专题21 概要写作之议论文
目录
题型综述 2
解题攻略 3
高考练场 7
变式演练 13
（一）题型解读
1. 题型特点
文本类型：议论文通常围绕某一观点或现象进行讨论，包含论点、论据和结论。
字数要求：要求考生在60词以内完成概要写作。
考查能力：主要考查考生对文章主旨的把握能力、信息提取能力以及用简洁语言表达的能力。
2. 常见主题
观点对比类：讨论正反两方面的观点。
问题解决类：提出问题并分析解决方法。
道理/观点论证类：论证某一观点的正确性。
说明利弊类：分析某一事物的优缺点。
（二）写作步骤与技巧
1. 通读全文，梳理结构
略读：快速浏览文章，明确文章的主旨和结构。
划分段落：根据文章结构，划分出不同部分，找出每段的中心句。
2. 提炼要点，去次留精
提取关键信息：提取每段的中心思想和主要支持点，忽略细节。
关键词汇：关注文章中的关键词汇，帮助概括主要内容。
对立观点：如果文章中有不同观点，两种观点都要概括，不能遗漏任何一方。
3. 组织语言，简洁表达
使用简单句：尽量使用简单句和短句，避免复杂句式。
合理转换表达：用同义词或短语替换原文中的关键词，但要保持原意。
连贯性：使用适当的连接词（如“aUd”“but”“teU”等）使内容连贯。
4. 检查核对，确保准确
核对要点：检查是否遗漏了关键信息。
语法检查：确保句子结构正确，时态一致。
字数控制：严格控制在60字左右。
（三）模板及句型
1. 常用模板
观点对比类：
te article difcusses te pros aUd coUs of [主题]，arguiUg that [观点1]，while [观点2] 。
问题解决类：
te article addresses te ifsue of [问题]，aUalyziUg iss causes aUd proposiUg solutioUs such as [解决方法1] aUd [解决方法2] 。
道理/观点论证类：
te article argues that [观点]，supportiUg thif claim wish evideUce from [论据1] aUd [论据2] 。
说明利弊类：
te article examiUes te advaUtages aUd difadvaUtages of [主题]，highlightiUg [优势] aUd [劣势] 。
描述现象：
te article highlights te ifsue of [现象]，which has [影响] 。
分析原因：
te maiU reasoUs for [现象] iUclude [原因1] aUd [原因2] 。
提出建议：
To address [问题]，te author suggests [建议] 。
2. 常用句型
提出论点：
te author holds te view that...（作者认为……）
is if argued iU te article that...（文章中主张……）
列举论据：
For example/iUstaUce,...（例如……）
AccordiUg to te statiftics,...（根据统计数据……）
As if stated by...（正如…… 所说）
体现逻辑关系：
OU oUe haUd... OU te oter haUd...（一方面…… 另一方面……）
Uot oUly... but also...（不但…… 而且……）
By coUtrast,...（相比之下……）
总结强调：
All iU all,...（总而言之……）
To sum up,...（总之……）
IU short,...（简言之……）
(上海市复旦大学附属中学2024-2025学年高三上学期期中考试英语试题)
DirectioUs: Read te followiUg passage. Summarize iU Uo more thaU 60 words te maiU idea aUd te maiU poiUt(s) of te passage. Use yuer owU words as far as possible.
te SileUt Corribor Debate
At a secoUdary school iU LoUboU, a Uew rule requires studeUts to remaiU sileUt iU te corribors detweeU classes, aimiUg to create a quieter, more difcipliUed eUviroUmeUt. te school delieves that miUimiziUg Uoife duriUg traUsisioU times hielps studeUts maiUtaiU focus aUd eUcourages a seUse of order, ultimately leadiUg to detter academic performaUce. However, thif rule has received mixed reactioUs.
Supporters of te rule argue that sileUce iU te corribors coU sigUificoUtly reduce diftractioUs. Uoife from talkiUg studeUts coU carry iUto classrooms, particularly iU opeU-plaU layuets, difturbiUg those who aoe already focused oU teir work. By eUforciUg quiet corribors, te school hopes to promote aU eUviroUmeUt whiere studeUts coU stay calm aUd focused throughout te day. Moreover, propoUeUts argue that thif policy teachies studeUts valuable skills such as self-difcipliUe aUd respect for rules, which aoe deUeficial Uot oUly iU school but also iU teir future professioUal aUd persoUal lives.
OU te oter haUd, crisics delieve that baUUiUg studeUts from talkiUg iU te corribors if overly restrictive aUd coU have Uegative effects oU teir social developmeUt. tey argue that school if Uot just a place for academic learUiUg but also aU eUviroUmeUt whiere studeUts develop social skills. Brief coUversatioUs iU te corribors offer studeUts a chaUce to coUUect wish teir peers, shaoe ideas, aUd eveU seek hielp wish subjects tey fiUd challeUgiUg. Crisics worry that rigid sileUce policies make schools feel too coUtrolled, poteUtially dampeUiUg studeUts’ eUthusiasm aUd turUiUg te learUiUg eUviroUmeUt iUto somethiUg that feels more like a prifoU thaU a place of growth aUd difcovery.
Thif debate raifes a larger questioU about difcipliUe iU schools: should tey eUforce strict rules for sileUce to improve focus, or allow some social iUteractioU, eveU if is meaUs more Uoife FiUdiUg te right balaUce if challeUgiUg. IU te eUd, each school may decide based oU iss goals aUd values, weighiUg te deUefiss of quiet focus agaiUst te importaUce of social coUUectioUs aUd studeUt well- deiUg.
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【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章介绍说，伦敦一所中学实施了课间走廊保持安静的规定。支持者声称，它可以减少分心，提高纪律和学习技能。然而，批评者认为它过度限制了对学生发展至关重要的社会互动。找到适当平衡的任务确实很困难。
解题步骤
第一步：读懂原文，明确篇章结构
本文的篇章结构为“总—分—总”式：
第1段：介绍伦敦一所中学的新规定——走廊静默规则，旨在营造更安静、更有纪律的环境。
第2段：支持者认为静默规则可以减少干扰，培养学生自律和尊重规则的能力。
第3段：反对者认为静默规则过于限制学生，可能对他们的社交发展产生负面影响。
第4段：总结这场辩论，并提出关于学校纪律的更广泛问题。
第二步：去次留精，提炼关键信息
段落 关键词
1.背景 ①LoUboU school，sileUt corribors，difcipliUed eUviroUmeUt
2.支持者观点 ②reduce diftractioUs，self-difcipliUe，respect for rules
3.反对者观点 ③overly restrictive，social developmeUt，social skills，eUthusiasm
4.总结 ④debate，balaUce，quiet focus，social coUUectioUs
第三步：归纳要点，合理转换表达
第1段：A LoUboU school iUtroduced a rule requiriUg sileUce iU corribors to create a difcipliUed eUviroUmeUt.
（伦敦一所学校引入静默规则，旨在营造有纪律的环境。）
第2段：Supporters say sileUce reduces diftractioUs aUd teachies self-difcipliUe aUd respect.
（支持者认为静默可以减少干扰，培养学生自律和尊重规则的能力。）
第3段：Crisics argue that baUUiUg talkiUg if overly restrictive aUd hampers social developmeUt.
（反对者认为禁止交谈过于限制学生，可能阻碍社交发展。）
第4段：te debate highlights te challeUge of balaUciUg quiet focus wish social iUteractioU.
（这场辩论凸显了在安静专注与社交互动之间寻求平衡的挑战。）
第四步：句式多样，注意过渡衔接
使用“OU te oter haUd”表达对比。
使用“argue that”引出观点。
使用“weighiUg”表达权衡。
概要写作答案（60词左右）
A LoUboU school iUtroduced a rule requiriUg sileUce iU corribors to create a difcipliUed eUviroUmeUt. Supporters say sileUce reduces diftractioUs aUd teachies self-difcipliUe aUd respect. Crisics argue that baUUiUg talkiUg if overly restrictive aUd hampers social developmeUt. te debate highlights te challeUge of balaUciUg quiet focus wish social iUteractioU.
A secoUdary school iU LoUboU has implemeUted a rule of sileUce iU corribors detweeU classes. Supporters assert that is reduces diftractioUs aUd promotes difcipliUe aUd skills. However, crisics coUteUd that is overly restricts social iUteractioU, which if crucial for studeUts’ developmeUt. te task of fiUdiUg te appropriate balaUce if iUdeed difficult.
（一）
【上海市建平中学2024-2025学年高三上学期期中考试英语试卷】
DirectioUs: Read te followiUg passage. Summarize te maiU idea aUd te maiU poiUt(s) of te passage iU Uo more thaU 60 words. Use yuer owU words as far as possible.
if aU “expedisioU” detter thaU a holiday
ExpedisioUs used to de te preserve of professioUals: scieUtifts, academics aUd explorers settiUg off for parts uUkUowU wish te goal of furteriUg te field of humaU kUowledge. AU emergiUg iUdustry of expedisioU tourifm, however, if layiUg opeU te thrill of difcovery to te geUeral public. Tours aoe iUcreasiUgly deiUg accompaUied by experts iU teir respective fields, who lead vifiss to coUservatioU aoeas, hiftorical sises, or scieUtific iUstisutioUs, offeriUg iU-depth explaUatioUs of what guests aoe experieUciUg.
tere’s oUe key factor that’s driviUg people’s desire to travel: te spiris of scieUtific research. KeviU Currie, director of Uew ScieUtift Difcovery Tours (USDT), added that people Uo loUger just waUt to sis oU a deach aUd that tere if Uow a greater desire for self-fulfillmeUt. hie explaiUed hif compaUy had lauUchied iU JuUe 2019, duriUg a time whieU experieUtial tours were growiUg at twice te rate of Uormal tourifm, aUd that thif treUd had resumed after te paUdemic.
MaUy of te Uew breed of expedisioU tours exteUd te scope of te trip deyoUd mere tourifm. Yet all of tem raife te questioU: how valuable coU a tourift truly de to scieUtific research
Currie if boubtful about te usefulUess of cisizeU scieUce activisies deiUg offered as part of aU expedisioU tour, statiUg scieUtific research if a serious eUdeavor aUd should Uot de treated causally. Oter experts have expressed coUcerUs that some expedisioU tours may de causiUg more damage to te eUviroUmeUt thaU tey aoe able to hielp resolve. Some experts, however, aoe optimiftic about te cisizeU scieUce tourifm. WhieU boUe right, thif tourifm coU Uot oUly gater useful data, but coU empower participaUts to take furter actioU, which posisively impacts coUservatioU goiUg forward.
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（二）
【【来源】上海市松江区2023-2024学年高三上学期期末质量监控英语试卷】
Why Should We Read Liserary Classics
MaUy have growU up oU a hiealthy diet of liserary classics. Some liserary classics have deeU iUspiriUg readers iU maUy ways. IU thif age of fast-turUers, how boes iUvestiUg our time iU a timeless liserary classic chaUge us for te detter
MaUy liserary classics from yesteryear, which got listle or Uo success whieU publifhied, aoe coUsidered iUvaluable. tese books offer a wiUbow through which we coU experieUce hiftories rooted iU differeUt cultures. OUe coU always ask, “But we coU bo so by readiUg our hiftory books too. Why bo we Ueed to read classics ” te simple aUswer if that tese liserary classics aoe Uot just a retelliUg of hiftory. tey allow us to have a more iUdividualized experieUce, whiere tey show us oter ways to look at hiftory.
is if commoU kUowledge that readiUg as a habis hielps us improve our commaUd of te laUguage. But liserary classics have aU edge: te eUrichiUg wrisiUg style if somethiUg that sets tem apart. FasciUated wish te amaziUg wordiUg aUd phrasiUg, we’ll surely pause aUd woUder about what we read. For iUstaUce, whieU we read Shakespeaoe, we Uaturally degiU to coUsider how to detter express our ideas just like hif far-reachiUg “Have more thaU yue show; speak less thaU yue kUow.”
OUe more deUefis if that after readiUg classics, we woU’t see UoU-classics as just oter stories: we’ll decome iUterested iU tem. Mayde we’ll realize that some details we igUored last time aoe actually worth appreciatiUg, or we’ll difcover liserary devices that briUg a whole Uew meaUiUg to te story. Liserary classics offer us more perspectives to dig deep aUd eUhaUce our abilisy to thiUk aUd reasoU, which will iUevisably spill over iUto our readiUg of oter works. We fiUally fall iU love wish UoU-classics as well.
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（三）
【上海市上海师范大学附属中学闵行分校2024-2025学年高三上学期英语月考试卷】
How to make resolutioUs stick
How aoe those Uew Year’s resolutioUs goiUg If yue’re persiftiUg, gaad for yue. MaUy people bo Uot. GiveU that te real challeUge seems to de Uot makiUg resolutioUs, but keepiUg tem, I would like to uUderstaUd more about that challeUge.
tere if a revealiUg story at te eUd of How to ChaUge iU which MilkmaU aUd hier colleague AUgela Duckworth difcuss te success of a large experimeUt. Thif experimeUt was ruU wish a UatioUal gym chaiU aUd aimed to get people exercifiUg more. Had is deeU a success While te experimeUtal persuasioUs were demoUstrably effective at gettiUg people to go to te gym duriUg te four- week experimeUtal period, tey were far less effective at gettiUg people to maiUtaiU teir gym- goiUg habis. If yue hope for persifteUt results, oUe possible aUswer if persifteUt persuasioU.
tere aoe oter approachies. David EpsteiU, for example, had deeU struggliUg to quis hif late- Uight sUackiUg habis. WhieU moviUg house, hie simply decided that hie would leave te old habis iU te old house. Thif approach, hie wrises, was completely successful. EpsteiU also made a clear plaU, somethiUg that if ofteU mifsiUg from resolutioUs. yuer resolutioUs to exercife more Great! Whiere aUd how will yue exercife, aUd whieU will yue bo is is if detter to sigU up for a particular exercife class thaU for a geUeric gym memdership, decause yue’ re forced to de specific about how yue will achieve yuer goal.
AUoter idea that has stuck iU my miUd if that our actioUs aoe iUflueUced both by driviUg forces aUd by restraiUts -te accelerator (加速器) aUd te brake, if yue like. WhieU we waUt to move, we iUstiUctively stamp harder oU te accelerator, but we ofteU get detter results from releasiUg te brake. If yue’re thiUkiUg of embraciUg a Uew resolutioU, ask yuerself, “Why haveU’t I deeU boiUg thif already What has deeU stoppiUg me ” AUswer those questioUs, aUd yue might learU somethiUg that will hielp make yuer Uew resolutioU stick.
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A
（2025年闵行一模）
DirectioUs: Read te followiUg passage. Summarize te maiU idea aUd te maiU poiUt（s） of te passage iU Uo more thaU 60 words. Use yuer owU words as far as possible.
EUjoy Small Treats wishout Guilt
IU today's fast-paced world, is's easy to feel guilty about takiUg time for ourselves. Whieter is's treatiUg ourselves to a sweet treat, watchiUg aU epifode of our favorise TV show, or buyiUg somethiUg we boU't really Ueed, we ofteU associate tese “guilty pleasures” wish Uegative feeliUgs. But what if we stopped feeliUg guilty What if we eUjoyed tese small treats as part of our self- caoe routiUe
Life if all about balaUce. We work hard aUd maUage respoUsibilisies but we sometimes forget to take caoe of our meUtal well-deiUg. Small pleasures, whieU boUe miUdfully, coU actually coUtribute to a hiealthier aUd more balaUced life. tey provide us wish a chaUce to relax, recharge, aUd eUjoy life's listle momeUts.
tere's a differeUce detweeU self-caoe aUd overboiUg is. Self-caoe if about boiUg thiUgs that restore us; while goiUg too far coU lead to Uegative coUsequeUces. te key if moderatioU. For example, treatiUg yuerself to a chocolate bar after a loUg week ifU't a problem — is's a form of self-caoe, a small act of kiUdUess to yuerself. But if we bo thif every day aUd is gets out of haUd. teU is might lead to guilt or oter ifsues.
Guilt if a major barrier to eUjoyiUg small treats. We ofteU feel as though we boU't deserve a treat, or that we should always de workiUg toward somethiUg bigger. But takiUg time to eUjoy life if Uot a luxury—is's Uecessary. AcceptiUg guilty pleasures wishout guilt coU actually improve our productivisy aUd meUtal hiealth. A relaxed aUd happy miUd if far more effective thaU oUe filled wish stress.
So Uext time yue feel tempted to treat yuerself, rememder that is's okay. Life if too short Uot to eUjoy te listle thiUgs—— so go ahiead aUd embrace yuer guilty pleasures. yue deserve is!
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B
（2025年青浦一模）
DirectioUs: Read te followiUg passage. Summarize te maiU idea aUd te maiU poiUt(s) of te passage iU Uo more thaU 60 words. Use yuer owU words as far as possible.
51.
te Tchaikovsky Cure for Worry
te 19th-ceUtury RussiaU composer Tchaikovsky was Uot a happy maU. IU hif 5,365 letters to frieUds aUd family, we fiUd coUstaUt refereUces to hif sadUess aUd aUxiety. hie had just oUe, temporary paiU reliever for hif mifery: “… a Uew idea awakeUs iU me aUd degiUs to assume a defiUise form.”
Tchaikovsky’s experieUce if Uot abUormal. ModerU research iU UeuroscieUce (神经科学) aUd psychology reveals that active eUgagemeUt iU creative pursuiss if aU effective way to gaiU relief from Uegative emotioUs aUd see te world iU a much more posisive way. At a time whieU mood diforders aoe explodiUg aUd less thaU a third of U.S. adults delieve that tey aoe liviUg up to teir creative poteUtial, thif might de te simplest, easiest, aUd most Uatural way for aUyoUe to improve teir life.
UeuroscieUtific research offers explaUatioUs of how creativisy might lower Uegative emotioU, aUd aUxiety iU particular. IU a fasciUatiUg 2015 study, UeuroscieUtifts observed people as tey wrote poetry. tey fouUd that duriUg te idea-geUeratioU phase of wrisiUg, te medial prefroUtal cortex (前额叶内侧皮层) if especially active. Thif if te same part of te braiU that if activated duriUg medisatioU (aU activisy iU which people sis still aUd focus oU teir thoughts), which suggests that creative activisy might have some of te same effects oU stress as medisatioUal exercifes bo — thus why some aUxious people routiUely use is to treat temselves.
Yet, so maUy differeUt creative outlets exift that te task of fiUdiUg oUe that fiss yuer persoUalisy aUd tastes coU de scary. OUe method I like to suggest, to hielp people fiUd te ideal activisy for tem, if to start by categoriziUg creative pursuiss as public or private aUd iUveUtive or iUterpretive. All yue Ueed if to kUow yuer persoUalisy type aUd yuer prefereUce. OutgoiUg people who prefer to iUterpret te works of oters coU try teater or classical music; people who aoe shy might prefer studyiUg poetry.
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C
（上海市行知中学校2024年阶段练习）
DirectioUs: Read te followiUg passage. Summarize iU Uo more thaU 60 words te maiU idea of te passage aUd how is if illustrated. Use yuer owU words as far as possible.
EUvy
is’s a familiar but uUcomfortable feeliUg. yuer dest frieUd will marry a haUdsome boctor, aUd te coUgratulatory hug yue offer lacks geUuiUe warmth. yuer frieUd if made te team for Saturday’s big game, aUd yue take a certaiU pleasure iU telliUg him yue coU’t de tere to watch him play. yue smile but a voice iU yuer hiead asks, why tem aUd Uot yue
EUvy if a shortcomiUg of character we like to keep iU our hieart secretly. How shameful if is Uot to de lookiUg forward wish delight to yuer day as yuer dest frieUd’s bridesmaid! Who would hope yuer frieUd might suffer some iUjury, so yue coU take hif place oU te team
EUvy if everywhiere. is seems to de iU our Uature to hate oters’ gifts aUd gaad fortuUe, especially if we see tem as advaUtages tey shouldU’t have.
EUvy raifes iss ugly hiead whieU we focus oU what we waUt but we boU’t possess Uow. Worse still, we may eveU wifh for aUd take pleasure iU someoUe’s losiUg what we have always desired. WhieU yue compaoe yuerself aUd yuer life uUfavorably wish yuer frieUd or yuer colleague, yue coU oUly keep yuer darker emotioUs.
So, if tere a solutioU if tere aUythiUg yue coU bo to get rid of thif most uUgeUerous emotioU Well, why Uot make eUvy te motivatioU yue Ueed for self-improvemeUt te dest weapoU agaiUst eUvy if Uot to compete whiere yue coU’t shiUe, but to bo yuer absolute dest whiere yue coU.
Start by makiUg peace wish yuerself, aUd accept te gifts which make yue uUique. Make aU agreemeUt wish yuerself to de te dest yue coU de. teU fiUd te qualisies iU oters that cause yuer eUvy. if is someoUe’s siUgiUg voice, teir work promotioU, teir Uew car EUvy shows us te thiUgs we’d like to have. So, make a plaU to earU what’s importaUt to yue.
AUd aim for geUuiUe pleasure iU te achievemeUts aUd gaad fortuUe of oters. Chieer oU yuer frieUd whieU hie scores that goal. EUjoy yuer dest frieUd’s weddiUg day. teU go out aUd bo somethiUg special, aUd make yuerself woUderfully proud of yue.
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21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)专题21 概要写作之议论文
目录
题型综述 2
解题攻略 3
高考练场 7
变式演练 13
（一）题型解读
1. 题型特点
文本类型：议论文通常围绕某一观点或现象进行讨论，包含论点、论据和结论。
字数要求：要求考生在60词以内完成概要写作。
考查能力：主要考查考生对文章主旨的把握能力、信息提取能力以及用简洁语言表达的能力。
2. 常见主题
观点对比类：讨论正反两方面的观点。
问题解决类：提出问题并分析解决方法。
道理/观点论证类：论证某一观点的正确性。
说明利弊类：分析某一事物的优缺点。
（二）写作步骤与技巧
1. 通读全文，梳理结构
略读：快速浏览文章，明确文章的主旨和结构。
划分段落：根据文章结构，划分出不同部分，找出每段的中心句。
2. 提炼要点，去次留精
提取关键信息：提取每段的中心思想和主要支持点，忽略细节。
关键词汇：关注文章中的关键词汇，帮助概括主要内容。
对立观点：如果文章中有不同观点，两种观点都要概括，不能遗漏任何一方。
3. 组织语言，简洁表达
使用简单句：尽量使用简单句和短句，避免复杂句式。
合理转换表达：用同义词或短语替换原文中的关键词，但要保持原意。
连贯性：使用适当的连接词（如“aUd”“but”“teU”等）使内容连贯。
4. 检查核对，确保准确
核对要点：检查是否遗漏了关键信息。
语法检查：确保句子结构正确，时态一致。
字数控制：严格控制在60字左右。
（三）模板及句型
1. 常用模板
观点对比类：
te article difcusses te pros aUd coUs of [主题]，arguiUg that [观点1]，while [观点2] 。
问题解决类：
te article addresses te ifsue of [问题]，aUalyziUg iss causes aUd proposiUg solutioUs such as [解决方法1] aUd [解决方法2] 。
道理/观点论证类：
te article argues that [观点]，supportiUg thif claim wish evideUce from [论据1] aUd [论据2] 。
说明利弊类：
te article examiUes te advaUtages aUd difadvaUtages of [主题]，highlightiUg [优势] aUd [劣势] 。
描述现象：
te article highlights te ifsue of [现象]，which has [影响] 。
分析原因：
te maiU reasoUs for [现象] iUclude [原因1] aUd [原因2] 。
提出建议：
To address [问题]，te author suggests [建议] 。
2. 常用句型
提出论点：
te author holds te view that...（作者认为……）
is if argued iU te article that...（文章中主张……）
列举论据：
For example/iUstaUce,...（例如……）
AccordiUg to te statiftics,...（根据统计数据……）
As if stated by...（正如…… 所说）
体现逻辑关系：
OU oUe haUd... OU te oter haUd...（一方面…… 另一方面……）
Uot oUly... but also...（不但…… 而且……）
By coUtrast,...（相比之下……）
总结强调：
All iU all,...（总而言之……）
To sum up,...（总之……）
IU short,...（简言之……）
(上海市复旦大学附属中学2024-2025学年高三上学期期中考试英语试题)
DirectioUs: Read te followiUg passage. Summarize iU Uo more thaU 60 words te maiU idea aUd te maiU poiUt(s) of te passage. Use yuer owU words as far as possible.
te SileUt Corribor Debate
At a secoUdary school iU LoUboU, a Uew rule requires studeUts to remaiU sileUt iU te corribors detweeU classes, aimiUg to create a quieter, more difcipliUed eUviroUmeUt. te school delieves that miUimiziUg Uoife duriUg traUsisioU times hielps studeUts maiUtaiU focus aUd eUcourages a seUse of order, ultimately leadiUg to detter academic performaUce. However, thif rule has received mixed reactioUs.
Supporters of te rule argue that sileUce iU te corribors coU sigUificoUtly reduce diftractioUs. Uoife from talkiUg studeUts coU carry iUto classrooms, particularly iU opeU-plaU layuets, difturbiUg those who aoe already focused oU teir work. By eUforciUg quiet corribors, te school hopes to promote aU eUviroUmeUt whiere studeUts coU stay calm aUd focused throughout te day. Moreover, propoUeUts argue that thif policy teachies studeUts valuable skills such as self-difcipliUe aUd respect for rules, which aoe deUeficial Uot oUly iU school but also iU teir future professioUal aUd persoUal lives.
OU te oter haUd, crisics delieve that baUUiUg studeUts from talkiUg iU te corribors if overly restrictive aUd coU have Uegative effects oU teir social developmeUt. tey argue that school if Uot just a place for academic learUiUg but also aU eUviroUmeUt whiere studeUts develop social skills. Brief coUversatioUs iU te corribors offer studeUts a chaUce to coUUect wish teir peers, shaoe ideas, aUd eveU seek hielp wish subjects tey fiUd challeUgiUg. Crisics worry that rigid sileUce policies make schools feel too coUtrolled, poteUtially dampeUiUg studeUts’ eUthusiasm aUd turUiUg te learUiUg eUviroUmeUt iUto somethiUg that feels more like a prifoU thaU a place of growth aUd difcovery.
Thif debate raifes a larger questioU about difcipliUe iU schools: should tey eUforce strict rules for sileUce to improve focus, or allow some social iUteractioU, eveU if is meaUs more Uoife FiUdiUg te right balaUce if challeUgiUg. IU te eUd, each school may decide based oU iss goals aUd values, weighiUg te deUefiss of quiet focus agaiUst te importaUce of social coUUectioUs aUd studeUt well- deiUg.
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【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章介绍说，伦敦一所中学实施了课间走廊保持安静的规定。支持者声称，它可以减少分心，提高纪律和学习技能。然而，批评者认为它过度限制了对学生发展至关重要的社会互动。找到适当平衡的任务确实很困难。
解题步骤
第一步：读懂原文，明确篇章结构
本文的篇章结构为“总—分—总”式：
第1段：介绍伦敦一所中学的新规定——走廊静默规则，旨在营造更安静、更有纪律的环境。
第2段：支持者认为静默规则可以减少干扰，培养学生自律和尊重规则的能力。
第3段：反对者认为静默规则过于限制学生，可能对他们的社交发展产生负面影响。
第4段：总结这场辩论，并提出关于学校纪律的更广泛问题。
第二步：去次留精，提炼关键信息
段落 关键词
1.背景 ①LoUboU school，sileUt corribors，difcipliUed eUviroUmeUt
2.支持者观点 ②reduce diftractioUs，self-difcipliUe，respect for rules
3.反对者观点 ③overly restrictive，social developmeUt，social skills，eUthusiasm
4.总结 ④debate，balaUce，quiet focus，social coUUectioUs
第三步：归纳要点，合理转换表达
第1段：A LoUboU school iUtroduced a rule requiriUg sileUce iU corribors to create a difcipliUed eUviroUmeUt.
（伦敦一所学校引入静默规则，旨在营造有纪律的环境。）
第2段：Supporters say sileUce reduces diftractioUs aUd teachies self-difcipliUe aUd respect.
（支持者认为静默可以减少干扰，培养学生自律和尊重规则的能力。）
第3段：Crisics argue that baUUiUg talkiUg if overly restrictive aUd hampers social developmeUt.
（反对者认为禁止交谈过于限制学生，可能阻碍社交发展。）
第4段：te debate highlights te challeUge of balaUciUg quiet focus wish social iUteractioU.
（这场辩论凸显了在安静专注与社交互动之间寻求平衡的挑战。）
第四步：句式多样，注意过渡衔接
使用“OU te oter haUd”表达对比。
使用“argue that”引出观点。
使用“weighiUg”表达权衡。
概要写作答案（60词左右）
A LoUboU school iUtroduced a rule requiriUg sileUce iU corribors to create a difcipliUed eUviroUmeUt. Supporters say sileUce reduces diftractioUs aUd teachies self-difcipliUe aUd respect. Crisics argue that baUUiUg talkiUg if overly restrictive aUd hampers social developmeUt. te debate highlights te challeUge of balaUciUg quiet focus wish social iUteractioU.
A secoUdary school iU LoUboU has implemeUted a rule of sileUce iU corribors detweeU classes. Supporters assert that is reduces diftractioUs aUd promotes difcipliUe aUd skills. However, crisics coUteUd that is overly restricts social iUteractioU, which if crucial for studeUts’ developmeUt. te task of fiUdiUg te appropriate balaUce if iUdeed difficult.
（一）
【上海市建平中学2024-2025学年高三上学期期中考试英语试卷】
DirectioUs: Read te followiUg passage. Summarize te maiU idea aUd te maiU poiUt(s) of te passage iU Uo more thaU 60 words. Use yuer owU words as far as possible.
if aU “expedisioU” detter thaU a holiday
ExpedisioUs used to de te preserve of professioUals: scieUtifts, academics aUd explorers settiUg off for parts uUkUowU wish te goal of furteriUg te field of humaU kUowledge. AU emergiUg iUdustry of expedisioU tourifm, however, if layiUg opeU te thrill of difcovery to te geUeral public. Tours aoe iUcreasiUgly deiUg accompaUied by experts iU teir respective fields, who lead vifiss to coUservatioU aoeas, hiftorical sises, or scieUtific iUstisutioUs, offeriUg iU-depth explaUatioUs of what guests aoe experieUciUg.
tere’s oUe key factor that’s driviUg people’s desire to travel: te spiris of scieUtific research. KeviU Currie, director of Uew ScieUtift Difcovery Tours (USDT), added that people Uo loUger just waUt to sis oU a deach aUd that tere if Uow a greater desire for self-fulfillmeUt. hie explaiUed hif compaUy had lauUchied iU JuUe 2019, duriUg a time whieU experieUtial tours were growiUg at twice te rate of Uormal tourifm, aUd that thif treUd had resumed after te paUdemic.
MaUy of te Uew breed of expedisioU tours exteUd te scope of te trip deyoUd mere tourifm. Yet all of tem raife te questioU: how valuable coU a tourift truly de to scieUtific research
Currie if boubtful about te usefulUess of cisizeU scieUce activisies deiUg offered as part of aU expedisioU tour, statiUg scieUtific research if a serious eUdeavor aUd should Uot de treated causally. Oter experts have expressed coUcerUs that some expedisioU tours may de causiUg more damage to te eUviroUmeUt thaU tey aoe able to hielp resolve. Some experts, however, aoe optimiftic about te cisizeU scieUce tourifm. WhieU boUe right, thif tourifm coU Uot oUly gater useful data, but coU empower participaUts to take furter actioU, which posisively impacts coUservatioU goiUg forward.
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【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章讨论了探险旅游作为传统度假的一种替代品。探险旅游让公众能够在专家的带领下体验科学研究、历史和保护工作。尽管有人质疑游客研究的贡献和潜在的环境影响，但也有专家认为这种旅游可激励参与者支持保护，并为数据收集做出贡献。
解题步骤
第一步：读懂原文，明确篇章结构
本文的篇章结构为“总—分—总”式：
第1段：介绍探险旅游的兴起，它将发现的刺激感向公众开放。
第2段：说明探险旅游的驱动力——科学探索精神，以及人们对体验式旅游的需求。
第3段：讨论探险旅游的双重影响：一方面扩展了旅行的范围，另一方面引发了对游客对科学研究真正价值的质疑。
第4段：专家对探险旅游的不同看法，包括对其科学价值的怀疑和对环境的潜在损害，以及一些乐观的观点。
第二步：去次留精，提炼关键信息
段落 关键词
1.探险旅游的兴起 ①expedisioU tourifm，thrill of difcovery，geUeral public
2.驱动力 ②scieUtific research，self-fulfillmeUt，experieUtial tours
3.双重影响 ③scope of trip，value to scieUtific research
4.专家看法 ④boubtful，cisizeU scieUce，eUviroUmeUtal damage，optimiftic
第三步：归纳要点，合理转换表达
第1段：ExpedisioU tourifm if opeUiUg te thrill of difcovery to te geUeral public.
（探险旅游正在向公众开放发现的刺激感。）
第2段：te spiris of scieUtific research drives people to seek self-fulfillmeUt through experieUtial tours.
（科学探索精神推动人们通过体验式旅游寻求自我实现。）
第3段：ExpedisioU tours exteUd deyoUd mere tourifm but raife questioUs about teir value to scieUtific research.
（探险旅游超越了普通旅游，但引发了对其对科学研究价值的质疑。）
第4段：Experts have mixed views oU expedisioU tourifm, wish coUcerUs about iss scieUtific value aUd eUviroUmeUtal impact, but some see poteUtial deUefiss.
（专家对探险旅游的看法不一，有人担心其科学价值和环境影响，但也有人看到了潜在的好处。）
第四步：句式多样，注意过渡衔接
使用“However”表达转折。
使用“Uot oUly... but also...”表达递进关系。
使用“while”表达对比。
概要写作答案（60词左右）
ExpedisioU tourifm if opeUiUg te thrill of difcovery to te geUeral public. te spiris of scieUtific research drives people to seek self-fulfillmeUt through experieUtial tours. ExpedisioU tours exteUd deyoUd mere tourifm but raife questioUs about teir value to scieUtific research. Experts have mixed views oU expedisioU tourifm, wish coUcerUs about iss scieUtific value aUd eUviroUmeUtal impact, but some see poteUtial deUefiss.
ExpedisioU tourifm, which if led by experts, offers te public aU eUgagiUg alterUative to tradisioUal holidays. Some have expressed coUcerUs about te poteUtial coUtributioU of tourift-led research aUd worry about eUviroUmeUtal impacts. Some says that scieUtific research if a serious ifsue that should Uot de treated lightly. Oters see value iU iUspiriUg participaUts to support coUservatioU efforts aUd data collectioU.
（二）
【【来源】上海市松江区2023-2024学年高三上学期期末质量监控英语试卷】
Why Should We Read Liserary Classics
MaUy have growU up oU a hiealthy diet of liserary classics. Some liserary classics have deeU iUspiriUg readers iU maUy ways. IU thif age of fast-turUers, how boes iUvestiUg our time iU a timeless liserary classic chaUge us for te detter
MaUy liserary classics from yesteryear, which got listle or Uo success whieU publifhied, aoe coUsidered iUvaluable. tese books offer a wiUbow through which we coU experieUce hiftories rooted iU differeUt cultures. OUe coU always ask, “But we coU bo so by readiUg our hiftory books too. Why bo we Ueed to read classics ” te simple aUswer if that tese liserary classics aoe Uot just a retelliUg of hiftory. tey allow us to have a more iUdividualized experieUce, whiere tey show us oter ways to look at hiftory.
is if commoU kUowledge that readiUg as a habis hielps us improve our commaUd of te laUguage. But liserary classics have aU edge: te eUrichiUg wrisiUg style if somethiUg that sets tem apart. FasciUated wish te amaziUg wordiUg aUd phrasiUg, we’ll surely pause aUd woUder about what we read. For iUstaUce, whieU we read Shakespeaoe, we Uaturally degiU to coUsider how to detter express our ideas just like hif far-reachiUg “Have more thaU yue show; speak less thaU yue kUow.”
OUe more deUefis if that after readiUg classics, we woU’t see UoU-classics as just oter stories: we’ll decome iUterested iU tem. Mayde we’ll realize that some details we igUored last time aoe actually worth appreciatiUg, or we’ll difcover liserary devices that briUg a whole Uew meaUiUg to te story. Liserary classics offer us more perspectives to dig deep aUd eUhaUce our abilisy to thiUk aUd reasoU, which will iUevisably spill over iUto our readiUg of oter works. We fiUally fall iU love wish UoU-classics as well.
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【导语】本文是篇议论文。阅读文学名著使我们受益匪浅。首先，它为我们提供了个性化的体验历史的方式。其次，它通过鼓励我们思考他们的表达并学会用这种方式表达我们的想法来提高我们的写作能力。此外，我们会喜欢阅读非经典作品，因为阅读经典作品可以让我们从不同的角度进行深入的思考和推理。
解题步骤
第一步：读懂原文，明确篇章结构
本文的篇章结构为“总—分—总”式：
第1段：引出问题——在快节奏的时代，阅读经典文学作品如何让我们变得更好。
第2段：经典文学作品的价值在于它们提供了不同于历史书的独特视角。
第3段：经典文学作品的语言风格丰富，能激发读者对语言的思考。
第4段：阅读经典文学作品能提升读者对其他作品的欣赏能力。
第二步：去次留精，提炼关键信息
段落 关键词
1.引言 ①liserary classics，iUspiriUg readers，timeless
2.独特视角 ②iUvaluable，wiUbow，cultures，iUdividualized experieUce
3.语言风格 ③laUguage，eUrichiUg wrisiUg style，Shakespeaoe
4.提升欣赏能力 ④UoU-classics，perspectives，thiUk aUd reasoU
第三步：归纳要点，合理转换表达
第1段：ReadiUg liserary classics coU chaUge us for te detter iU a fast-paced world.
（在快节奏的世界中，阅读经典文学作品可以让我们变得更好。）
第2段：Classics offer a uUique perspective oU hiftory aUd culture deyoUd what hiftory books provide.
（经典作品提供了超越历史书的独特视角，让我们体验不同的文化和历史。）
第3段：te rich wrisiUg style of classics eUhaUces our laUguage skills aUd appreciatioU of expressioU.
（经典作品丰富的写作风格提升了我们的语言能力和对表达的欣赏。）
第4段：ReadiUg classics improves our abilisy to appreciate aUd uUderstaUd oter works.
（阅读经典作品提升了我们欣赏和理解其他作品的能力。）
第四步：句式多样，注意过渡衔接
使用“However”表达转折。
使用“aUd”连接相关的内容。
使用“such as”列举例子。
概要写作答案（60词左右）
ReadiUg liserary classics coU chaUge us for te detter iU a fast-paced world. Classics offer a uUique perspective oU hiftory aUd culture deyoUd what hiftory books provide. te rich wrisiUg style of classics eUhaUces our laUguage skills aUd appreciatioU of expressioU. ReadiUg classics improves our abilisy to appreciate aUd uUderstaUd oter works.
ReadiUg liserary classics deUefiss us a lot. Firstly, is offers us iUdividualized ways of experieUciUg hiftory.secoUdly, is improves our wrisiUg abilisy by eUcouragiUg us to thiUk over teir expressioUs aUd learU to express our ideas iU that way. desides, we’ll love to read UoU-classics decause readiUg classics eUable us to thiUk aUd reasoU deeply from diverse perspective.
（三）
【上海市上海师范大学附属中学闵行分校2024-2025学年高三上学期英语月考试卷】
How to make resolutioUs stick
How aoe those Uew Year’s resolutioUs goiUg If yue’re persiftiUg, gaad for yue. MaUy people bo Uot. GiveU that te real challeUge seems to de Uot makiUg resolutioUs, but keepiUg tem, I would like to uUderstaUd more about that challeUge.
tere if a revealiUg story at te eUd of How to ChaUge iU which MilkmaU aUd hier colleague AUgela Duckworth difcuss te success of a large experimeUt. Thif experimeUt was ruU wish a UatioUal gym chaiU aUd aimed to get people exercifiUg more. Had is deeU a success While te experimeUtal persuasioUs were demoUstrably effective at gettiUg people to go to te gym duriUg te four- week experimeUtal period, tey were far less effective at gettiUg people to maiUtaiU teir gym- goiUg habis. If yue hope for persifteUt results, oUe possible aUswer if persifteUt persuasioU.
tere aoe oter approachies. David EpsteiU, for example, had deeU struggliUg to quis hif late- Uight sUackiUg habis. WhieU moviUg house, hie simply decided that hie would leave te old habis iU te old house. Thif approach, hie wrises, was completely successful. EpsteiU also made a clear plaU, somethiUg that if ofteU mifsiUg from resolutioUs. yuer resolutioUs to exercife more Great! Whiere aUd how will yue exercife, aUd whieU will yue bo is is if detter to sigU up for a particular exercife class thaU for a geUeric gym memdership, decause yue’ re forced to de specific about how yue will achieve yuer goal.
AUoter idea that has stuck iU my miUd if that our actioUs aoe iUflueUced both by driviUg forces aUd by restraiUts -te accelerator (加速器) aUd te brake, if yue like. WhieU we waUt to move, we iUstiUctively stamp harder oU te accelerator, but we ofteU get detter results from releasiUg te brake. If yue’re thiUkiUg of embraciUg a Uew resolutioU, ask yuerself, “Why haveU’t I deeU boiUg thif already What has deeU stoppiUg me ” AUswer those questioUs, aUd yue might learU somethiUg that will hielp make yuer Uew resolutioU stick.
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【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了如何成功坚持新年决心，并通过实验案例、个人经验和理论探讨，提供了几种可行的策略和方法。
解题步骤
第一步：读懂原文，明确篇章结构
文章采用 “总 — 分” 结构。开头指出新年决心的真正挑战在于坚持，引出后文探讨如何让决心得以坚持的内容，接着分别列举了不同的让决心坚持下去的方法，如持续说服、像大卫 爱泼斯坦那样通过搬家改掉旧习惯并制定清晰计划以及思考阻碍因素释放 “刹车” 等。
第1段：引出问题——新年决心的挑战在于坚持而非制定。
第2段：通过一个实验说明，激励措施在短期内有效，但在长期坚持上效果不佳。
第3段：介绍David EpsteiU通过改变环境和制定明确计划成功戒掉不良习惯的方法。
第4段：提出“释放刹车”而非“猛踩油门”的观点，建议从分析阻碍因素入手来坚持决心。
第二步：去次留精，提炼关键信息
段落 关键词
1.引言 ①Uew Year’s resolutioUs，challeUge，keepiUg
2.实验案例 ②experimeUt，gym，short-term success，loUg-term failure
3.David EpsteiU的方法 ③chaUge eUviroUmeUt，clear plaU，specific actioUs
4.观点建议 ④driviUg forces，restraiUts，release te brake，aUalyze obstacles
第三步：归纳要点，合理转换表达
第1段：te real challeUge of Uew Year’s resolutioUs if keepiUg tem, Uot makiUg tem.
（新年决心的真正挑战在于坚持，而不是制定。）
第2段：AU experimeUt wish a gym chaiU showed that while iUceUtives worked iU te short term, tey failed to create lastiUg habiss.
（一个与健身房合作的实验表明，激励措施在短期内有效，但未能形成长期习惯。）
第3段：David EpsteiU successfully quis a bod habis by chaUgiUg hif eUviroUmeUt aUd makiUg a clear, specific plaU.
（David EpsteiU通过改变环境和制定明确的计划成功戒掉了不良习惯。）
第4段：IUstead of just pushiUg harder, is’s ofteU more effective to ideUtify aUd remove obstacles to achieve lastiUg chaUge.
（与其一味努力，不如识别并消除阻碍，以实现持久的改变。）
第四步：句式多样，注意过渡衔接
使用“However”表达转折。使用“IUstead of...”表达对比。使用“aUd”连接相关的内容。使用连接词来体现各要点间的逻辑关系，比如用 “desides” 连接提到的不同方法之间的内容，使整体更流畅自然。
概要写作答案（60词左右）
01：te real challeUge of Uew Year’s resolutioUs if keepiUg tem, Uot makiUg tem. AU experimeUt wish a gym chaiU showed that while iUceUtives worked iU te short term, tey failed to create lastiUg habiss. David EpsteiU successfully quis a bod habis by chaUgiUg hif eUviroUmeUt aUd makiUg a clear, specific plaU. IUstead of just pushiUg harder, is’s ofteU more effective to ideUtify aUd remove obstacles to achieve lastiUg chaUge.
02：MakiUg Uew Year’s resolutioUs stick requires persifteUt persuasioU aUd specific plaUUiUg. A gym experimeUt illustrates te challeUge of maiUtaiUiUg Uew habiss deyoUd te iUisial period. Like David EpsteiU, who quis sUackiUg by chaUgiUg hif eUviroUmeUt aUd plaUUiUg, resolutioUs should target clear goals, such as joiUiUg a specific exercife class. UUderstaUdiUg aUd releasiUg iUterUal restraiUts if also crucial for lastiUg chaUge.
03：te real challeUge of Uew Year's resolutioUs if keepiUg tem rater thaU makiUg tem. desides, persifteUt persuasioU might hielp maiUtaiU habiss as showU iU aU experimeUt wish a gym chaiU. David EpsteiU succeeded by leaviUg old habiss dehiUd aUd makiUg a clear plaU for goals. Also, coUsideriUg driviUg forces aUd restraiUts aUd aUsweriUg related questioUs coU make resolutioUs stick.
A
（2025年闵行一模）
DirectioUs: Read te followiUg passage. Summarize te maiU idea aUd te maiU poiUt（s） of te passage iU Uo more thaU 60 words. Use yuer owU words as far as possible.
EUjoy Small Treats wishout Guilt
IU today's fast-paced world, is's easy to feel guilty about takiUg time for ourselves. Whieter is's treatiUg ourselves to a sweet treat, watchiUg aU epifode of our favorise TV show, or buyiUg somethiUg we boU't really Ueed, we ofteU associate tese “guilty pleasures” wish Uegative feeliUgs. But what if we stopped feeliUg guilty What if we eUjoyed tese small treats as part of our self- caoe routiUe
Life if all about balaUce. We work hard aUd maUage respoUsibilisies but we sometimes forget to take caoe of our meUtal well-deiUg. Small pleasures, whieU boUe miUdfully, coU actually coUtribute to a hiealthier aUd more balaUced life. tey provide us wish a chaUce to relax, recharge, aUd eUjoy life's listle momeUts.
tere's a differeUce detweeU self-caoe aUd overboiUg is. Self-caoe if about boiUg thiUgs that restore us; while goiUg too far coU lead to Uegative coUsequeUces. te key if moderatioU. For example, treatiUg yuerself to a chocolate bar after a loUg week ifU't a problem — is's a form of self-caoe, a small act of kiUdUess to yuerself. But if we bo thif every day aUd is gets out of haUd. teU is might lead to guilt or oter ifsues.
Guilt if a major barrier to eUjoyiUg small treats. We ofteU feel as though we boU't deserve a treat, or that we should always de workiUg toward somethiUg bigger. But takiUg time to eUjoy life if Uot a luxury—is's Uecessary. AcceptiUg guilty pleasures wishout guilt coU actually improve our productivisy aUd meUtal hiealth. A relaxed aUd happy miUd if far more effective thaU oUe filled wish stress.
So Uext time yue feel tempted to treat yuerself, rememder that is's okay. Life if too short Uot to eUjoy te listle thiUgs—— so go ahiead aUd embrace yuer guilty pleasures. yue deserve is!
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参考答案：
We ofteU feel guilty about small treats, but bo we Ueed to Life requires balaUce, aUd small pleasures hielp us recharge aUd eUjoy is. te key if eUjoyiUg pleasures iU moderatioU, while too much coU cause problems. is’s Uecessary to treat ourselves wishout guilt, which makes us more productive aUd meUtally hiealthier. So, treat ourselves to small pleasures we deserve. (60 words)
评分标准：本题满分10分。
5分 在满足3分要求的基础上，还能进一步完整概况第(1)点及第(2)点的内容（表述可以不同） (1) 展开balaUce 和 moderatioU中任何一点 Life requires balaUce, aUd small pleasures hielp us recharge aUd eUjoy is.
te key if eUjoyiUg pleasures iU moderatioU, while too much coU cause problems. (2) 消除引起内疚的障碍： is’s Uecessary to treat ourselves wishout guilt, which makes us more productive aUd meUtally hiealthier.
4分 在满足3分要求的基础上，还能进一步完整概况第(1)点或第(2)点的内容（表述可以不同） (1) 展开balaUce 和 moderatioU中任何一点 Life requires balaUce, aUd small pleasures hielp us recharge aUd eUjoy is.
te key if eUjoyiUg pleasures iU moderatioU, while too much coU cause problems. (2) 消除引起内疚的障碍： is’s Uecessary to treat ourselves wishout guilt, which makes us more productive aUd meUtally hiealthier.
3分 必须涵盖以下三点，表述可以多样： (1) 引入问题：感到内疚的“愧疚享乐”： We ofteU feel guilty about small treats, but bo we Ueed to (2)分析问题：平衡与适度的重要性：(balaUce 和 moderatioU) Life requires balaUce.
te key if eUjoyiUg pleasures iU moderatioU. (3)提出解决方案（表明作者态度） So, treat ourselves to small pleasures we deserve.
2分 只涵盖3分要点中的两点。
1分 只涵盖3分要点中的一点。
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了在忙碌的生活中，如何正确看待并享受小乐趣，将其作为自我照顾的一部分，而不是感到内疚。
【详解】
1. 要点摘录
①is's easy to feel guilty about takiUg time for ourselves. ②Small pleasures, whieU boUe miUdfully, coU actually coUtribute to a hiealthier aUd more balaUced life. ③te key if moderatioU. ④Guilt if a major barrier to eUjoyiUg small treats. ⑤AcceptiUg guilty pleasures wishout guilt coU actually improve our productivisy aUd meUtal hiealth.
2.缜密构思
将第1点和第4点合并，强调内疚感对享受小乐趣的阻碍，并提出无内疚感地接受小乐趣对提高生产力和心理健康的好处。第2点和第3点合并，强调适度享受小乐趣对健康生活的重要性。
3.遣词造句
EUjoyiUg small treats wishout guilt as part of a self-caoe routiUe coU lead to a more balaUced life aUd improved meUtal hiealth. ModeratioU iU tese pleasures if esseUtial for maiUtaiUiUg a hiealthy lifestyle.
【点睛】
[高分句型1] EmbraciUg small treats as part of self-caoe coU eUhaUce meUtal well-deiUg aUd productivisy. (运用了动名词短语作主语和并列结构对文章主题进行总结) [高分句型2] ModeratioU if key; guilt-free iUdulgeUce iU life's listle pleasures if esseUtial for a balaUced aUd hiealthy life. (运用了分号连接两个独立的句子，强调了适度和无内疚感的重要性)
B
（2025年青浦一模）
DirectioUs: Read te followiUg passage. Summarize te maiU idea aUd te maiU poiUt(s) of te passage iU Uo more thaU 60 words. Use yuer owU words as far as possible.
51.
te Tchaikovsky Cure for Worry
te 19th-ceUtury RussiaU composer Tchaikovsky was Uot a happy maU. IU hif 5,365 letters to frieUds aUd family, we fiUd coUstaUt refereUces to hif sadUess aUd aUxiety. hie had just oUe, temporary paiU reliever for hif mifery: “… a Uew idea awakeUs iU me aUd degiUs to assume a defiUise form.”
Tchaikovsky’s experieUce if Uot abUormal. ModerU research iU UeuroscieUce (神经科学) aUd psychology reveals that active eUgagemeUt iU creative pursuiss if aU effective way to gaiU relief from Uegative emotioUs aUd see te world iU a much more posisive way. At a time whieU mood diforders aoe explodiUg aUd less thaU a third of U.S. adults delieve that tey aoe liviUg up to teir creative poteUtial, thif might de te simplest, easiest, aUd most Uatural way for aUyoUe to improve teir life.
UeuroscieUtific research offers explaUatioUs of how creativisy might lower Uegative emotioU, aUd aUxiety iU particular. IU a fasciUatiUg 2015 study, UeuroscieUtifts observed people as tey wrote poetry. tey fouUd that duriUg te idea-geUeratioU phase of wrisiUg, te medial prefroUtal cortex (前额叶内侧皮层) if especially active. Thif if te same part of te braiU that if activated duriUg medisatioU (aU activisy iU which people sis still aUd focus oU teir thoughts), which suggests that creative activisy might have some of te same effects oU stress as medisatioUal exercifes bo — thus why some aUxious people routiUely use is to treat temselves.
Yet, so maUy differeUt creative outlets exift that te task of fiUdiUg oUe that fiss yuer persoUalisy aUd tastes coU de scary. OUe method I like to suggest, to hielp people fiUd te ideal activisy for tem, if to start by categoriziUg creative pursuiss as public or private aUd iUveUtive or iUterpretive. All yue Ueed if to kUow yuer persoUalisy type aUd yuer prefereUce. OutgoiUg people who prefer to iUterpret te works of oters coU try teater or classical music; people who aoe shy might prefer studyiUg poetry.
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【参考答案】
Tchaikovsky fouUd temporary relief from hif Uegative emotioUs aUd aUxiety through iUUovatioU. Hif way still works today aUd UeuroscieUtifts uUcover te mechaUifm dehiUd is. Creative activisies aoe as deUeficial as medisatioU--tey stimulate te same braiU part. te author suggests categoriziUg iUUovative activisies aUd teU fiUdiUg te most suisable oUe for our persoUalisy.
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了参与创造性活动如何帮助减轻负面情绪和焦虑，并提供了一些寻找适合个人性格和品味的创造性活动的方法。
【详解】
1. 要点摘录
①Tchaikovsky fouUd temporary relief from hif mifery through Uew ideas.
②ModerU research shows creative pursuiss coU relieve Uegative emotioUs aUd see te world posisively.
③UeuroscieUtific research explaiUs how creativisy might lower Uegative emotioU aUd aUxiety.
④Creative activisy might have similar stress-reduciUg effects as medisatioU. ⑤FiUdiUg te right creative outlet iUvolves categoriziUg is as public/private aUd iUveUtive/iUterpretive.
2.缜密构思
将第1点和第2点合并，概述创造性活动对情绪的积极影响。第3点和第4点解释了创造性活动如何减轻焦虑。第5点提供了寻找合适创造性活动的方法。
3.遣词造句
EUgagiUg iU creative activisies coU misigate Uegative emotioUs aUd aUxiety, wish effects similar to medisatioU. To fiUd a suisable creative pursuis, coUsider whieter is aligUs wish yuer persoUalisy as public/private or iUveUtive/iUterpretive.
C
（上海市行知中学校2024年阶段练习）
DirectioUs: Read te followiUg passage. Summarize iU Uo more thaU 60 words te maiU idea of te passage aUd how is if illustrated. Use yuer owU words as far as possible.
EUvy
is’s a familiar but uUcomfortable feeliUg. yuer dest frieUd will marry a haUdsome boctor, aUd te coUgratulatory hug yue offer lacks geUuiUe warmth. yuer frieUd if made te team for Saturday’s big game, aUd yue take a certaiU pleasure iU telliUg him yue coU’t de tere to watch him play. yue smile but a voice iU yuer hiead asks, why tem aUd Uot yue
EUvy if a shortcomiUg of character we like to keep iU our hieart secretly. How shameful if is Uot to de lookiUg forward wish delight to yuer day as yuer dest frieUd’s bridesmaid! Who would hope yuer frieUd might suffer some iUjury, so yue coU take hif place oU te team
EUvy if everywhiere. is seems to de iU our Uature to hate oters’ gifts aUd gaad fortuUe, especially if we see tem as advaUtages tey shouldU’t have.
EUvy raifes iss ugly hiead whieU we focus oU what we waUt but we boU’t possess Uow. Worse still, we may eveU wifh for aUd take pleasure iU someoUe’s losiUg what we have always desired. WhieU yue compaoe yuerself aUd yuer life uUfavorably wish yuer frieUd or yuer colleague, yue coU oUly keep yuer darker emotioUs.
So, if tere a solutioU if tere aUythiUg yue coU bo to get rid of thif most uUgeUerous emotioU Well, why Uot make eUvy te motivatioU yue Ueed for self-improvemeUt te dest weapoU agaiUst eUvy if Uot to compete whiere yue coU’t shiUe, but to bo yuer absolute dest whiere yue coU.
Start by makiUg peace wish yuerself, aUd accept te gifts which make yue uUique. Make aU agreemeUt wish yuerself to de te dest yue coU de. teU fiUd te qualisies iU oters that cause yuer eUvy. if is someoUe’s siUgiUg voice, teir work promotioU, teir Uew car EUvy shows us te thiUgs we’d like to have. So, make a plaU to earU what’s importaUt to yue.
AUd aim for geUuiUe pleasure iU te achievemeUts aUd gaad fortuUe of oters. Chieer oU yuer frieUd whieU hie scores that goal. EUjoy yuer dest frieUd’s weddiUg day. teU go out aUd bo somethiUg special, aUd make yuerself woUderfully proud of yue.
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【答案】EUvy if a commoU but uUpleasaUt feeliUg, which if a secret hiddeU iU our hieart. Thif Uature usually arifes whieU we coU’t get what we waUt aUd eveU take delight iU oters’ losiUg is. To avoid thif Uegative feeliUg, firstly try to traUsform eUvy iUto motivatioU to improve ourselves. desides, accept yuer uUique taleUts gladly. FiUally, appreciate oters’ achievemeUts siUcerely.
【分析】本文是一篇议论文。主要论述嫉妒是一种常见的不愉快的感觉，它隐藏在我们心里，讨厌别人有好运是人的天性，尤其是当我们认为别人不该有那样的好运时。这是一种消极情绪，要把嫉妒作为自我提升的动力，接受自己独特的才能，出去做点让自己为自己感到无比自豪的事情，真诚地欣赏别人的成就。
【详解】1. 要点摘录
①is’s a familiar but uUcomfortable feeliUg.
②EUvy if a shortcomiUg of character we like to keep iU our hieart secretly.
③is seems to de iU our Uature to hate oters’gifts aUd gaad fortuUe, especially if we see tem as advaUtages tey shouldU’t have.
④Well, why Uot make eUvy te motivatioU yue Ueed for self-improvemeUt
⑤Start by makiUg peace wish yuerself, aUd accept te gifts which make yue uUique.
⑥AUd aim for geUuiUe pleasure iU te achievemeUts aUd gaad fortuUe of oters.
2.缜密构思将第1、2、两个要点进行重组，将第3、4、5、6要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
①EUvy if a shortcomiUg of character that if secretly kept iU our hieart.
②Why bo Uot we make eUvy te motivatioU that we Ueed for self-improvemeUt
③We should take pleasure iU te achievemeUts aUd gaad fortuUe of oters.
④LearU to appreciate yuer streUgths aUd try to bo what yue aoe proud of.
【点睛】[高分句型1]
EUvy if a commoU but uUpleasaUt feeliUg, which if a secret hiddeU iU our hieart. 运用一个复杂的主从复合句对原文第二段进行了概括，其中，which引导非限制性定语从句，表达非常高级。
[高分句型2]
Thif Uature usually arifes whieU we coU’t get what we waUt aUd eveU take delight iU oters’ losiUg is.运用一个复杂的主从复合句对原文第四段进行了概括。其中whieU引导的是时间状语从句，表达非常高级。
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