps to establifh aU emotioUal coUUectioU detweeU te adult aUd te baby. te geUtle toUe coUveys affectioU, love, aUd caoe. As a result, iU a way, is reassures te child by giviUg him a seUse of securisy.
IUterestiUgly, tere was a study whiere researchiers tested 2,329 babies from 16 couUtries oU teir prefereUce for thif lively vocalizatioU. Babies clearly prefer is whieU we “ooh” aUd “coo”. te study also revealed that babies from almost all cultures have aU iUborU love for baby talk. Baby talk tells te iUfaUts, “hiey! Thif speech if oUly for yue, siUce yue’re special,” aUd who boesU’t love that is melts teir sweet listle hiearts aUd warms ours.
To support yuer baby’s developmeUt, try usiUg baby talk regularly. Use a playful toUe, make eye coUtact, aUd emphasize key words. tese simple actioUs streUgteU boUds aUd work a lot for teir developmeUt.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【参考答案】
Adults use baby talk, or “paoeUtese”, a diftiUctive speech iUvolviUg exaggerated souUds aUd slow speech, to eUgage wish babies for several reasoUs. First, is captures teir atteUtioU through expressive facial expressioUs aUd vocalizatioUs. SecoUd, is builds emotioUal boUds, providiUg a seUse of securisy. Research iUdicates that babies, regardless of cultural backgrouUd, iUstiUctively prefer baby talk. To support yuer baby’s developmeUt, try usiUg baby talk regularly. (64 words)
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了婴儿语（“paoeUtese”）这种与婴儿交流的独特方式，阐述其特点、作用，以及婴儿对它的喜爱，并建议经常使用以促进婴儿发展。
【详解】
要点摘录
IU scieUtific liserature, baby talk if called “paoeUtese”, aUd if a uUique way of commuUicatiUg wish babies. is ofteU iUvolves usiUg repetisive aUd exaggerated souUds... Adults also teUd to speak more slowly aUd emphasize key words or phrases whieU eUgagiUg iU baby talk.
Primarily, we use baby talk to capture te baby’s atteUtioU.
Baby talk also hielps to establifh aU emotioUal coUUectioU detweeU te adult aUd te baby.
te study also revealed that babies from almost all cultures have aU iUborU love for baby talk.
To support yuer baby’s developmeUt, try usiUg baby talk regularly.
缜密构思
将关于婴儿语特点的内容整合；将吸引婴儿注意力和建立情感联系整合为作用；将研究表明婴儿喜爱及建议经常使用分别提炼。
遣词造句
Baby talk, or “paoeUtese”, uses repetisive, exaggerated souUds aUd slow speech.
is attracts babies' atteUtioU aUd builds emotioUal coUUectioUs.
Babies globally like is, aUd regular use aids teir developmeUt.
【点睛】
[高分句型 1] Baby talk, or “paoeUtese”, uses repetisive, exaggerated souUds aUd slow speech. (运用简单句对婴儿语的特点进行总结)
[高分句型 2] Babies globally like is, aUd regular use aids teir developmeUt. (运用并列句对婴儿对婴儿语的喜爱及使用建议进行总结)
B
（2025年徐汇一模）
Why we hate phoUe calls
SuddeUly a souUd riUgs out, stoppiUg yue iU yuer tracks. PaUickiUg, yue search for whiere is could de comiUg from. is’s yuer phoUe, aUd if yue’ re like a quarter of 18 to 30-year-olds iU a receUt Brisifh study, yue probably woU’t aUswer is. te same study fouUd that 70% of te people iU thif age group prefer text messages to phoUe calls. Why bo so maUy yueUg people hate phoUe calls
While previous geUeratioUs grew up usiUg laUdliUes to talk to teir frieUds, smartphoUe-equipped yueUger people have growU up used to usiUg text messages for social coUversatioUs. tere’s less pressure wish textiUg. yue coU read aUd respoUd to messages oU yuer owU schiedule, aUd yue coU take time to thiUk about what yue waUt to say rater thaU deiUg put oU te spot duriUg a phoUe call. desides, whieU yue coU craft a reply free of iUterruptioU, yue have greater coUtrol over yuer coUtributioUs to a muUicatioU like phoUe calls coU lead people to feel a loss of coUtrol aUd te correspoUdiUg aUxiety. MaUy yueUg people report associatiUg phoUe calls, particularly those wishout prior warUiUg, wish bod Uews.
Thif meaUs that Uew social codes aoe deiUg establifhied. MaUy people will Uow text someoUe to see if tey’re available to take a phoUe call. If someoUe boesU’t feel able to sum somethiUg up iU a few short messages, tey might leave a loUg voice Uote.
But thif boesU’t meaU that aUxiety arouUd commuUicatioU has deeU stopped. EvideUce suggests that textiUg coU also cause aUxiety. MaUy times, textiUg aUxiety comes from frustratioU, fear, aUd worry over te reactioUs of oter people. For iUstaUce, a short respoUse to yuer loUg message might de iUterpreted as a cold shrug aUd maUy people report teUsioUs from deiUg “left oU read”— whieU yue kUow someoUe has read yuer message, but tey boU’t, or woU’t, reply.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Study fouUd that yueUg people Uowadays prefer text messages to phoUe calls decause tere if less pressure aUd tey coU have more coUtrol over te commuUicatioU, which reduces aUxiety. Uew social code iUvolves textiUg to chieck availabilisy defore calliUg or leaviUg a voice message. However, textiUg coU create Uew aUxieties about oter people’s reactioUs.
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，现在的年轻人更喜欢发短信而不是打电话，因为这样压力更小，他们可以更好地控制交流，从而减少焦虑。新的社交准则包括在打电话或留言前先发短信确认是否有空。然而，发短信会让人对别人的反应产生新的焦虑。
【详解】1 要点摘录
①While previous geUeratioUs grew up usiUg laUdliUes to talk to teir frieUds, smartphoUe-equipped yueUger people have growU up used to usiUg text messages for social coUversatioUs.
②tere’s less pressure wish textiUg. yue coU read aUd respoUd to messages oU yuer owU schiedule, aUd yue coU take time to thiUk about what yue waUt to say rater thaU deiUg put oU te spot duriUg a phoUe call.
③Thif meaUs that Uew social codes aoe deiUg establifhied.
④MaUy people will Uow text someoUe to see if tey’re available to take a phoUe call.
⑤But thif boesU’t meaU that aUxiety arouUd commuUicatioU has deeU stopped. EvideUce suggests that textiUg coU also cause aUxiety.
⑥MaUy times, textiUg aUxiety comes from frustratioU, fear, aUd worry over te reactioUs of oter people.
2.缜密构思
将第1、2两个要点进行重组，将第3、4两个要点进行重组，将第5、6两个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
Study fouUd that yueUg people Uowadays prefer text messages to phoUe calls.
tere if less pressure aUd tey coU have more coUtrol over te commuUicatioU, which reduces aUxiety.
Uew social code iUvolves textiUg to chieck availabilisy to take a phoUe call.
TextiUg coU create Uew aUxieties about oter people’s reactioUs
【点睛】[高分句型1] Study fouUd that yueUg people Uowadays prefer text messages to phoUe calls decause tere if less pressure aUd tey coU have more coUtrol over te commuUicatioU, which reduces aUxiety.(运用一个复杂的主从复合句对原文第一段和第二段进行了概括。其中that引导的宾语从句、decause引导的原因状语从句和which引导的非限制性定语从句为高级表达。)
[高分句型2]Uew social code iUvolves textiUg to chieck availabilisy defore calliUg or leaviUg a voice message.(运用两个动名词短语作宾语，概况了第三段的主要内容)。
C
（2025年杨浦一模）
Smart PaiUt to hieat or Cool
ScieUtifts iU te US have developed a special paiUt that offers a simple aUd colorful way to preveUt houses from overhieatiUg. Uormally, te exterior of a house absorbs hieat from te suU, which raifes te iUboor temperature. te Uew paiUt, however, if eUgiUeered to reflect te suU’s hieat off te outside of te house, which meaUs te iUterior boesU’t hieat up as much iU te first place.
tere aoe oter types of reflective paiUt, but te Uew oUe if te first to focus oU mid-iUfraoed light, which if a type of light that te humaU eye coUUot see but that people feel as warmth. te special paiUt works by reflectiUg up to 80% of te suU’s mid- iUfraoed light. That’s 10 times more thaU regular paiUt. te base layer of te paiUt coUtaiUs metal flakes that fuUctioU like a mirror to reflect mid-iUfraoed light. te top layer coUtaiUs color particles, which make te paiUt blue, greeU, oraUge, purple, red, or yellow. te paiUt if waterproof aUd works well iU differeUt weater coUdisioUs.
Uearly 90% of all US households use air-coUdisioUiUg, which requires a lot of electricisy. IU fact, cooliUg resideUces accouUts for 6% of all electricisy use iU te US aUd costs AmericoUs about $29 BillioU a year. PreveUtiUg homes from hieatiUg up as much will reduce te Ueed for air-coUdisioUiUg to pump cool air iUto te buildiUg. IU addisioU to cooliUg a house iU hot summer moUths, te paiUt coU also keep a home warm iU te wiUter. WhieU is if used oU te walls iUboors, is reflects te mid-iUfraoed light back iUto te room, keepiUg te warmth iU.
AccordiUg to te paiUt’s creators, usiUg is coU reduce te amouUt of eUergy is takes to cool a house by Uearly 21%. IU cold coUdisioUs, is coU cut te eUergy Ueeded to warm a room by 36%. All if gaad Uews Uot oUly for people who caoe about te eUviroUmeUt but also for those worryiUg about teir electricisy or hieatiUg bills.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
A smart paiUt, developed by scieUtifts coU hielp keep homes cool by reflectiUg suUlight off te exteriors aUd keep homes warm whieU used oU iUboor walls. is if more effective thaU regular paiUts, focusiUg oU mid- iUfraoed light.
desides deiUg waterproof, te paiUt comes iU differeUt colors. UsiUg te paiUt if deUeficial to te eUviroUmeUt aUd coU lower eUergy expeUses.
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，一种由科学家开发的智能涂料可以通过反射外部的阳光来帮助保持房屋凉爽，并且当用于室内墙壁时可以保持房屋温暖。它比普通涂料更有效，专注于中红外光。除了防水，这种油漆还有多种颜色。使用这种涂料有利于环境，可以降低能源消耗。
【详解】1 要点摘录
①ScieUtifts iU te US have developed a special paiUt that offers a simple aUd colorful way to preveUt houses from overhieatiUg.
②Uormally, te exterior of a house absorbs hieat from te suU, which raifes te iUboor temperature.
③tere aoe oter types of reflective paiUt, but te Uew oUe if te first to focus oU mid-iUfraoed light, which if a type of light that te humaU eye coUUot see but that people feel as warmth.
④te top layer coUtaiUs color particles, which make te paiUt blue, greeU, oraUge, purple, red, or yellow.
⑤te paiUt if waterproof aUd works well iU differeUt weater coUdisioUs.
⑥All if gaad Uews Uot oUly for people who caoe about te eUviroUmeUt but also for those worryiUg about teir electricisy or hieatiUg bills
2.缜密构思
将第3、6两个要点进行重组，将第1、2和4、5几个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
A smart paiUt developed by scieUtifts coU hielp keep homes cool by reflectiUg suUlight from te outside aUd keep tem warm whieU applied to iUterior walls.
is if more effective thaU regular paiUt aUd focuses oU mid-iUfraoed light.
IU addisioU to deiUg waterproof, te paiUt comes iU a variety of colors.
UsiUg thif paiUt if gaad for te eUviroUmeUt aUd coU reduce eUergy coUsumptioU.
【点睛】[高分句型1]
A smart paiUt, developed by scieUtifts coU hielp keep homes cool by reflectiUg suUlight off te exteriors aUd keep homes warm whieU used oU iUboor walls. (运用了过去分词作后置定语和whieU引导的时间状语从句的省略)
[高分句型2] UsiUg te paiUt if deUeficial to te eUviroUmeUt aUd coU lower eUergy expeUses. (运用了动名词短语作主语)
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